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The End of Encryption with Michio Kaku and Neil deGrasse Tyson

Original YouTube Video | StarTalk Published on 2023-06-27 Level：1 Speed：39 maxwordlevel：28

Video vocabulary

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

nutrient

US / ˈnju:triənt /

•

UK / ˈnutriənt /

noun
A chemical living things needs to be healthy

traditional

US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Involved in a custom or event common to a people

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

hello

US / hə'ləʊ /

•

UK / hɛˈlo, hə- /

exclamation
What you say when you meet someone

purchase

US / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

•

UK / ˈpɜːrtʃəs /

noun
Something that you bought
Strong hold on something; grip
verb
To buy something; to get by paying money for it

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

haven

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Place where people can feel safe and happy

foundational

US / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

•

UK / faʊn'deɪʃənəl /

adjecitve
Being the base or important starting point

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

neural

US / ˈnjuərəl /

•

UK / ˈnʊrəl, ˈnjʊr- /

adjecitve
About the nerves or nervous system

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

wealthy

US / ˈwelθi /

•

UK / ˈwɛlθi /

adjecitve
Having a great quantity of money or property

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

winnie

US / ˈwɪni /

•

UK / ˈwɪni /

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

unite

US / juˈnaɪt /

•

UK / juˈnaɪt /

verb
To join or come together for the same goal

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

thumb

US / θʌm /

•

UK / θʌm /

noun
Part of a glove that goes over the thumb
The short, thick finger on the side of your hand
verb
To use your thumb to request a ride in a car
To casually look through a book, magazine etc.

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

initially

US / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

adverb
At first; originally

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

competition

US / ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Fighting against others to win something

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

teenager

US / ˈti:neɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtinˌedʒɚ /

noun
Person between the ages of 13 and 19

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

honest

US / ˈɒnɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪst /

adjecitve
Good, truthful, sincere, or faithful; trustworthy

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

supremacy

US / su:ˈpreməsi /

•

UK / sʊˈprɛməsi /

noun
State of being greatest or best possible

busy

US / 'bɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɪzi /

adjecitve
Working hard doing something; full of activity
verb
To actively be occupied with doing something

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

trust

US / trʌst /

•

UK / trʌst /

noun
Wealth or property held by one person for another
The belief that someone is honest
Care or responsibility of a person
verb
To expect confidently
To have confidence or faith
To be confident someone is honest and reliable
To believe someone to be honest and reliable

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

blow

US / bləʊ /

•

UK / blo /

noun
Something that causes you difficulty or sadness
Act of making air come out of your mouth
A hit or strike from an object
verb
To move something using air
To make air come quickly out of your mouth
To clear something by forcing air through it

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

tyson

US / ˈtaɪsən /

•

UK / /

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

projection

US / prəˈdʒekʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkʃən /

noun
A prediction; guess about future developments
An image on a screen
A part that sticks out

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

lastly

US / ˈlɑ:stli /

•

UK / ˈlæstli /

adverb
In conclusion; at the final part of something

triangle

US / ˈtraɪæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪˌæŋɡəl /

noun
Three people connected with each in a relationship
A three-sided piece of metal used in orchestras
A closed shape with three straight sides

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

kick

US / kɪk /

•

UK / kɪk /

noun
Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
verb
To hit or move something with the foot

patriotic

US / ˌpeɪtriˈɒtɪk /

•

UK / ˌpeɪtriˈɑ:tɪk /

adjecitve
Having a great love for your country

corporation

US / ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn /

noun
Big company or a combination of several companies

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

partner

US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

noun
One you have a business/personal relationship with
Someone you have personal relationship with
verb
To join with others for work or other activity

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

starter

US / ˈstɑ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈstɑ:rtə(r) /

noun
Electric motor for starting an engine
First part of a big meal, e.g. soup or salad

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

florida

US / 'flɒrɪdə /

•

UK / 'flɔ:rədə /

noun
A state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confed

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

implant

US / ɪmˈplɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɪmˈplænt /

noun
Medical material, thing to improve the teeth, body
verb
To put something into, an idea in someone's mind
To put medical material in, as to improve teeth

supplement

US / 'sʌplɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈsʌpləmənt /

noun
Added extra to support or make something complete
Vitamins, etc. added to diet for health reasons
Additional section, e.g. of a newspaper
verb
To add extra to support or make something complete

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

plasma

US / ˈplæzmə /

•

UK / ˈplæzmə /

noun
Substance in which the blood cells are carried
Gas-like substance with little electric charge

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

landfall

US / ˈlændfɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈlændˌfɔl /

noun
Seacoast first sighted on a voyage or flight

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

dial

US / 'daɪəl /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəl /

noun
Face of a clock that shows the time
A knob or switch
verb
To call a person or place on a telephone

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

crown

US / kraʊn /

•

UK / kraʊn /

noun
A gold ring put on a King or Queen’s head
An artificial cap on a tooth
Top part of something
other
To put a crown on to make someone a king/queen
verb
To officially give someone the winners title
To be made king or queen of a country
To be at the top of something

qubit

US / /

•

UK / /

other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

compute

US / kəm'pju:t /

•

UK / kəmˈpjut /

verb
To find out by calculating or estimating

pond

US / pɒnd /

•

UK / pɑ:nd /

noun
Pool of water that is smaller than a lake

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

toss

US / tɒs /

•

UK / tɔ:s /

verb
To throw something into the air, e.g. casually

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

nutritional

US / njʊ'trɪʃənl /

•

UK / njuˈtrɪʃənl: /

adjecitve
(Of foods) having positive effects on your health

bomber

US / ˈbɒmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɑmɚ /

noun
Military aircraft that drops bombs during flight

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

copyright

US / 'kɒpɪraɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑpiˌraɪt /

noun
Legal right to own and distribute a creative work
verb
To obtain the legal right to own a creative work

production

US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

•

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

noun
Process of producing or growing food naturally
Process of making something on a large scale
Process of making a movie or TV show

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

surely

US / ˈʃʊəli /

•

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

adverb
With certainty; definitely

divide

US / dɪ'vaɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈvaɪd /

verb
To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
To separate something into equal pieces

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

nsf

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
National Science Foundation.

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

patent

US / ˈpætnt /

•

UK / ˈpætnt /

adjecitve
(E.g. of a lie) clear and obvious what it is
noun
Legal protection for inventions or ideas
verb
To obtain legal protection for inventions or ideas

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

regulation

US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

noun
Act of controlling something with rules or orders
other

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

astrophysicist

US / ˌæstrəʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

•

UK / ˌæstroʊ'fɪzɪsɪst /

noun
Astronomer who studies the physical and chemical properties of objects in space

euro

US / ˈjʊərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈjʊroʊ /

noun
The unit of money of the European Union

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

wristwatch

US / ˈrɪstwɒtʃ /

•

UK / ˈrɪstwɑ:tʃ /

noun
Watch that is worn strapped to the wrist

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

visit

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

•

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

noun
Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
verb
To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

dell

US / del /

•

UK / dɛl /

noun
Small wooded hollow in some land; small valley

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

flick

US / flɪk /

•

UK / flɪk /

noun
Hitting something with your finger to move it
verb
To hit something with your finger to move it
To move a button, switch from on, off positions

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

wheel

US / wi:l /

•

UK / wi:l /

noun
Round thing that rolls, used for moving things
verb
To move something which has wheels or is on wheels
To turn or cause to turn something in a circle

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

publish

US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

verb
To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
To release information to the general public

avatar

US / 'ævətɑ:(r) /

•

UK / 'ævətɑ:r /

noun
An online character that represents who you are

weather

US / 'weðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɛðɚ /

noun
Whether it is raining, sunny, cold etc. outside
verb
To successfully deal with a difficult situation
To erode or become damaged due to the environment

blink

US / blɪŋk /

•

UK / blɪŋk /

verb
To close and open one or both of the eyes rapidly

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

gavin

US / ˈgævl /

•

UK / ˈɡævəl /

quantum

US / ˈkwɒntəm /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:ntəm /

noun
The smallest unit or amount of energy

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

border

US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

noun
Outer part or edge of something
Line separating one country, state from another
verb
To be right next to another country or state
To form the edge of something
To form the edge of (road, etc.)

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

wrap

US / ræp /

•

UK / ræp /

noun
Piece of clothing worn loosely on the shoulders
Thin bread filled with food and rolled
verb
To be or move around something
To cover something with paper or a cloth e.g. gift

title

US / 'taɪtl /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

noun
Book produced by a publisher
Name given to something to identify or describe it
Name showing profession, marriage or social status
(Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
verb
To give a name to identify or describe something

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

individual

US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

•

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

adjecitve
Made for use by one single person
Having a distinct manner different from others
noun
Single person, looked at separately from others

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

consumer

US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

noun
Person who buys goods or services

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

joke

US / dʒəʊk /

•

UK / dʒoʊk /

noun
A funny or amusing statement
Something or someone not taken seriously
verb
To say or do things that are meant to be funny

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

zillion

US / ˈzɪljən /

•

UK / ˈzɪljən /

noun
Very large indeterminate number

equation

US / ɪˈkweɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

approve

US / əˈpru:v /

•

UK / əˈpruv /

verb
To formally accept something or grant permission
To have a positive opinion of someone or something

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

lonely

US / ˈləʊnli /

•

UK / ˈloʊnli /

adjecitve
Sad because apart from other people
Being far away and rarely visited by people

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

technique

US / tekˈni:k /

•

UK / tɛkˈnik /

noun
Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

nice

US / naɪs /

•

UK / naɪs /

adjecitve
Being attractive or of high quality or value
Good or enjoyable
Being kind or friendly

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

digit

US / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪt /

noun
Person's finger or toe
Written symbol of the numbers from 0 to 9

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

exponentially

US / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

adverb
(Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

certify

US / ˈsɜ:tɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rtɪfaɪ /

verb
To approve someone as authorized, valid
To confirm the truth or reality of something

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

walmart

US / ˈwɔlˌmɑrt /

•

UK / /

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

upstate

US / ˌʌpˈsteɪt /

•

UK / ˈʌpˌstet /

adverb
In or toward the northern parts of a state

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

introduce

US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

•

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To open an essay to set the scene
To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
To begin the use of a new thing or practice
To make someone known to another by name
To insert or put something inside another thing

professor

US / prəˈfesə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

noun
Teacher who teaches at a college or university

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

bajillion

US / /

•

UK / /

cardinal number
An extremely large number (used for emphasis)

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

len

US / ˈlemɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈlɛmɪŋ /

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

log

US / lɒg /

•

UK / lɔ:g /

noun
Detailed account of events and progress on journey
Piece of a tree that has fallen or been cut
verb
To move a certain distance or speed, as recorded
To leave a website or computer account
To record something in an official account
To cut trees down and take the wood to use it

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

milk

US / mɪlk /

•

UK / mɪlk /

noun
White liquid produced by females to feed babies
verb
To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
To take as much from a person/situation as you can

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

jar

US / dʒɑ:(r) /

•

UK / dʒɑr /

noun
Glass container for foods
verb
To have a harsh or unsettling effect on someone
To make a harsh sound to the ears

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

strict

US / strɪkt /

•

UK / strɪkt /

adjecitve
Tending to enforce rules; severe
(Of orders) that must be obeyed

college

US / 'kɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / 'kɑːlɪdʒ /

noun
School or educational institution for adults

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

carolina

US / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

•

UK / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

noun
Area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

connection

US / kəˈnekʃn /

•

UK / kəˈnɛkʃən /

noun
Something that joins things together; being joined
Person you know who can help you in some way
Changing vehicles when traveling

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

monitor

US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /

noun
A senior student at school
Electronic screen on which you can see images
verb
To observe and keep a record of something

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

professional

US / prə'feʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

adjecitve
Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
noun
Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

slash

US / slæʃ /

•

UK / slæʃ /

noun
Line ( / ) used in writing
Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
verb
To cut violently with a sharp object
To decrease something by a large amount

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

manipulate

US / mə'nɪpjʊleɪt /

•

UK / məˈnɪpjəˌlet /

verb
To try to control others to gain an advantage
To handle or work in a skillful manner

degrasse

US / ə'təʊn /

•

UK / əˈton /

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

chuck

US / tʃʌk /

•

UK / tʃʌk /

noun
Person's name
verb
To throw carelessly or casually

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

trajectory

US / trə'dʒektərɪ /

•

UK / trəˈdʒɛktəri /

noun
The path followed by a flying object

mess

US / mes /

•

UK / mɛs /

noun
Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
verb
To make something untidy or dirty

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

precision

US / prɪˈsɪʒn /

•

UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /

adjecitve
Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
noun
Quality of being very accurate and exact

hail

US / heɪl /

•

UK / hel /

noun
Small hard pieces of ice from rain storms
Bullets, stones etc. flying through the air
verb
To speak of something with admiration/excitement
To call out to (taxi) to get it to pick you up
To fly, fall together through the air
Used to say that hail is falling

anybody

US / ˈenibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

pronoun
Any person; anyone

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

jewel

US / 'dʒu:əl /

•

UK / ˈdʒuəl /

noun
Precious stone like a diamond; gem

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

ingredient

US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /

noun
Food item used when making a meal or drink
Quality necessary to be something to work well

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

ultra

US / 'ʌltrə /

•

UK / 'ʌltrə /

prefix
Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

molecular

US / mə'lekjələ(r) /

•

UK / məˈlɛkjəlɚ /

adjecitve
About or caused by molecules

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

wow

US / waʊ /

•

UK / waʊ /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make are impressed
verb
(Informal) to greatly impress someone

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

factorize

US / ˈfæktəraɪz /

•

UK / ˈfæktəraɪz /

verb
Resolve (a polynomial) into factors

theoretical

US / ˌθɪəˈretɪkl /

•

UK / ˌθiəˈrɛtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the unproved aspects of a subject

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

bourne

US / bʊən /

•

UK / bɔ:n /

noun
A small stream, especially one that flows intermittently or seasonally.
A limit or boundary.

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

invent

US / ɪnˈvent /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

verb
To create something such as a story or excuse
To create something useful for the first time

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

continent

US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

noun
Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

noun
High-level educational institution; college

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

protocol

US / 'prəʊtəkɒl /

•

UK / ˈprotəˌkɔl, -ˌkol, -ˌkɑl /

noun
Written agreement between countries
Set of rules computers use to exchange data
Set of rules regarding correct procedure

pooh

US / pu: /

•

UK / pu /

noun
Feces
verb
To defecate

password

US / 'pɑ:swɜ:d /

•

UK / ˈpæsˌwə:d /

noun
Secret phrase allowing you to get access

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

assumption

US / ə'sʌmpʃn /

•

UK / əˈsʌmpʃən /

noun
Something you believe to be so, but aren't sure of

diverge

US / daɪˈvɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / daɪˈvɜ:rdʒ /

verb
To move away from, in a different direction
To think or feel differently about something

identify

US / aɪ'dentɪfaɪ /

•

UK / aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ /

verb
To indicate who or what someone or something is

cube

US / kju:b /

•

UK / kjub /

noun
Solid object that has six square sides
verb
To cut food into the shape of small cubes
To multiply a number by itself three times

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

lucky

US / 'lʌkɪ /

•

UK / ˈlʌki /

adjecitve
Fortunate; having good things happen by chance

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

humanity

US / hju:ˈmænəti /

•

UK / hjuˈmænɪti /

noun
Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
Human race as one group of people

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

cia

US / ˌsiː aɪ ˈeɪ /

•

UK / ˌsiː aɪ ˈeɪ /

abbreviation
Central Intelligence Agency.

stress

US / stres /

•

UK / strɛs /

noun
Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
Pressure on something or someone
A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
verb
To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
To put pressure on something or someone
To say your opinion strongly
To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

predict

US / prɪ'dɪkt /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

verb
To guess or estimate what will or might happen

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

trump

US / trʌmp /

•

UK / trʌmp /

noun
Any playing card of a suit that outranks another
verb
To gain an advantage over others

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

colleague

US / 'kɒli:ɡ /

•

UK / ˈkɑlˌiɡ /

noun
Person you work or cooperate with

patreon

US / 'peɪʃənts /

•

UK / 'peɪʃənts /

climate

US / ˈklaɪmət /

•

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

fit

US / fɪt /

•

UK / fɪt /

adjecitve
Good looking; physically attractive
Proper or acceptable; morally or socially correct
noun
Sudden loss of body control; attack (of crying)
verb
To install a machine, equipment etc.
To adjust or change to the right size or shape
To be the right size and shape that you want

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

relative

US / ˈrelətɪv /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

adjecitve
Measured or considered in comparison to another
(Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
noun
Members of the family
Humans or animals sharing the same family history

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

consciousness

US / 'kɒnʃəsnəs /

•

UK / ˈkɑnʃəsnɪs /

noun
Process by which thoughts, ideas are processed

pack

US / pæk /

•

UK / pæk /

noun
Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
Group of people, animals, or objects
verb
To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
To crowd a place with a large amount of things
To put something into a container to store it

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

chop

US / tʃɒp /

•

UK / tʃɑp /

noun
A hit with the hand in a sideways motion
Thick slice of meat still attached to a bone
verb
To cut into pieces with an up and down motion
To hit someone with your hand

infinitely

US / ˈɪnfɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈɪnfənɪtlɪ /

adverb
Continuing forever without end; very great

daniel

US / 'dænjəl /

•

UK / 'dænjəl /

noun
(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection w
other
A wise and upright judge
An Old Testament book that tells of the apocalyptic visions and the experiences of Daniel in the cou

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

scoop

US / sku:p /

•

UK / skup /

noun
An amount of e.g. ice cream taken from a whole
An important news story broken for the first time
verb
To dig out for a hole with a tool or hands

advantage

US / əd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ædˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
Thing making the chance of success higher
A positive point about something

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

mood

US / mu:d /

•

UK / mud /

noun
Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

almond

US / ˈɑ:mənd /

•

UK / ˈɑmənd /

noun
Type of long flat nut

star

US / stɑ:(r) /

•

UK / stɑr /

noun
Very famous person, usually an entertainer
Someone who does something very well
Your horoscope
A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
verb
To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
To do something very well
To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

internet

US / ˈɪn.tə.net /

•

UK / ˋɪntɚ͵nɛt /

noun
Worldwide computer network system

nerve

US / nə:v /

•

UK / nɚv /

noun
Fibers in the body that enable feeling, movement
Courage to do something that is difficult or risky

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

interested

US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

adjecitve
Having had your attention taken; curious
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

audacious

US / ɔ:ˈdeɪʃəs /

•

UK / ɔˈdeʃəs /

adjecitve
Fearless, brave and daring

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

replenish

US / rɪ'plenɪʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈplɛnɪʃ /

verb
To fill up again

planet

US / 'plænɪt /

•

UK / ˈplænɪt /

noun
One of the bodies that orbit the sun

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

interruption

US / ˌɪntə'rʌpʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən /

noun
Act of causing a break in something continuous

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

sport

US / spɔ:t /

•

UK / spɔː(r)t /

noun
Something that is done for fun, e.g. football
Game or physical exercise with rules
Someone with a good attitude when things go badly
verb
To do something for fun, e.g. playing with animals
To wear, or show something off by wearing it

hood

US / hʊd /

•

UK / hʊd /

noun
Front part of the car that covers the engine
A head covering attached to a cape, sweater etc.

usually

US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

adverb
Normally; regularly

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

fairness

US / ˈfeənəs /

•

UK / ˈfernəs /

noun
Situation when everyone is treated equally

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

factorization

US / ˌfæktəraɪˈzeɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌfæktərəˈzeɪʃən /

noun
Resolution of an entity into factors such that when multiplied together they give the original entit

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

stone

US / stəʊn /

•

UK / stoʊn /

noun
Hard, solid piece of rock
verb
To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

physics

US / ˈfɪzɪks /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪks /

other
The study of heat, light, and energy on objects

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

hmm

US / m /

•

UK / m /

exclamation
Sound people make when they are confused

cloud

US / klaʊd /

•

UK / klaʊd /

noun
A mass of smoke or mist hanging in the air
verb
To confuse the mind/judgment of a person
(Of the sky) to get darker and fill with clouds
To make (glass, etc.) difficult to see through
To make an activity less pleasant or enjoyable
(Of person's face, etc.) to show worry/anger

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

nobody

US / ˈnəʊbədi /

•

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

pronoun
No person; no one; not any person

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

powerful

US / ˈpauəful /

•

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

adjecitve
Having control or influence over
Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

credit

US / 'kredɪt /

•

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

adjecitve
Having a positive amount of money
noun
System to buy something and pay for it later
Points earned instead of money
Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
Points earned towards a university degree
verb
To add a certain amount of money to a total
To recognize someone's achievements or help

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

vancouver

US / vænˈkuːvə(r) /

•

UK / vænˈkuːvər /

proper noun
A city and port in British Columbia, in southwestern Canada, on the mainland opposite Vancouver Isla
An industrial port city in southwestern Washington, on the Columbia River, north of Portland in Oreg

hologram

US / ˈhɒləgræm /

•

UK / ˈhɑləˌɡræm, ˈholə- /

noun
Three-dimensional image formed by light

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

Subtitles section

This is Star Talk.

Neil deGrasse Tyson here, your personal astrophysicist.

I've got with me my co host, Chuck Nice.

And together we welcome my friend and colleague, Michio Kaku, who's a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York.

And he just published a book titled Quantum Supremacy.

And we're taking questions from our Patreon members.

Chuck, what's the first question up that you got?

All right, here's Daniel Kulakowski, or Kulakowski, that's probably Daniel Kulakowski, who says, hello, Dr. Tyson, Dr. Kaku, and I will assume Lord Nice.

From the research triangle of North Carolina, I hail, and I would like to ask, what would you say is the biggest national security consideration

of quantum computing technology.

Oh, I love it.

Yeah, good.

All right.

What do you got going there?

Well, the biggest national security question about quantum computers is the fact that the CIA would be put out of business, all security people would be fired, because all the secrets, all the secrets would be open to anybody with a quantum computer.

Any teenager with a quantum computer would be able to tap into, you know, the crown jewels of any security company.

Wait, wait, let me try to log into my own bank account.

If I get the password wrong three times,

it locks me out and I have to call in to get re established.

So how is it that a quantum computer can get into my bank account by testing a billion zillion squillion passwords and I can't because I mess up, I got fat thumbs three times in a row?

Well, if you want to break into a computer of a bank, the first thing the computer asks you for is to factorize this number.

This number has maybe a hundred digits.

And how long will it take you to factorize a number with a hundred digits?

A few thousand years.

So in other words, yeah, you could break into a regular bank, but it would take a few thousand years to do that.

With a quantum computer, you could do that with the flick of a dial.

That's the power, because the computer asks you, please factorize this number.

If you can do that... Wait, no computer has ever asked me to do that.

Are you saying that's happening under the hood?

If that were the starter question, nobody would have any access to any computer at all.

So is that just happening under the hood?

And by the way, that's why I never turn on my two factor.

Oh, you're worried you'll get locked out?

If you have a password of, let's say, six digits, how long would it take for a computer to go through every single one of those six digits?

This is my point.

When I mess up three times, I'm locked out for an hour, all right?

So why do I believe that it can blow through a bajillion, squillion attempts and then get in?

Why should I believe that?

Because this is not how the average person gets into a site.

This is how the banks

monitor who comes into the site.

This is what the big boys do when they start to talk to each other.

They don't use these little passwords.

They use factorization.

That's under the hood.

It's under the hood.

Okay.

So, all right.

No, but maybe it's not that the CIA will go out of business or all security will go out of business.

It's that we came up with this security protocol knowing it was out of reach of traditional computing.

So surely there's another security protocol where quantum computing would take a thousand years, isn't there, or not?

Well, so far the highest level of security is done by factorization.

Some banks talk to each other.

It was invented because we knew it was hard for computers.

So you're smart, come up with something else.

What would come after factorization?

Here's a better question.

How would I stop a quantum computer from getting into my stuff?

Right.

With a gun.

Okay.

This is America.

We'll stop you at the front steps.

That's the most patriotic answer you can have.

So, Michio, it just seems to me we have smart people out there.

They come up with some other task.

that would be damn near impossible or forever task even for quantum computers.

It's bound to be something, right?

If you could find it and patent it or copyright it, you'd be a rich man right now.

Okay, because it's the early days, right?

You realize the world economy rests on the answer to this question?

The world economy.

Oh, wow.

Okay.

You can break into anything you want if you had a way to get around some of these protocols.

So now we know what the real motivation for this race is.

Now we know what it is.

It's money.

He who rules the quantum computer rules the world.

Rules the world economy.

That's crazy.

That's why people work on it.

That's why he wrote the book.

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This is your book, Quantum Supremacy.

That's the title of your damn book.

Quantum Supremacy.

That's right.

How quantum computing will change everything.

Wow.

All right.

Chuck, you got another question?

This is Gavin Bomber from North Vancouver.

And he says, hello, and please visit.

He's lonely up there.

I don't know.

Exactly.

If anyone identifies their location in Canada as north of anything, it's got to be cold and lonely.

Yeah.

Because most of the Canadian population is like right at the border.

with the United States.

He's North Vancouver.

All right.

He says, how is quantum computing going to be used to help solve the climate crisis?

Oh, I like that.

That's a really great one.

Good one.

Michio, what are we not being able to compute that quantum computing will do for us?

Will it make better weather models?

Better climate models?

That's one thing.

Realize that when you model the Earth, how do you model the planet Earth?

You divide the atmosphere into cubes.

And then you calculate the weather in each cube, and then you average it over the entire Earth.

That's how you calculate the weather of the future.

Now, how big is each cube?

Each cube is several miles across.

Now you say to yourself, what?

If each data point is a few miles across, you can't trust any of these results.

And that's the problem.

Well, that's because something could be happening at the edge of the mile, and they'll average it into where you are, and it won't apply.

Okay, so that means you want smaller cubes.

Smaller cubes, that's right.

That's where quantum computers comes in, because they are infinitely more powerful.

The things that they manipulate are not zeros and ones for each ten mile cube.

No, they are infinitely small.

And so now you begin to realize the power of this technique.

We're going down to the molecular scale.

We're going down to a scale that is unreachable with digital computers.

So Eeyore was ahead of his time.

Do you remember Eeyore?

Eeyore from Winnie the Pooh the Donkey.

I think it's Eeyore.

He has a cloud that's raining just over him.

Yeah.

So whatever the weather modeling, the cube is small enough to just affect the donkey and nobody else.

That's the kind of weather precision you're talking about here.

Right.

And you know, when a hurricane is about to hit Florida, they have all the projections of where it's going to hit landfall, and then you see all the different kinds of trajectories.

They're way off.

And these are the best computers that we have.

In all fairness, they start close to each other, and then they diverge over time.

How reliable is that?

With a quantum computer, you should be able to get much, much better numbers because of the fact that each cube that you're averaging over is not ten miles across, but maybe a few feet across.

Wow my favorite Trump joke ever was That Trump only got interested in climate change and and whether when he found out that they model that the Hurricane used European models

That's actually a good joke.

That's a good joke.

That's a good joke, yeah.

I don't take credit for that.

So, Michio, the Europeans had different computing power or different ideas about how weather systems would operate relative to we here across the pond?

Each computer program has a different way of chopping up the earth in terms of cubes.

and then within each cube using equations to model the weather in each individual cube, and then lastly, to then wrap all these cubes together to get the weather of the entire Earth.

That's a lot of assumptions, that's a lot of models, and that's why we can never predict the exact path of a hurricane.

You see that every time.

I just wouldn't have thought that a continent would have its own set of models relative to another continent, that's all.

That seemed kind of provincial to me.

Well, you got it.

The Euro model.

Digital computers are very provincial.

All right, Michio, it's great we got your book out.

Quantum Supremacy.

Audacious of you to title it that.

I mean, I don't want that to be true, but we know that's what it's about.

We know.

We're just being honest.

That's the name of the game.

It's better than the Bourne Supremacy.

Good for you.

Chuck, one last question, see if we can fit one in.

All right.

This is David.

Hey, David here from upstate New York.

Hi to all.

I don't think Dell and HP will be selling quantum computers at Walmart any time soon, and that's what concerns me the most.

Quantum computing will most likely be used by large corporations and governments and the ultra wealthy.

between AI and advanced quantum computing, can you describe one benefit it will bring to me, the average person?

Do you think it will unite humanity, divide us further into havens and haves and have nots?

Please

Thank you in advance.

Well, all technologies, when they are first invented, usually benefit the people who invested in it, which are usually wealthy people, people with connections.

But then mass production kicks in, competition kicks in, prices start to go down as a consequence.

But every technology, name them all, going back to the Stone Age,

The first people to introduce technologies had the advantage, and they used it to get rich or to be powerful.

It is true, Michio.

Wheels are pretty cheap today.

Right.

Same thing with quantum computers.

Eventually, we'll all have a chip.

For example, in our contact lens, we'll have a connection to the Internet in the cloud.

The quantum computers will be in the cloud, and you will access it with your wristwatch, your contact lens, you'll blink, and then you'll have access to the computing power.

Or the implant, or the neural implant.

Or the neural implant, that's right.

You simply think, and you get access to a quantum computer.

But first, initially, yeah, it's going to be the big banks and the CIA and people like that that'll be jumping on the computer

a quantum computer bandwagon.

But then prices will begin to drop because of competition, mass production.

And they've always dropped for everything else, so that's the reason why you say that.

That's right.

And how quickly?

Is this ten years from now?

Twenty years?

Five years?

Well, right now, we already have achieved quantum supremacy.

That's already been achieved.

But not for general questions.

That's what we want.

An all purpose quantum computer for any general question.

That'll take maybe another ten years.

Another ten years.

But we're going exponentially fast.

We're up to a thousand qubits now.

That was unheard of.

If you were to talk to somebody just ten years ago, they'd shake their heads.

What?

You'd be lucky to have four or five qubits.

Now we're up to a thousand.

Eventually we'll be up to a million.

All right, and then when you come back on the show, you will be an animatronic hologram.

And it'd just be his consciousness inside of some kind of plasma cloud.

Or just a jar.

Or I'll be an avatar.

So that was just a taste of a much longer conversation StarTalk had with Michio Kaku, friend and professor of physics at the City University of New York.

Check it out on StarTalk.