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The Phantom Island of Google Maps

Original YouTube Video | JayForeman Published on 2024-04-24 Level：87 Speed：84 maxwordlevel：23

Video vocabulary

bother

US / 'bɒðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbɑðɚ /

noun
Problems, concern or worry for someone
A disturbance; trouble
verb
To cause problems, concerns or worry for someone
To take the trouble to do something

distort

US / dɪ'stɔ:t /

•

UK / dɪˈstɔrt /

verb
To change the shape, appearance, or sound
To exaggerate the truth or fact, e.g. to deceive

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

mist

US / mɪst /

•

UK / mɪst /

noun
Light water droplets in air, so you can't see well
A fine spray of water, perfume etc.
verb
To cover something with small drops of water
To spray very fine droplets of water, perfume etc.

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

edition

US / ɪˈdɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈdɪʃən /

noun
Form in which a book, magazine etc. is released

egg

US / eg /

•

UK / ɛɡ /

noun
Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

fairytale

US / ˈfeəriteil /

•

UK / ˈfɛriˌtel /

noun
Story about fairies told to amuse children

fancy

US / 'fænsɪ /

•

UK / ˈfænsi /

adjecitve
Unusual and attractive in design
verb
To want to have or do something; feel like
To imagine or suppose that something will happen
To believe or imagine something that is not true

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

witchcraft

US / ˈwɪtʃkrɑ:ft /

•

UK / ˈwɪtʃˌkrɑːft /

noun
Performing magic using spells, often to harm

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

pumice

US / ˈpʌmɪs /

•

UK / ˈpʌmɪs /

noun
Gray light stone with holes, coming from volcanoes

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

digitize

US / 'dɪdʒɪtaɪz /

•

UK / 'dɪdʒɪtaɪz /

other
To change information or pictures to digital form
verb
To change information or pictures to digital form

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

sandy

US / ˈsændi /

•

UK / ˈsændi /

adjecitve
Having a yellowish-brown color
Containing or covered with a lot of sand
noun
Person's name

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

boat

US / bəʊt /

•

UK / bot /

noun
Small form of transport for traveling on water
verb
To travel on a lake or river

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

lean

US / li:n /

•

UK / lin /

adjecitve
Having a low fat content
Efficient; well-designed with no waste
Thin; slim; skinny; with little fat on your body
verb
To balance against or on something for support
To have a tendency to do something; favor

iceberg

US / 'aɪsbɜ:ɡ /

•

UK / ˈaɪsˌbə:ɡ /

noun
Very large mass of floating ice in the sea

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

independent

US / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
noun
A person not connected to a political party

navigation

US / ˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Act of finding and following the correct course

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

stitch

US / stɪtʃ /

•

UK / stɪtʃ /

noun
Pain in your side after running or exercising
Result of sewing thread going in and out of cloth
verb
To sew cloth or material together

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

existence

US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /

noun
State of being present, alive or real

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

dial

US / 'daɪəl /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəl /

noun
Face of a clock that shows the time
A knob or switch
verb
To call a person or place on a telephone

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

goose

US / gu:s /

•

UK / ɡus /

noun
Large water bird related to a duck
Someone you think is silly or foolish
verb
To touch someone on their bottom

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

proper

US / 'prɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɑpɚ /

adjecitve
Correct according to social or moral rules

undaunted

US / ˌʌnˈdɔ:ntɪd /

•

UK / ʌnˈdɔntɪd, -ˈdɑn- /

adjecitve
Unshaken in purpose

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

wikipedia

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to the collaboratively written online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
noun
A person who contributes to the collaboratively written online encyclopedia Wikipedia, especially on

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

admiral

US / 'ædmərəl /

•

UK / ˈædmərəl /

noun
A person with a high rank in a navy

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

confuse

US / kənˈfju:z /

•

UK / kənˈfjuz /

verb
To make something unclear or hard to understand

island

US / ˈaɪlənd /

•

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

noun
Area of land that is surrounded by water

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

merely

US / ˈmiəli /

•

UK / ˈmɪrli /

adverb
Only, simply, or nothing more than

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

unsuspecting

US / ˌʌnsəˈspektɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌʌnsəˈspɛktɪŋ /

adjecitve
Not feeling doubts or suspicions

evil

US / 'i:vl /

•

UK / ˈivəl /

adjecitve
Morally bad; causing harm to people
noun
Act considered morally bad
Value, condition, or conduct that causes suffering

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

discrepancy

US / dɪs'krepənsɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɛpənsi /

noun
Difference between amounts that should be the same

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

peninsula

US / pə'nɪnsjələ /

•

UK / pəˈnɪnsjələ, -sələ /

noun
Narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

publication

US / ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpʌblɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Process of producing a book, magazine
Written work that has been printed and issued

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

wrongly

US / ˈrɒŋli /

•

UK / ˈrɔ:ŋli /

adverb
In error; unfairly; unjustly
In a way that is untrue, unfair or incorrect

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

terrify

US / ˈterɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəˌfaɪ /

verb
To scare or greatly frighten

trust

US / trʌst /

•

UK / trʌst /

noun
Wealth or property held by one person for another
The belief that someone is honest
Care or responsibility of a person
verb
To expect confidently
To have confidence or faith
To be confident someone is honest and reliable
To believe someone to be honest and reliable

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

curious

US / ˈkjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈkjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Wanting to know more about something
Attracting interest by being strange or unusual

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

discovery

US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

noun
Learning something for the first time

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

phantom

US / 'fæntəm /

•

UK / ˈfæntəm /

adjecitve
Being unreal or imaginary
noun
A spirit or ghost existing only in a person's mind

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

similarity

US / ˌsɪmə'lærətɪ /

•

UK / ˌsɪməˈlærɪti /

noun
Degree to which people or things are the same

twelve

US / twelv /

•

UK / twɛlv /

number
12

cartographer

US / kɑ:ˈtɒgrəfə(r) /

•

UK / kɑrˈtɑɡrəfɚ /

noun
Someone who makes or draws maps

era

US / 'ɪərə /

•

UK / 'ɪrə /

noun
Period characterized by particular events, people

float

US / fləʊt /

•

UK / floʊt /

noun
Object designed to stay on the surface of water
Decorated truck used in a festival
verb
To sell the shares of a company publicly
To move slowly and easily through air
To rest on the surface of water without sinking

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

whom

US / hu:m /

•

UK / hum /

pronoun
Used in formal writing or speech

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

sail

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Trip or journey on a ship
Cloth used to power a boat by wind
verb
To travel across water in a boat or a ship
To move along quickly and smoothly

hallucination

US / həˌlu:sɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / həˌlusəˈneʃən /

noun
Seeing things that are not there, as from drug use

sailor

US / ˈseɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈselɚ /

noun
Someone who helps sail a boat as their job

duct

US / dʌkt /

•

UK / dʌkt /

noun
Narrow tube carrying a liquid within body or plant
Pipe or tube acting as a channel for liquids/gases

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

snowball

US / 'snəʊbɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈsnoʊˌbɔl /

noun
Ball of snow you throw at each other
verb
To increase dramatically in number or degree

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

perk

US / pɜ:k /

•

UK / pɜ:rk /

noun
An advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, that you are given because of your job
verb
To suddenly get more energy

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

precisely

US / prɪˈsaɪsli /

•

UK / prɪˈsaɪsli /

adverb
In an exact and accurate manner
(Emphasizes that a statement is totally correct)

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

doherty

US / ˈdoʊərti /

•

UK / /

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

peep

US / pi:p /

•

UK / pip /

noun
Word or sound (used in the negative, etc.)
verb
To look at secretly or when you shouldn't

persist

US / pə'sɪst /

•

UK / pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst /

verb
To continue a course of action despite opposition

mission

US / 'mɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

noun
A task or role someone is given to do
Special assignment given to a person or group
Group tasked with a specific duty
A task given to someone to gain or achieve
Religious group wishing to convert others
Housing for a religious group working overseas
Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

successfully

US / sək'sesfəlɪ /

•

UK / səkˈsɛsfəlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that achieves a goal

beanstalk

US / ˈbi:nstɔ:k /

•

UK / ˈbinˌstɔk /

noun
Stem of a bean plant

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

explorer

US / ɪkˈsplɔ:rə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor- /

noun
Person who travels to places to discover more them

perfectly

US / ˈpɜ:fɪktli /

•

UK / ˈpəfɪktli /

adverb
In a faultless manner; without mistakes

novel

US / 'nɒvl /

•

UK / ˈnɑvəl /

adjecitve
Unusual and new or different from previous things
noun
Written fiction story

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

summary

US / ˈsʌməri /

•

UK / ˈsʌməri /

adjecitve
Brief, complete and accurate
noun
Shorter statement of the most important parts

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

cloak

US / kləʊk /

•

UK / kloʊk /

noun
Long loose garment worn over clothes, for warmth

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

driftwood

US / ˈdrɪftwʊd /

•

UK / ˈdrɪftˌwʊd /

noun
Wood that is floating or has been washed ashore

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

write

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

verb
To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
To invent or create a computer program
To create a song or piece of music

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

fresh

US / freʃ /

•

UK / frɛʃ /

adjecitve
Clean; not used or dirty
Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
Newly made or gathered
(Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

overcome

US / ˌəʊvə'kʌm /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈkʌm /

verb
To succeed in a struggle against; defeat

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

climb

US / klaɪm /

•

UK / klaɪm /

noun
A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
verb
To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

doubt

US / daʊt /

•

UK / daʊt /

noun
Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
verb
To question the truth or certainty of something

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

kill

US / kɪl /

•

UK / kɪl /

noun
Animal killed by a person or other animal
verb
To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
To end the life of a person or other living thing
To be very funny
To prevent something from continuing or operating
To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

mountainous

US / ˈmaʊntənəs /

•

UK / ˈmaʊntənəs /

adjecitve
Containing mountains; (land) with very high hills
A very large amount of something, e.g. work

populate

US / 'pɒpjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɑpjəˌlet /

verb
To live in a particular area, as a group

sorry

US / ˈsɒri /

•

UK / ˈsɑ:ri /

exclamation
What you say to admit you were wrong
adjecitve
Causing others to feel pity; poor
Feeling regret or sympathy about wrong thing

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

artistic

US / ɑ:ˈtɪstɪk /

•

UK / ɑ:rˈtɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Being able to paint, write music, etc.; creative

bore

US / bɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɔr, bor /

verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge
To make a deep hole in the ground with a drill
To make someone not interested in something

everybody

US / ˈevribɒdi /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi /

pronoun
Every person; everyone

coincidence

US / kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns /

•

UK / koʊˈɪnsɪdəns /

noun
Occurrence by chance, not design or planned
State in which two ideas or opinions are the same

colonize

US / 'kɒlənaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkɑləˌnaɪz /

verb
To take control over place and live there

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

sketch

US / sketʃ /

•

UK / skɛtʃ /

noun
Brief account of something without many details
A drawing made quickly that lacks detail
Brief, funny scene as part of a performance
verb
To make a rough plan or idea of something
To draw images roughly with a pencil

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

royal

US / 'rɔɪəl /

•

UK / ˈrɔɪəl /

adjecitve
Excellent or grand; suitable for a king or queen
Concerning a king or queen
Used in some titles of noble persons, places

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

board

US / bɔ:d /

•

UK / bɔrd, bord /

noun
Surface for posting or showing information
Group of persons who direct an organization
Long piece of material used for riding the waves
Long thin piece of wood, used for building; plank
verb
To enter a ship, plane, or other vehicle
To cover with long wooden strips of wood
To pay money to live in someone's house; lodge

cold

US / kəʊld /

•

UK / kold /

adjecitve
Having a very low temperature
Being unfriendly or lacking emotion
noun
Illness of sneezing, coughing, and a sore throat

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

reliable

US / rɪˈlaɪəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being likely to be true; believable
Deserving of your trust; dependable

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

california

US / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:njə, -'fɔ:ni:ə /

•

UK / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:rnjəˌ -'fɔ:rni:ə /

noun
A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the rd largest state; known for earthquakes

existent

US / ɪgˈzɪstənt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstənt /

adjecitve
Still existing; real; actual

criminal

US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

adjecitve
Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
Not justifiable; shameful
noun
Person who commits a crime

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

tasty

US / ˈteɪsti /

•

UK / ˈtesti /

adjecitve
Good tasting; having a lot of flavor

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

nowadays

US / ˈnaʊədeɪz /

•

UK / ˈnaʊəˌdez /

adverb
At the present time; now

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

website

US / ˈwebsaɪt /

•

UK / 'websaɪt /

noun
Collection of webpages in one location

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

nimrod

US / ˈnimrɔd /

•

UK / ˈnɪmˌrɑd /

noun
Famous hunter

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

victim

US / ˈvɪktɪm /

•

UK / ˈvɪktɪm /

noun
Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
Person/animal killed and offered as a sacrifice
Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
Person who is tricked or made to suffer

black

US / blæk /

•

UK / blæk /

adjecitve
Color of the sky on a dark night
noun
A person with dark skin, often of African origin
Person's name
verb
To fill in something to make it a very dark color

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

gulf

US / gʌlf /

•

UK / ɡʌlf /

noun
Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
Wide separation or difference between two groups
Deep hole in the ground

dangle

US / ˈdæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈdæŋɡəl /

verb
To hang loosely in the air; hold a thing like this

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

incidentally

US / ˌɪnsɪˈdentli /

•

UK / ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntli /

adverb
As part of something else; as it happens
(Used to introduce a different topic); by the way

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

special

US / 'speʃl /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəl /

adjecitve
Being additional or extra
Different, better or greater than normal
noun
Heavily discounted sales item

romantic

US / rəʊˈmæntɪk /

•

UK / roʊˈmæntɪk /

adjecitve
Relating to courtship or love
Being impractical, unrealistic, or idealistic
Of or involving the ideas or values of romanticism
noun
People who like love, candlelit dinners, etc.
Person living in a fantasy-like world not reality

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

delight

US / dɪ'laɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈlaɪt /

noun
Strong feeling of great pleasure
verb
To give someone pleasure or joy

inaccuracy

US / ɪn'ækjərəsɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈækjərəsi /

noun
Something containing an error; being inaccurate

aerial

US / 'eərɪəl /

•

UK / ˈɛriəl, eˈɪriəl /

adjecitve
Being done, living or seen in the air
noun
Antenna; device for receiving radio/ TV signal

inch

US / ɪntʃ /

•

UK / ɪntʃ /

noun
1/12th of a foot (2.54 centimeters)
Very small distance
verb
To move or cause to move a small bit at a time

brazil

US / brəˈzɪl /

•

UK / brəˈzɪl /

noun
Largest Latin American country and Largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the

convince

US / kən'vɪns /

•

UK / kənˈvɪns /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

irish

US / ˈaɪrɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈaɪrɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Ireland

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

mirage

US / 'mɪrɑ:ʒ /

•

UK / mɪˈrɑʒ /

noun
Thing you think you can see but not really there

mystery

US / ˈmɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪstəri /

noun
Quality of being strange and not understood
Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
Something that is not known

ownership

US / ˈəʊnəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈoʊnərʃɪp /

noun
State of having a legal right to possess something

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

farmer

US / ˈfɑ:mə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɑ:rmə(r) /

noun
Person who operates a farm

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

shackleton

US / 'ʃæbɪ /

•

UK / ˈʃæbi /

surprise

US / səˈpraɪz /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

adjecitve
That surprises you; not expected
noun
Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

belong

US / bɪ'lɒŋ /

•

UK / bɪˈlɔŋ /

verb
To be a welcomed as a new member of a group
To own something
To be in the right place or situation

emerald

US / ˈemərəld /

•

UK / ˈɛmərəld, ˈɛmrəld /

noun
Green-colored gemstone

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

lazy

US / ˈleɪzi /

•

UK / ˈlezi /

adjecitve
Not liking to work or make an effort; idle

hmm

US / m /

•

UK / m /

exclamation
Sound people make when they are confused

november

US / nəʊˈvembə(r) /

•

UK / noˈvɛmbɚ /

noun
11th month of the year

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

survey

US / 'sɜ:veɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜː(r)veɪ /

noun
Broad view or general description of something
Act of measuring land or property to make a map
Set of questions used to ask people about a topic
verb
To offer a broad view or general description
To measure an area of land to make a map of it
To ask people a question about a particular topic

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

fictional

US / ˈfɪkʃənl /

•

UK / ˈfɪkʃənl: /

adjecitve
Including people and events that are not real

king

US / kɪŋ /

•

UK / kɪŋ /

noun
Person considered the best or top at something
Playing card with the image of a king on it
Key piece in the game of chess
Royal male ruler of a country
Person's name

pole

US / pəʊl /

•

UK / pol /

noun
One of two opposite ideas, qualities or positions
Most northern or most southern point on a planet
A long, narrow piece of metal or wood
One of two opposite magnetic forces
An upright long thin structure to support things
verb
To move a boat with a stick or pole

ought

US / ˈɔːt /

•

UK / ˈɑːt /

verb
Used to indicate duty or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions

silly

US / 'sɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪli /

adjecitve
Careless
Acting funny or playfully
Not being serious or important

ship

US / ʃɪp /

•

UK / ʃɪp /

noun
Large boat
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

explanation

US / ˌekspləˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkspləˈneʃən /

noun
Details or reasons given to make something clear

historically

US / hɪ'stɒrɪklɪ /

•

UK / hɪsˈtɔrɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In history; in the past

pack

US / pæk /

•

UK / pæk /

noun
Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
Group of people, animals, or objects
verb
To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
To crowd a place with a large amount of things
To put something into a container to store it

sixteen

US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

•

UK / sɪkˈstin /

number
16

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

nobody

US / ˈnəʊbədi /

•

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

pronoun
No person; no one; not any person

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

caledonia

US / 'kælkjʊleɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌletɚ /

exhaust

US / ɪɡ'zɔ:st /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɔst /

noun
System of pipes through which gases escape
Waste gas from an engine, e.g. from a car
verb
To emit gas from the back of a car
To make a person feel very tired or without energy
To entirely use up a resource, possibilities etc.

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

lunchtime

US / ˈlʌntʃtaɪm /

•

UK / ˈlʌntʃˌtaɪm /

noun
The time you eat your midday meal

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

mysterious

US / mɪˈstɪəriəs /

•

UK / mɪˈstɪriəs /

adjecitve
Unusual; hard to understand or work out

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

eighteenth

US / ˌeɪ'ti:nθ /

•

UK / eˈtinθ /

noun
18th

cloudy

US / 'klaʊdɪ /

•

UK / ˈklaʊdi /

adjecitve
With many clouds; without exact form or detail
Without exact form or detail; not clear

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

stormy

US / ˈstɔ:mi /

•

UK / ˈstɔ:rmi /

adjecitve
Full of anger or emotion
With high winds, rain or snow

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

mexico

US / 'meksɪkəʊ /

•

UK / 'meksɪkoʊ /

proper noun
A country in southwestern North America, with extensive coastlines on the Gulf of Mexico and the Pac

accuse

US / ə'kju:z /

•

UK / əˈkjuz /

verb
To claim that someone has done something wrong

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

elliott

US / ˈɛliət /

•

UK / ˈeliət /

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

newly

US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /

•

UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /

adverb
Very recently; just done or made

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

satellite

US / 'sætəlaɪt /

•

UK / ˈsætlˌaɪt /

noun
Device sent into space that aids communication
Natural object in space that moves around another
Area controlled by another group or country

spanish

US / ˈspænɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈspænɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Spain

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

fruit

US / fru:t /

•

UK / frut /

noun
Result or product of something
Food that grows on a tree or bush, usually sweet
verb
To grow e.g. apples, bananas, as a plant or a tree

discuss

US / dɪˈskʌs /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

verb
To talk about seriously or in great detail

subscription

US / səbˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / səbˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Regular payment for a service, magazine etc.

tradition

US / trəˈdɪʃn /

•

UK / trəˈdɪʃən /

noun
An event, custom or way common to a people or race
Way of thinking or behaving used for a long time

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

starve

US / stɑ:v /

•

UK / stɑ:rv /

verb
To (cause to) be hungry or go without food
To need or desire very strongly
Not to give someone what they need, e.g. attention
To (cause to) die from lack of food

continent

US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

noun
Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

distinguish

US / dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ /

•

UK / dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ /

verb
To make something clearly different from others

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

fog

US / fɒg /

•

UK / fɔ:g /

noun
Cloudy air that makes seeing things difficult
verb
To have water drops on it so you cannot see out

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

noun
Adult female human being

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

australian

US / ɒˈstreɪliən /

•

UK / ɔˈstreljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Australia
noun
People from Australia

assumption

US / ə'sʌmpʃn /

•

UK / əˈsʌmpʃən /

noun
Something you believe to be so, but aren't sure of

catalan

US / ˈkætəlæn /

•

UK / ˈkætlˌæn,-ən,ˌkætlˈæn /

other
A native or inhabitant of Catalonia
Relating to or characteristic of the Catalan language
Relating to or denoting or characteristic of Catalonia or its inhabitants
The Romance language spoken in Catalonia in eastern Spain (related to Spanish and Occitan)

famous

US / 'feɪməs /

•

UK / ˈfeməs /

adjecitve
Excellent
Widely known; recognized by many people

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

decoration

US / ˌdekəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛkəˈreʃən /

noun
Making something more attractive or beautiful
Act of awarding a medal to someone

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

amusing

US / əˈmju:zɪŋ /

•

UK / əˈmjuzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making someone laugh or feel happy
verb
To make someone laugh by entertaining them

enchant

US / ɪn'tʃɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɛnˈtʃænt /

verb
To hold the admiration of others; charm
To influence someone using spells or magic

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

dehydrate

US / di:'haɪdreɪt /

•

UK / diˈhaɪˌdret /

verb
To cause (skin, body) to lose water that is needed

fata

US / 'fɑ:stɪŋ /

•

UK / 'fɑ:stɪŋ /

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

jackpot

US / 'dʒækpɒt /

•

UK / ˈdʒækˌpɑt /

noun
The big prize in a lottery, game of chance, etc.

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

reconnaissance

US / rɪˈkɒnɪsns /

•

UK / rɪˈkɑ:nɪsns /

noun
Finding out information about the enemy

sameness

US / ˈseɪmnəs /

•

UK / ˈseɪmnəs /

noun
Quality or state of not changing

aspect

US / 'æspekt /

•

UK / ˈæspɛkt /

noun
Way something looks or seems to be
An element, feature, or quality of something

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

info

US / ˈɪnfəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɪnfoʊ /

noun
Shortened form of the word 'information'

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

sixteenth

US / ˌsɪks'ti:nθ /

•

UK / sɪkˈstinθ /

noun
16th

verify

US / 'verɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ /

verb
To prove that something is right, accurate or true

undiscovered

US / ˌʌndɪsˈkʌvəd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɪsˈkʌvərd /

adjecitve
Not yet found

steal

US / sti:l /

•

UK / stil /

noun
A bargain; something bought very cheaply
Act of taking the ball or a base from another
verb
To move quietly or secretly to or from a place
To secretly take something that belongs to another

raft

US / rɑ:ft /

•

UK / ræft /

noun
Pieces of wood tied together as a kind of boat
Flat rubber boat filled with air so it floats

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

vantage

US / ˈvɑːntɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈvæntɪdʒ /

noun
(usually vantage point) A place or position affording a good view of something
A fairly high level of ability in a foreign language according to the Common European Framework

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

nineteenth

US / ˌnaɪn'ti:nθ /

•

UK / naɪnˈtinθ /

noun
19th

partly

US / ˈpɑ:tli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rtli /

adverb
In part; not completely

nuisance

US / ˈnju:sns /

•

UK / ˈnu:sns /

noun
A troublesome or annoying person or thing

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

empty

US / 'emptɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛmpti /

adjecitve
Containing nothing; with no contents
Without emotions, feelings, meaning or force
noun
Item, e.g. a bottle, whose contents have been used
verb
To remove the contents from something

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

historian

US / hɪˈstɔ:riən /

•

UK / hɪˈstɔriən /

noun
Someone who studies the course of history

mock

US / mɒk /

•

UK / mɑk /

adjecitve
Not genuine or real, but attempting to appear so
verb
To laugh at someone or something in an unkind way

responsibility

US / rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
A thing to be done because it is morally correct
State of being dependable or reliable

reasonably

US / ˈri:znəbli /

•

UK / ˈrizn:əblɪ /

adverb
To a reasonable degree; not too much
In a fair and just manner

pacific

US / pə'sɪfɪk /

•

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

censor

US / 'sensə(r) /

•

UK / 'sensər /

verb
To remove inappropriate material from books, films

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

fourth

US / fɔ:θ /

•

UK / fɔ:rθ /

noun
4th

comma

US / ˈkɒmə /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mə /

noun
Mark showing a pause or list in a sentence

imagery

US / 'ɪmɪdʒərɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒri /

noun
Use of symbolism to help imagine something

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

elephant

US / ˈelɪfənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləfənt /

noun
Large gray animal with a long nose and two tusks

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

organization

US / ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɔrɡənɪˈzeʃən /

noun
Group of people with a particular purpose

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

atlantic

US / æt'læntɪk /

•

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

adjecitve
Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

captain

US / 'kæptɪn /

•

UK / ˈkæptən /

noun
Title of a senior officer in the military
Person in charge of a team, a ship or an airplane
verb
To be in charge of a team, ship or airplane

predate

US / 'pri:'deɪt /

•

UK / priˈdet /

verb
To come from an earlier time than something else

reportedly

US / rɪˈpɔ:tɪdli /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔ:rtɪdli /

adverb
According to information heard from some sources

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

chart

US / tʃɑ:t /

•

UK / tʃɑ:rt /

noun
Drawing showing information in a clear way
Map of the sea or stars
verb
To make a plan for future action
To make a map of
To keep a record of developments over time

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

article

US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
Piece of writing about a particular subject
Piece of something, e.g. clothing
Section of a business contract or law

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

extensive

US / ɪkˈstensɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Large; full or complete

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

verb
To find something new that was not known before

inversion

US / ɪn'vɜ:ʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈvə:ʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Change in position so things become the opposite

sir

US / sɜ:(r) /

•

UK / sɚ /

noun
Form of polite address to a man you do not know
Title used to address men with authority

society

US / sə'saɪətɪ /

•

UK / səˈsaɪɪti /

noun
A group who meet to share values or interests
Group of people living together
Upper class of a community

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

succeed

US / sək'si:d /

•

UK / səkˈsid /

verb
To have achieved what you were trying to achieve
To take over position of one who has died or left
To come after or replace in a series

spot

US / spɒt /

•

UK / spɑt /

noun
A certain place or area
A difficult time; awkward situation
Place or ranking on a list
A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
verb
To see someone or something by chance

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

multiply

US / ˈmʌltɪplaɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ /

verb
To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
To increase something by a large quantity
To have increased by a large quantity
To calculate two numbers e.g. 2 x 4

mythical

US / ˈmɪθɪkl /

•

UK / ˈmɪθɪkəl /

adjecitve
Based on beliefs unsupported by facts

pre

US / ˈpriː /

•

UK / ˈpriː /

prefix
A prefix meaning 'before'
In preparation or in advance

sleepwalk

US / ˈsli:pwɔ:k /

•

UK / ˈslipˌwɔk /

noun
A walk in your sleep
verb
To walk in your sleep

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

twentieth

US / 'twentɪəθ /

•

UK / ˈtwɛntiɪθ, ˈtwʌn- /

noun
20th

folklore

US / ˈfəʊklɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈfoʊklɔ:(r) /

noun
Traditional beliefs and stories of a people

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

mid

US / mɪd /

•

UK / mɪd /

adjecitve
At (or near) the middle point

pleasant

US / 'pleznt /

•

UK / ˈplɛzənt /

adjecitve
Causing a good feeling
Being polite or friendly

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

dense

US / dens /

•

UK / dɛns /

adjecitve
Very thick and difficult to see, get through
Hard to understand
Uncomprehending; foolish; inconsiderate

terra

US / 'terə /

•

UK / 'terə /

noun
Land or territory.

certify

US / ˈsɜ:tɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rtɪfaɪ /

verb
To approve someone as authorized, valid
To confirm the truth or reality of something

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

mapping

US / ˈmæpɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈmæpɪŋ /

verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

mapmaker

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A person who makes maps or charts

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

landmark

US / ˈlændmɑ:k /

•

UK / ˈlændmɑ:rk /

noun
Event that marks a change or turning point
Easily recognizable structure that is easy to see

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

bird

US / bɜ:d /

•

UK / bɜ:rd /

noun
Animal with feathers that uses wings to fly

amazonian

US / ˌæməˈzəunjən /

•

UK / ˌæməˈzoniən /

adjective
Relating to or denoting the Amazon River or its surrounding region.
(of a woman) tall and strong or athletic.

ancient

US / 'eɪnʃənt /

•

UK / ˈenʃənt /

adjecitve
Very old; having lived a very long time ago

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

photo

US / ˈfəʊtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈfoʊtoʊ /

noun
Short for photograph; a picture taken by a camera

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

dozen

US / ˈdʌzn /

•

UK / ˈdʌzən /

noun
12 people or things

longness

US / ˈlɒŋnəs /

•

UK / ˈlɔŋnɪs /

other
Duration as an extension
The property of being of long spatial extent

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

accurate

US / ˈækjərət /

•

UK / ˈækjərɪt /

adjecitve
With no mistake or error; Correct

cartography

US / kɑ:ˈtɒgrəfi /

•

UK / kɑrˈtɑɡrəfi /

noun
Process and art of making or drawing maps

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

ireland

US / 'aɪələnd /

•

UK / 'aɪrlənd /

noun
An island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

magic

US / 'mædʒɪk /

•

UK / ˈmædʒɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning or involving tricks for entertainment
Being able to produce good results or success
noun
Attractive, appealing, and exciting quality
Performance of tricks for entertainment
Special ability or skill that causes success
Use of the supernatural to make things happen

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

voyage

US / 'vɔɪɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈvɔɪɪdʒ /

noun
Long journey to a distant or unknown place
verb
To take a sea journey to a different or new place

befit

US / bɪˈfɪt /

•

UK / bɪˈfɪt /

adjecitve
Appropriate; suitable
verb
To be appropriate; to be suitable

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

clumsily

US / ˈklʌmzɪli /

•

UK / ˈklʌmzɪli /

adverb
In an awkward way

fish

US / fɪʃ /

•

UK / fɪʃ /

noun
Animal that swims and lives in water
verb
To go fishing with a net or hook

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

hot

US / hɒt /

•

UK / hɑ:t /

adjecitve
Angry or excited
Being very good at something
Having a high temperature
Popular and causing a great deal of excitement
Attractive in a sexually exciting way
(Of food) very spicy
Stolen; dangerous to buy or trade in

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

seventeen

US / ˌsevnˈti:n /

•

UK / sev(ə)nˈtin /

number
17

temperature

US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

noun
When you your body heat is above normal
How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

detour

US / ˈdi:tʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdi:tʊr /

noun
Indirect route to avoid something, as an accident
verb
To (cause to) go around, as to avoid an accident

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

normally

US / ˈnɔ:məli /

•

UK / ˈnɔːrməli /

adverb
In the manner that is usual or ordinary

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

atlas

US / ˈætləs /

•

UK / ˈætləs /

noun
Book of maps

factual

US / ˈfæktʃuəl /

•

UK / ˈfæktʃuəl /

adjecitve
Involving or being based upon evidence

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

legend

US / 'ledʒənd /

•

UK / ˈlɛdʒənd /

noun
List of explanations of symbols on map, etc.
Person famous for doing something very well
Old story generally believed, although not proven

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

hazard

US / 'hæzəd /

•

UK / ˈhæzəd /

noun
Something that is dangerous and causes problems
verb
To try, with the risk of being wrong or losing

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

monitor

US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /

noun
A senior student at school
Electronic screen on which you can see images
verb
To observe and keep a record of something

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

reliability

US / rɪˌlaɪə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlətɪ /

noun
A quality that makes something dependable

slash

US / slæʃ /

•

UK / slæʃ /

noun
Line ( / ) used in writing
Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
verb
To cut violently with a sharp object
To decrease something by a large amount

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

agency

US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

noun
Business that provides some service for others

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

ernest

US / ˈɜːnɪst /

•

UK / ˈɜrnəst /

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

navigational

US / ˌnævɪ'ɡeɪʃənl /

•

UK / ˌnævɪ'ɡeɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Concerning navigation

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

understandable

US / ˌʌndəˈstændəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstændəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be understood; intelligible
Which would be reasonable in the circumstances

Subtitles section

Today's episode is about things which appear to exist, but which don't.

Welcome to Map Men.

I'm the men, and here's the map.

Map Man, Map Man, Map, Map, Map Man, Man.

Many years ago, being an explorer was the best job in the world.

The perks were obvious.

Months at sea, far from loved ones, with a good chance you might starve to death.

But these days, there's no such thing as an explorer.

And what do you want to be when you grow up?

An explorer!

Well, you can't, because of Google Earth.

Satellite technology was the death of discovery, as new aerial images could be used to perfectly map every inch of terra... Hang on, what was that?

What was what?

Go back a bit.

But it's just ocean.

There, that black smudge.

Something in the sea has been censored.

Oh, my mistake.

This is the pre twenty twelve Google map.

In the up to date one, it's just empty ocean.

Wait, that's an even bigger mystery.

It's time to do some research.

I've just read a Wikipedia summary of this incredibly boring book, and it turns out this is the location of an island discovered by Captain Cook in seventeen seventy four.

Cook was sailing in the South Pacific doing what he did best, looking out for land either small enough to be a crash hazard or big enough to colonise.

And he succeeded, successfully spotting a small and previously unknown sandy island.

In a say what you see naming tradition befitting a man associated with Australia, he named it Sandy Island.

Sandy Island went on to appear on lots of maps, right up until the year of its creation.

But it oughtn't have, because it turns out Sandy Island has never, and never has, existed.

Sandy Island is what's known as a phantom island.

An island that's marked on maps, and believed to be real, but which was never actually there.

So if there was nothing there, why did Captain Cook think there was?

And why did it stay on maps for so long?

And how did this mistake go uncorrected for so many hundreds of years, right into the age of satellites?

The best way to answer that is by looking at lots of famous examples of phantom islands throughout history, each with their own explanations.

And thankfully, I've made a list.

So have I. I'll start.

Reason number one.

Sailors often got lost.

The sea is big, with very few landmarks.

So, back when they didn't have reliable navigation systems, or fancy boats, or fresh fruit, you can understand how on a cloudy and very stormy night, it wasn't easy to find your way to Kenya.

Because it was so hard to know exactly where you were, sailors often found land where they weren't expecting it.

A great example of this is Pepe's Island.

Peep's Island.

If it doesn't exist, I can pronounce it how I want.

In sixteen eighty three, Admiral William Cowley, on a ship called the Bachelor's Delight, was just off the coast of South America when he, inverted commas, discovered, inverted commas, so called Peep's Island.

Cowley was delighted with the find and wrote at length about his great discovery.

The island has a pleasant aspect.

There were a large number of birds.

We killed as many as we needed for food.

They were quite tasty.

Peeps Island appeared on a hundred and ten maps over the following century, despite no one but Cowley ever catching a glimpse of it.

Many sailors tried to find Peeps Island, including Captain Cook, but no one ever managed it.

In the nineteenth century, historians looked at Cowley's extensive descriptions and sketches of Peeps Island, and noticed that they had a striking similarity with the Falklands, two hundred and eighty miles further south.

Cowley had been in the Falkland Islands all along, and Peeps was finally pooped.

Reason number two.

Uh uh, my turn.

Reason number two, a trick of the light.

Not all phantom islands are a result of navigational error.

Even when sailors knew exactly where they were, they might not have known exactly what they were looking at.

In the year of the elephant, William Elliot spotted an island with high mountainous land between Australia and South America.

He named it Emerald Island.

So if there was nothing there, then what not on earth was he looking at?

Because he was in such a cold part of the world, Elliot had likely fallen victim to a special kind of mirage.

Normally, things like this pack of sea ice, which are straight ahead, appear to be straight ahead.

But, when a temperature inversion occurs, with cold air on top of hot air, a duct can form which distorts the light's path, meaning this pack of sea ice now appears to be high and mountainous land.

Which is precisely what Elliot said he saw.

These mirages are known as Fata Morganas, and as these terrifying pictures of floating boats prove, could be very convincing.

Non existent Emerald Island featured boldly on maps for almost a hundred years, partly because nobody could be bothered to sail all the way back here just to check.

Reason number three.

The thing discovered is real, is really there, and is land, but isn't an island.

One example of oh, we have to take this.

Sorry.

This just in, a local boy has reportedly taken home a rare golden goose after climbing a beanstalk and overcoming an evil man eating giant.

Breaking news, an unsuspecting goose farmer has had his golden egg laying bird stolen by a tiny man accused of breaking and entering.

She hadn't expected to see him come home with the biggest jackpot in make believe history.

Putting hard working giants out of business.

Clear sign of magic as a force for good.

Witchcraft being used by criminals.

Do you ever get the feeling it's hard to know whom to trust when you're consuming news?

Yes, and that's why more and more people are using Ground News, an app and website that lets you compare related news articles from across the world.

Who are you?

With many media companies serving up algorithm based news for clicks instead of reporting facts, Ground News helps you understand what's really going on.

What is going on?

For every story, you can see how different publications cover it, with info on their political leaning, ownership and reliability, all backed by ratings from three independent news monitoring organisations.

Can you give me an example?

Yes I can!

Are you saying I should click on this QR code or go to ground.news slash mapmen to sign up for less than a pound a month or get forty percent off the Vantage subscription which is even better value?

Yes, in a world where news spreads faster than it can be verified, we could all benefit from a product like Ground News.

Thank you.

Well, that's all from us this lunchtime.

Thanks again to our sponsor Ground News and now it's time for the news in your area.

Right, where were we?

Ah yes, things that weren't islands.

The name California historically refers to a long stretch of the west coast of North America, only the top half of which ended up as part of the USA.

The bottom half, or Baja California, is this long peninsula dangling off Mexico.

When the early Spanish explorers landed here in the sixteen hundreds, the extraordinary longness of what we now know as the Gulf of California... Ah, he's boring.

...meant that they never made it all the way up to the connecty bit up the top, and made the understandable assumption that California was an island.

The island of California appeared on many of the first maps of the newly discovered continent, and this now famous map mistake went on to appear on thousands of maps right up until the end of the eighteenth century.

Did it really take them that long to figure out it wasn't an island?

No.

The island had been disproven several times by several explorers.

But the mistake persisted on maps for so many years because people wanted it to exist.

The explorers named the fictional island of California after the even more fictional Island of California from a popular sixteenth century romantic novel about an island populated entirely by Amazonian women.

In an era where European high society were using maps for decoration rather than navigation, it made artistic, if not geographic, sense to include the famous island that well read people wanted to see.

Ancient myths have been the source of a surprisingly large number of multiplied map myths truths, which brings us to the fourth reason for phantom islands.

Mapmakers are lazy.

Our favourite completely fictional island that clumsily sleepwalked its way onto factual maps is this mythical one, supposedly found off the Atlantic off the west coast of Ireland, called Brazil.

What?

Not to be confused with Brazil, which is also found in the Atlantic off the west coast of Ireland.

The two are in no way related and the sameness of their names is a complete coincidence.

Brazil, as it's probably pronounced, is an enchanted island from Irish folklore, which, as legend has it, is forever cloaked in mist, but can be seen for just one day every seven years, like that ITV documentary about those children who turned into adults.

It first turned up on this Portolan chart of thirteen twenty five, when inaccuracies were a reasonably expected hazard of cartography, and distinguishing myth from reality was a low priority.

Once Brazil, not that one, made the jump from fairytale to map, it was only a matter of time before another mapmaker got the wrong end of the stick and stuck it on their map because they were too lazy to do their own research.

And that's exactly what happened in the year of the cat, when Brazil, not that one, turned up on the Catalan Atlas.

And now that it was on two maps, that was as good as a fact for all future cartographers.

And it only snowballed from there.

Getting lost, trick of the light, lack of context, and laziness are just four ways that islands can be wrongly discovered.

It goes without saying that there are dozens more, including icebergs, pumice rafts, dense fog, and dehydrated hallucinations.

So it's no wonder that through dozens of mistakes on hundreds of maps, the world was littered with phantom islands.

These days, phantom islands are merely amusing map anomalies, but not so long ago, for some sailors, phantom islands were a very serious nuisance.

In the year of the phantom, Ernest Shackleton and his crew were on board the HMS Nimrod, making their way home after a failed attempt to reach the South Pole.

Looking at his map, Shackleton planned some much needed rest stops between Sydney and South America.

Unfortunately, the first of these was Royal Island, which turned out to be a phantom island.

Luckily, they had Emerald Island to look forward to next.

But, as discussed five minutes and forty nine seconds ago, Emerald Island turned out to be another Phantom Island.

Undaunted, the exhausted crew continued on to Nimrod Island, which turned out to be another Phantom Island, leaving only Doherty Island remaining, which turned out to be another Phantom Island, making this the greatest voyage of undiscovery in the history of exploration.

Thankfully, for anyone trying to sail from Sydney to South America nowadays, almost every phantom island ended up being undiscovered by the mid twentieth century.

But how did Sandy Island manage to keep appearing on Google Maps as late as twenty twelve?

Oh yeah, I was going to tell you, sorry.

It was down to the French.

Sandy Island, if it did exist, would belong to, and be the mapping responsibility of, France, as it's in the region of French New Caledonia.

Its existence had been in doubt since the early nineteen hundreds.

So, in nineteen seventy four, a French flying reconnaissance mission went to check their island out, and, to their nut surprise, certified that there was nothing there.

Which, incidentally, is the second time we've discussed France getting smaller as a result of a proper survey.

Having undiscovered their own territory, the French pulled out all the stops to tell everybody that there was less France in the world.

Fast forward to the XXI century, when Google created their digital maps with Satellite View.

Satellite View is not created, as you might expect, by taking lots of photos, stitching them together and adding the map detail on top.

It's far quicker, easier and more accurate to do it the other way around.

The pre twenty twelve edition used map data from the US National Imagery and Mapping Agency.

Data which had been digitised based on old maps that predated the French undiscovery.

So the satellites found sea, but their maps showed that there should be land.

And that's why they added a big black smudge, meaning error.

Because most people use satellite view just to look at their own house, and this was a part of the world where the fish don't even have dial up, this smudge went largely unnoticed.

Until of course, when a curious Australian research ship decided to take a detour to check out the discrepancy once and for all.

And when they got there on the the the of November, they announced to the world... No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.

So even in the world of digital satellite maps, there are still parts of the world that remain mysterious and I could still grow up to be an explorer?

No, because you haven't got a boat.

It's all too easy to mock explorers who made silly mistakes, but before we let you go, consider this.

Discovering land was their job.

They were paid to do it, and paid more the more they did it.

So even if Cook was in doubt about what he saw, hmm, could be driftwood, he was incentivised to claim it was land for king and country.

Have you seen something, sir?

Er, yes.

Land.

Mark that down as land.

Today, in the world map is completely perfect.

And we're certain that nothing will be discovered or undiscovered ever again, ever, ever.