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The NBA Player Without ACLs in His Knees

Video vocabulary

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

backside

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US / ˈbæksaɪd /

UK / ˈbækˌsaɪd /

C1
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on

exercise

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US / 'eksəsaɪz /

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical activity to increase health and strength
  • Set of questions in a text book
  • verb
  • To work out to become stronger and healthier
  • To retain your ability or practice your skills

extra

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US / 'ekstrə /

UK / 'ekstrə /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • More than necessary; additional
  • noun
  • Items more than you need; additional items
  • Person who has a small part in a movie
  • Special version of a newspaper

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

activation

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US / ˌæktɪ'veɪʃn /

UK / ˌæktɪ'veɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of making something (e.g. a bomb) active

command

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US / kə'mɑ:nd /

UK / kəˈmænd /

A2
  • noun
  • Electronic order to a computer to do something
  • An order to control things or others
  • verb
  • To be able to see far from a certain location
  • To give an order; have control over others
  • To have or get (respect or attention)

handful

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US / 'hændfʊl /

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

B1
  • noun
  • an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
  • A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

muscle

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US / 'mʌsl /

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical power
  • Body tissue that moves parts of the body
  • verb
  • To use or muscles of force to get what you want

sponsor

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US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

B1
  • noun
  • Person that supports the passage of a new law
  • Person giving money for someone's education
  • verb
  • To support the passage of a new law
  • To help someone succeed by giving them money
  • To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

active

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US / ˈæktɪv /

UK / ˈæktɪv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Moving around a lot or doing many things

reconstruction

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US / ˌri:kən'strʌkʃn /

UK / ˌrikənˈstrʌkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of rebuilding or improving structures
  • Process to determine how a crime, etc. occurred

rotational

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US / rəʊ'teɪʃənl /

UK / roʊ'teɪʃənl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning rotation

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

decade

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US / ˈdekeɪd /

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of 10 years

fantastic

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US / fænˈtæstɪk /

UK / fænˈtæstɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Strange or unusual in design or appearance
  • Very large, fast or great
  • Hard to believe; amazing

fashion

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US / 'fæʃn /

UK / ˈfæʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Style of dress or activity popular at some time
  • Industry that creates new styles of clothes
  • Way of behaving; manner
  • Trend that is popular at a given time
  • Way of doing something; manner
  • verb
  • To make things into a particular shape

draw

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US / drɔ: /

UK / drɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that attracts people to visit a place
  • A lottery or prize
  • Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
  • verb
  • To attract attention to someone or something
  • To get closer to or approach something or someone
  • To influence a person's involvement in something
  • To move an object by pulling
  • To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
  • To take one thing out of a container, etc.
  • (Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

weak

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having a strong character
  • Less valuable compared to money of other countries
  • Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
  • Having little power or ability
  • Not having the necessary or proper amount
  • Having little power; not strong; easy to break
  • (Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

acl

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • other

everyday

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US / ˈevrideɪ /

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

guard

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US / ɡɑ:d /

UK / ɡɑrd /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who watches a place or prevents escapes
  • verb
  • To keep watch over something to protect it

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

review

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US / rɪˈvju: /

UK / rɪˈvju /

A2
  • noun
  • Examination of soldiers and supplies
  • Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
  • Studying again to remind yourself about something
  • verb
  • To carefully look at the quality of something
  • To formally examine something in the military
  • To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
  • To study again to remind yourself about something

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

deodorant

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US / dɪ'əʊdərənt /

UK / diˈodərənt /

C1
  • noun
  • Substance applied to the skin to hide body smells

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

model

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US / ˈmɒdl /

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being an excellent example of
  • noun
  • Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
  • A small scale copy of a full original
  • verb
  • To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
  • To make a small scale copy of a full original

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

tendon

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US / ˈtendən /

UK / ˈtendən /

B2
  • noun
  • Band of tough fibrous tissue connecting muscles

cream

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US / kri:m /

UK / krim /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Pale color that is yellowish white
  • noun
  • Type of a thick beauty product used on the skin
  • Thick liquid rubbed into the skin
  • The top part of milk when left standing
  • verb
  • To defeat someone with ease
  • To have added cream
  • To mix together into a thick substance or liquid

foot

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US / fʊt /

UK / fʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Base of something such as a mountain or vase
  • Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
  • Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

injury

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US / 'ɪndʒərɪ /

UK / ˈɪndʒəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or emotional harm or damage

pivot

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US / 'pɪvət /

UK / ˈpɪvət /

B2
  • noun
  • Point on which something turns or balances
  • verb
  • To turn or balance on a center point

repeat

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US / rɪˈpi:t /

UK / rɪˈpit /

A2
  • noun
  • Action that is done again
  • Musical passage that is to be played again
  • Radio or television program that was shown before
  • verb
  • To do something over again
  • To say something you have learned and memorized
  • To relate something you have been told by another
  • To say something again

simplicity

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US / sɪm'plɪsətɪ /

UK / sɪmˈplɪsɪti /

C1
  • noun
  • Being easy to understand or use

trust

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US / trʌst /

UK / trʌst /

A2
  • noun
  • Wealth or property held by one person for another
  • The belief that someone is honest
  • Care or responsibility of a person
  • verb
  • To expect confidently
  • To have confidence or faith
  • To be confident someone is honest and reliable
  • To believe someone to be honest and reliable

weakness

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US / ˈwi:knəs /

UK / ˈwiknɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Fault or bad quality preventing success
  • Liking for something that you are a bit ashamed of

structural

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US / ˈstrʌktʃərəl /

UK / ˈstrʌktʃərəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or caused by structure

center

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US / 'sentə /

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Community place people go health or social reasons
  • Place in the middle of something
  • Person or thing that is attracting attention
  • verb
  • To direct focus toward something

focus

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US / 'fəʊkəs /

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main purpose or center of interest or activity
  • verb
  • To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
  • To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

remember

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US / rɪ'membə(r) /

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
  • To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

extreme

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US / ɪk'stri:m /

UK / ɪkˈstrim /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very great in degree
  • Farthest from a center
  • Very severe; very strong
  • noun
  • Effort that is thought more than is necessary

either

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US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
  • adverb
  • (After negative statements) likewise, in addition
  • conjunction
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • determiner
  • Used as the first of two connected things
  • pronoun
  • The one or the other

collateral

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US / kəˈlætərəl /

UK / kəˈlætərəl /

C1
  • noun
  • Property you offer as security against a loan

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

quick

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US / kwɪk /

UK / kwɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Using very little time; moving far in little time
  • Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

position

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US / pəˈzɪʃn /

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • Specific location where someone or something is
  • Where you play or your role on a sports team
  • Person's job or status level
  • Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

underwent

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US / ˌʌndə'went /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈwɛnt /

B1
  • verb
  • To experience or endure something (bad)

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

successfully

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US / sək'sesfəlɪ /

UK / səkˈsɛsfəlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a manner that achieves a goal

sure

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US / ʃʊə(r) /

UK / ʃʊr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no doubts about something
  • Have confidence in your own words or actions
  • Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
  • Being correct or true
  • adverb
  • What you say to agree willingly

athlete

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US / ˈæθli:t /

UK / ˈæθˌlit /

B1
  • noun
  • Person trained to compete in sports

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

predispose

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US / ˌpri:dɪˈspəʊz /

UK / ˌpri:dɪˈspoʊz /

B2
  • verb
  • To make likely to think, or be, a certain way

wild

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US / waɪld /

UK / waɪld /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Living in nature; not tame
  • (Of land) not developed by people
  • adverb
  • In a manner which lacks control
  • noun
  • A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

basic

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US / 'beɪsɪk /

UK / ˈbesɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

code

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US / kəʊd /

UK / kod /

A2
  • noun
  • A password made of a set of letters or numbers
  • Set of rules for behavior
  • A secret language using secret symbols
  • Written part of a computer program
  • verb
  • To express information in a series of numbers
  • To write a secret message using secret symbols
  • To write programs using computer languages

lee

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US / li: /

UK / li /

A1
  • noun
  • The side of something that is sheltered from the wind

importantly

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US / ɪmˈpɔːtntli /

UK / ɪmˈpɔːrtntli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In an important way;

nourishing

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US / 'nʌrɪʃɪŋ /

UK / 'nʌrɪʃɪŋ /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause an idea, belief, or feeling to develop
  • To provide food and the necessary things to live

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

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US / saɪd /

UK / saɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition to the central or most important thing
  • Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
  • noun
  • Position or opinion that is opposite to another
  • Right or left part of a person's body
  • Feature of someone's personality
  • Straight edge of an object
  • One of two or more groups fighting each other
  • verb
  • To decide to agree with one point, not the other

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

gradual

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US / ˈgrædʒuəl /

UK / ˈɡrædʒuəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Moving slowly by small amounts, over time

medical

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US / ˈmedɪkl /

UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to physical health or medicine
  • noun
  • A health check or test

sort

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US / sɔ:t /

UK / sɔrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group or class of similar things or people
  • verb
  • To organize things by putting them into groups
  • To deal with things in an organized way

science

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US / 'saɪəns /

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Study of the physical world, based on facts

stabilizer

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US / ˈsteɪbəlaɪzə(r) /

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪzɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Device used to make something stable or balanced

shift

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US / ʃɪft /

UK / ʃɪft /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
  • noun
  • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
  • Period of work starting at a certain time
  • verb
  • To change in position or direction
  • To move something from one place to another

secondary

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US / ˈsekəndri /

UK / ˈsekənderi /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being of less importance than something else

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

geology

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US / dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ /

UK / dʒiˈɑlədʒi /

B1
  • noun
  • Study of the Earth's rocks, soil etc.

walk

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US / wɔ:k /

UK / wɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
  • verb
  • To move with your legs at a slowish pace

sudden

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US / ˈsʌdn /

UK / ˈsʌdn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or done quickly or unexpectedly

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

contract

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US / 'kɒntrækt /

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
  • Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
  • verb
  • To become ill as a result of getting a disease
  • To make an agreement for doing work for money
  • To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
  • To reduce the amount of

flexion

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US / ˈflekʃn /

UK / ˈflɛkʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • State of being flexed (as of a joint)deviation from a straight or normal courseact of bending a join

receiver

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US / rɪˈsi:və(r) /

UK / rɪˈsivɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Earpiece of a telephone

perfectly

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US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a faultless manner; without mistakes

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

straight

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US / streɪt /

UK / stret /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not having curves, bends, or angles
  • Not gay; heterosexual
  • honest and direct
  • adverb
  • in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

true

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US / tru: /

UK / tru: /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

someone

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US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person who is not known or named

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

component

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US / kəmˈpəʊnənt /

UK / kəmˈponənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being a part of something
  • noun
  • One of the parts that something is made up of

lateral

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US / 'lætərəl /

UK / ˈlætərəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • On the side; moving sideways

imagine

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US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

inside

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US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being in something
  • Being in a building
  • adverb
  • Into a house; indoors
  • noun
  • Inner part or surface of something

passive

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US / ˈpæsɪv /

UK / ˈpæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Allowing things to happen with quiet acceptance
  • With sentence's subject being what verb acts on

probably

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US / ˈprɒbəbli /

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

A1
  • adverb
  • That is likely to happen or be true

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

dewan

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US / dɪˈwɑːn /

UK / /

A1
  • noun

fire

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US / 'faɪə(r) /

UK / faɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Heat and the flame produced when burning
  • Intense energy for or about something
  • verb
  • To apply heat to something to make it hard
  • To make a person leave their job; dismiss
  • To shoot a gun or weapon
  • To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
  • To start working on something e.g. a project

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

comment

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US / 'kɒment /

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
  • verb
  • To say something that gives your opinion

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

evening

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US / ˈi:vnɪŋ /

UK / ˈivnɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Last part of the day and early part of night
  • A social event in the early part of the night
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

primary

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US / 'praɪmərɪ /

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Most important, most basic or essential
  • Happening first; earliest
  • of or for the teaching of young children

similar

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US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Nearly the same; alike

ultimately

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US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Done or considered as the final and most important

whenever

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US / wenˈevə(r) /

UK / hwɛnˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any or every time that

tears

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US / tɪəs /

UK / tɪrs /

A2
  • other
  • Drops of salty water from the eye
  • Holes or rips in something after it has been damaged
  • verb
  • To move very quickly, often with carelessness
  • To remove something forcibly or roughly
  • To damage by pulling, resulting in a rough edge

hit

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US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

tissue

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US / ˈtɪʃu: /

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
  • Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

present

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US / 'preznt /

UK / ˈprɛznt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • noun
  • Gift
  • Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
  • Current time; now
  • verb
  • To introduce someone to others
  • To host a program on television or radio
  • To give a speech or presentation
  • To show something to someone who will examine it
  • To appear or happen
  • To give an award or prize to someone

rotation

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US / rəʊˈteɪʃn /

UK / roʊˈteɪʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • Regular change of the crops grown in a field
  • Group who take turns performing a certain task
  • Regularly changing the time when people work
  • Movement in a circle around a central point

serious

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US / ˈsɪəriəs /

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Giving something great energy or sincerity
  • Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
  • Being sincere about something; not joking

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

brian

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US / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

UK / ˌsɪnsɪ'nætɪ /

A1

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

deficient

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US / dɪˈfɪʃnt /

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking something necessary

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

eye

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US / aɪ /

UK / aɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • The part of the body that you see with
  • The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
  • Hole at the end of a needle
  • verb
  • To watch or study something closely

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

care

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US / keə(r) /

UK / kɛr /

A1
  • noun
  • Treatment you receive for your health or safety
  • Something that a person worries about
  • verb
  • To feel interest, concern, or worry
  • To look after someone or something

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

iowa

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US / ˈaɪəwə /

UK / ˈaɪəwə /

A1
  • other
  • A dialect of the Chiwere language spoken by the Iowa
  • A member of the Siouan people formerly living in Iowa and Minnesota and Missouri
  • A state in midwestern United States

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

static

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US / ˈstætɪk /

UK / ˈstætɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning electricity that collects on a surface
  • Being unchangeable or unmovable
  • noun
  • Unwanted noise that disturbs a radio or TV signal

stitch

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US / stɪtʃ /

UK / stɪtʃ /

B1
  • noun
  • Pain in your side after running or exercising
  • Result of sewing thread going in and out of cloth
  • verb
  • To sew cloth or material together

storey

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

B1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

detrimental

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US / ˌdetrɪˈmentl /

UK / ˌdɛtrəˈmɛntl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Harmful

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

type

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US / taɪp /

UK / taɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
  • Group of things or people sharing common features
  • verb
  • To identify something belonging to a group
  • To write by touching keys on a keyboard

sustain

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US / sə'steɪn /

UK / səˈsten /

B2
  • verb
  • To lengthen or continue to do something
  • To support or maintain someone or something
  • To suffer something damaging or bad

essentially

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US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

despite

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US / dɪˈspaɪt /

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

A2
  • preposition
  • Without being affected by something; in spite of

jump

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US / dʒʌmp /

UK / dʒʌmp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large sudden increase
  • An act of springing into the air
  • Bar or other thing that is jumped over
  • A sudden movement due to surprise
  • verb
  • To attack someone suddenly
  • To push your body into the air with your legs
  • To suddenly decide to do something
  • To make a sudden movement due to surprise

norm

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US / nɔ:m /

UK / nɔ:rm /

B1
  • noun
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • An established standard of performance or behavior
  • verb
  • To make something average (statistics)

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

sprain

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US / spreɪn /

UK / spren /

C1
  • noun
  • An injury to a joint in the body
  • verb
  • To cause an injury to a joint in the body

touch

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US / tʌtʃ /

UK / tʌtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain way of doing that makes something special
  • A small amount of something
  • Feeling of a surface
  • verb
  • To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
  • To be next to each other with no space between
  • To get involved with (used in negative)
  • To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

strengthen

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US / ˈstreŋθn /

UK / ˈstrɛŋkθən,ˈstrɛŋ-,ˈstrɛn- /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something stronger

bizarre

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US / bɪˈzɑ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈzɑr /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Odd or strange

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

decrease

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US / dɪˈkri:s /

UK / dɪˈkris /

B1
  • noun
  • Amount by which something has been reduced
  • verb
  • To reduce the size, amount or number of something

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

perspective

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US / pə'spektɪv /

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
  • Ability to understand what is important in life

portion

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US / 'pɔ:ʃn /

UK / ˈpɔrʃən, ˈpor- /

B1
  • noun
  • Serving of food that is intended for one person
  • Part of something shared that belongs to a whole
  • verb
  • To separate something to divide among people

anatomy

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US / əˈnætəmi /

UK / əˈnætəmi /

B2
  • noun
  • Scientific study of the structure of (human) body

everybody

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US / ˈevribɒdi /

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everyone

land

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US / lænd /

UK / lænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Region or country
  • Earth; the ground
  • verb
  • To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
  • To obtain or get something that you wanted
  • To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
  • To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

lower

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US / 'ləʊə(r) /

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a position more near the bottom
  • verb
  • To move something downward to the ground

specifically

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US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

A2
  • adverb
  • As regards a particular thing; closely related to
  • In particular

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

yourself

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US / jɔ:ˈself /

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

unique

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US / jʊ'ni:k /

UK / juˈnik /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unlike other things; being the only one like it

extremely

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US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is much more than usual or expected

nba

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US / ˌenbi:'eɪ /

UK / ˌenbi:'eɪ /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • NBA is an acronym

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

tibia

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US / ˈtɪbiə /

UK / ˈtɪbiə /

A1
  • noun
  • Inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle

under

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US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

depend

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US / dɪˈpend /

UK / dɪˈpend /

B1
  • verb
  • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

rebuild

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US / ˌri:'bɪld /

UK / riˈbɪld /

A2
  • verb
  • To get back something that was lost, e.g. trust
  • To repair something that was damaged or destroyed

situation

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US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Place, position or area that something is in
  • Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
  • An unexpected problem or difficulty

amazing

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US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising in a pleasing way
  • verb
  • To cause wonder; to surprise completely

definitely

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US / ˈdefɪnətli /

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without question; beyond doubt

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

necessarily

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US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

nowadays

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US / ˈnaʊədeɪz /

UK / ˈnaʊəˌdez /

A2
  • adverb
  • At the present time; now

prominence

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US / ˈprɒmɪnəns /

UK / ˈprɑ:mɪnəns /

B2
  • noun
  • State or quality of being important or well known

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

therapy

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US / 'θerəpɪ /

UK / ˈθɛrəpi /

B2
  • noun
  • Treatment to help cure an illness

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

wrestler

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US / ˈreslə(r) /

UK / ˈrɛslɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Fighter holding parts of their opponents body

tenant

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US / ˈtenənt /

UK / ˈtɛnənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Someone who rents a place from the owner

undergo

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US / ˌʌndəˈgəʊ /

UK / ˌʌndərˈgoʊ /

B1
  • verb
  • To experience or endure something (bad)

difference

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US / 'dɪfrəns /

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

A1
  • noun
  • A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

leg

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US / leɡ /

UK / lɛɡ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the body from the hips down
  • The piece of furniture that touches the ground

joint

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US / dʒɔɪnt /

UK / dʒɔɪnt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Shared; involving working together; in common
  • noun
  • Body parts where bones meet and can move together
  • Point at which two things meet (e.g. a road)
  • A club or restaurant; place where you are

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

replace

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US / rɪ'pleɪs /

UK / rɪˈples /

A2
  • verb
  • To use instead of something else
  • To return an item to its original location

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

basketball

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US / ˈbɑ:skɪtbɔ:l /

UK / ˈbæskɪtbɔːl /

A2
  • noun
  • Team game played to throw the ball through a hoop

beckham

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US / 'bekɪt /

UK / 'bekɪt /

A1

career

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US / kə'rɪə(r) /

UK / kəˈrɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Particular occupation in professional life
  • verb
  • To move forward very fast and without control

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

somewhere

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US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

A1
  • adverb
  • At or to an unknown or unnamed place

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

femur

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US / ˈfi:mə(r) /

UK / ˈfimɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee

haircare

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US / ˈheəkeə /

UK / /

C2
  • noun
  • Caring for your hair; products for this

injure

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US / ˈɪndʒə(r) /

UK / ˈɪndʒɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To do (usually physical) harm or damage to

pop

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US / pɒp /

UK / pɑp /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Type of music or art popular with many people
  • noun
  • Sweet soda drink
  • verb
  • To cause something to open or burst suddenly
  • To go to or in a place for a brief period of time

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

abrupt

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US / əˈbrʌpt /

UK / əˈbrʌpt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very sudden, often in a bad way

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

collagen

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US / ˈkɒlədʒən /

UK / ˈkɑlədʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Type of protein that is often used in skin cream and in plastic surgery because it makes skin look y

compensate

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US / ˈkɒmpenseɪt /

UK / ˈkɑ:mpenseɪt /

A2
  • verb
  • To give (money) to as a form of correcting a loss

intact

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US / ɪn'tækt /

UK / ɪn'tækt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being complete, without damaged or missing parts

stabilize

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US / 'steɪbəlaɪz /

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To make stable/consistent, with no major changes

sometimes

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US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only at certain times; occasionally

surgical

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US / ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl /

UK / ˈsɜ:rdʒɪkl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to surgery or operations

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

degrade

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US / dɪ'ɡreɪd /

UK / dɪˈɡred /

B2
  • verb
  • To reduce in amount or strength
  • To treat something poorly or without respect

external

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US / eksˈtə:nl /

UK / ɪkˈstɚnəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning foreign countries
  • Concerning the outside of something; outer
  • Coming from the outside

hair

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US / heə(r) /

UK / her /

A1
  • noun
  • Long thin strands growing on your head or body
  • Short distance; a very small amount

hope

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US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

knee

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US / ni: /

UK / ni /

A2
  • noun
  • Middle part of your leg that bends
  • other
  • Middle part of your leg which bends
  • verb
  • To hit something with your knee

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

surgery

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US / 'sɜ:dʒərɪ /

UK / ˈsɚdʒəri /

B1
  • noun
  • A doctor's office; health clinic
  • Medical operation involving cutting into body

channel

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US / 'tʃænl /

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • TV or radio station or its programs
  • Method or way of sending or receiving information
  • Narrow passage through which water travels
  • Method or route used for sending or getting things
  • verb
  • To dig a long hole for carrying water
  • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
  • To direct water or liquid through a passage
  • To direct energy or feelings into something

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

reconstruct

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US / ˌri:kənˈstrʌkt /

UK / ˌrikənˈstrʌkt /

B1
  • verb
  • To rebuild something after it has been destroyed
  • To determine exactly how something happened

skin

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US / skɪn /

UK / skɪn /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
  • Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
  • Outer layer of an animal or human
  • Outer part of an object, such as a plane
  • verb
  • To defeat someone easily and completely
  • To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
  • To remove the outer covering from an animal

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

healing

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US / ˈhi:lɪŋ /

UK / 'hi:lɪŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of helping others to recover their health
  • verb
  • To recover from or forget a bad experience
  • To make or become healthy or well again

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

national

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US / 'næʃnəl /

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a nation as a whole
  • noun
  • A person of a particular country

shin

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US / ʃɪn /

UK / ʃɪn /

B2
  • noun
  • Front part of the lower leg, beneath the knee
  • verb
  • To climb up (tree or wall)

doctor

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US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
  • Person awarded the highest university degree
  • verb
  • To treat someone's illness
  • To change something in order to trick someone

native

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US / ˈneɪtɪv /

UK / ˈnetɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Caused by natural ability; innate
  • noun
  • Someone from or born in a specific country
  • Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
  • Person speaking a language from birth

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

spencer

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US / 'spensə /

UK / 'spensə /

A1
  • noun
  • A short, close-fitting jacket, worn by women and children in the early 19th century.
  • A boomless gaff sail on a square-rigged ship's foremast or mainmast (replaced in the mid 19th centur

typically

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US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a normal or usual way

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

deficiency

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US / dɪˈfɪʃnsi /

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Lack of something that is necessary

ingredient

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US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /

UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Food item used when making a meal or drink
  • Quality necessary to be something to work well

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

brand

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US / brænd /

UK / brænd /

A2
  • noun
  • A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
  • Product made or designed by a named company
  • verb
  • To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
  • To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
  • To give a famous name to a product or service

aggressive

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US / əˈgresɪv /

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
  • Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

anterior

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US / ænˈtɪəriə(r) /

UK / ænˈtɪriɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Front

degenerate

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US / dɪ'dʒenəreɪt /

UK / dɪ'dʒenəreɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Having become morally corrupt
  • verb
  • To become something worse or inferior; deteriorate

front

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US / frʌnt /

UK / frʌnt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
  • noun
  • Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
  • Area where fighting in a war is happening
  • Place where air of different temperatures meets
  • verb
  • To have the forward part facing something
  • To lead a group of people, usually a band

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

pcl

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • PCL is an acronym

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

perhaps

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US / pəˈhæps /

UK / pɚˈhæps /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

murray

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US / ˈmʌri, ˈmə:- /

UK / ˈmɚri /

A1
  • other
  • A southeast Australian river; flows westward and then south into the Indian Ocean at Adelaide
  • Scottish philologist and the lexicographer who shaped the Oxford English Dictionary

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

fix

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US / fɪks /

UK / fɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • Answer to a problem
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something
  • To attach something so it will not move or change
  • To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
  • To make an animal unable to produce young
  • To make something whole or able to work again

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

powerful

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US / ˈpauəful /

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having control or influence over
  • Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

south

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US / saʊθ /

UK / saʊθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
  • Coming from the opposite direction from north
  • noun
  • The direction to your right of the rising sun

trial

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US / ˈtraɪəl /

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being made or done as a test or experiment
  • noun
  • Hearing and judgment of a case in court
  • Act or process of testing or experimenting
  • verb
  • To be made or done as a test or experiment

structure

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US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
  • verb
  • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

repair

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US / rɪˈpeə(r) /

UK / rɪˈper /

A2
  • noun
  • How well cared for a thing is; physical condition
  • Action to fix or restore something that is broken
  • verb
  • To fix or restore something that is broken
  • To fix or correct the damage that one has caused

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weight

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US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A2
  • noun
  • How heavy something is
  • Metal object to measure how heavy something is
  • Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
  • A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

description

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US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of what something is like, looks like

credit

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US / 'kredɪt /

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a positive amount of money
  • noun
  • System to buy something and pay for it later
  • Points earned instead of money
  • Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
  • Points earned towards a university degree
  • verb
  • To add a certain amount of money to a total
  • To recognize someone's achievements or help

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

pattern

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US / 'pætn /

UK / ˈpætən /

A2
  • noun
  • Model to follow in making or doing something
  • Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
  • Regular repeated behavior
  • verb
  • To copy the way something else is made

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

helpful

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US / ˈhelpfl /

UK / ˈhɛlpfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Doing things that help someone

internal

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US / inˈtə:nəl /

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being or happening in the body
  • Being, happening in a country, state, organization
  • Within or inside; interior; not external

prevent

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US / prɪ'vent /

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To stop something from happening or existing

role

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US / rəʊl /

UK / rol /

A2
  • noun
  • Character played by an actor
  • Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

sport

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US / spɔ:t /

UK / spɔː(r)t /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is done for fun, e.g. football
  • Game or physical exercise with rules
  • Someone with a good attitude when things go badly
  • verb
  • To do something for fun, e.g. playing with animals
  • To wear, or show something off by wearing it

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

bone

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US / bəʊn /

UK / bon /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
  • verb
  • To remove bones from meat or fish

cumulative

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US / ˈkju:mjələtɪv /

UK / ˈkju:mjəleɪtɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Getting larger slowly through more additions

north

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US / nɔ:θ /

UK / nɔ:rθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Coming from the opposite direction to the south
  • noun
  • Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

pronator

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US / prəʊˈneɪtə(r) /

UK / ˈproʊˌneɪtər /

A1
  • other
  • A muscle that produces or assists in pronation

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

routine

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US / ru:ˈti:n /

UK / ruˈtin /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or done regularly or habitually
  • Always the same; boring through lack of variety
  • noun
  • Regular or habitual way of behaving or doing
  • Series of actions that make up a performance

cut

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US / kʌt /

UK / kʌt /

A1
  • noun
  • Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
  • Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
  • A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To reduce the size or amount of something
  • To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

bye

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US / baɪ /

UK / baɪ /

A1
  • exclamation
  • Saying farewell to someone

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

hook

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US / hʊk /

UK / hʊk /

B1
  • noun
  • Bent tool used to catch fish or to hang things on
  • The start of a story which catches your interest
  • verb
  • To make a bent or curved shape
  • To catch your interest completely
  • To catch, hang or attach something with a bent wire

inward

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US / ˈɪnwəd /

UK / ˈɪnwərd /

B1
  • adverb
  • At the inside of

research

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
  • Work done to find or discover knowledge
  • verb
  • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

tommy

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US / 'tɒmɪ /

UK / 'tɑ:mɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • A British private soldier.

shout

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US / ʃaʊt /

UK / ʃaʊt /

A2
  • noun
  • Speaking loudly so you get attention
  • verb
  • To speak very loudly to get attention

build

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US / bɪld /

UK / bɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • Your physical shape; physique
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

feature

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US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main; important
  • noun
  • Special report in a magazine or paper
  • Distinctive or important point of something
  • verb
  • To highlight or give special importance to

prove

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US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

direction

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US / də'rekʃn /

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

A2
  • noun
  • When someone tells people what to do
  • Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

quiz

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US / kwɪz /

UK / kwɪz /

B1
  • noun
  • A game in which players answer questions on topics
  • Brief spoken or written test, given to students
  • verb
  • To ask a person many questions about something

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

technique

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US / tekˈni:k /

UK / tɛkˈnik /

A2
  • noun
  • Way of doing by using special knowledge or skill

oppose

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US / əˈpəʊz /

UK / əˈpoʊz /

A2
  • verb
  • To fight against someone in a contest or game

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

movement

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US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music

pitcher

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US / ˈpɪtʃə(r) /

UK / ˈpɪtʃɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who throws the ball during a baseball game
  • Jug to hold and pour liquids

main

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US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

rupture

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US / 'rʌptʃə(r) /

UK / ˈrʌptʃɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • A crack or break in something
  • Medical tear or break in something, e.g. a muscle
  • verb
  • To (cause to) burst or break
  • Medical to tear or break

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

alignment

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US / əˈlaɪnmənt /

UK / əˈlaɪnmənt /

B2
  • noun
  • Agreement to work together on a common goal

planting

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US / ˈplɑːntɪŋ /

UK / ˈplæntɪŋ /

A2
  • verb
  • To firmly position something (in the ground)
  • To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

elbow

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US / 'elbəʊ /

UK / ˈɛlˌbo /

B2
  • noun
  • Middle part of the arm, which bends
  • verb
  • To push another person with the side of your arm

derrick

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US / ˈderɪk /

UK / ˈdɛrɪk /

C2
  • noun
  • Framework erected over an oil well to allow drill

general

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US / 'dʒenrəl /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Widespread, normal or usual
  • noun
  • Top ranked officer in the army

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

personalize

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US / ˈpɜ:sənəlaɪz /

UK / ˈpɜ:rsənəlaɪz /

C1
  • verb
  • To make personal or more personal

miss

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US / mɪs /

UK / mɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Action of not hitting something or someone
  • Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
  • verb
  • To be absent
  • To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
  • To do without something
  • To fail to see or sense something
  • To fail to understand someone's message
  • To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
  • To feel you want to see someone who is not there

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

snap

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US / snæp /

UK / snæp /

B1
  • noun
  • An informal word for a photograph
  • verb
  • To close your mouth quickly like biting something
  • To break something dry and thin, e.g. a branch
  • To lose control of your emotions; get angry

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

functional

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US / ˈfʌŋkʃənl /

UK / ˈfʌŋkʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Useful; not just for decoration

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

severe

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US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

UK / səˈvɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; harsh
  • Being very serious or extremely bad
  • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

discover

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US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To find something new that was not known before

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

compromise

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US / 'kɒmprəmaɪz /

UK / ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz /

B1
  • noun
  • When you lessen your demands to get agreement
  • verb
  • To weaken your position or views
  • To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
  • To put something at risk or in danger

play

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US / pleɪ /

UK / pleɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Loose, free movement between two objects
  • Single action in a sports game
  • Performance in which people act in a theater
  • verb
  • To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
  • To perform music on an instrument
  • To use a device, e.g. a video game
  • To do something for enjoyment and fun
  • To do or perform a game or sport

school

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US / sku:l /

UK / skul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being to do with schools and education
  • noun
  • Large group of fish that swim together
  • Education of a child
  • Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
  • A particular belief or idea about something
  • verb
  • To teach or train someone to know or do something

this

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US / ðɪs /

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  • Subtitles section
  • The ACL is one of the most important ligaments in a basketball player's knee.
  • And when it tears, it can be extremely detrimental to their NBA career.
  • So how is it possible that one man had a successful NBA career, missing not only an ACL in one knee, but in both?
  • Welcome back everybody, I'm Dr. Brian Souter, and my goal in this channel is to help teach you about the medical side of the sports world.
  • And in this video, we're gonna touch on the medical marvel that is DeJuan Blair.
  • Specifically this story that he had no ACL in either knee, yet was able to play a successful NBA career.
  • I wanna start with a basic review of the function of the ACL, and then we'll talk about how it gets torn, and why DeJuan Blair was able to play successfully despite not having one.
  • Within the knee, there are four primary stabilizing ligaments.
  • On the inside of the knee is going to be the MCL that runs from north to south.
  • On the outside is going to be the LCL, stands for lateral, meaning outside collateral ligament.
  • And then deep inside the knee is going to be the ACL.
  • And then if we rotate around to the backside, we'll see the PCL.
  • An injury to any four of these ligaments can be pretty serious for an athlete, but typically it's the ACL that we think of as being one of the most severe, because of the function that it plays with stabilizing the knee joint.
  • Remember that ligaments are basically ropes.
  • They're passive structures in the body made up of collagen that connect two bones to one another.
  • So it's unlike a muscle in that a muscle is going to fire and actively adapt or move or control what it's doing, depending on the external forces or your activation pattern.
  • A ligament is just static, it's just there.
  • It's not able to change and necessarily adapt or fire on command.
  • And we have to look at the direction of the ACL to understand then the motion that that ligament or that rope is preventing within the body.
  • This of course is going to be the femur or the thigh bone going up high, and then the tibia or the shin bone going down lower.
  • The ACL is shown here in red.
  • And so the ACL runs from the front or the anterior portion of the tibia to the backside of the femur.
  • So because of this front to back direction, the primary role of the ACL is to prevent the tibia or the shin bone from moving forward relative to the femur.
  • So if we draw a line straight down from the front of the femur, the ACL is going to keep that shin bone from popping forward.
  • Now there's also going to be a rotational component because if we look straight on, the ACL is not perfectly in that plane.
  • It's gonna run from the inside portion of the tibia to the outside portion of the femur.
  • So it's also going to help prevent rotational movements of the knee.
  • So then if we look at a classic example of an ACL tear, we can understand what exactly is happening.
  • Here's this receiver plants with his left leg.
  • You can see that knee cave inward a little bit, but then more importantly, after the ACL is torn, you can actually see his shin bone, this prominence right here, that's popped forward relative to the thigh bone.
  • And then when the weight comes off of his foot, we all of a sudden will see it snap back upwards right there into that position.
  • So that motion where the tibia has popped forward relative to the femur is because the ACL has torn.
  • And then when the weight comes off the foot, we see it snap back up.
  • The rotational component of what the ACL is doing comes into play because of that position where the knee is coming inward.
  • When the foot lands and plants, that knee comes inward and we can see this rotation of the shin, this rotation of the tibia internal relative to the femur, which is also gonna put extra stress on the ACL and then help to lead to its rupture.
  • With those basic biomechanics of the ACL in mind, we'll next talk about what happened with Dewan and why he was able to prevent this from happening despite having no ACL.
  • But first, I wanna give a quick shout out to the sponsor of this video.
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  • The story with Dewan is that he injured both ACLs supposedly in high school and underwent a surgery to try and fix the torn ACL.
  • Whenever we fix torn ligaments or tendons in the body, there's two ways that we do it.
  • We either do a reconstruction or a repair.
  • A repair is whenever you take the native tendon or the native ligament in this case, and you stitch the two ends back together.
  • You repair what's already there.
  • A reconstruction, which is what's done for an ACL nowadays, is when you take a different tendon or a different tissue from somewhere else in the body, and you use that to rebuild or reconstruct the ligament.
  • So you're essentially making a brand new ACL as opposed to stitching the two ends together.
  • There are some newer techniques trying to actually repair the ACL that are being researched, but when Dewan went through this, they would have been doing a reconstruction.
  • The challenge is that sometimes that graft that we call it that we put inside the knee to replace the ACL just doesn't take.
  • It doesn't heal.
  • It fades away.
  • It degrades.
  • And you lose that structural stability from that ACL no longer being functional.
  • So this must have been what happened with Dewan.
  • He underwent surgery to try and reconstruct that ACL, but the graft never took for some reason or the graft was re-injured.
  • And then when doctors looked again later on, they discovered that there was no intact ligament present within the knee.
  • One of the main reasons why Dewan was able to be successful despite not having a true intact ACL was the position he played.
  • As a center or forward, he wasn't doing a lot of cutting and pivoting.
  • And an ACL injury is something that typically happens to an athlete that's cutting and pivoting and is more important in an athlete that's cutting and pivoting.
  • If we look at a classic example here with Derrick Rose, we can see when he was cutting, he plants.
  • That motion was when Derrick Rose tore his ACL.
  • When Jamal Murray tore his ACL, it was the same sort of thing.
  • He was cutting, he was planting on that left leg.
  • He was trying to push off and change directions when he sustained his ACL tear.
  • So while basketball is still an aggressive and general cut pivot sport, being a center or a forward is less of a cut and pivot position than something like a guard.
  • It'd be really hard to imagine a guard being successful with both knees having compromised ACLs, but when you're doing a lot of more straight line running and jumping, the ACL isn't as important.
  • But it still is really bizarre, and that's where we have to understand the biomechanics of the knee and how your knee is able to functionally compensate.
  • When we look at our anatomy model here again, what I wanna do is bring up the hamstring muscles.
  • Of course, the hamstring muscles sit on the backside of the thigh, and whenever your hamstring muscles contract, they're going to pull your leg upwards into knee flexion, but it's also going to pull your tibia backwards.
  • It's gonna pull the tibia backwards relative to the femur.
  • And remember, that's basically what the ACL is doing.
  • It's preventing the tibia from moving forwards.
  • Therefore, it's keeping it stabilized and helping to position in a backwards direction.
  • So this means if you take an extreme example and you think, well, the tibia is going to be pushed all the way out forward.
  • If you fire the hamstrings, the hamstrings are going to help pull that tibia backwards in an active fashion to restabilize it within the alignment of the joint.
  • Now, the hamstrings aren't going to have as much of a rotational component, but they're going to help actively stabilize the knee to prevent the tibia from going forward relative to the femur, which again is the main function of the ACL.
  • This is why hamstring rehab is one of the central tenants of ACL injuries.
  • It's people we see with deficient weak hamstrings might be more predisposed to an ACL tear because that hamstring isn't able to actively help to stabilize and support the ACL.
  • There's other muscles as well around the knee that are helping to provide that active stability.
  • Remember, the ACL is passive.
  • It's not able to adapt.
  • It's not changing.
  • It's not firing on command, but the muscles around your knee can fire on command to have more functional, stabilizing, active effects to sort of compensate whenever that ACL has been injured.
  • In the case of someone like Dewan, he would have undergone a period of rehab, rest, physical therapy after his surgeries where they would have been working on these compensatory muscles.
  • And it probably wasn't a sudden situation where the ACL graft was never there.
  • It was probably a very gradual process where things kind of degenerated over time.
  • And when it's gradual like this, it gives your body more time to compensate as opposed to being a sudden, ridiculous, abrupt change.
  • And we've seen other athletes with similar stories, right?
  • Odell Beckham had his ACL reconstructed and then at some point, re-injured it, sprained it.
  • It was probably a cumulative type of thing before it ultimately hit a critical point in the Super Bowl where it completely tore.
  • He felt a functional shift once again.
  • There was a wrestler for the University of Iowa, Spencer Lee, who won national championships without an ACL on his knee.
  • So we hear about these stories and they're definitely really unique, really unusual, and definitely not the norm, but it's also a good example of the power of the human body to compensate.
  • This difference between passive stabilizers and active stabilizers.
  • And so remember, when we see athletes who get these ligament injuries, it's not just about the ligament healing from a surgical perspective, as it is allowing your body to learn to compensate, to strengthen these functional secondary stabilizers to help protect the joint.
  • When we think about the elbow, for example, with a pitcher who might have Tommy John surgery, there's an active stabilizer in the elbow joint called the flexor pronator muscles that actually sits on top of the UCL ligament.
  • And whenever people have weakness or deficiencies with that flexor pronator muscle, it does the same sort of thing, where it puts the UCL ligament under more stress, making it more likely to injure.
  • So part of the way is we can help with decreasing the risks of UCL injuries to have good active stabilizers with that flexor pronator muscle to help support the passive structure of the UCL.
  • It's a wild story, and I love it because it shows just how amazing the human body is.
  • Also, you have to give a lot of credit to DeJuan because he would have had to have put in that rehab, that exercise, keep with those routines to keep that active stability when the ACL wasn't there to function.
  • So that's it for the video, everybody.
  • Let me know as always any questions or comments down below.
  • Hope it was interesting.
  • And until next time, I'll see you later.
  • Bye.