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The Harmful Effects Of Ultra Processed Food | Dr. Tim Spector

Video vocabulary

tapioca

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US / ˌtæpiˈəʊkə /

UK / ˌtæpiˈoʊkə /

C2
  • noun
  • Cassava starch used to thicken puddings, etc.

strip

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US / strɪp /

UK / strɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Long narrow piece, such as ribbon or land
  • verb
  • To remove your clothes (often sexily for someone)
  • To remove something, e.g. paint from a wall
  • To take property, dignity away from (someone)

syrup

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US / ˈsɪrəp /

UK / ˈsɪrəp, ˈsɚ- /

B2
  • noun
  • Sugary liquid e.g. used on pancakes

timing

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US / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

UK / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Measurement of how fast someone is
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

average

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US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

body

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US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

inner

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US / ˈɪnə(r) /

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the inside part of something

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

ones

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US / wʌnz /

UK / wʌnz /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1, a single person or thing

misnomer

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US / ˌmɪsˈnəʊmə(r) /

UK / mɪsˈnomɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Wrong or improper name

suggest

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US / səˈdʒest /

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

A1
  • verb
  • To mention something that could be done; propose

treat

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US / tri:t /

UK / trit /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you buy for others as a surprise present
  • something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
  • verb
  • To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
  • To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
  • To act in a certain way toward someone

aspartame

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US / ə'spɑ:teɪm /

UK / 'æspɑ:rteɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Artificial sweetener made from aspartic acid

fruit

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US / fru:t /

UK / frut /

A1
  • noun
  • Result or product of something
  • Food that grows on a tree or bush, usually sweet
  • verb
  • To grow e.g. apples, bananas, as a plant or a tree

gum

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US / ɡʌm /

UK / ɡʌm /

B2
  • noun
  • Soft sweet candy you chew
  • Flesh inside the mouth that holds the teeth
  • Sticky substance that comes out of some trees
  • other
  • Adhesive material used to stick things together
  • verb
  • To cover or stick with adhesive

overeat

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US / ˌəʊvərˈi:t /

UK / ˌoʊvərˈi:t /

B2
  • verb
  • To eat too much so you become full or fat

pro

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US / prəʊ /

UK / proʊ /

A2
  • noun
  • Reason given in support of something
  • Someone experienced and very good at something
  • Playing a golf, tennis etc. as a job

ready

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US / 'redɪ /

UK / ˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being likely or about to do something
  • Being willing to do a task
  • verb
  • To prepare something for use or action

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

colleague

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US / 'kɒli:ɡ /

UK / ˈkɑlˌiɡ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person you work or cooperate with

ester

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US / ˈestə(r) /

UK / ˈestər /

C1
  • noun
  • Compound of acid and alcohol with water taken out

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

simply

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US / ˈsɪmpli /

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In an easy or clear manner

therefore

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US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

A1
  • adverb
  • And so; for that reason

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

flavour

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US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈflevɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Taste of something, especially in food or drink
  • verb
  • To add extra taste to a food

extract

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US / 'ekstrækt /

UK / ɪkˈstrækt /

B1
  • noun
  • Essential ingredient of a natural thing
  • Part taken from a longer written work
  • verb
  • To get a substance out of a plant, etc.
  • To get a person to share secret information
  • To remove something by pulling or cutting

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

love

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US / lʌv /

UK / lʌv /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A very strong feeling of affection
  • The person you care very deeply about
  • Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
  • verb
  • To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
  • To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
  • To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

wheat

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US / wi:t /

UK / hwit, wit /

B1
  • noun
  • A kind of grain that is used to make flour

adjust

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US / əˈdʒʌst /

UK / əˈdʒʌst /

A2
  • verb
  • To change; to attain a desired state or function
  • To change so as to fit in with new conditions

able

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US / 'eɪbl /

UK / ˈebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Skilled; good at something
  • Having the ability to do something

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

basic

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US / 'beɪsɪk /

UK / ˈbesɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

virtually

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US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəli /

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an almost complete or entire manner

claim

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US / kleɪm /

UK / klem /

A2
  • noun
  • Demand for something that is believed to be due
  • Something said to be true when others don't agree
  • verb
  • To demand something that is believed to be due
  • To cause someone's life to come to an end
  • To say something is true when others may not agree

guest

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US / ɡest /

UK / ɡɛst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to people visiting or staying at a place
  • noun
  • Person invited to visit or stay in someone's home
  • Paying customer at a hotel or restaurant

hit

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US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

nothing

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US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
  • To have a negative effect on someone
  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

undo

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US / ʌnˈdu: /

UK / ʌnˈdu /

A2
  • verb
  • To open, untie or loosen something

yeah

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US / jeə /

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

extent

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US / ɪkˈstent /

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Point, level or limit to which something reaches
  • Range or space included in something

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

juice

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US / dʒu:s /

UK / dʒus /

A2
  • noun
  • Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
  • Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

step

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US / step /

UK / stɛp /

A1
  • noun
  • Movement done as part of a particular dance
  • Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
  • One part or stage in a process
  • Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
  • Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
  • verb
  • To raise and moving the foot to put it down

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

unhealthy

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US / ʌn'helθɪ /

UK / ʌnˈhɛlθi /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in poor health; sickly
  • Not healthy; that might make you sick

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

evening

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US / ˈi:vnɪŋ /

UK / ˈivnɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Last part of the day and early part of night
  • A social event in the early part of the night
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

powder

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US / 'paʊdə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊdɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
  • Dry and light form of snow
  • verb
  • To apply a dust onto the body or face

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

regulator

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US / ˈregjuleɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌletɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Device controlling the amount, speed, or level
  • Official who makes sure rules are followed

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

impact

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US / 'ɪmpækt /

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2
  • noun
  • A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • Very strong influence
  • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
  • verb
  • To hit or strike someone or something with force

health

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US / helθ /

UK / hɛlθ /

A1
  • noun
  • (Person, company) being in a good condition; well

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

label

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US / 'leɪbl /

UK / ˈlebəl /

A2
  • noun
  • A (luxury) brand owned by a company
  • A word or term used to describe a person, thing
  • A piece of paper or material to identify something
  • verb
  • To use a term to describe, often negatively
  • To attach material to identify something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

hardly

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US / ˈhɑ:dli /

UK / ˈhɑ:rdli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Clearly or undoubtedly not; very little
  • Almost not; scarcely

norm

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US / nɔ:m /

UK / nɔ:rm /

B1
  • noun
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • An established standard of performance or behavior
  • verb
  • To make something average (statistics)

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

tendency

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US / 'tendənsɪ /

UK / ˈtɛndənsi /

A2
  • noun
  • Likelihood to behave in a particular way

apple

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US / ˈæpl /

UK / ˈæpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard round red or green fruit with a white center

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

casein

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US / 'keɪsɪɪn /

UK / 'keɪsɪɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Milk protein used in making e.g. plastics and adhesives; a water-base paint made with a protein prec

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

mix

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US / mɪks /

UK / mɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • A combination of more than two things
  • verb
  • To combine two or more things to make one
  • To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

snack

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US / snæk /

UK / snæk /

B2
  • noun
  • Small amount of food eaten between meals
  • verb
  • To eat a small amount outside of regular meal time

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

overall

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US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

smart

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US / smɑ:t /

UK / smɑ:rt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
  • Looking clean, neat and stylish
  • (Of phones, weapons) with clever features
  • Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
  • Clever; with intelligence
  • adverb
  • Energetic or quick in motion or movement
  • In a clever way; with intelligence
  • noun
  • Feeling of being hurt and upset
  • Sharp, burning pain
  • verb
  • To feel hurt or upset
  • To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

summarize

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US / ˈsʌməraɪz /

UK / ˈsʌməˌraɪz /

A2
  • verb
  • To state the main or most important ideas

highly

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US / ˈhaɪli /

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a manner that shows approval
  • More than usual; to a great degree

microbe

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US / ˈmaɪkrəʊb /

UK / ˈmaɪkroʊb /

C1
  • noun
  • Very small, microscopic, living thing

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

acidity

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US / əˈsɪdəti /

UK / əˈsɪdɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Level to which something is acidic

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

light

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US / laɪt /

UK / laɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
  • Being pale and lacking darkness of color
  • Not heavy; weighing only a little
  • adverb
  • Carrying few bags when traveling
  • noun
  • A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
  • Way in which something or someone is understood
  • verb
  • To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
  • To provide a way to see ahead

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

tremendously

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US / trə'mendəslɪ /

UK / trɪˈmɛndəslɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Very well or very impressively

buzzword

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US / ˈbʌzwɜ:d /

UK / ˈbʌzˌwə:d /

C2
  • noun
  • Word/phrase that becomes very popular for a while

everybody

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US / ˈevribɒdi /

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everyone

grow

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US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

test

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US / test /

UK / test /

A1
  • noun
  • A medical examination
  • Action to establish the truth or nature of
  • Examination; questions to measure knowledge
  • verb
  • To be given a medical examination
  • To try to establish the truth or nature of
  • To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

vegetable

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US / ˈvedʒtəbl /

UK / ˈvɛdʒtəbəl, ˈvɛdʒɪtə- /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Made from plants such as tomato, lettuce, carrots
  • noun
  • Plant that is raised and eaten as food

attitude

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US / ˈætitju:d /

UK / ˈætɪˌtud, -ˌtjud /

A2
  • noun
  • Way you act, think and feel about something

emulsifier

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US / ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪə(r) /

UK / ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪər /

A1
  • other
  • A surface-active agent that promotes the formation of an emulsion

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

individual

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US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made for use by one single person
  • Having a distinct manner different from others
  • noun
  • Single person, looked at separately from others

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

oil

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US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

sugary

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US / ˈʃʊgəri /

UK / ˈʃʊɡəri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Too sweet; insincere
  • Containing or having a taste like sugar

window

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US / ˈwɪndəʊ /

UK / ˈwɪndoʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Opening in a wall or door to let in light
  • Opening in a wall through which people do business

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

melt

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US / melt /

UK / mɛlt /

B1
  • verb
  • To disappear or to go away
  • To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
  • To become liquid through heating

preservative

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US / prɪˈzɜ:vətɪv /

UK / prɪˈzə:vətɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Tending or having the power to preserve
  • noun
  • Chemical added to food to make it last longer

spend

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US / spend /

UK / spɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

starch

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US / stɑ:tʃ /

UK / stɑ:rtʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Substance in food changed to energy in the body
  • Substance used to make clothes stiff when ironing
  • verb
  • To make clothing stiff using a special substance

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

consumer

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US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who buys goods or services

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

recover

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US / rɪ'kʌvə(r) /

UK / rɪ'kʌvər /

A2
  • verb
  • To return to a prior normal condition
  • To get back something that was lost

rhythm

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US / ˈrɪðəm /

UK / ˈrɪðəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Pattern of events, motions, or changes
  • A pattern of sound and beats in music

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

benefit

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US / 'benɪfɪt /

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Good result or effect, something advantageous
  • verb
  • To have a good effect or be helpful

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

edible

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US / ˈedəbl /

UK / ˈɛdəbəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being safe to eat

pear

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US / peə(r) /

UK / per /

B2
  • noun
  • Fruit that is pointed at top, rounded at bottom

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

meal

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US / mi:l /

UK / mil /

A1
  • noun
  • Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
  • Grain that has been ground into a powder

yogurt

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US / ˈjəʊgət /

UK / ˈjoɡət /

B2
  • noun
  • Custard-like food made from curdled milk

avoid

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US / ə'vɔɪd /

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To prevent from happening
  • To stay away from

expect

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US / ɪk'spekt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To believe something is probably going to happen

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

generally

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US / /

UK / /

A2
  • adverb
  • Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

plain

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US / pleɪn /

UK / plen /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Obvious; clearly so, true
  • Very simple, ordinary; not decorated; not striped
  • noun
  • Wide open area of flat, dry land

research

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
  • Work done to find or discover knowledge
  • verb
  • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

color

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US / 'kʌlə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌlɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Quality of things you can see, e.g. red, blue
  • Pink or red in your face, e.g. after being ill
  • The shade of someone's skin e.g. black, or yellow
  • verb
  • To change or affect someone's opinion
  • To make something colorful using colored pencils

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

halo

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US / 'heɪləʊ /

UK / ˈhelo /

B2
  • noun
  • Circle of light

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

quite

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US / kwaɪt /

UK / kwaɪt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not very; fairly
  • Very; In a complete or total manner

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

ceo

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US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

C2
  • abbreviation
  • CEO for Chief Operating Officer

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

potassium

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US / pəˈtæsiəm /

UK / pəˈtæsiəm /

B2
  • noun
  • A common, soft, silvery white metal with many uses

protein

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US / ˈprəʊti:n /

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

B1
  • noun
  • Group of molecules made from amino acids

survey

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US / 'sɜ:veɪ /

UK / ˈsɜː(r)veɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Broad view or general description of something
  • Act of measuring land or property to make a map
  • Set of questions used to ask people about a topic
  • verb
  • To offer a broad view or general description
  • To measure an area of land to make a map of it
  • To ask people a question about a particular topic

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

disease

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US / dɪˈzi:z /

UK / dɪˈziz /

A2
  • noun
  • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

medically

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US / 'medɪklɪ /

UK / ˈmɛdɪklɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • As regards medical matters

resin

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US / ˈrezɪn /

UK / ˈrezn /

B2
  • noun
  • Sticky substance that is produced by some trees

pack

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US / pæk /

UK / pæk /

A1
  • noun
  • Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
  • Group of people, animals, or objects
  • verb
  • To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
  • To crowd a place with a large amount of things
  • To put something into a container to store it

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

subscribe

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US / səb'skraɪb /

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

B1
  • verb
  • To regularly pay to receive a service

zoe

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US / /

UK / /

A1

almond

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US / ˈɑ:mənd /

UK / ˈɑmənd /

B2
  • noun
  • Type of long flat nut

nearly

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US / ˈniəli /

UK / ˈnɪrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not completely; almost

bean

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US / bi:n /

UK / bin /

A2
  • noun
  • Large seed eaten as a vegetable

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

favour

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US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈfevɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
  • verb
  • To prefer or promote over another

habit

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US / 'hæbɪt /

UK / ˈhæbɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Loose clothing like a cloak, worn by monks, nuns
  • Usual way of behaving; something often repeated

pick

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US / pɪk /

UK / pɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
  • Item selected from a group of choices
  • verb
  • To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
  • To decide on a thing from various choices; select
  • To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

please

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US / pli:z /

UK / pliz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used when you politely ask people for things
  • verb
  • To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
  • To make someone happy by doing something

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

counterintuitive

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US / kaʊntərɪn'tju:ɪtɪv /

UK / ˌkaʊntərɪn'tju:ɪtɪv /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Contrary to what common sense would suggest

channel

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US / 'tʃænl /

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • TV or radio station or its programs
  • Method or way of sending or receiving information
  • Narrow passage through which water travels
  • Method or route used for sending or getting things
  • verb
  • To dig a long hole for carrying water
  • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
  • To direct water or liquid through a passage
  • To direct energy or feelings into something

calorie

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US / 'kælərɪ /

UK / ˈkæləri /

B2
  • noun
  • Unit for measuring the amount of energy in food

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

composition

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US / ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑ:mpəˈzɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of writing, music etc.
  • A piece of music
  • Structure of a picture or image to make an effect

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

philadelphia

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US / ˌfɪlə'delfjə /

UK / ˌfɪlə'delfjə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A city in Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; population 1,447,395 (est. 2008). Established as a Qu

oasis

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US / əʊˈeɪsɪs /

UK / oʊˈeɪsɪs /

B2
  • noun
  • Place in a desert where there is water

squeeze

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US / skwi:z /

UK / skwiz /

C1
  • noun
  • Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
  • Act of putting pressure on, as to get liquid out
  • When there is not enough space for things/people
  • Act of firmly pressing on two or more sides
  • verb
  • To force or threaten someone to give you something
  • To strongly compress something to get liquid out
  • To be pressed together or crowded into an area
  • To press together the opposite sides of something
  • To reduce the amount of something

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A2
  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
  • To make something smaller in size, amount, level

tree

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US / tri: /

UK / tri /

A1
  • noun
  • Tall green plants in a forest

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

brand

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US / brænd /

UK / brænd /

A2
  • noun
  • A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
  • Product made or designed by a named company
  • verb
  • To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
  • To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
  • To give a famous name to a product or service

clean

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US / kli:n /

UK / klin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not marked in any way; blank
  • Done according to the rules or standards; fair
  • Free from disease or sickness
  • Being free from dirt or marks; washed
  • Behaving well; not breaking any rules; legal
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely
  • verb
  • To make free from dirt or marks; washed
  • To make neat and orderly e.g. a room
  • To remove the inner parts of an animal

cancer

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US / 'kænsə(r) /

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

friendly

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US / ˈfrendli /

UK / ˈfrɛndli /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Acting like a friend; kind and helpful
  • noun
  • Game played not in a competition

milk

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US / mɪlk /

UK / mɪlk /

A1
  • noun
  • White liquid produced by females to feed babies
  • verb
  • To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
  • To take as much from a person/situation as you can

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

sentence

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US / 'sentəns /

UK / ˈsɛntəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Official punishment given by a court of law
  • Set of words that make a whole statement
  • verb
  • (Of a judge) to decide the punishment of

scientifically

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US / ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪklɪ /

UK / ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an manner that follows the rules of science

ultra

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US / 'ʌltrə /

UK / 'ʌltrə /

B2
  • prefix
  • Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

citric

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US / ˈsɪtrɪk /

UK / ˈsɪtrɪk /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning an acid often obtained from lemons

battle

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US / 'bætl /

UK / ˈbætl /

A2
  • noun
  • Military fight between armies
  • Working hard to stop something; struggle
  • verb
  • To fight or struggle against someone or something
  • To work hard to stop something; struggle

mental

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US / ˈmentl /

UK / ˈmɛntl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the mind

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

sorbate

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • A material that has been or is capable of being taken up by another substance by either absorption o

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

caramel

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US / ˈkærəmel /

UK / ˈkærəməl, -ˌmɛl, ˈkɑrməl /

C1
  • noun
  • Brown, chewy candy

interestingly

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

UK / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

A2
  • adverb
  • You'll find this surprising; in an interesting way

money

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US / 'mʌnɪ /

UK / ˈmʌni /

A1
  • noun
  • Coins or notes we use to pay for things

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

muscovado

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US / ˌmʌskəˈvɑ:dəʊ /

UK / ˌmʌskəˈvɑ:doʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • Unrefined sugar made from the juice of sugar cane by evaporating it and draining off the molasses.

poor

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US / pʊə(r) /

UK / pʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Inferior; below the normal standard
  • Deserving of pity or sympathy
  • Without money; not rich

seed

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US / si:d /

UK / sid /

B1
  • noun
  • A person's children; offspring
  • Part of a plant used to grow more on them
  • Source of a feeling or thought
  • Top-ranked person in a competition, e.g. in tennis
  • verb
  • (Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
  • To produce seeds, as a plant
  • To remove the center part from a fruit or vegetable
  • To be the source of a feeling or thought
  • To plant seeds in the ground

sugar

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US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /

UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
  • Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
  • Used to address someone you like or love
  • White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
  • verb
  • To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

europe

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US / ˈjʊərəp /

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

A1
  • noun
  • A continent including Germany, France and Spain
  • other
  • The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

plenty

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US / 'plentɪ /

UK / ˈplɛnti /

A2
  • pronoun
  • When there is not too little of something; a lot

temperature

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US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

A2
  • noun
  • When you your body heat is above normal
  • How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

accurate

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US / ˈækjərət /

UK / ˈækjərɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • With no mistake or error; Correct

bar

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US / bɑ:(r) /

UK / bɑ:r /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of (soap, chocolate etc.)
  • Professional organization of lawyers and judges
  • String of musical notes
  • Place to meet friends and buy alcoholic drinks
  • Long solid round piece of metal shaped like a pipe
  • verb
  • To prevent entry, exit or an action

button

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US / 'bʌtn /

UK / ˈbʌtn /

A2
  • noun
  • Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
  • Switch activated by pressing
  • verb
  • To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

ingredient

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US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /

UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Food item used when making a meal or drink
  • Quality necessary to be something to work well

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

couple

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US / 'kʌpl /

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Two people in a romantic relationship
  • Two of something; two people; a pair
  • verb
  • To join something to something else
  • (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
  • To put two people or things together

mess

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US / mes /

UK / mɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • verb
  • To make something untidy or dirty

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

alone

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US / ə'ləʊn /

UK / əˈlon /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Apart from others
  • Without equal
  • adverb
  • Without anyone or anything else

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

cheese

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US / tʃi:z /

UK / tʃiz /

A2
  • noun
  • Yellowish solid food made from aged milk

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

natural

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US / ˈnætʃərəl /

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
  • Not made by humans; without human intervention

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

packaging

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US / ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ /

UK / ˈpækədʒɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Protective wrapping for a parcel or item for sale
  • verb
  • To present or sell a group of things as one item
  • To put something into a container to store it

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

circadian

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US / sɜ:ˈkeɪdiən /

UK / sɜ:rˈkeɪdiən /

A1
  • noun
  • Concerning biological processes occurring at -hour intervals

chemical

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US / ˈkemɪkl /

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made of various elements
  • noun
  • Basic substance produced by mixing elements

hungry

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US / ˈhʌŋgri /

UK / ˈhʌŋɡri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling a need or want to eat food
  • Being eager to get or do something

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

partly

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US / ˈpɑ:tli /

UK / ˈpɑ:rtli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In part; not completely

plant

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US / plɑ:nt /

UK / plænt /

A2
  • noun
  • Factory or a place where things are made
  • Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

healthy

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US / ˈhelθi /

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In good condition physically, or financially; well

importantly

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US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an important way;

normal

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US / 'nɔ:ml /

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • Having standard mental or physical ability, health

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

totally

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US / ˈtəʊtəli /

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a complete way; completely; absolutely

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

diet

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US / 'daɪət /

UK / ˈdaɪɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
  • other
  • The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
  • verb
  • To eat special or less food, as to lose weight

fresh

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US / freʃ /

UK / frɛʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Clean; not used or dirty
  • Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
  • Newly made or gathered
  • (Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

indeed

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US / ɪnˈdi:d /

UK / ɪnˈdid /

A2
  • adverb
  • Actually; in fact; in reality

itself

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US / ɪtˈself /

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Referring to it

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

surely

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US / ˈʃʊəli /

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • With certainty; definitely

warn

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US / wɔ:n /

UK / wɔrn /

A2
  • verb
  • To tell someone about possible danger

bed

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US / bed /

UK / bɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Flat bottom surface of a lake, ocean etc.
  • A piece of furniture that people sleep on
  • An area on which other things are put
  • Area of ground to grow vegetables or flowers
  • verb
  • To have sex with someone
  • To plant, fix, or attach something firmly to

contain

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US / kənˈteɪn /

UK / kənˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep something from spreading
  • To hold something inside something else

component

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US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

UK / kəmˈponənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being a part of something
  • noun
  • One of the parts that something is made up of

eat

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US / i:t /

UK / it /

A1
  • verb
  • To put food in your mouth

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

matter

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US / 'mætə(r) /

UK / ˈmætɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Material all things are made of that fills space
  • Problem or reason for concern
  • verb
  • To be of great importance; to count

obviously

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US / ˈɒbviəsli /

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

publish

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US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

A2
  • verb
  • To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
  • To release information to the general public

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

profile

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US / 'prəʊfaɪl /

UK / ˈproˌfaɪl /

B1
  • noun
  • A short description of a person or group
  • Shape of someone's head when viewed from the side
  • verb
  • To write a short description of a person or group

nutritional

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US / njʊ'trɪʃənl /

UK / njuˈtrɪʃənl: /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of foods) having positive effects on your health

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

combine

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US / kəmˈbaɪn /

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To mix several things together to form one thing

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

roast

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US / rəʊst /

UK / roʊst /

B1
  • noun
  • A joint of meat cooked in an oven
  • Joints of meat cooked in an oven
  • verb
  • To strongly criticize often in a teasing manner
  • To cook food in an oven or over a fire

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

stabilizer

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US / ˈsteɪbəlaɪzə(r) /

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪzɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Device used to make something stable or balanced

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

unless

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US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

asian

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US / ˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˈeɪʃn /

A1
  • noun
  • A native or inhabitant of Asia
  • other
  • Of or relating to or characteristic of Asia or the peoples of Asia or their languages or culture

blend

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US / blend /

UK / blɛnd /

B1
  • noun
  • Product known for mixing ingredients
  • verb
  • To combine different elements or substances
  • To mix ingredients when cooking
  • To mix things in an effective or pleasing way

industrially

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US / ɪn'dʌstrɪəlɪ /

UK / ɪn'dʌstrɪrlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • By industrial means; in large amounts

perfectly

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US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a faultless manner; without mistakes

separate

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US / 'sepəreɪt /

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being different from or unrelated to another
  • verb
  • To divide two things by being in between them
  • To live away from your husband or wife
  • To move things away from each other

taste

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US / teɪst /

UK / test /

A2
  • noun
  • (Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
  • Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
  • A liking for something; preference
  • Brief experience of something
  • verb
  • To experience something
  • To experience the flavor of food, drink
  • To briefly experience to see if you like something

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

carbo

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US / 'kɑ:bəʊ /

UK / 'kɑ:boʊ /

A1
  • noun

glucose

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US / 'ɡlu:kəʊs /

UK / ˈɡluˌkos /

C1
  • noun
  • Natural type of sugar found in fruits and plants

realize

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US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To become aware of or understand mentally

stick

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US / stɪk /

UK / stɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Long thin piece of wood from a tree
  • verb
  • To push a sharp or pointed object into something
  • To join together using glue or paste
  • To remain in one place or position for a long time

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

blanket

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US / 'blæŋkɪt /

UK / ˈblæŋkɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of cloth you covers yourself with in bed
  • verb
  • To cover something completely so it cannot be seen

common

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US / 'kɒmən /

UK / ˈkɑmən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
  • Typical, normal; not unusual
  • noun
  • Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • Field near a village owned by the local community

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

metabolism

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US / məˈtæbəlɪzəm /

UK / mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Chemical processes to convert food to energy

produce

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US / prə'dju:s /

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

A1
  • noun
  • Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • verb
  • To grow something naturally
  • To make something appear
  • To manufacture something using machines
  • To control the making a movie or television show

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

benzoate

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US / ˈbenzəʊˌeɪt /

UK / ˈbenzoʊˌeɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Any salt or ester of benzoic acid

citrus

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US / 'sɪtrəs /

UK / ˈsɪtrəs /

C1
  • noun
  • Type of plant producing juicy acidic fruits

confusing

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US / kənˈfju:zɪŋ /

UK / kənˈfjuzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being hard to understand
  • verb
  • To make something unclear or hard to understand

clearly

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US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

dry

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US / draɪ /

UK / draɪ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
  • Without water; not wet
  • (Of wine, etc.) not sweet
  • Without butter or jam
  • verb
  • To remove liquid or water from something

fake

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US / feɪk /

UK / fek /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not real; made to look like something real
  • noun
  • A copy of something made to trick people
  • verb
  • To make move in sports to trick a player
  • To try to trick or deceive someone

list

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US / lɪst /

UK / lɪst /

A1
  • noun
  • Lean of a boat to one side
  • Series of written names, words or numbers
  • verb
  • To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
  • To present for sale for a specific price
  • To write a series of names, words, or numbers

main

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US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

activity

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US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

fat

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US / fæt /

UK / fæt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having too much weight for the body size
  • Bringing or having a large amount of money
  • noun
  • Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
  • Oily part of meat

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

harmful

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US / ˈhɑ:mfl /

UK / ˈhɑ:rmfl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Likely to cause damage or injury

glue

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US / ɡlu: /

UK / ɡlu /

B1
  • noun
  • Sticky substance used for joining things together
  • verb
  • To join or affix things with glue or paste

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

ago

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US / əˈgəʊ /

UK / əˈgoʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a specified length of time in the past

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

heart

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US / hɑ:t /

UK / hɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • A feeling of care for others; compassion
  • Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
  • Be cheerfully encouraging
  • Most essential, important, or central part
  • Referring to a promise or something important
  • State or feelings of affection or deep love
  • Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
  • The part of the body that pumps blood
  • Place where emotions are believed to be felt
  • A shape that represents love

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

mixture

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US / ˈmɪkstʃə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪkstʃɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Something made by combining two or more things

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

gut

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US / ɡʌt /

UK / ɡʌt /

B1
  • noun
  • Stomach and internal organs of digestion
  • Guts courage; emotional strength
  • verb
  • To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
  • To remove the internal parts of an animal or fish

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

glycerol

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US / 'glɪsərɒl /

UK / 'glɪsəˌroʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils

isolate

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US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To identify, consider, or deal with separately
  • To keep in a place or situation apart from others
  • To separate something from another substance

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

miss

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US / mɪs /

UK / mɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Action of not hitting something or someone
  • Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
  • verb
  • To be absent
  • To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
  • To do without something
  • To fail to see or sense something
  • To fail to understand someone's message
  • To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
  • To feel you want to see someone who is not there

viewer

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US / ˈvju:ə(r) /

UK / ˈvjuɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Special machine to look at pictures
  • Someone who watches, e.g. television

break

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A1
  • noun
  • Time you stop an activity before continuing
  • End of a relationship
  • An escape from a place such as a jail
  • (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
  • Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
  • Change in the weather
  • verb
  • To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • To form a crack in something
  • To burst or become damaged
  • To end a relationship
  • To escape from a place such as a jail
  • To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
  • To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
  • To act against a law, rule, or promise
  • To become known suddenly, as in the news
  • To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
  • To solve a crime, or answer a problem
  • To stop functioning properly
  • To suddenly start, open or commence
  • To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
  • To fall on the shore, as in waves
  • To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
  • To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

flour

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US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

UK / flaʊr /

B1
  • noun
  • Powder made from a grain used in cooking
  • verb
  • To cover something with flour in cooking

marketing

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US / ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ /

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪtɪŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • The act of selling services or goods
  • verb
  • To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

choice

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US / tʃɔɪs /

UK / tʃɔɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of good quality or taste; desirable
  • noun
  • Decision between two or more possibilities

goodness

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US / ˈgʊdnəs /

UK / ˈɡʊdnɪs /

A2
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express slight surprise)
  • noun
  • Nourishment; good food value

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

sweetener

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US / ˈswi:tnə(r) /

UK / ˈswitnɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • An added extra to make someone agree to something
  • Something added to foods to make them sweeter

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

epidemic

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US / ˌepɪ'demɪk /

UK / ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Disease that spreads quickly affecting many
  • noun
  • Something that spreads suddenly and widely

focus

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US / 'fəʊkəs /

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main purpose or center of interest or activity
  • verb
  • To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
  • To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

loss

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US / lɒs /

UK / lɔ:s /

A2
  • noun
  • Friend, family, or other loved person's death
  • Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
  • Experience or state of failing to have or keep
  • A situation when you lose a game
  • Process of failing to have or keep something
  • Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
  • Situation when more money is spent than is earned

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

artificial

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US / ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl /

UK / ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
  • (Something) made by people; not created by nature

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

careful

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US / ˈkeəfl /

UK / ˈkerfl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

extra

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US / 'ekstrə /

UK / 'ekstrə /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • More than necessary; additional
  • noun
  • Items more than you need; additional items
  • Person who has a small part in a movie
  • Special version of a newspaper

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

salt

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US / sɔ:lt /

UK / sɔlt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being preserved or seasoned with salt
  • noun
  • Natural white crystal used to flavor food
  • verb
  • To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
  • To add salt to ice in order to melt it
  • To preserve food by adding salt

substance

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US / 'sʌbstəns /

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Essence of; most basic or central qualities
  • Particular type of material
  • Having material form; existing
  • Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

fibre

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US / ˈfaɪbə(r) /

UK / ˈfaɪbɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Thin natural thread that can be used to make yarn

handful

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US / 'hændfʊl /

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

B1
  • noun
  • an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
  • A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

mixed

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US / mɪkst /

UK / mɪkst /

A2
  • verb
  • To combine two or more things to make one
  • To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

muscle

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US / 'mʌsl /

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical power
  • Body tissue that moves parts of the body
  • verb
  • To use or muscles of force to get what you want

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
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recently

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US / ˈri:sntli /

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southern

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US / ˈsʌðən /

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with

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  • preposition
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  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The Harmful Effects Of Ultra Processed FoodIn a video featuring Dr. Tim Spector, the harmful effects of ultra processed food are explored. The video begins by questioning whether the act of processing alone makes a food inherently bad, or if it is the process itself that removes the beneficial components and adds harmful substances. The term 'processed foods' has become a general label, leading many to automatically assume that all processed foods are unhealthy. However, it is important to distinguish between regular processed foods and ultra processed foods. Regular processed foods may include items such as plain yogurt, which involves mixing milk with microbes, creating a product that can be considered processed. In contrast, ultra processed foods take this process to the next stage. For example, plain yogurt made from milk powder with the addition of starches, stabilizers, emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, and flavorings becomes an ultra processed food. It is this additional step that is the primary concern. There is nothing inherently wrong with processed foods, as even items like cheese undergo processing without negative consequences. Many of the foods we consume have had salt or oil added to them. The problem arises when chemicals not commonly found in our kitchens are added to foods that have been stripped of their nutritional value. For example, instead of using cow's milk, dried extract of casein may be utilized, or instead of using whole wheat, only the stripped-out inner part is used and treated with heat to alter its composition. In order to reassemble these stripped foods, glues such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, flavorings, sweeteners, and colorants are required. These additives are used to make the final product resemble real food in appearance. This article delves into the harmful effects of ultra processed foods, highlighting the importance of consuming whole and minimally processed foods for optimal health.
  • Subtitles section
  • Does the fact that it's processed alone make it a bad food?
  • Or is it because the process of processing causes a loss in the good stuff and addition of a lot of bad stuff?
  • When we say pro, because this word processed foods has become just like a blanket term.
  • So in my brain I go, if it's processed, it has to be bad.
  • But is that accurate?
  • Well, we need to separate virtually all the food that we eat and I eat as well is processed.
  • Yeah.
  • But we need to separate that from ultra processed.
  • So plain yogurt, nothing added, nothing changed is processed because you're mixing a basic ingredient milk with microbes.
  • You're actually creating something, that's processing.
  • But it's when you take it to the next stage and you would make that same product from say milk powder and then you would add various starches and stabilizers, emulsifiers, concentrates, artificial sweeteners,
  • Flavorings, that same yogurt becomes ultra processed.
  • And it's that extra step that is the main problem.
  • Nothing wrong with processed food.
  • Cheese is processed, there's nothing wrong with that.
  • Most of the foods we eat are some have had salt added or oil added or something like that.
  • But it's when it's chemicals that you don't find in your kitchen being added to foods that have been stripped of all their goodness.
  • So they wouldn't just use cow's milk, it would be dried extract of casein or you wouldn't take wheat, it would be the stripped out inner part of that wheat and then that's temperature treated to melt it and change its composition.
  • And to put those things back together, you need all these glues like these emulsifiers, you need stabilizers, you need flavorings, sweeteners, colorants, all these extra things to make it look like food again.
  • So I think we shouldn't be calling ultra processed food, food, that's a misnomer.
  • We should call them edible food like substances that are industrially made.
  • And if we start to realize the difference between these, we can start to make smart food choices.
  • We now know that many of these ingredients, there's been lots of research since we last talked about first things like aspartame has come out which is an artificial sweetener, has been linked to many health problems including increased risk of cancers and heart disease.
  • We've got emulsifiers have come out recently in a number of studies to show that they affect mental health and they also affect heart disease even when you adjust for the whole diet and you take just that component of the food.
  • So we know that ultra processed foods are probably the worst things we're doing for our diets.
  • And then in the UK, the average person is saying about 60% of all their food is ultra processed without knowing about it.
  • We're eating four times more than healthy European countries who are often poorer than us.
  • So it's not just a question of money, it's just become this battle of us poor consumers against these massive companies with billions of pounds to spend on marketing that have told us this stuff is healthy because of these fake health halos,
  • Vitamins, no sugar, no this, no fat, confusing the consumer and all the time giving us foods that not only give us disease but importantly make us overeat.
  • So we pick that stuff.
  • Doesn't matter if it's just low fat or it's got lots of other chemicals, both make you overeat by a quarter.
  • So you'll be hungrier after eating that than you would be if you had a completely plain yogurt with none of those extra chemicals in it.
  • Okay.
  • So I've got three different drink-like foods here.
  • I've got my Oasis Citrus Punch.
  • On this one it says natural flavorings and real fruit.
  • So that must be healthy, real fruit.
  • If it says real fruit on it, you should be very suspicious.
  • Okay, that's the first thing to look at it.
  • And natural flavors, that really means nothing.
  • And this is, natural is a great word, means nothing medically, scientifically, but it's been a buzzword for me, getting people to buy stuff.
  • So basically this is a mixed blend of citrus fruits, which means the mixtures of all kinds of different fruit extracts that's combined with sugar and artificial sweeteners.
  • They're again, highly processed fruits.
  • They're not fresh fruits.
  • And it's got a mixture of those.
  • It's got citric acid, it's got sugar, orange flavorings.
  • It's got stabilizers, polyphosphates, glycerol esters.
  • It's got, looks like wood resins, acidity regulators, preservatives.
  • It's got some potassium sorbate, potassium benzoate.
  • It's got the sweeteners, aspartame and Ace K. Aspartame is what you're just talking about, right?
  • Yes, that's the one that WHO have just put on their warning list.
  • So yes, it's packed with things that you wouldn't expect if you just squeezed a bit of juice.
  • And I thought it was healthy.
  • So this is a good example of a totally fake ultra processed food that makes it look like it's real fruit and is gonna be healthy for you.
  • And it is just a mix of chemicals.
  • That's just gonna mess up your gut microbes and make you feel hungrier.
  • Okay, but this one here, this Philadelphia says light.
  • So it says 100% of the taste, but 40% less fat.
  • So Philadelphia light, surely that's good?
  • Well, it's got cheese in it.
  • We did do some tests on this a while ago.
  • It does have microbes in it.
  • If it's low in fat, they've generally added something else to increase the mouthfeel.
  • And indeed we see here, it's got stabilizers, it's got emulsifiers, all these things that we know have effects on your gut microbes, make you hungrier and can affect your heart as well.
  • So yeah, I would avoid that one.
  • Well, do we have to, I've got a few last things for you there.
  • What do we have to look out for on the packaging of these products?
  • Because interestingly, the one you have in your hand, the bar there, the snack bar, on the back of it, they do admit that it's a little bit processed.
  • They actually, there's a sentence on the back of it.
  • I'll read out.
  • It says, I was reading it as you said it.
  • It says, well, clearly it would be wrong for us to claim that everything in this bar is 100% natural and simply grows on trees.
  • Obviously some ingredients need to be cleaned, dried and roasted too, and therefore to some extent processed.
  • It's just that we believe the less we mess with it, the better it tastes.
  • That's why we never add any artificial flavours or colours or any preservatives.
  • Yeah.
  • In a natural bar.
  • I mean, ingredients.
  • That's a good thing to say.
  • It's quite hard to produce some of these snack bars without having things to stick it together or gums.
  • Glucose syrup, soya protein, crispies, isolate, tapioca starch, salt, dates, almonds, salted caramel, muscovado sugar, buttermilk powder, natural flavourings, cream powder, milk, rice flour, carbo flour and salt.
  • Yeah.
  • It doesn't, when you read it out like that, it doesn't sound quite as natural as the label suggests, does it?
  • Because you've just got all these ingredients that are, you know, again, half of them you wouldn't find in your kitchen.
  • And it's partly to, you know, protein packed.
  • You know, if you just need the nuts and the seeds, you wouldn't have to add in all this other stuff from soy and other beans and things, which are ultra processed.
  • They're just taking that bit of it, combining it together.
  • So some of these are better than others, but again, this is ultra processed.
  • And, you know, all these snacks, interestingly, are really often the downfall in places like the US and the UK, where we're just eating so many, so much of our energy is coming from these snacks, which wasn't the case 20 years ago.
  • So on that point of snacking, is snacking good or bad?
  • And what impact does that have on the overall nutritional profile of an individual?
  • Because a lot of people snack, right?
  • Nearly everybody snacks.
  • I think that's right.
  • Over 90% of people snack.
  • So it's become normal to snack.
  • In this country, in the US, it is the norm.
  • It's not the norm in other countries.
  • So you can see much less snacking habits in Southern Europe than you do here, and much less in many Asian countries as well.
  • A ZOE study found that 95% of people were snackers.
  • Yes.
  • And 25% of people are undoing the benefits of healthy meals by unhealthy snacking.
  • Yeah, so 95% of people we found in that ZOE study are snackers, and most of them are unhealthy.
  • So just by reaching for a snack, unless you're really careful, you're gonna be having not only extra calories, but unhealthy calories that's gonna undo many of the good things you're eating.
  • So we found in the ZOE survey that people would be really focusing on their main meal, saying, this is a really healthy meal.
  • I'm eating plenty of plants and vegetables, but, oh, well, I've gotta have my snack.
  • And so they'd be undoing all that good by having something that would then, a couple of hours later, really upset their metabolism and make them hungrier, and so mess up the idea and make them hungrier.
  • So in the UK and the US, it's around a quarter of our calories come from snacks.
  • If we were able to even to reduce that a bit or just change that snack to a healthy one, or ideally move that snacking time to the meal itself, most of these would be much less harmful if you had them at the end of your meal.
  • When your body is starting to do all this work, breaking down the food, is gearing up for this high activity, virtually all the snacks that people have late in the evening are bad for you.
  • And that's because you're getting a sugar spike just before going to bed.
  • Your body's not ready for it.
  • Your gut microbes are not ready for it.
  • It doesn't give them a rest.
  • And so you actually end up hungrier the next day.
  • So we're starting to realize that it's not just the food, and we've seen that most of these snacks are very unhealthy, gonna make you hungrier, but the timing of it also messes up your circadian rhythms.
  • So you're not recovering, and the next day you're gonna feel hungrier than you were if you didn't snack.
  • So it's like counterintuitive.
  • You think, oh, if I have something before I go to bed, I'm not gonna be as hungry tomorrow.
  • And this is what many people get into this common mistake.
  • So we need to start changing people's attitude in this snack epidemic about snacks and say, you don't need them.
  • And if you do, have healthy ones.
  • And nuts and seeds and fruit are perfectly healthy ones.
  • And we showed in our study, which we published recently, that people who do have those healthy snacks are really hardly any extra risk of health problems compared to those that people don't snack, as long as it's not late at night.
  • So if you eat within that sort of normal eating window, some people are natural snackers.
  • I don't know if, I'm not, but I know many of my colleagues at Zoe can't go two or three hours without eating.
  • They really find it hard.
  • And, but just by thinking more about that snack and saying, well, I know I've got this tendency.
  • I'm gonna eat something that's healthy.
  • I'm not- Like nuts or something.
  • Yeah, just a handful of mixed nuts, an apple, a pear, something that's not super sugary or super fat, but importantly, not ultra processed, not something that's got this health halo that says, eat me,
  • I've got high in protein.
  • I'm gonna, you know, eat me and you'll get bigger muscles.
  • No, eat me and you'll get fatter.
  • Those health halos then, what are, just so we've summarized them, low fat is a health halo, you're saying, no sugar, real fruit, trying to remember all the ones.
  • Extra vitamins.
  • Vitamin labeling on products.
  • Natural flavorings, I think it said.
  • Yes.
  • One of the products.
  • Are those the main ones?
  • Have I missed any there?
  • I think we've covered, yeah.
  • So claims about low fat, low sugar, nothing artificial.
  • High protein.
  • Natural.
  • Right.
  • High protein.
  • Some would be gut friendly.
  • Generally they're warning signs that this food is to be avoided.
  • Find something that doesn't need that health claim.
  • You never see a whole real food with a health claim.
  • They don't need it.
  • You got an apple, doesn't need a claim.
  • Contains vitamins, contains fiber.
  • Real foods don't need health labels.
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