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The wild theories around Michael Andretti's McLaren F1 nightmare

Original YouTube Video | WeAreTheRace Published on 2023-10-15 Level：75 Speed：84 maxwordlevel：27

#Formula1

Video vocabulary

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

error

US / ˈerə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛrɚ /

noun
Something that is not correct; a mistake

embed

US / ɪm'bed /

•

UK / ɛmˈbɛd /

verb
To place or set inside rock, etc.

painful

US / ˈpeɪnfl /

•

UK / ˈpenfəl /

adjecitve
Causing or feeling physical pain or hurt

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

whereas

US / ˌweərˈæz /

•

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

conjunction
Taking into consideration the fact that

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

customer

US / ˈkʌstəmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌstəmɚ /

noun
Someone who buys goods or services from a business

doom

US / du:m /

•

UK / dum /

noun
Certain of the failure or destruction of
Very bad, unhappy future event or situation
verb
To make failure, defeat or death certain for

paddock

US / ˈpædək /

•

UK / ˈpædək /

noun
Place where horses are kept by their owner

podium

US / ˈpəʊdiəm /

•

UK / ˈpoʊdiəm /

noun
Small raised area you stand on to give a speech

regular

US / ˈregjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Having an equal amount of space or time in between
Occurring or being done frequently
Being normal, usual, or average
noun
Customers who frequently visit a place
Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

prost

US / /

•

UK / /

exclamation
An expression used in drinking a person's health.

reflect

US / rɪ'flekt /

•

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

verb
To indicate or be a sign of something
To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
To think of something seriously and carefully

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

constantly

US / ˈkɒnstəntli /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstəntlɪ /

adverb
Frequently, or without pause

excuse

US / ɪk'skju:s /

•

UK / ɪkˈskjuz /

noun
Note explaining why someone cannot do or attend
Reason why you did or didn't do something
verb
To allow someone not to do (jury service, etc.)
To explain acting in a bad or impolite manner
To forgive someone for something bad or impolite

interview

US / 'ɪntəvju: /

•

UK / ˈɪntɚˌvju /

noun
Meeting to ask questions to get information
verb
To formally ask questions about a given topic

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

reign

US / reɪn /

•

UK / ren /

noun
Time during which a person runs an organization
Period of time when (e.g. king) rules a country
verb
To be present and felt or sensed by everyone there
(King or Queen) to rule a country

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

chip

US / tʃɪp /

•

UK / tʃɪp /

noun
Small piece that has broken off (e.g. from cup)
Piece of computer hardware that does calculations
Thin piece of fried potato or other food
Act of hitting a ball high but not very far
verb
To break a small piece off something such as a cup
To break into small pieces, often with a tool
To hit or kick a ball high but not very far

son

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Male child; friendly way of addressing a boy

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

ringmaster

US / ˈrɪŋmɑːstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪŋmæstər /

noun
Person in charge of performances in a circus ring

accusation

US / ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌækjuˈzeʃən /

noun
When you claim that someone has committed a crime

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

unfortunate

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənət /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔrtʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Having bad luck; bringing a bad result

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

lola

US / ˈloʊlə /

•

UK / /

noun
A grandmother.

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

grid

US / ɡrɪd /

•

UK / ɡrɪd /

noun
Electrical network supplying electricity to area
Metal structure with bars used to cover a hole
Pattern made up of lines and small squares

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

engine

US / 'endʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɛndʒɪn /

noun
Machine that changes energy into mechanical motion
The part of a train that pulls railway cars

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

succeed

US / sək'si:d /

•

UK / səkˈsid /

verb
To have achieved what you were trying to achieve
To take over position of one who has died or left
To come after or replace in a series

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

overlook

US / ˌəʊvəˈlʊk /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈlʊk /

verb
To look down on; be able to see from
To miss noticing a mistake or problem

hobble

US / ˈhɒbl /

•

UK / ˈhɑːbl /

verb
To walk with difficulty due to injury or weakness

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

initially

US / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəli /

adverb
At first; originally

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

prior

US / 'praɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraɪɚ /

adjecitve
Existing or coming earlier in time
(Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
noun
Monk or priest in charge of a monastery

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

mario

US / /

•

UK / /

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

indy

US / ˈɪndi /

•

UK / ˈɪndi /

adjecitve
Nickname for Indianapolis, Indiana

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

era

US / 'ɪərə /

•

UK / 'ɪrə /

noun
Period characterized by particular events, people

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

father

US / ˈfɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɑðɚ /

noun
A male parent
Man who is the first to do or invent something
verb
To create a child by making a woman pregnant

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

kirby

US / ˈkɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪpɚ /

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

qualified

US / ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd /

•

UK / ˈkwɑ:lɪfaɪd /

adjecitve
Having suitable abilities earned through study
verb
To earn a qualification through exam, studying
To (cause to) have the necessary skill or quality
To reach the next stage in a sporting event
To add conditions to limit what you said

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

tech

US / tek /

•

UK / tɛk /

noun
Shortened form of 'technology' or 'technician'

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

zac

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Used for emphasis to denote no money at all.

active

US / ˈæktɪv /

•

UK / ˈæktɪv /

adjecitve
Moving around a lot or doing many things

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

nigel

US / nɪtʃ /

•

UK / ni:ʃ /

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dastardly

US / ˈdæstədli /

•

UK / ˈdæstərdli /

adverb
Despicably cowardly

discredit

US / dɪs'kredɪt /

•

UK / dɪsˈkrɛdɪt /

verb
To damage the reputation of

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

ruin

US / 'ru:ɪn /

•

UK / ˈruɪn /

verb
To damage or completely destroy something
To cause someone to lose their money or status
noun
Remains of a building that has been destroyed

arrive

US / əˈraɪv /

•

UK / əˈraɪv /

verb
To reach the place you are traveling to

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

dive

US / daɪv /

•

UK / daɪv /

noun
Restaurant, bar or club with a bad reputation
Rapid fall through air
A jump into water head-first from a high place
Rapid fall in the value or price of something
verb
To swim deep under water with an air supply
To rapid fall through air
To jump into water head-first
(Of prices) to rapidly fall

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

ron

US / rɔn /

•

UK / rɔn /

other
A Chadic language spoken in northern Nigeria

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

unthinkable

US / ʌn'θɪŋkəbl /

•

UK / ʌn'θɪŋkəbl /

adjecitve
Impossible to imagine; not to be considered

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

bernie

US / ˈbɜrni /

•

UK / /

hurt

US / hɜ:t /

•

UK / hɚt /

noun
Mental, emotional, or physical pain
verb
To cause pain, damage or injury

podcast

US / 'pɒdkɑ:st /

•

UK / 'pɑ:dkæst /

noun
A digital recording (e.g. radio show) for download

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

zone

US / zəʊn /

•

UK / zoʊn /

noun
Area of space designated for a particular use
verb
To divide an area for a particular reason

disaster

US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

noun
State of extreme ruin and misfortune

europe

US / ˈjʊərəp /

•

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

noun
A continent including Germany, France and Spain
other
The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

excursion

US / iksˈkə:ʃən /

•

UK / ɪkˈskɚʒən /

noun
Short trip or outing to some place

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

ban

US / bæn /

•

UK / bæn /

noun
Official action preventing something happening
verb
To make something illegal or not allowed

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

stack

US / stæk /

•

UK / stæk /

noun
A large number or amount of something
Large tube through which smoke exits a building
verb
To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

dad

US / dæd /

•

UK / dæd /

noun
Another word for father

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

counterpart

US / ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t /

•

UK / ˈkaʊntərpɑ:rt /

noun
Person/thing having same function/characteristics

commitment

US / kə'mɪtmənt /

•

UK / kəˈmɪtmənt /

noun
Permanent love or concern for person, thing
Promise or decision to do something for a purpose

destine

US / ˈdestɪn /

•

UK / ˈdestɪn /

verb
Decree or designate beforehand

tone

US / təʊn /

•

UK / toʊn /

noun
Atmosphere or feeling in a message
Firmness and strength of the body's muscles
Difference in pitch between musical notes
Specific shade of color
Quality of sound created by a musical instrument
Sound of a voice that reveals emotion or meaning
verb
To increase the quality of muscles by exercise

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

agreement

US / əˈgri:mənt /

•

UK / əˈɡrimənt /

noun
Sharing the same opinion or reach a decision

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

seat

US / si:t /

•

UK / sit /

noun
Place where a government or organization is based
A chair or place to sit
Official position in an organization
Part of a chair on which a person sits
verb
To have seats available for a number of people
To give someone a place to sit down

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

session

US / ˈseʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛʃən /

noun
Period of time used for a specific activity
Series of meetings for e.g. a court, legislature

speculation

US / ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌspɛkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Taking risks that might lead to big profits
Prediction or guess about future events/outcomes

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

summer

US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

noun
Part of the year when the weather is hot
verb
To spend time in a place in the warm months

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wet

US / wet /

•

UK / wɛt /

adjecitve
Concerning a bar that serves or sells alcohol
Having or experiencing a great deal of rain
Containing water or liquid; not dry
verb
To accidentally pee in clothes or a bed

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

amusing

US / əˈmju:zɪŋ /

•

UK / əˈmjuzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making someone laugh or feel happy
verb
To make someone laugh by entertaining them

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

renault

US / rɪ'mu:vl /

•

UK / rɪˈmuvəl /

senna

US / ˈsɛnə /

•

UK / ˈsɛnə /

other
Any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow f

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

weekend

US / ˌwi:kˈend /

•

UK / ˈwi:kend /

noun
Saturday and Sunday, after the normal working week

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

badly

US / ˈbædli /

•

UK / ˈbædli /

adverb
Not in a good way; not as wanted or liked
To a severe degree; very much
In an unkind or unfavorable manner

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

patient

US / 'peɪʃnt /

•

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

adjecitve
Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
noun
Person who receives medical treatment or care

radar

US / ˈreɪdɑ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈredɑr /

noun
Radio device used to find the location of objects

spin

US / spɪn /

•

UK / spɪn /

noun
A dizzy feeling your head is turning around
A slant or hidden purpose, as in politicians' talk
A movement in a rapid turning motion
verb
To make a ball rotate when throwing it
To feel dizzy/confused, as in my head is spinning
To convert material such as cotton into thread
To move something in a rapid turning motion

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

famous

US / 'feɪməs /

•

UK / ˈfeməs /

adjecitve
Excellent
Widely known; recognized by many people

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

settle

US / 'setl /

•

UK / ˈsɛtl /

noun
Type of wooden seat
verb
To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
To end some troubles by reaching an agreement
To become accustomed to a new environment
(Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container

tale

US / teɪl /

•

UK / tel /

noun
Story that is not true
Story about colorful and imaginary events

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

won

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn, won /

verb
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

adapt

US / ə'dæpt /

•

UK / əˈdæpt /

verb
To change something for a different function
To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

intentionally

US / ɪn'tenʃənəlɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃənl:ɪ /

adverb
With a plan to do or achieve something

mclaren

US / ˈpʊʃpɪn /

•

UK / ˈpʊʃˌpɪn /

prix

US / pri: /

•

UK / pri: /

noun
(In titles) a competition in which a prize is won

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

brief

US / bri:f /

•

UK / brif /

adjecitve
(Of period of time) short; using few words
noun
Information and instructions given for a meeting
verb
To give information/instructions before a meeting

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

grand

US / ɡrænd /

•

UK / ɡrænd /

adjecitve
A counter for 1000 of something
Great in amount, number or size
Being highest in status or rank; impressive

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

stint

US / stɪnt /

•

UK / stɪnt /

noun
Short period of time
verb
To try not to spend money, time, effort etc. on

timing

US / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪmɪŋ /

noun
Measurement of how fast someone is
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

collide

US / kəˈlaɪd /

•

UK / kəˈlaɪd /

verb
To come together or crash with a lot of force
To disagree with or be very different from others

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

refine

US / rɪ'faɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈfaɪn /

verb
To change slightly in order to improve it
To narrow down your search to a smaller number
To make a liquid cleaner by removing something

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

lap

US / læp /

•

UK / læp /

noun
A gentle repeated motion against something
Area between the waist and knees when seated
Single trip around a track or swimming pool
verb
(Of water) to move in a gentle repeated motion
To drink with the tongue like a cat
To go one more lap further than another racer

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

retain

US / rɪ'teɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈten /

verb
To continue to have or use; keep the quality of
To keep one thing inside another for a time
To memorize information

submit

US / səbˈmɪt /

•

UK / səbˈmɪt /

verb
To accept a superior force has power over you

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

meaning

US / ˈmi:nɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈminɪŋ /

noun
Idea or thing represented by words or sentences
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular intention or value

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

refusal

US / rɪˈfju:zl /

•

UK / rɪˈfjuzəl /

noun
Act of not accepting, giving, or doing

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

veteran

US / 'vetərən /

•

UK / ˈvɛtərən /

adjecitve
Experienced through long service or practice
noun
Person experienced through long service

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

peak

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
The very top of a mountain
State when something is at its best
Time or point when the highest level occurs
verb
To reach the highest or best point

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

secondary

US / ˈsekəndri /

•

UK / ˈsekənderi /

adjecitve
Being of less importance than something else

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

williams

US / ˈwɪljəmz /

•

UK / ˈwɪljəmz /

noun
A dessert pear of an early green variety.

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

desperate

US / ˈdespərət /

•

UK / ˈdɛspərɪt /

adjecitve
Being beyond hope; prepared to do anything
State of urgently wanting to go to the toilet

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

bid

US / bɪd /

•

UK / bɪd /

verb
To propose an amount you want to pay for something
To order someone to do something
To express words of good wishes to someone leaving

pointless

US / 'pɔɪntləs /

•

UK / ˈpɔɪntlɪs /

adjecitve
Being without a purpose or meaning

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

pep

US / pep /

•

UK / pɛp /

noun
Energy; vitality

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

fernando

US / /

•

UK / /

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

newman

US / ˈspɔ:tsmənlaɪk /

•

UK / ˈspɔ:rtsmənlaɪk /

scenario

US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /

•

UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /

noun
An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project

spinning

US / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈspɪnɪŋ /

verb
To make a ball rotate when throwing it
To feel dizzy / confused / light headed
To convert material such as cotton into thread
To move something in a rapid turning motion

surely

US / ˈʃʊəli /

•

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

adverb
With certainty; definitely

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

sunday

US / ˈsʌndeɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌndi, -ˌde /

noun
Seventh day of the week, the day after Saturday

stem

US / stem /

•

UK / stɛm /

noun
Long thin central part of a plant, bearing leaves
Long thin part supporting something e.g. a light
Main part of a word, e.g. 'use' in 'useful'
verb
To remove the stem of a flower or fruit
To start from or be the origin of
To stop something bad from spreading or developing

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

behave

US / bɪˈheɪv /

•

UK / bɪˈhev /

verb
To act correctly
To act in a particular way
To react in a particular way in a given case

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

hint

US / hɪnt /

•

UK / hɪnt /

noun
Helpful piece of information
Tiny quantity or sign of something
verb
To suggest without being direct about it

sideline

US / ˈsaɪdlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈsaɪdˌlaɪn /

noun
Line that marks the width of a playing field
verb
To make someone less important, or irrelevant

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon
verb
To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

convincing

US / kənˈvɪnsɪŋ /

•

UK / kənˈvɪnsɪŋ /

verb
To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

friday

US / ˈfraɪdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈfraɪdeɪ /

noun
Fifth day of the week; the day after Thursday

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

suppose

US / sə'pəʊz /

•

UK / səˈpoʊz /

conjunction
What if
verb
To imagine or guess what might happen

suspension

US / səˈspenʃn /

•

UK / səˈspɛnʃən /

noun
Liquid in which fine particles are suspended
Act of temporarily interrupting an activity
Exclusion from your job/a sport for breaking rules

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

conservative

US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

adjecitve
(Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
Resistant to change
noun
Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

prefer

US / prɪˈfɜ:(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈfɚ /

verb
To like something better than something else

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

storey

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

fun

US / fʌn /

•

UK / fʌn /

adjecitve
Amusing and enjoyable
noun
Enjoyable or amusing quality or feeling

hack

US / hæk /

•

UK / hæk /

noun
Dry cough
Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
Writer writing a lot of poor quality work for fees
verb
To illegally access someone else's computer
To cough in a loud dry way
To cut away plants and branches to make a path
To cut something with many irregular blows

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

keen

US / ki:n /

•

UK / kin /

adjecitve
Being eager or excited for something to happen
Liking something; wanting to do or have; desiring
Having highly developed senses (e.g. smell, taste)
Being clever or smart
verb
To make a loud sad cry, as because someone died

materialize

US / mə'tɪərɪəlaɪz /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become real or actual

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

dennis

US / ˈdɛnɪs /

•

UK / ˈdɛnɪs /

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

marshall

US / ˈmɑ:ʃəl /

•

UK / ˈmɑrʃəl /

noun
Person's name
Person who has a high position in the military

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

paperwork

US / ˈpeɪpəˌwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈpepɚˌwə:k /

noun
Work involving handling papers, forms, letters etc.

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

onwards

US / ˈɒnwədz /

•

UK / ˈɑ:nwərdz /

adverb
Moving toward a future (often better) time/place

michael

US / ˈmaɪk(ə)l /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkəl /

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

bizarre

US / bɪˈzɑ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈzɑr /

adjecitve
Odd or strange

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

gizmo

US / ˈgɪzməʊ /

•

UK / ˈɡɪzmo /

noun
Used to describe a name is forgotten or unknown

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

honda

US / ˌhəʊməˈsekʃuəl /

•

UK / ˌhoʊməˈsekʃuəl /

relocate

US / ˌri:ləʊ'keɪt /

•

UK / riˈloket /

verb
To move to a new or different place

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

champion

US / 'tʃæmpɪən /

•

UK / 'tʃæmpɪən /

noun
Person who fights for or supports strongly
verb
To support or fight for something you believe in

italian

US / ɪ'tælɪən /

•

UK / ɪˈtæljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Italy
noun
Person from Italy

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

boss

US / bɒs /

•

UK / bɔs, bɑs /

noun
Person in charge of you at work
verb
To give orders to someone in an unpleasant way

feeling

US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

noun
Sensation or emotion you experience
verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

internal

US / inˈtə:nəl /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɚnəl /

adjecitve
Being or happening in the body
Being, happening in a country, state, organization
Within or inside; interior; not external

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

heritage

US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

noun
Traditional beliefs or customs of a culture

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

pole

US / pəʊl /

•

UK / pol /

noun
One of two opposite ideas, qualities or positions
Most northern or most southern point on a planet
A long, narrow piece of metal or wood
One of two opposite magnetic forces
An upright long thin structure to support things
verb
To move a boat with a stick or pole

pride

US / praɪd /

•

UK / praɪd /

noun
Sense of your own importance and worth
verb
To be proud of something you did

moral

US / ˈmɒrəl /

•

UK / ˈmɔrəl, ˈmɑr- /

adjecitve
In a way considered proper and good by most people
noun
In a way considered proper and good by most people
Lesson learned from a story or experience

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

conviction

US / kən'vɪkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈvɪkʃən /

noun
Act of finding someone guilty of a crime
Strong belief in something, e.g. not needing proof

luck

US / lʌk /

•

UK / lʌk /

noun
Accidental way things happen, often good things

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

mutual

US / 'mju:tʃʊəl /

•

UK / ˈmjutʃuəl /

adjecitve
Shared between two or more people
noun

rookie

US / ˈrʊki /

•

UK / ˈrʊki /

noun
New to doing something; beginner

reputation

US / ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛpjəˈteʃən /

noun
Common opinion that people have about someone

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

alongside

US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /

•

UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /

preposition
Side by side with something

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

famously

US / ˈfeɪməsli /

•

UK / ˈfeməsli /

adverb
In a manner or to an extent that is well known

november

US / nəʊˈvembə(r) /

•

UK / noˈvɛmbɚ /

noun
11th month of the year

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

lineup

US / 'laɪnʌp /

•

UK / 'laɪnˌʌp /

noun
People arranged by police for identification

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

ford

US / fɔ:d /

•

UK / fɔ:rd /

noun
A shallow area in a stream that can be forded
other
Cross a river where it's shallow
Grandson of Henry Ford
Son of Henry Ford
Act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse

fuel

US / 'fju:əl /

•

UK / ˈfjuəl /

noun
Material used to produce heat or power when burned
verb
To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
To provide gas or petrol for something

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

testing

US / ˈtestɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtestɪŋ /

verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

conspiracy

US / kən'spɪrəsɪ /

•

UK / kənˈspɪrəsi /

noun
Plan made in secret to do something illegal

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

desire

US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

noun
Thing that is wished for or wanted
verb
To wish for, hope or want something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

nobody

US / ˈnəʊbədi /

•

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

pronoun
No person; no one; not any person

saturday

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Sixth day of the week; the day after Friday

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

clueless

US / 'klu:ləs /

•

UK / ˈklulɪs /

adjecitve
Totally uninformed about what is going on

consequence

US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

noun
Importance of a person or thing
Outcome of an event; result

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

pair

US / peə(r) /

•

UK / per /

noun
Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
verb
To put two things or people together

limited

US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

adjecitve
(Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
With restrictions; not broad in scope
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

subject

US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

noun
Citizen of an area or country
The person or thing that does the action of a verb
People who take part in experiments or tests
An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
What a book, article etc. is about; theme
verb
To cause to suffer or experience something

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

coincidence

US / kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns /

•

UK / koʊˈɪnsɪdəns /

noun
Occurrence by chance, not design or planned
State in which two ideas or opinions are the same

clarify

US / 'klærəfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈklærəˌfaɪ /

verb
To make a liquid become clear or pure
To state again so that a point is clearer

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

package

US / ˈpækɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈpækɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Presented as one item but includes several
noun
Box or container items are placed in for mailing
A container for items for sale, e.g. food
Group of several items or services offered as one
verb
To present or sell a group of things as one item
To put something into a container to store it

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

chute

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Sloping channel or passage to throw things down

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

clarification

US / ˌklærəfɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌklærəfəˈkeʃən /

noun
Act or process of making a liquid clear
Act of explaining to make it easier to understand

career

US / kə'rɪə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈrɪr /

noun
Particular occupation in professional life
verb
To move forward very fast and without control

disagree

US / ˌdɪsə'ɡri: /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈɡri /

verb
To have a different opinion; to fail to agree

fia

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
FIA is an acronym

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

aid

US / eɪd /

•

UK / ed /

noun
Action of giving help to others
Money or help given to those who need it
verb
To help others and provide things

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

score

US / skɔ:(r) /

•

UK / skɔr, skor /

noun
A sharp mark or cut in the surface of something
Current number of points given in a game, contest
The written notes and parts of a piece of music
An achievement of success
Number of points on a test
verb
To mark or cut something with a sharp object
To get or give points in a game, contest, or test
To achieve success with something
To get points in a test

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

supportive

US / səˈpɔ:tɪv /

•

UK / səˈpɔ:rtɪv /

adjecitve
Providing help and support to someone or something

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

statement

US / ˈsteɪtmənt /

•

UK / ˈstetmənt /

noun
Record of activity in a bank account over time
Act or process of saying something formally

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

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adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
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wing

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noun
Part of an animal's body that is used for flying
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driver

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noun
People who move cattle from one place to another
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gordon

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UK / ˈgɔrdən /

flight

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noun
Act of leaving a place, usually to escape danger
Trip by plane, helicopter etc.

question

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UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
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To ask for or try to get information
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shoot

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noun
Emerging new part of a plant
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verb
To get back something that was lost, e.g. trust
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noun
Book produced by a publisher
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verb
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A point in a discussion that puts an opposite view
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garage

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noun
Place for keeping a car

hour

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noun
60 minutes
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promise

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verb
To say you will certainly do something

turmoil

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UK / ˈtɚˌmɔɪl /

noun
Very confused situation where things are not clear

those

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UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

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UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

Introduction to Video Content

In 1993, Michael Andretti had a disastrous season in Formula 1. His performances were far from impressive, with an average starting position of around 10th and several race incidents that resulted in him spinning or crashing out. He only managed to score points three times throughout the season, and by mid-season, he was struggling to keep his seat in the McLaren team. Meanwhile, his teammate Ayrton Senna was in the midst of battling against Williams and Alain Prost for the championship. Andretti's F1 career seemed to be on the brink of collapse, and it was unlikely that he would ever want to set foot in an F1 paddock again. Little did he know that three decades later, he would have the desire to return to the sport, not as a driver, but as a team owner.It is quite ironic that Andretti, after such a turbulent experience in F1, would choose to team up with McLaren once again. This unlikely partnership came about when they collaborated to run Fernando Alonso's first attempt at the Indy 500 in 2017. Andretti had notoriously stated that his time in F1 almost ruined his career, and the evidence suggests why he may hold such sentiments.The question arises as to whether there was a conspiracy behind Andretti's struggles in F1, or if it was simply a combination of bad luck, bad timing, and Andretti's own inadequate performance in the second best car on the grid. Some speculate that McLaren, with their legendary driver Mario Andretti as Michael's father and test driver Mika Häkkinen waiting in the wings, had ulterior motives to push Michael out of the team. However, these theories remain speculative, and it is uncertain whether there is any truth to them.Prior to his F1 stint, Andretti had been on McLaren's radar for quite some time. As early as 1991, he had signed a testing deal with them, while also going on to win his only IndyCar title in America. However, when he finally secured a race seat in 1993, it turned out to be the worst possible timing. Andretti's F1 venture was plagued by disappointment and frustration, and it seemed as though nothing went right for him throughout the season.Despite the setbacks he faced in F1, Andretti's love for the sport persisted. Now, after three decades, he finds himself wanting to return to the world of Formula 1, not as a driver but as a team owner. It is a remarkable turn of events that highlights the unpredictable nature of the sport and the enduring passion it ignites in its participants. Only time will tell if Andretti's second stint in F1 will bring him more success and fulfillment than his ill-fated first venture.

Subtitles section

When Michael Andretti stepped off the podium at the Italian Grand Prix in 1993, he knew he'd just made his last F1 start.

And if you asked him back then if he'd ever want to set foot in an F1 paddock again, the answer would almost certainly have been no, which makes his current desire to get back in as a team owner 30 years later all the more amusing.

And it was unthinkable that he would ever want to team up with McLaren again, which happened when they joined forces to run Fernando Alonso's first crack at the Indy 500 in 2017.

Andretti has said those 13 races in F1 nearly ruined his career, and you can see why.

While Ayrton Senna was taking the fight to Williams and Alain Prost from the other side of the garage, Andretti had an average starting position of around 10th, spun or crashed out of six races, and only scored points three times.

By mid-season, he was fighting race by race to keep his seat, with McLaren keen to give test driver Mika Häkkinen a shot alongside Senna and his legendary father Mario, the F1 world champion in 1978 who was desperate to see his son succeed there too,

Believe it might not have been coincidence that Michael's attempt to crack F1 went so badly.

Could there really have been a conspiracy behind all this, or was it just bad luck, bad timing, and simply Andretti doing a bad job in the second best car on the grid?

Andretti had been on McLaren's radar for some time, signing a testing deal with them as far back as 1991, the year he would go on to win his only IndyCar title in America.

But by the time he landed his race seat for 1993, it couldn't have been a worse time to make the switch.

That year was the peak for high-tech gizmo F1 cars before driver aids were banned for 1994, so while F1 cars were always more refined than their Indy counterparts, the gap was never bigger than it was that year.

But despite all the tech he had to adapt to in F1, Andretti actually liked that side of things.

He enjoyed being able to program the car to do whatever he wanted, although as we'll come back to later, he felt his car didn't always do what it was supposed to.

What made his failed F1 excursion even more painful was the fact that Nigel Mansell took his IndyCar seat with the Newman Haas team and famously won the championship as a rookie.

Andretti knew he was in for a good season if he'd stayed, he even talked of being able to win every race because the Lola Ford package looked so good.

But when he started having second thoughts about signing his McLaren deal, Mario told him he'd be crazy not to go.

Michael has since said, that's the last time I ever listened to dad.

To make matters worse, Andretti joined just as McLaren lost its works Honda engines, and after a bid to land the same Renault engines as Williams failed, McLaren had to settle for customer Ford V8s.

But that deal was done so late that the team had little time to get its car ready for the new campaign, so Andretti only got a day and a half of testing in the MP4-8 before the season started.

That problem was compounded by one of F1's most pointless rules, which came in at the worst possible time for Andretti.

In a useless attempt to cut costs, the number of laps a driver could complete during practice was limited to 23 per session with another 12 per day for qualifying across Friday and Saturday.

This was a disaster for a driver trying to learn a new type of car and a bunch of tracks he'd never seen before, so there's no question the odds were stacked against Andretti.

Despite this, he qualified in the top six for three of his first four races, and was in the top nine on the grid for all of his first six Grand Prix.

The problem was, things kept going wrong on Sundays.

Andretti was either let down by his car, or crashing or spinning out of races far too often.

His biggest regret from the whole year was colliding with Carl Wendlinger at the start of the Donington race, where Senna put in one of his most famous drives.

In recent years, Andretti has described it as the one thing he still shoots himself over, because he knew from the warm-up how good his car was going to be in the wet that day.

Andretti's qualifying performances took a dive mid-season.

He'd qualified in the top ten in all of the first six races, but in the next six, he wasn't in the top ten once.

McLaren boss Ron Dennis tried to put things right in Canada with a pep talk, where he told Andretti, from now on, race the way that you want to race, and we'll just live with the consequences.

If you fall off, you fall off.

But it didn't work.

There were more errors and more car problems, and the only reason Andretti got to make one final start at Monza was because Mario begged Ron Dennis to let him race, given the family's Italian heritage.

Andretti arrived at McLaren at a time of internal turmoil.

As well as losing Honda, for much of the off-season between 1992 and 93, it looked like McLaren would lose Senna too.

This led to Andretti and Mika Häkkinen being named as the team's driver lineup, with Häkkinen moved aside when Senna signed at the initially on a race-by-race deal for $1 million per race.

The problem was, Häkkinen was promised he would get a chance to race later in the year.

McLaren even submitted paperwork to the FIA to confirm that if any teams dropped off the grid and numbers fell below 26 cars, they would run a third car for Häkkinen.

That scenario never materialised, so when Senna committed to the rest of the season prior to the French Grand Prix, Andretti was doomed.

Andretti says that from that weekend onwards, Ron Dennis told him he wanted him out of the car so Häkkinen could drive, and the Andrettis had to fight race-to-race to keep the seat.

The other thing that Mario believes always worked against Andretti was that Senna's last-minute U-turn left McLaren with two expensive drivers, while a young, fast and cheap test driver was sat on the sidelines.

When Andretti was moved aside for Häkkinen with three races to go, it wasn't an immediate firing.

Dennis told Michael that he couldn't let him know until November if he'd be able to retain him for the following season.

Mario wanted Michael to back himself and wait it out, confident that Michael would be paired with Häkkinen for 1994, with Senna in the process of signing for Williams.

I blame Michael for not being patient.

He certainly didn't feel welcome, but he had to overlook that.

I would have waited to see how it played out, because if he would have stayed for the second season with Senna out of the way, then there would have been a full effort behind him.

But he gave that up, and that's unfortunate.

But Andretti had an offer on the table to return to IndyCar with Chip Ganassi, and he didn't want to lose it.

He said years later he was over F1 by that point, and he felt nobody was going to touch him with a 10-foot pole, so he was better off going back to America, enjoying his racing again and rebuilding his damaged reputation.

McLaren tried to be supportive early in the season, but by the middle of the year, the tone changed.

After the first six races, the team felt Andretti had lost his way and was being too conservative.

In the summer, Dennis fueled speculation around Andretti's future with a bizarre statement, where he said, we pride ourselves on fulfilling our legal and moral commitments to drivers.

If any driver did not complete a season in a McLaren car for which he was contracted, it would only happen by mutual agreement.

The frenzy that comment caused forced Dennis to clarify it, but his clarification only made things worse.

He said he didn't think Andretti was enjoying F1 and that it was hurting his career, and he said that if Michael wanted to go back to IndyCar, McLaren wouldn't hold him to his contract.

Ron claimed this didn't mean he wanted to replace Andretti, but it looked like a pretty clear hint for Michael to see what opportunities might be waiting for him back in America.

Andretti said in 2018 when reflecting on the season with American journalist Marshall Pruitt, that he despised McLaren until the Zac Brown era began in the mid-2010s.

He said the team now knew how to have fun, whereas with Ron, you weren't allowed to have fun.

If you ever look up stories around Andretti's brief stint in F1, it won't be long before you find tales of how he held himself back because he didn't relocate to Europe.

Andretti disagrees.

He said he embedded himself with the team for a couple of months at the start of the year, but after constantly being told he wasn't needed in the factory, he didn't see the point in hanging around just to be seen.

He says he stayed on the European time zone while living in America and was in regular contact with the team over the phone.

He also points out that this was back in the days of Concorde, when you could fly from the US to the UK in under three and a half hours.

Andretti said that meant he could get to the McLaren base in almost the same amount of time it would take Senna to do it from Monaco, although that's stretching how long a flight from the south of France to London would take.

Andretti said Dennis liked to use the refusal to relocate from America as an excuse, and in other interviews he has been stronger, saying it wouldn't have made any difference and anyone who thinks it did is clueless.

So, was this all just the case of wrong place, wrong time?

The Andrettis think there might be more to it.

The timing of Senna committing to the rest of 1993 just ahead of the French Grand Prix looks significant, because that's the weekend when the biggest accusation that's been made by the Andrettis supposedly took place.

The Andrettis say the beacon on Michael's car was shut off during qualifying in France, meaning the car didn't know where it was on the track, so the driver aids, such as active suspension, couldn't behave in the way they were supposed to from corner to corner.

That led to Andretti's worst qualifying performance of the year, down in 16th place.

Active suspension systems were capable of going wrong on their own, but Andretti believes this was done intentionally by someone who wanted him out of the team, and he said in the past he thinks that stemmed from a motivation led by former F1 ringmaster Bernie Ecclestone and that Andretti was used.

Michael told veteran US journalist Gordon Kirby that he felt he was destined to fail from day one in F1 because Ecclestone wanted to discredit IndyCar racing.

If that sounds far-fetched, there are a few factors to consider.

IndyCar had been on the rise for a few years by this point, and Bernie had been taking shots even before F1 lost its world champion in Mansell to the series.

He kept challenging IndyCar to a head-to-head race with F1 cars, and claiming that no IndyCar drivers would even qualify if they entered an F1 race.

Bernie later bought Mansell out of his IndyCar contract to get him back on the F1 grid for 1995, and a year later he helped engineer Jacques Villeneuve's move to Williams, costing IndyCar one of its most famous names and the reigning Indy 500 and series champion.

So the idea that Ecclestone would want to hurt IndyCar racing makes sense.

The bit that doesn't quite add up though is why McLaren would agree to hobble one of its own drivers.

Yes, as Mario Andretti said, it had a cheap alternative in hacking and waiting in the wings, but any race team would surely have preferred to see two of its cars up the front every weekend, if that was possible.

Michael has a counter to that.

He told Gordon Kirby that Dennis and Ecclestone were in it together, and that the racing was secondary to making millions of dollars.

Years later on the Marshall Pruitt podcast, he was a bit less direct, but still hinted at feeling used, saying, I understand why things happened, why people did what they did.

It was never a personal thing.

It was, because of where I was in my career over here, sort of just used in a different way.

McLaren had told Andretti during 1991, before he won the IndyCar title, that it wanted him for 1993.

If that was part of a dastardly plan with Ecclestone to discredit IndyCar racing, then everyone involved was certainly prepared to play the long game.

Might McLaren have lost interest in Andretti as the year went on and he kept making clumsy errors?

With hacking and waiting in the wings, it's plausible.

But would they go into business with Bernie Ecclestone to sacrifice one of their own cars to hurt IndyCar racing, a series they'd recently considered joining themselves at that point?

The conviction the Andrettis speak with on this subject makes a convincing case, but it still seems a bit of a stretch to us.