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The de Havilland Mosquito: The Unlikely WWII Hero That was Made of Wood

Original YouTube Video | megaprojects9649 Published on 2023-06-05 Level：99 Speed：41 maxwordlevel：27

Video vocabulary

balsa

US / ˈbɔ:lsə /

•

UK / ˈbɔlsə /

noun
Strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats; forest tree of lowland Central

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

nickname

US / ˈnɪkneɪm /

•

UK / ˈnɪkˌnem /

noun
Name given by friends or family
verb
To give someone an informal name or title

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

usual

US / ˈju:ʒuəl /

•

UK / ˈjuʒuəl /

adjecitve
Being the way things occur most of the time

walker

US / 'wɔ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔkɚ /

noun
Person's name
Special kind of frame designed to help people walk
Person who is traveling on foot

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

bomber

US / ˈbɒmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɑmɚ /

noun
Military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

strategic

US / strəˈti:dʒɪk /

•

UK / strəˈtidʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerned with strategy; well thought out

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

mph

US / ˌempi:'eɪtʃ /

•

UK / ˌempi:'eɪtʃ /

abbreviation
MPH is an acronym for miles per hour

raid

US / reɪd /

•

UK / red /

noun
Sudden entry by police; surprise attack by army
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
verb
(Army) to suddenly enter or attack a place
To suddenly enter or attack, e.g. to steal or harm

squadron

US / ˈskwɒdrən /

•

UK / ˈskwɑ:drən /

noun
Military unit, e.g. of planes or ships

utilize

US / ˈju:təlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈjutlˌaɪz /

verb
To use something for a particular purpose

accident

US / ˈæksɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈæksɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

noun
Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

airframe

US / 'eəˌfreɪm /

•

UK / 'erˌfreɪm /

noun
Framework and covering of an airplane or rocket

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

hermann

US / ˌhɪəˈwɪð /

•

UK / ˌhɪrˈwɪð /

heavily

US / ˈhevɪli /

•

UK / hɛvəli /

adverb
In a slow, loud manner
A lot or to a great degree
With great effort or force

mission

US / 'mɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

noun
A task or role someone is given to do
Special assignment given to a person or group
Group tasked with a specific duty
A task given to someone to gain or achieve
Religious group wishing to convert others
Housing for a religious group working overseas
Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

successfully

US / sək'sesfəlɪ /

•

UK / səkˈsɛsfəlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that achieves a goal

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

stipulation

US / ˌstɪpjʊ'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌstɪpjəˈleʃən /

noun
A condition in an agreement

broadcasting

US / 'brɔ:dkɑ:stɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ /

verb
To send out signals by radio or television

armament

US / ˈɑ:məmənt /

•

UK / ˈɑrməmənt /

noun
Weapon or military force

army

US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑrmi /

noun
Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

occupy

US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /

verb
To enter and take control of land/property
To fill a time, a space, or an area
To live in a particular building
To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

soviet

US / ˈsəuviət,ˈsɔviət /

•

UK / ˈsoviˌɛt, -ɪt, ˈsɑvi-, ˌsoviˈɛt /

adjecitve
Of or relating to or characteristic of the former Soviet Union or its people
noun
Elected government council in a communist country

agility

US / ə'dʒɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈdʒɪlɪti /

noun
Graceful quick and nimble movements

altitude

US / 'æltɪtju:d /

•

UK / ˈæltɪˌtud,-ˌtjud /

noun
Height of something above sea level

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

delay

US / dɪˈleɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈle /

noun
Action of being late or happening later
verb
To wait some amount of time before doing something
To do something later than is planned or expected
To stop something from happening for a time

minor

US / 'maɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmaɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Not so large in size; not important or valuable
An interval a half tone smaller than its major
noun
Subject studied in college, but not the main one
Someone too young to be legally responsible

albatross

US / ˈælbətrɒs /

•

UK / ˈælbətrɔ:s /

noun
Large seabird found in the Southern Ocean

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

scotland

US / 'skɒtlənd /

•

UK / 'skɑ:tlənd /

proper noun
A country in northern Great Britain and the United Kingdom; population 5,169,000 (est. 2008); capita

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

exceed

US / ɪk'si:d /

•

UK / ɪkˈsid /

verb
To be greater in number, degree than something
To go above or beyond a limit or rule

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

pathfinder

US / ˈpɑ:θfaɪndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpæθfaɪndə(r) /

noun
Someone who find ways through unexplored territory

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

propaganda

US / ˌprɒpə'ɡændə /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:pə'ɡændə /

noun
(Use of) message that you want people to accept

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

supercharge

US / /

•

UK / /

verb
To add an oxygen compressor to an engine

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

chimney

US / 'tʃɪmnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtʃɪmni /

noun
Part of a building through which smoke escapes

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

san

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to the San or their languages.
noun
A member of the aboriginal peoples of southern Africa commonly called Bushmen.
The group of Khoisan languages spoken by the San.

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

outperform

US / ˌaʊtpəˈfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˌaʊtpərˈfɔ:rm /

verb
To achieve more than other competitors

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

prefer

US / prɪˈfɜ:(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈfɚ /

verb
To like something better than something else

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

usefulness

US / ˈjuːsflnəs /

•

UK / ˈjuːsflnəs /

noun
State of being needed or having a purpose

civil

US / ˈsɪvl /

•

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

adjecitve
Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

requirement

US / rɪ'kwaɪəmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪrmənt /

noun
A demand that someone does something
Something that is a necessity

tooth

US / tu:θ /

•

UK / tuθ /

noun
A sharp points on the edge of a machine or tool
Hard white things in the mouth, used to bite

agile

US / ˈædʒaɪl /

•

UK / ˈædʒl /

adjecitve
Quick and skillful in moving; nimble

havilland

US / ˈhævələnd /

•

UK / /

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

locate

US / ləʊ'keɪt /

•

UK / ˈloˌket,loˈket /

verb
To find exactly where something is positioned
To put something in a new place

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

reluctantly

US / rɪ'lʌktəntlɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlʌktəntlɪ /

adverb
In an unwilling manner; grudgingly

vision

US / 'vɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒən /

noun
Ability to see; eyesight
Something you see in your imagination or dreams
Ability to plan for the future of something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

dogfight

US / ˈdɒgfaɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɔ:gfaɪt /

noun
A fiercely disputed contest

bomb

US / bɒm /

•

UK / bɑm /

noun
An explosive device
verb
To attack with explosives
To fail or be completely unsuccessful

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

exhibit

US / ɪɡ'zɪbɪt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪbɪt, ɛɡ- /

noun
Object put on public display, e.g. in a gallery
verb
To show something, such as an emotion
To put object on public display, e.g. in a gallery

decrease

US / dɪˈkri:s /

•

UK / dɪˈkris /

noun
Amount by which something has been reduced
verb
To reduce the size, amount or number of something

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

inspire

US / ɪn'spaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈspaɪr /

verb
To give someone an idea to do or make something
To make someone feel a certain emotion

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

superb

US / su:ˈpɜ:b /

•

UK / su:ˈpɜ:rb /

adjecitve
Extremely good

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

freeman

US / 'fri:mən /

•

UK / ˈfrimən /

noun
Someone who is not a slave

precious

US / 'preʃəs /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃəs /

adjecitve
Having a youthful, cute, and pleasant appearance
Very little (time, money etc.)
Extremely loved and valued
Being very sensitive about something
Being of great value; highly prized

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

nevertheless

US / ˌnevəðəˈles /

•

UK / ˌnevərðəˈles /

adverb
In spite of what has just been said; nonetheless

opt

US / ɒpt /

•

UK / ɑ:pt /

verb
To choose one thing rather than other choices

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

spanish

US / ˈspænɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈspænɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Spain

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

december

US / dɪˈsembə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈsɛmbɚ /

noun
The 12th month of the year

hall

US / hɔ:l /

•

UK / hɔl /

noun
Area just inside the entrance of a building
Large room/building for public events/gatherings
Large, impressive older home
Part of the name of a building

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

navigator

US / ˈnævɪgeɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnævɪˌɡetɚ /

noun
(Plane or ship's) officer in charge of navigation

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

bombing

US / ˈbɒmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɑ:mɪŋ /

noun
Dropping, attacking or throwing of bombs
verb
To attack with explosives
To fail or be completely unsuccessful

daylight

US / ˈdeɪlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈdeˌlaɪt /

noun
Light of the sun during the day

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

radar

US / ˈreɪdɑ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈredɑr /

noun
Radio device used to find the location of objects

reconnaissance

US / rɪˈkɒnɪsns /

•

UK / rɪˈkɑ:nɪsns /

noun
Finding out information about the enemy

defence

US / dɪˈfens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
The process of protecting something from attack

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

nazi

US / ˈnɑ:tsi /

•

UK / ˈnɑtsi, ˈnæt- /

noun
Relating to or consistent with or typical of the ideology and practice of Nazism or the Nazis

folly

US / ˈfɒli /

•

UK / ˈfɑ:li /

noun
Bad judgment or stupidity; madness

recon

US / 'ɒpəreɪtəz /

•

UK / 'ɒpəreɪtəz /

tweak

US / twi:k /

•

UK / twik /

noun
A small change or adjustment
verb
To make a small change or adjustment

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

dire

US / ˈdaɪə(r) /

•

UK / daɪr /

adjecitve
(E.g. of consequences) very serious

january

US / ˈdʒænjuəri /

•

UK / ˈdʒænjueri /

noun
1st month of the year

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

arm

US / ɑ:m /

•

UK / ɑrm /

noun
Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
A branch of another object e.g. company
The side part of a chair where your arms go
The influence or power an authority has
verb
To activate a weapon or bomb for use
To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

italy

US / 'ɪtəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɪtəlɪ /

proper noun
A country in southern Europe; population 59,800,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Rome; official langua

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

shortly

US / ˈʃɔ:tli /

•

UK / ˈʃɔrtli /

adverb
Quickly; soon; in a moment
In an unfriendly or rude way

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

bishop

US / ˈbɪʃəp /

•

UK / ˈbɪʃəp /

noun
Senior member of the Christian church

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

famous

US / 'feɪməs /

•

UK / ˈfeməs /

adjecitve
Excellent
Widely known; recognized by many people

dare

US / deə(r) /

•

UK / der /

noun
A dangerous or risky act people are afraid to do
verb
To challenge someone to do something that is risky
To have enough courage to do something

baker

US / ˈbeɪkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbekɚ /

noun
Someone who bakes bread or cake as their job
Person's name

john

US / dʒɔn /

•

UK / dʒɑn /

noun
A toilet.
A prostitute's client.
proper noun
(1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
The name of six kings of Portugal.

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

quote

US / kwəʊt /

•

UK / kwot /

noun
Written statement of the cost of something
The (often wise or famous) words of another person
verb
To tell someone how much a task will cost
To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

overwhelming

US / ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈhwɛlmɪŋ, -ˈwɛl- /

adjecitve
Having too much to handle (e.g. work)
verb
To defeat something or someone completely
To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
To cause to have too much to handle (e.g. work)

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

equip

US / ɪ'kwɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪp /

verb
To provide with necessary materials or skills

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

wisdom

US / 'wɪzdəm /

•

UK / ˈwɪzdəm /

noun
Knowledge gained from experience in life

wwii

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
World War II.

armoured

US / ˈɑ:məd /

•

UK / ˈɑːrmərd /

adjecitve
(Body, thing) protected by a covering
verb
To cover something in metal to protect it

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

madrid

US / məˈdrɪd /

•

UK / məˈdrɪd /

proper noun
The capital of Spain; population 3,213,271 (2008). Situated on a high plateau in the center of the c

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

wood

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

adjecitve
Living or existing in the woods
Made from the material from trees
noun
Person's name
Land covered with trees, smaller than a forest
Cut tree used for making fires or building things
verb
To plant an area of land with trees

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

unit

US / ˈju:nɪt /

•

UK / ˈjunɪt /

noun
One apartment in a building
Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
A chapter of a textbook
A standard of measurement of something
Single item made by a company

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

conventional

US / kən'venʃənl /

•

UK / kənˈvɛnʃənəl /

adjecitve
Following the common attitudes and practices

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

dictate

US / dɪk'teɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɪkˌtet /

verb
To speak while someone writes down your words
To make a thing necessary
To order that something should happen

command

US / kə'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / kəˈmænd /

noun
Electronic order to a computer to do something
An order to control things or others
verb
To be able to see far from a certain location
To give an order; have control over others
To have or get (respect or attention)

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

metric

US / ˈmetrɪk /

•

UK / ˈmɛtrɪk /

adjecitve
Based on the meter as a standard of measurement

turret

US / ˈtʌrət /

•

UK / ˈtɜ:rət /

noun
Small tower on a building

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

machine

US / mə'ʃi:n /

•

UK / məˈʃin /

noun
Piece of equipment used to do work
Powerful group who control and organize things
verb
To shape, work on something, using a device

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

accurately

US / 'ækjərətlɪ /

•

UK / 'ækjərətlɪ /

adverb
Exactly and without any mistakes; correctly

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

loss

US / lɒs /

•

UK / lɔ:s /

noun
Friend, family, or other loved person's death
Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
Experience or state of failing to have or keep
A situation when you lose a game
Process of failing to have or keep something
Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
Situation when more money is spent than is earned

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

alcazar

US / æl'kæzɑ: /

•

UK / æl'kæzɑ: /

other
Any of various Spanish fortresses or palaces built by the Moors

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

boost

US / bu:st /

•

UK / bust /

noun
An increase in something
verb
To increase something; to make something better
To push someone or something up from beneath them

eric

US / ˈerɪk /

•

UK / /

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

tank

US / tæŋk /

•

UK / tæŋk /

noun
Container for holding liquid or gas
Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
verb
To fail completely or badly
To deliberately lose a game or contest

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

empty

US / 'emptɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛmpti /

adjecitve
Containing nothing; with no contents
Without emotions, feelings, meaning or force
noun
Item, e.g. a bottle, whose contents have been used
verb
To remove the contents from something

engine

US / 'endʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /

noun
Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
The part of a train that pulls railway cars

april

US / ˈeɪprəl /

•

UK / ˈeɪprəl /

noun
4th month of the year
Person's name

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

historian

US / hɪˈstɔ:riən /

•

UK / hɪˈstɔriən /

noun
Someone who studies the course of history

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

pacific

US / pə'sɪfɪk /

•

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

african

US / ˈæfrɪkən /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Africa
noun
Person from Africa

airspace

US / ˈeəspeɪs /

•

UK / ˈɛrˌspes /

noun
Area in the sky controlled by a country

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

belgium

US / 'beldʒəm /

•

UK / 'beldʒəm /

noun
A monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Tr

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

innovation

US / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnəˈveʃən /

noun
Process of creating new ideas or inventions

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

moreover

US / mɔ:rˈəʊvə(r) /

•

UK / mɔ:rˈoʊvər /

adverb
In addition to what has been said

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

modify

US / ˈmɒdɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪ /

verb
To make minor change to something

photographic

US / ˌfəʊtəˈgræfɪk /

•

UK / ˌfotəˈɡræfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning the art of making images with cameras

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

twin

US / twɪn /

•

UK / twɪn /

noun
Two children born from same mother at same time
One of two things that closely resemble each other

envision

US / ɪnˈvɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɪʒn /

verb
To imagine or picture in your mind

execute

US / ˈeksɪkju:t /

•

UK / ˈɛksɪˌkjut /

verb
To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
To perform a plan or action

principle

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

noun
Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
Natural law that explains how things work

otherwise

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

•

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

adverb
In an additional or different way
Unless; or

skepticism

US / 'skeptɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Doubting that something is true/probable/useful

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

holocaust

US / ˈhɒləkɔ:st /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:ləkɔ:st /

noun
Act of mass destruction and loss of life in a war

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

kilogram

US / ˈkɪləgræm /

•

UK / ˈkɪləɡræm /

noun
1000g

speed

US / spi:d /

•

UK / spid /

noun
How fast or slow something is or is done
verb
To move quickly when completing an action
To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

bedroom

US / ˈbedru:m /

•

UK / ˈbɛdˌrum, -ˌrʊm /

noun
Room with a bed, for sleeping in

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

evade

US / ɪˈveɪd /

•

UK / ɪˈved /

verb
To avoid being captured; avoid answering

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

install

US / ɪnˈstɔ:l /

•

UK / ɪnˈstɔl /

verb
To set up equipment so that it is ready to use
To place someone officially in a job position

israel

US / 'ɪzreɪl /

•

UK / 'ɪzreɪl /

noun
Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine

notably

US / ˈnəʊtəbli /

•

UK / ˈnoʊtəbli /

adverb
In a way that deserves notice; particularly

regardless

US / rɪˈgɑ:dləs /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs /

adverb
Without being affected or concerned by something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

tirelessly

US / 'taɪələslɪ /

•

UK / 'taɪələslɪ /

adverb
In a manner showing no signs of a lack of energy

british

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of British

airworthy

US / ˈeəwɜːði /

•

UK / ˈerwɜːrði /

adjecitve
(Of planes) fit to fly; safe

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

combat

US / 'kɒmbæt /

•

UK / kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑmˌbæt /

verb
To fight someone or something physically

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

outrun

US / ˌaʊtˈrʌn /

•

UK / aʊtˈrʌn /

verb
To run faster than

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

crucial

US / 'kru:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

adjecitve
Extremely important or necessary

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

freddie

US / ˈɑ:dʒəntain /

•

UK / ˈɑrdʒənˌtaɪn, -ˌtin /

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

son

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

US / pɪn /

•

UK / pɪn /

noun
A piece of jewelry worn pinned to clothes
Short for Personal Information Number
Small thin thing with a sharp point, for attaching
verb
To hold someone down so that they can't move
To fasten things together using a sharp point

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

chancellor

US / 'tʃɑ:nsələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃænsəlɚ, -slɚ /

noun
High government official

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

german

US / ˈdʒɜːmən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜːrmən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Germany
noun
Person from Germany

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

unwittingly

US / ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋlɪ /

adverb
Without knowledge or intention

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

ministry

US / ˈmɪnɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstri /

noun
Body of religious workers and leaders
Government department, such as Education

prototype

US / ˈprəʊ.tə.taɪp /

•

UK / ˈproʊ.t̬ə.taɪp /

noun
A first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

altogether

US / ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɔltəˈɡɛðɚ /

adverb
All things considered
Completely and entirely, fully
With all included and counted

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

defensive

US / dɪˈfensɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Protecting something, yourself from attack

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

pilot

US / 'paɪlət /

•

UK / ˈpaɪlət /

noun
Person flying a plane; expert guide for a ship
verb
To conduct a small practice experiment
To fly a plane; to direct a ship
To try TV program out to see if it would succeed

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

counterpart

US / ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t /

•

UK / ˈkaʊntərpɑ:rt /

noun
Person/thing having same function/characteristics

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

frame

US / freɪm /

•

UK / frem /

noun
Structure that holds a picture or photo
A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
Main part of structures supporting the other parts
verb
To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
To put say or write something in a careful way
To put a picture in a protective structure

ignore

US / ɪɡ'nɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnɔr, -ˈnor /

verb
To not listen to, look at, or pay attention to

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lieutenant

US / lefˈtenənt /

•

UK / lu:ˈtenənt /

noun
Officer in the army, navy, or air force

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

relief

US / rɪˈli:f /

•

UK / rɪˈlif /

noun
Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
People who replace other workers and their duties
Release from worry, stress or tension

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

witten

US / ˈwɪtən /

•

UK / /

noun
In full "whitten-tree". Either of two shrubby trees of the genus Viburnum, the guelder rose, Viburnu
The rowan or mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia. Compare "whitty". Now English regional (midlands or his

underway

US / ˌʌndəˈweɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈwe /

adverb
Happening now

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

aviation

US / ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌeviˈeʃən,ˌævi- /

noun
Science or practice of flying aircraft

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

morale

US / məˈrɑ:l /

•

UK / məˈræl /

noun
the amount of confidence and enthusiasm, etc. that a person or a group has at a particular time

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

photo

US / ˈfəʊtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈfoʊtoʊ /

noun
Short for photograph; a picture taken by a camera

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

detect

US / dɪˈtekt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɛkt /

verb
To discover or identify the presence of something

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

furious

US / ˈfjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈfjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Extremely angry

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

whine

US / waɪn /

•

UK / hwaɪn, waɪn /

noun
Complaints made in an annoying crying voice
verb
To complain in an annoying crying voice

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

cannon

US / 'kænən /

•

UK / ˈkænən /

noun
Large wheeled gun that fires heavy metal balls
verb
To hit and bounce off

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

mostly

US / ˈməʊstli /

•

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

opinion

US / əˈpɪnjən /

•

UK / əˈpɪnjən /

noun
Court judge's statement why a decision was made
A person's thoughts on a topic

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

enthusiast

US / ɪnˈθju:ziæst /

•

UK / ɪnˈθu:ziæst /

noun
A person having a strong liking for something

goebbels

US / /

•

UK / /

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

flare

US / fleə(r) /

•

UK / flɛr /

noun
A brief bright light
Light/fire used to signal for help/warn of danger
Part of an object that spreads or becomes wider
verb
To become angry or excited suddenly
To burn or shine suddenly and briefly
To spread something or make something wider

joseph

US / ˈdʒəuzif /

•

UK / ˈdʒozəf, -səf /

noun
(New Testament) Husband of Mary and (in Christian belief)
other
Leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

success

US / sək'ses /

•

UK / səkˈsɛs /

noun
Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
A successful person; one who achieved their aims

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

reminder

US / rɪˈmaɪndə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmaɪndər /

noun
Something that causes one to remember something

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

tower

US / 'taʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtaʊɚ /

noun
Tall, narrow building
Tall metal structure for broadcasting, or the view
verb
To be very good at something

wingspan

US / ˈwɪŋspæn /

•

UK / ˈwɪŋˌspæn /

noun
Linear distance between the extremities of an airfoil

victory

US / 'vɪktərɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪktəri /

noun
Defeating or beating someone or something

ascension

US / ə'senʃn /

•

UK / əˈsɛnʃən /

other
(Christianity) Celebration of the Ascension of Christ into heaven; observed on the th day after East

convince

US / kən'vɪns /

•

UK / kənˈvɪns /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

durability

US / ˌdjʊərə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌdjʊrəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
Product made to withstand repeated use

flight

US / flaɪt /

•

UK / flaɪt /

noun
Act of leaving a place, usually to escape danger
Trip by plane, helicopter etc.

green

US / gri:n /

•

UK / ɡrin /

adjecitve
Color of young leaves
Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
Concerned about protecting the environment
The color of young leaves
Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
noun
Large grassy area
used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

marshal

US / ˈmɑ:ʃl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rʃl /

noun
Person who has a high position in the military
Person in charge of a public event or ceremony
Official whose job it is to carry out the law
verb
To prepare something in an organized way
To organize a group of people

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

adjustment

US / əˈdʒʌstmənt /

•

UK / əˈdʒʌstmənt /

noun
Small change to attain a desired state or function
A change to make something function better

boon

US / bu:n /

•

UK / bun /

noun
Something very helpful which makes life easier

authorize

US / 'ɔ:θəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔθəˌraɪz /

verb
To officially or legally allow or give permission

envy

US / ˈenvi /

•

UK / ˈɛnvi /

noun
Feeling of wanting something that someone else has
verb
To feel that you want something someone else has

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

hispano

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A person descended from Spanish settlers in the Southwest before it was annexed to the US.

merlin

US / ˈmɜ:lɪn /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rlɪn /

noun
A small dark falcon that hunts small birds, found throughout most of Eurasia and much of North Ameri
proper noun
(in Arthurian legend) a magician who aided and supported King Arthur.

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

unconventional

US / ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl /

•

UK / ˌʌnkənˈvɛnʃənəl /

adjecitve
Not acting according to normal accepted rules

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

berlin

US / bə:ˈlin /

•

UK / bɚˈlin /

noun
A limousine with a glass partition between the front and back seats
other
Capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

manufacture

US / ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚ /

verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

shortage

US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

noun
A lack of something necessary

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

versatility

US / ˌvɜ:sə'tɪlətɪ /

•

UK / ˌˈə:səˈtɪlətɪ /

noun
Attribute of having a wide variety of skills

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

royal

US / 'rɔɪəl /

•

UK / ˈrɔɪəl /

adjecitve
Excellent or grand; suitable for a king or queen
Concerning a king or queen
Used in some titles of noble persons, places

considerable

US / kənˈsɪdərəbl /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdərəbəl /

adjecitve
Large in size, amount, or effect

designer

US / dɪˈzaɪnə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪnə /

adjecitve
Describing something that has been designed
noun
Someone who creates plans to make something

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

communist

US / ˈkɒmjənɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɑmjənɪst /

adjecitve
Believer in communism

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

mount

US / maʊnt /

•

UK / maʊnt /

noun
An attachment used to keep something in place
Title of a specific mountain
Horse that someone is riding
verb
To attach something to something else
To set a picture, jewel etc. in
To sit on a horse or bike in order to ride it
To climb a mountain
To organize an exhibition, race etc.
To start (an attack) against an enemy

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

scrap

US / skræp /

•

UK / skræp /

adjecitve
Unneeded and thrown away
noun
A fight with someone
Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
other
Wasted things such as metal
verb
To fight with someone

steel

US / sti:l /

•

UK / stil /

adjecitve
Made of, or partly made of, a strong silvery metal
noun
Very strong or determined character in a person
Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
verb
To prepare yourself for something difficult

chinese

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of China

commemorate

US / kə'meməreɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmɛməˌret /

verb
To celebrate the memory of someone or some event

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

manufacturing

US / ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ /

noun
The act of making things in factories
verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

maurice

US / ˈmɒrɪs /

•

UK / /

restoration

US / ˌrestəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛstəˈreʃən /

noun
Renewing/repairing building to its original state

wooden

US / ˈwʊdn /

•

UK / ˈwʊdn /

adjecitve
(Of acting) without natural emotion; unconvincing
Made of wood

adaptability

US / əˌdæptə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˌdæptə'bɪlətɪ /

noun
Able to change, succeed in different conditions

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

variant

US / ˈveəriənt /

•

UK / ˈveriənt /

noun
Thing that differs from something of the same kind

benson

US / 'benɪ /

•

UK / 'benɪ /

box

US / bɒks /

•

UK / bɑ:ks /

noun
A marked area of a baseball field
A container with four straight sides and a lid
Area of seating in a theater separated from others
A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
Entire amount of something inside a container
verb
To strike someone on the side of the head
To pack an object in a six-sided container
To fight with gloved hands as a sport

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

favour

US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfevɚ /

noun
What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
verb
To prefer or promote over another

principal

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

adjecitve
Being the main or most important
noun
Leading person in a group of musicians or dancers
Head teacher of a school
Original amount of money borrowed

poland

US / 'pəʊlənd /

•

UK / 'poʊlənd /

other
A republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in started World War II

spitfire

US / ˈspitˌfaiə /

•

UK / ˈspɪtˌfaɪr /

noun
Quick-tempered person; fiery person

swiftly

US / swɪftlɪ /

•

UK / ˈswɪftlɪ /

adverb
Quickly

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

bay

US / beɪ /

•

UK / be /

noun
Part of an ocean or lake partly surrounded by land

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

civilian

US / sə'vɪlɪən /

•

UK / sɪˈvɪljən /

noun
Ordinary person who is not in the army

diversion

US / daɪˈvɜ:ʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈvɚʒən, -ʃən, daɪ- /

noun
Action designed to distract attention

fighter

US / ˈfaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪtɚ /

noun
Something or someone that fights

july

US / dʒuˈlaɪ /

•

UK / dʒʊˈlaɪ /

noun
7th month of the year

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

turkey

US / ˈtɜ:ki /

•

UK / ˈtɜ:rki /

noun
Edible bird resembling a large chicken
other
An event that fails badly or is totally ineffectual
Flesh of large domesticated fowl usually roasted

brutal

US / 'bru:tl /

•

UK / ˈbrutl /

adjecitve
Extremely violent or mean

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

holland

US / 'hɒlənd /

•

UK / 'hɑlənd /

noun
A kind of smooth, durable linen fabric, used chiefly for window shades and furniture covering.
proper noun
another name for the Netherlands
A city in southwestern Michigan, noted for its Dutch heritage; population 34,076 (est. 2008).

photograph

US / ˈfəʊtəgrɑ:f /

•

UK / ˈfoʊtəgræf /

noun
Picture taken with a camera
verb
To take a picture with a camera

siege

US / si:dʒ /

•

UK / sidʒ /

noun
Surrounding an enemy to prevent them getting food

testament

US / ˈtestəmənt /

•

UK / ˈtɛstəmənt /

noun
Evidence or proof (usually of something good)

taxi

US / 'tæksɪ /

•

UK / ˈtæksi /

noun
Car that transports people for money
verb
(Plane) to move before taking off or after landing

spec

US / spek /

•

UK / spɛk /

noun
Detailed description of design criteria

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

rubber

US / 'rʌbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrʌbɚ /

noun
Material used to make tires, etc.

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

effectiveness

US / ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs /

•

UK / əˈfɛktɪvnɪs /

noun
Degree of how well something works or is done

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

export

US / ˈekspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈekspɔ:rt /

noun
When goods are sold to another country
verb
To send goods to be sold in another country

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

norway

US / ˈnɔːweɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɔrˌweɪ /

noun
A constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achi

november

US / nəʊˈvembə(r) /

•

UK / noˈvɛmbɚ /

noun
11th month of the year

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

museum

US / mjuˈzi:əm /

•

UK / mjuˈziəm /

noun
Building to display art/science/history objects

namesake

US / ˈneɪmseɪk /

•

UK / ˈnemˌsek /

noun
Someone with the same name as someone else

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

foresee

US / fɔ:'si: /

•

UK / fɔrˈsi, for- /

verb
To guess that a future thing will happen; predict

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

september

US / sepˈtembə(r) /

•

UK / sɛpˈtɛmbɚ /

noun
9th month of the year

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

trial

US / ˈtraɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

adjecitve
Being made or done as a test or experiment
noun
Hearing and judgment of a case in court
Act or process of testing or experimenting
verb
To be made or done as a test or experiment

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

october

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

•

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

noun
10th month of the year

radio

US / ˈreɪdiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪdioʊ /

adjecitve
Concerning the broadcasting of sound
noun
System of sending/receiving signals through air
Device to listen to broadcast programs, messages
verb
To broadcast a message to be heard by radio

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

ply

US / plaɪ /

•

UK / plaɪ /

verb
(Of a boat, etc.) to travel a route regularly
To work at a business or trade

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

english

US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of England
noun
Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
Person's name

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

guidance

US / ˈgaɪdns /

•

UK / ˈɡaɪdns /

noun
Advice on what to do in school, job, future
Process of controlling weapons to hit a target
Act of guiding a person or thing

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

unarmed

US / ˌʌnˈɑ:md /

•

UK / ˌʌnˈɑ:rmd /

adjecitve
Not having or using arms or weapons

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

camp

US / kæmp /

•

UK / kæmp /

noun
A (military) base
Exaggerated behavior meant to be funny
Place where people live for a short time in tents
verb
To live temporarily, e.g. in a tent or a vehicle

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

lined

US / laɪnd /

•

UK / laɪnd /

adjecitve
(Used especially of skin) with lines or wrinkles
Having material put in the inside of
verb
To put material along the inside of something

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

versatile

US / ˈvə:sətail /

•

UK / ˈvɚsətəl, -ˌtaɪl /

adjecitve
Having many uses or skills

Subtitles section

We all know the sheer terror of hearing the hype-ish whine of a Mosquito in your bedroom.

But the German Luftwaffe's Mosquito Terror, or Mosquito Schreck, brought on by the sound of twin Merlin engines, was a different kind of terror altogether.

It was a bit worse.

Manufactured by the de Havilland Aircraft Company in the UK, the Mosquito was a light bomber used by the Royal Air Force during World War II. As one of the fastest aircraft in the world at the time, it was a boon to the British war effort.

Earning the nickname the Wooden Wonder due to its unconventional design, the Mosquito has continued to inspire historians, engineers, and aviation enthusiasts in the decades since.

As the clouds of war gathered over Europe in the mid-1930s, the United Kingdom found itself in dire need of an aircraft that could boost their air defenses.

They needed a high-speed bomber that could strike swiftly and accurately, overwhelming enemy defenses with its speed and agility.

The German Luftwaffe had already shown its teeth in the beginnings of the Spanish Civil War, having supported the Nationalist advance on Madrid and the relief of the Siege of Alcazar, a major Nationalist victory in September 1936.

That same month, the British Air Ministry issued Specification P-1336, which called for a twin-engined bomber that could carry 3,000 pounds of bombs 3,000 miles at a speed of 275 miles per hour at 15,000 feet.

Oh, which for my metric friends out there is 1,400 kilograms, 4,800 kilometers at 445 kilometers per hour at 4,600 meters.

You're welcome.

And to give that a real-world perspective, that would be more than enough to go to Berlin and then get back.

The de Havilland Aircraft Company, under the guidance of its chief designer and namesake, Geoffrey de Havilland, had previous success with the Albatross, a military and civilian transport plane made out of ply and balsa wood.

He believed that he could apply the same principles to make a bomber that would exceed the P-1336 requirements.

At the time, conventional wisdom dictated that a successful bomber needed to be heavily armored and equipped with powerful defensive weapons like machine gun turrets.

However, de Havilland had a different vision in mind.

He believed that a lighter, faster aircraft with a smaller crew could achieve greater success by simply outrunning enemy fighters and anti-aircraft fire.

To do this, de Havilland opted for a predominantly wooden airframe over the usual one that was made of metal.

Plus, he envisioned removing the defensive armaments and turrets.

Not only would this make the bomber lighter, but it would decrease manufacturing time too and require fewer precious resources like aluminum and steel that de Havilland claimed would face shortages during wartime.

It would also only require a crew of two, a pilot and a navigator.

In other words, it was a wooden bomber that would make the military better prepared for the coming war.

By October 1939, with World War II fully underway, de Havilland had narrowed down the design to what later became known as the DH-98.

Using twin Merlin engines, the light bomber would have a wingspan of just 51 feet 16 meters, a far cry from the 141 feet or 43 meters of the B-29 Superfortress, the largest bomber utilized in World War II. It also included a 20mm cannon in the front half of the bomb bay,

Something de Havilland reluctantly let his design leader, Eric Bishop, add on to give the plane just a touch of versatility.

This design was met with skepticism by many in the British Air Ministry, who questioned its durability and effectiveness.

Instead, they preferred a conventional bomber with heavy armor and more versatility that could be used for reconnaissance as well.

They didn't believe a bomber could outrun German fighters, which they foresaw increasing in speed over the course of the war, and they wanted more gun turrets for defense, as well as space for a third crewman as relief on long flights.

But de Havilland simply ignored those concerns.

Aside from drawing a couple of mock-ups showing what the DH-98 would look like with gun turrets, he and his team didn't change anything and continued with their plans.

These plans eventually gained favor with the then Air Chief Marshal Wilfred Freeman, who convinced the Air Ministry to drop the requirements for defensive armaments, instead replacing them with stipulations for a high-speed light reconnaissance bomber that could fly at speeds of 400 mph or 645 km per hour at 18,000 feet or 3,500 meters.

As a result, then Minister of Air Production Lord Beaverbrook nicknamed the plane Freeman's Folly.

Nevertheless, after de Havilland presented the Royal Air Force and the Air Ministry with a full-scale mock-up in Hatfield at the end of December 1939, they agreed to back the project.

On New Year's Day, 1940, the RAF ordered a single prototype and, two months later, on the 1st of March, they issued a contract for 50 DH-98s, which received the name Mosquito shortly after.

Despite delays due to the battles of Dunkirk and Britain, de Havilland's engineers worked tirelessly on the Mosquito at Salisbury Hall in Shenley, now the de Havilland Aircraft Museum, to fulfill their promise of 50 aircraft by December 1941.

Because the Battle of Britain and its brutal dogfights in English airspace had convinced the RAF that fighters were a top priority, they modified the order to 20 bombers and 30 fighter variants.

Consequently, Salisbury Hall turned out three prototypes, the first of which was ready for test flights in November 1940.

With two two-speed, single-stage, supercharged Merlin 21 engines installed, Geoffrey de Havilland Jr., the founder's son, started taxiing trials on the 24th of November.

Joined by John E. Walker the next day, the Mosquito took to the air for the first time.

The flight was a success, with only minor adjustments required.

Further trial flights at RAF Boscombe Down in 1941 proved the Mosquito's value when it outperformed the Spitfire Mark II. While the Spitfire hit a top speed of 360 mph, or 580 km per hour, at an altitude of 19,500 feet,

Or 5,900 meters, the Mosquito reached 392 mph, or 631 km per hour, at an impressive altitude of 22,000 feet, or 6,700 meters.

De Havilland continued tweaking the prototype, including mounting four .303 Browning machine guns and four 20mm Hispano Mark II cannons to arm the fighter variants.

Finally, in June 1941, the Air Ministry authorized mass production, recognizing that the Mosquito would be one of the fastest in the world.

They ordered 19 photo reconnaissance models, 176 fighters, and 50 unarmed fast bombers.

In July 1941, De Havilland delivered the first production Mosquito to No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit, or PRU, at RAF Benson in South Oxfordshire.

It was followed by two more before the first sortie with the plane in September 1941.

This recon mission flew over the Biscay coasts of France, during which the pilot successfully evaded three German Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters at 23,000 feet, 7,000 meters.

Recognizing the agile plane's usefulness for reconnaissance, the RAF sent three more to Scotland to perform missions over Norway.

By the end of the war, the RAF increased the PR Mosquito's range by removing all armor and putting an extra fuel tank in the bomb bay.

This allowed it to conduct photo reconnaissance missions in Poland and even over the Pacific.

Perhaps the most famous of the Mosquito's photo reconnaissance missions, 60 Squadron of the South African Air Force, based out of United States Army Air Force Station in San Severo, Italy, flew a Mosquito over Poland in April 1944 to photograph German rubber factories.

The images this aircraft brought back showed rows of people lined up next to towering chimneys.

Having unwittingly recorded the atrocities at the Auschwitz concentration camp, this became the first photographic evidence of the Holocaust.

The Mosquito was a superb reconnaissance aircraft, not just because it was faster and more agile than its enemy counterparts, but also because its wooden design was much harder for radar to detect than conventional metal frames.

This also made it a great pathfinder for RAF Bomber Command, marking targets for larger bomber squadrons with flares.

Number 8 Pathfinder Force Group used their first Mosquitoes in December 1942, operating out of RAF Witten near Cambridgeshire.

Six Mosquito B-9s with 109 Squadron located and bombed a power station at Lutterad in Holland.

109 Squadron followed on this success by marking targets for a bombing raid executed by 8 Lancasters, the RAF's principal strategic heavy bomber.

Mosquito B-9s went on to become a central part of RAF's light night striking force.

They marked small but vital factories for heavy bombers, and also acted as a diversion, drawing enemy anti-aircraft fire and fighter aircraft.

It was one of these Mosquito B-9s that set the record for the most combat missions by any Allied bomber during World War II. With 213 sorties, LR-503, nicknamed F for Freddy, served with 109 Squadron as well as 105 Squadron.

It crashed on May 10, 1945, killing both the pilot, Flight Lieutenant Maurice Briggs, and the navigator, Flight Lieutenant John Baker.

Moreover, the Mosquito proved to be an incredibly versatile aircraft.

In addition to reconnaissance and pathfinding, the RAF used it for bombing, fighting, and bomber fighting.

For example, with previous bomber missions having suffered considerable losses to Luftwaffe night raids, RAF decided to use Mosquitoes to support bombing raids over Germany.

Starting with the Battle of Berlin, 100 Group took on German Messerschmitts while heavy bombers attacked the Nazi capital.

By the end of the war, 100 Group had downed 258 Luftwaffe planes while losing only 70 Mosquitoes.

In our opinion, though, the coolest Mosquito mission was actually just a standard bombing raid.

On the 30th of January, 1943, before the full-scale Battle of Berlin, three Mosquitoes with 105 Squadron carried out a daylight attack on the main radio broadcasting station in Berlin.

Seemingly a minor target, the operation was designed to be a major blow to German and Nazi morale.

That morning, Head of the Luftwaffe, Reichsmarshal Hermann Goering, and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels were set to give speeches commemorating the 10th anniversary of Hitler's election as Chancellor and the Nazis' ascension to power.

Goering had previously claimed that the Allies could never pull off such a daring attack right over the airspace of the capital, but the Mosquitoes made him eat his words and kept him off the air for over an hour.

Furious, he was later quoted as saying that the Mosquito made him green and yellow with envy.

As fighters, it's estimated that Mosquitoes downed over 600 enemy aircraft.

They proved crucial for RAF operations, particularly strategic bombing over Germany and occupied territory.

A total of 7,781 Mosquitoes were produced, 6,710 built during WWII.

The lion's share of these came out of the de Havilland Hatfield site in Hertfordshire, but there were also planes produced in factories around Britain as well as in Canada and Australia.

De Havilland made many different variants of the Mosquito, so it's difficult to pin down specs.

However, one of the most advanced models, the B-16, was over 44 feet long with a wingspan of over 54 feet, about 13 meters and 60 meters, respectively.

When empty, it weighed 14,300 pounds, or 6,500 kilograms, making it 25% lighter than a modern F-16.

It used one Rolls-Royce Merlin 76 V-12 engine and another Merlin 77 engine to reach speeds of 415 mph, 668 km per hour, at an altitude of 28,000 feet, or 8,500 meters.

It could travel 1,300 miles, or 2,100 kilometers.

And it had teeth, too.

In addition to the four 7.7mm Browning machine guns and four 20mm Hispano cannons, it could carry two tons, or 1,800 kilograms, of bombs.

After World War II, the RAF continued to use the Mosquitoes until 1950, and many were exported to other countries, mostly European allies like Belgium, France, and Norway, but also other nations like Israel,

Yugoslavia, and Turkey.

De Havilland even delivered one to the Soviet Union.

Most notably, Canada exported 250 of the planes to Nationalist China for use in the Chinese Civil War against Communist forces.

Nearly all Mosquitoes that weren't lost in World War II have since been destroyed in other conflicts, involved in civilian accidents, or otherwise scrapped.

But 30 remain, four of which can still fly.

One of the airworthy planes is in Canada, the other three are in the US. The rest of the Mosquitoes can be found in museums and private collections around the world.

Many are under restoration in hopes that they can one day increase the small number of still-operational aircraft.

Regardless, even as museum exhibits, they stand as a testament to innovation and adaptability, and a reminder for modern engineers to think outside the box.

After all, thanks to a little unconventional wisdom, the Wooden Wonder had a profound effect on the course of World War II, and, of course, history itself.