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Towboat Queen City Looses Barges with Three Pinned On a Dam | One Barge Loaded with Methanol

Original YouTube Video | wgowshipping Published on 2023-03-29 Level：90 Speed：72 maxwordlevel：18

Video vocabulary

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

foam

US / fəʊm /

•

UK / foʊm /

noun
Mix of a liquid and air to form a mass of bubbles
verb
To mix air and liquid to form a mass of bubbles

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

incident

US / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈɪnsɪdənt /

noun
Event, usually unusual or important; accident

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

tank

US / tæŋk /

•

UK / tæŋk /

noun
Container for holding liquid or gas
Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
verb
To fail completely or badly
To deliberately lose a game or contest

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

guard

US / ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / ɡɑrd /

noun
Someone who watches a place or prevents escapes
verb
To keep watch over something to protect it

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

investigation

US / ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Search for information about something

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

island

US / ˈaɪlənd /

•

UK / ˈaɪlənd /

noun
Area of land that is surrounded by water

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

propulsion

US / prəˈpʌlʃn /

•

UK / prəˈpʌlʃən /

noun
Forward movement often under power

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

tuesday

US / ˈtjuːzdeɪ /

•

UK / ˈtuːzdeɪ /

noun
Second day of the week; the day after Monday

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

backdrop

US / ˈbækdrɒp /

•

UK / ˈbækdrɑ:p /

noun
Contextual meaning or background
Scenery hung at back of stage

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

scene

US / si:n /

•

UK / sin /

noun
Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
View that looks like a picture
Place where something particular happened
Part of an act in a play

remember

US / rɪ'membə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈmɛmbɚ /

verb
To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
To hold a thought in your mind to not forget it
To bring a previous image or idea to your mind

tug

US / tʌg /

•

UK / tʌɡ /

noun
Pull at something that is hard or sudden
verb
To pull (something) hard or suddenly

shipping

US / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

noun
Business of transporting goods or orders to places
verb
To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

ntsb

US / /

•

UK / /

abbreviation
National Transportation Safety Board.

towboat

US / ˈtəʊbəʊt /

•

UK / ˈtoʊˌboʊt /

noun
Powerful boat that pulls or pushes larger ships

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

confine

US / kənˈfaɪn /

•

UK / kənˈfaɪn /

verb
To hold or imprison someone in a place
Limit to your movements or behavior s

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

mississippi

US / ˌmɪsɪ'sɪpɪ /

•

UK / ˌmɪsɪ'sɪpɪ /

other
A major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota a
A state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American C

sail

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Trip or journey on a ship
Cloth used to power a boat by wind
verb
To travel across water in a boat or a ship
To move along quickly and smoothly

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

intake

US / ˈɪnteɪk /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌtek /

noun
Amount of something that a person's body consumes
Act of consuming something
Opening where air or liquid enters a machine

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

southern

US / ˈsʌðən /

•

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

adjecitve
Concerning a region in the south
Being in or toward the south

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

stationary

US / 'steɪʃənrɪ /

•

UK / ˈsteʃəˌnɛri /

adjecitve
Being still or unmoving

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

bell

US / bel /

•

UK / bɛl /

noun
Metal object shaped like a cup that rings when hit
Electronic device that makes a ringing sound

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

leak

US / li:k /

•

UK / lik /

noun
Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
Information released that wasn't supposed to be
verb
(Of a tire) to have air, liquid escaping; (Of air)
To make secret information public
(Liquid) to go out of/get in through crack/opening

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

patreon

US / 'peɪʃənts /

•

UK / 'peɪʃənts /

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

corp

US / kɒp /

•

UK / 'kɔrp /

noun
Shortened form of 'corporation'

impale

US / ɪmˈpeɪl /

•

UK / ɪm'peɪl /

verb
To pierce with a sharp stake or point

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

hazardous

US / 'hæzədəs /

•

UK / ˈhæzədəs /

adjecitve
Involving danger, risk, and potential damages

louisville

US / ˈluiˌvɪl /

•

UK / /

proper noun
An industrial city and river port in northern Kentucky, on the Ohio River just south of the border w

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

below

US / bɪ'ləʊ /

•

UK / bɪˈlo /

preposition
In a lower position, place, or level

bridge

US / brɪdʒ /

•

UK / brɪdʒ /

noun
Structure built over river, road so you can cross
verb
To make a link between; bring together

crack

US / kræk /

•

UK / kræk /

noun
Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
Unexpected and hard hit to the body
Joke or impolite comment about something
Sound that is short, unexpected and loud
Small gap between two things or parts of things
verb
To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
To tell (a joke)
To solve a challenging problem or mystery
To make a sound that is short, unexpected and loud
To lose control, e.g. under pressure; break down
To break so lines appear, but it is not in pieces

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

loose

US / lu:s /

•

UK / lus /

adjecitve
(Idea, thought, or work) unclear or imprecise
Not tightly attached or held
Not being attached to or contained within anything
Not tightly controlled, organized, or governed
verb
To shoot or fire something from a gun

nest

US / nest /

•

UK / nɛst /

noun
Home, e.g. of twigs, made by a bird, insect etc.
Things designed to fit together
Place where you feel secure; home or own room
verb
To create or live in a nest
To fit together, inside or around each other

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

suppress

US / səˈpres /

•

UK / səˈprɛs /

verb
To prevent the display of emotion or feeling
To use force to prevent something happening

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

closed

US / kləʊzd /

•

UK / kloʊzd /

adjecitve
Shut; not open
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

dock

US / dɒk /

•

UK / dɑ:k /

noun
Area in a harbor where boats arrive and are kept
verb
To take away a part of an animal's tail
To take away a part of someone's salary
To park a boat or ship in a harbor or marina

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

sal

US / sæl /

•

UK / sæl /

noun
A North Indian tree that yields hard, durable timber and dammar resin.

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

detachment

US / dɪ'tætʃmənt /

•

UK / dɪ'tætʃmənt /

noun
Feeling of not being personally involved
Separating something from another larger thing
(Of soldiers) a group separated from the main unit

gallon

US / ˈgælən /

•

UK / ˈɡælən /

noun
Unit of liquid equal to 4 US quarts (3.785 liters)

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

accumulate

US / əˈkju:mjəleɪt /

•

UK / əˈkjumjəˌlet /

verb
To gather or acquire so that you have more of it

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

entrance

US / ˈentrəns /

•

UK / ˈentrəns /

noun
A place where you enter a house or other building
Act of joining a party in a showy manner
The right to enter a place

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

carry

US / ˈkæri /

•

UK / ˈkæri /

verb
To have a child, be pregnant
To have a disease you might give to others
(Of stores) to sell a particular product
To hold something and move it to another place
To travel a long distance (sound)
To support the weight or burden of something

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

flammable

US / ˈflæməbl /

•

UK / ˈflæməbl /

adjecitve
Burning quickly and easily

ignition

US / ɪɡ'nɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnɪʃən /

noun
Process of making catch fire (e.g. an engine)

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

gate

US / ɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɡet /

noun
Place in a fence which can be opened or closed

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

patron

US / 'peɪtrən /

•

UK / ˈpetrən /

noun
Person buying products or services of a business
Someone who donates to an organization or activity

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

technically

US / ˈteknɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In an exact and particular manner

surveyor

US / sə'veɪə(r) /

•

UK / sɚˈveə /

noun
Engineer determining the size of land, buildings

zero

US / ˈzɪərəʊ /

•

UK / ˈzɪroʊ /

noun
Temperature when water turns to ice
number
Number 0
verb
To set a scale or other device to show 0

concerned

US / kənˈsɜ:nd /

•

UK / kənˈsə:nd /

adjecitve
Worried or anxious
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

usually

US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

adverb
Normally; regularly

transportation

US / ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌtrænspɔ:rˈteɪʃn /

noun
Act of moving people or goods between places

weigh

US / weɪ /

•

UK / weɪ /

verb
To balance things against each other
To consider something carefully to form an opinion
To determine the weight of, using scales

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

march

US / mɑ:tʃ /

•

UK / mɑ:rtʃ /

noun
Walk by a group of soldiers who walk in time
3rd month of the year
Music played for soldiers to walk in time to
Progress towards a future time or place
Public walk by a group to demand change
verb
To force someone to walk somewhere
(Soldiers) to walk in time with others
To walk as a group to demand some kind of change
To walk somewhere quickly often in an angry manner

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

pier

US / pɪə(r) /

•

UK / pɪr /

noun
Strong post that helps support something
Long structure built over the water to tie boats

recovery

US / rɪˈkʌvəri /

•

UK / rɪˈkʌvəri /

noun
Process of returning to a former (good) state
Act of getting back something that was lost

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

barge

US / bɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / bɑ:rdʒ /

noun
Large low boat with a flat bottom
verb
To push your way into a place or conversation

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

irritate

US / 'ɪrɪteɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪrɪˌtet /

verb
To disturb, anger, or upset someone
To make part of the body feel soreness and pain

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

christmas

US / ˈkrɪsməs /

•

UK / ˈkrɪsməs /

noun
Christian holiday celebrated on December 24-26

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

super

US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsupɚ /

adjecitve
Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

absorb

US / əb'sɔ:b /

•

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

verb
To take up all attention / energy of something
To take in a liquid; soak up

alcohol

US / 'ælkəhɒl /

•

UK / ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl /

noun
A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer

firefighter

US / ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfaɪərfaɪtə(r) /

noun
Person whose job is stopping and putting out fires

US / pɪn /

•

UK / pɪn /

noun
A piece of jewelry worn pinned to clothes
Short for Personal Information Number
Small thin thing with a sharp point, for attaching
verb
To hold someone down so that they can't move
To fasten things together using a sharp point

submerge

US / səb'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / səbˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To sink or put below the surface

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

tilt

US / tɪlt /

•

UK / tɪlt /

noun
Position in which one side is above the other
verb
To change to a newly preferred idea or opinion
To move something away from the upright
To influence (public opinion) in a certain way

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

anchor

US / 'æŋkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæŋkɚ /

noun
Metal hook on a rope used to stop boats moving
Person who presents a news program on TV
verb
To lower an anchor to hold a boat or ship in place

assist

US / əˈsɪst /

•

UK / əˈsɪst /

verb
To help

basement

US / ˈbeɪsmənt /

•

UK / ˈbesmənt /

noun
Floor or room in a building beneath the ground

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

removal

US / rɪ'mu:vl /

•

UK / rɪˈmuvəl /

noun
Act of getting rid of something completely
Act of making someone leave their job or position
Act of moving to a different place or position

spectacular

US / spekˈtækjələ(r) /

•

UK / spɛkˈtækjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Impressive or out of the ordinary

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

update

US / ˌʌpˈdeɪt /

•

UK / ʌpˈdet /

noun
Addition of a current version of something
New information or data to make more current
verb
To download the latest version of software
To make more current or modern

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

proceed

US / prəˈsi:d /

•

UK / proʊˈsi:d /

verb
To continue to do something; carry on
To go forward in a certain direction

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

dry

US / draɪ /

•

UK / draɪ /

adjecitve
(Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
Without water; not wet
(Of wine, etc.) not sweet
Without butter or jam
verb
To remove liquid or water from something

log

US / lɒg /

•

UK / lɔ:g /

noun
Detailed account of events and progress on journey
Piece of a tree that has fallen or been cut
verb
To move a certain distance or speed, as recorded
To leave a website or computer account
To record something in an official account
To cut trees down and take the wood to use it

spark

US / spɑ:k /

•

UK / spɑrk /

noun
Small piece of burning material produced by fire
Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
First small part of an idea or feeling
verb
To make tiny, brief bits of light
To start something new; To set in motion, activate

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

management

US / 'mænɪdʒmənt /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒmənt /

noun
People who are in control of a business or group
The process of running an organization

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

ohio

US / əuˈhaiəu /

•

UK / oˈhaɪo /

noun
A midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

zoom

US / zu:m /

•

UK / zum /

noun
Camera lens used to magnify images
verb
To move along or go somewhere very quickly

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

corn

US / kɔ:n /

•

UK / kɔrn /

noun
Small, painful hard spot on the foot
Plant with many yellow seeds used as food

marine

US / mə'ri:n /

•

UK / məˈrin /

adjecitve
Of the ocean or ocean plants and animals
Concerning sailing or doing business by sea
noun
Soldier trained to serve on land and sea

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

fairly

US / 'feəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɛrli /

adverb
Quite; pretty; between very and a little
In a manner that is right and acceptable

dike

US / daɪk /

•

UK / daɪk /

noun
Small water dam

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

tow

US / təʊ /

•

UK / to /

noun
Pulling another vehicle; being pulled thus
verb
To pull a vehicle with ropes using another vehicle

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

methanol

US / ˈmeθənɒl /

•

UK / ˈmeθənɔːl /

noun
Light flammable poisonous liquid alcohol

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

army

US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑrmi /

noun
Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

stuck

US / stʌk /

•

UK / stʌk /

adjecitve
Not able to move
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

divide

US / dɪ'vaɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈvaɪd /

verb
To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
To separate something into equal pieces

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

toxic

US / ˈtɒksɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑksɪk /

adjecitve
Poisonous; harmful
(Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict

traffic

US / 'træfɪk /

•

UK / ˈtræfɪk /

noun
The cars or vehicles on the road
Amount of activity over a communication system

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

underwater

US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

adjecitve
(Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

vapor

US / 'veɪpə /

•

UK / ˈvepɚ /

noun
Tiny droplets or pieces of some substance spread thinly throughout the air
Liquid that has been changed into a gas
Droplets of substance spread thinly through air

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

entry

US / ˈentri /

•

UK / ˈɛntri /

noun
Act of entering a room, building, party
Act of starting a career
Person or thing included in a competition or race
Piece of information entered into a computer
Place where one enters a building, stadium etc.
Piece of information in a database, dictionary etc.

ideal

US / aɪˈdi:əl /

•

UK / aɪˈdiəl, aɪˈdil /

adjecitve
Exactly right; could not be better
Which is thought of as being perfect

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

accident

US / ˈæksɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈæksɪdənt, -ˌdɛnt /

noun
Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

container

US / kənˈteɪnə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈtenɚ /

noun
An object that can be used to hold things

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

sand

US / sænd /

•

UK / sænd /

noun
Area composed of tiny pieces of rock near an ocean
Small pieces of rock that make beaches and deserts
verb
To cover a surface with grit e.g. roads
To smoothen a surface with sandpaper

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

haul

US / hɔ:l /

•

UK / hɔl /

verb
To pull or drag something heavy (e.g. boat)

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

skin

US / skɪn /

•

UK / skɪn /

noun
Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Outer layer of an animal or human
Outer part of an object, such as a plane
verb
To defeat someone easily and completely
To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
To remove the outer covering from an animal

waterway

US / ˈwɔ:təweɪ /

•

UK / ˈwɔ:tərweɪ /

noun
Navigable body of water

button

US / 'bʌtn /

•

UK / ˈbʌtn /

noun
Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
Switch activated by pressing
verb
To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

grain

US / greɪn /

•

UK / ɡren /

noun
Seeds of plants used for food
Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
Very small piece of something such as sand, truth
Unit of weight based on a piece of wheat

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

mostly

US / ˈməʊstli /

•

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

portland

US / ˈpɔ:tlənd /

•

UK / ˈpɔrtlənd, ˈport- /

proper noun
The largest city in Maine, on Casco Bay off the Atlantic Ocean, in the southwestern part of the stat
An industrial port in northwestern Oregon, on the Willamette River near its confluence with the Colu

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

flame

US / fleɪm /

•

UK / flem /

noun
The red part you can see in fire
verb
To glow
To burn or glow in a fire
To glow (as in the sun or sunset)
To send angry messages over the Internet; to troll

disaster

US / dɪ'zɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs- /

noun
State of extreme ruin and misfortune

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

guide

US / ɡaɪd /

•

UK / ɡaɪd /

noun
Book or a magazine containing information/advice
Person leading others visiting an unknown place
verb
To help or advise someone about something
To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
To lead people visiting a new or unknown place

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

stabilize

US / 'steɪbəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈstebəˌlaɪz /

verb
To make stable/consistent, with no major changes

whichever

US / wɪtʃˈevə(r) /

•

UK / hwɪtʃˈɛvɚ, wɪtʃ- /

pronoun
Whatever one

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

kentucky

US / kenˈtʌki /

•

UK / kənˈtʌki /

noun
A state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for bree

mash

US / mæʃ /

•

UK / mæʃ /

noun
Cooked potatoes, etc. crushed and served hot
verb
To make something soft by beating or crushing it

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

ignite

US / ɪɡ'naɪt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈnaɪt /

verb
To catch fire
To cause something to start burning
To give energy to something or someone

hazard

US / 'hæzəd /

•

UK / ˈhæzəd /

noun
Something that is dangerous and causes problems
verb
To try, with the risk of being wrong or losing

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

coal

US / kəʊl /

•

UK / kol /

noun
Dark hard substance from the earth burnt as a fuel

dilute

US / daɪˈlu:t /

•

UK / daɪˈlut, dɪ- /

verb
To make something weaker or less efficient

hoist

US / hɔɪst /

•

UK / hɔɪst /

noun
Piece of machinery with ropes, used for lifting
verb
To raise something with the help of machinery

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

partially

US / ˈpɑ:ʃəli /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:rʃəli /

adverb
In part; in some degree; not wholly

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

danger

US / ˈdeɪndʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdendʒɚ /

noun
The possibility of getting hurt, damaged, killed

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

summarize

US / ˈsʌməraɪz /

•

UK / ˈsʌməˌraɪz /

verb
To state the main or most important ideas

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

indiana

US / ˈindiˈænə /

•

UK / ˌɪndiˈænə /

noun
A state in midwestern United States

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

salvage

US / 'sælvɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈsælvɪdʒ /

verb
To save damaged or discarded material
To do something to prevent a disaster

recover

US / rɪ'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / rɪ'kʌvər /

verb
To return to a prior normal condition
To get back something that was lost

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

metropolitan

US / ˌmetrəˈpɒlɪtən /

•

UK / ˌmetrəˈpɑ:lɪtən /

adjecitve
Concerning a very large city

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

barrel

US / 'bærəl /

•

UK / ˈbærəl /

noun
A round container with curved sides and flat ends
Straight tube from which a bullet exits a gun
verb
To travel at high speed

dam

US / dæm /

•

UK / dæm /

noun
Wall built to stop the flow of water
verb
To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

lower

US / 'ləʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

adjecitve
In a position more near the bottom
verb
To move something downward to the ground

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

royal

US / 'rɔɪəl /

•

UK / ˈrɔɪəl /

adjecitve
Excellent or grand; suitable for a king or queen
Concerning a king or queen
Used in some titles of noble persons, places

volunteer

US / ˌvɒlən'tɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌvɑlənˈtɪr /

adjecitve
Working willingly without pay to help others
noun
Person who helps others without being paid
verb
To work willingly without pay to help others

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

railroad

US / ˈreɪlrəʊd /

•

UK / ˈreɪlroʊd /

noun
System of tracks on which trains travel

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

canal

US / kəˈnæl /

•

UK / kəˈnæl /

noun
Channel cut through land for boats or ships

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

unload

US / ˌʌn'ləʊd /

•

UK / ʌnˈlod /

verb
To express strong or troubling feelings
To take out items for use (e.g. bullets from guns)
To remove things, from a car, ship, or truck

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

highly

US / ˈhaɪli /

•

UK / 'haɪlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that shows approval
More than usual; to a great degree

inhale

US / ɪnˈheɪl /

•

UK / ɪnˈhel /

verb
To breathe in something like air or smoke
To eat or drink something extremely fast

news

US / nju:z /

•

UK / nu:z /

noun
Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
Information about recent events

churn

US / tʃɜ:n /

•

UK / tʃə:n /

verb
To turn milk round and round to make butter
To move round and round, as of stomach when ill
To move with vigorous agitation

emergency

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒənsi /

noun
Sudden event needing an immediate action

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

elaborate

US / ɪ'læbəreɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈlæbəret /

adjecitve
Made or done with great care or in a detailed way
verb
To explain something in detail
To be made or explained with great care/in detail

equipment

US / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

noun
Tools or materials used to perform a task

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

sink

US / sɪŋk /

•

UK / sɪŋk /

noun
Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
verb
To push something down into the ground
To dig (a well)
To move down toward a lower point
To decrease in value or amount

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

district

US / 'dɪstrɪkt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstrɪkt /

noun
Area of a country, city, or town

downriver

US / daʊnˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdaʊnˈrɪvɚ /

adverb
With the current of a river, away from the source

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

spill

US / spɪl /

•

UK / spɪl /

noun
Accident when someone falls
Act of allowing a fluid to escape
verb
To come out of and spread beyond limits
To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
To tell secrets or let information escape
To cause a liquid to fall out of its container
To come out of a holding container

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

navigation

US / ˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌnævɪˈɡeʃən /

noun
Act of finding and following the correct course

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

comment

US / 'kɒment /

•

UK / ˈkɑmɛnt /

noun
Something you say, giving an opinion; remark
verb
To say something that gives your opinion

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

operator

US / ˈɒpəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪtə(r) /

noun
Someone who operates or controls a machine
Person whose job it is to connect phone calls

spillway

US / ˈspɪlweɪ /

•

UK / ˈspɪlˌwe /

noun
Channel that carries excess water around something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

typical

US / ˈtɪpɪkl /

•

UK / ˈtɪpɪkəl /

adjecitve
Normal; usual; expected

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

highway

US / 'haɪweɪ /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌwe /

noun
Main road connecting places

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

Subtitles section

On this episode of What's Going On With Shipping, barges break loose on the Ohio River and strike a dam in Louisville, Kentucky.

Hi, I'm your host, Sal Mercagliano.

Welcome to this episode of What's Going On With Shipping.

So obviously a lot of attention right now on the Ohio River with these three barges, two of which are loaded with grain, one loaded with methanol.

So let's go ahead and get the latest information we have on this incident so that we can take a look at it and also talk about how it potentially happened.

If you're new to the channel, hey, take a moment, subscribe to the channel, hit the bell.

So you'll be alerted about new videos as they come out.

All right, let's jump to the story.

So here's the story over at Zero Hedge talking about it.

Ohio River disaster as barge hauling 1,400 tons of methanol smashes into the dam.

Three large barges, one carrying 1,400 tons of methanol, were wedged against a dam and partially submerged on the Ohio River in Louisville, Kentucky following detachment from a tugboat.

Actually, it's technically a towboat.

The Louisville Metropolitan Emergency Services said the navigation accident occurred early Tuesday morning when three barges from a group of 10 broke free after hitting a structure at the entrance to the Portland Canal near the river's McAlpine Locks and Dam.

Let's go over here to the Louisville District of the Army Corps of Engineers.

Close the dam at 2 a.m.

On March 28th.

And then here are the updates.

This is an update as of 1231 p.m.

The barge that was pinned against the Louisville and Indiana Railroad Bridge Pier has been recovered.

That doesn't mean that everything is clear.

There was a variety of barges that were stuck here.

So this is the one up against the railroad bridge.

This video comes from Royal Alerts and so we'll take a look at it.

So here you can see there are three barges here, one, two, and there's one behind here that are pinned up up against this dam.

And because of the way the water is moving, they basically broke loose, got into the area where the water was flowing, the dam, and now are impaled up against the bridge.

Very difficult to remove the barges at this point because of their location and because of the water flow here.

You have a lot of force pushing up.

You can see the amount of logs that just now have accumulated up against the barges.

These are actually the tops of the barges.

This barge is tilted so you're seeing the top of it and you can see it kind of cracked open here.

Let me show you where this is on marine traffic.

So here's your view of everything above.

Down here, the Mississippi River, here is the Ohio River, and here is Louisville.

And so when you come into Louisville here, you'll see a couple of things on the river.

So right here, here are some towboats.

As a matter of fact, if you zoom in here, you can see how the barges are nested here along the river.

And this is fairly typical.

Tugs and barges or towboats will be coming down and they'll nest themselves right here along the bank, waiting to get into the canal, into the lock, I should say.

So when you come down here and come across, so here's your highway bridges, here's your railway bridge.

This is one of the barges that hit these railway bridges coming across.

And then when you look at this area here, this is where you have the divide.

If you go to the southern leg here, it takes you to the locks.

So here's the dam and the locks where you would come in.

So you'd bring your 10 barges and your towboat in into the lock, shut the gates, and then lower yourself down and be able to proceed.

So two sets of locks here going in.

Where you just saw those barges is they broke loose, came down here, did not go toward the locks because there's no reason to.

There's no current flowing that way.

Instead, they flowed this way toward the dam that is right here.

When you looked at that image, you saw the dam kind of stop.

This part of the island is underwater because of the high water on the Ohio River right now.

This area is actually submerged.

And where the barges are, are hung up along this dam where you see the water heading out.

Let's go to a news report from a local station that really does a great job of summarizing this.

This is from WLKY in Louisville.

As a normal towing operation turned into a spectacular sight.

Officials with the city's emergency management services say it happened just after 2 a.m.

Tuesday, when a vessel towing 11 barges hit a stationary structure at the entrance to the Portland Canal near the Lockett Dam in Louisville.

So it would have been ideal if those barges had gone over here across that island.

Again, that area right here, this is where that land is.

You can see where the trees are.

So when you looked at the marine traffic and saw land, that's what's usually here.

But instead, they got hung up here on the spillways.

Look at this video from WLKY's chopper HD flying over the scene.

One barge submerged, others mashed against the dam in the churning waters of the Ohio River.

Three barges are pinned against the lower dam site.

One barge is pinned against the Louisville and Indiana Bridge Pier.

So they talked about the removal of the one that was removed from the Louisville in Indiana, Louisville, Indiana Pier Railway Bridge.

That one's been removed.

But these three are still hung up here.

Emergency management officials say one barge is carrying 1400 tons of methanol.

According to the CDC, methanol is a toxic alcohol mostly used in fertilizers.

However, Louisville Water says this incident is downriver from water intake.

The other barges carrying just soy and corn.

While Louisville's water intake is above it, obviously other cities are going to be concerned about this.

And we'll talk about the issues with methanol in a minute.

There is no impact to water quality and the water is safe.

According to the Corps of Engineers, all other barges were recovered by other vessels in the area.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is working closely with the U.S. Coast Guard, navigation industry and marine surveyors to start the recovery efforts of the remaining barges.

The locks will remain closed until the barges on the dam are stabilized.

For the time being, boaters will need to take direction from lock operators.

The next step, figuring out how to get equipment in and get those barges off the dam and out of the river.

The Corps of Engineers and the barge company are working on those plans right now.

And it may take a while.

You may remember a similar incident happening here on Christmas Day 2018.

They were carrying coal, which spilled into the river.

Six of the barges were recovered.

The other nine were pinned against the dam.

Seven of them sank.

It took nearly six months to remove the final two barges.

So removing those barges are going to be an issue, obviously because of the weight associated with them.

Fully loaded with methanol and grain is a big problem.

You have a couple options here.

Wait for the river level to fall to a point where the dam is not having so much water go across it.

And that will reduce the current.

Understand if you sail into this region, you can see one towboat right here, right now, sitting there.

It's dangerous to get too close because if you lose propulsion or if anything happens, you're going to have a towboat now up against it.

Ideally, what you would do is anchor in these areas so that you have fixed points on the bottom to either land or the bottom and then go in here with salvage vessels and try to pull the barges off.

But again, you have the danger of breaking loose and causing more of a problem.

If you can unload the barges, that's a greater chance of assisting because you make them lighter.

Coming out is a difficult process to free these barges because of the amount of water going.

Remember, just a gallon of water weighs over eight pounds and you have flowing water here.

The amount of force being pushed up against the dam right now is a great deal.

So this is going to be a very elaborate effort to go in.

You can't do this quickly.

It's going to take time to get these barges freed from the area.

So this is Department of Transportation Emergency Response Guide for Hazardous Materials.

Methanol, which I pulled up, and again, I do this because I'm a volunteer firefighter, is you pull up the name of the product, you get its UNID number, and you find the guide number.

And so they fall under Guide 130.

And so what you see here are potential hazards.

Highly flammable.

This is for the methanol.

Will easily ignite by heat, sparks, or flames.

Really don't have to worry too much about that with the amount of water flowing over.

However, with the barge shifting up against the dock, you could get sparks that could potentially ignite the cargo if there is a spill.

You look here at the health issues.

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn.

Again, that's direct contact with the product.

Diluted in water is not that big of an issue.

Eliminate all ignition sources.

All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through the spill material.

Stop leak if you can or without risk.

So one of the things that they're going to try to do is deal with the methanol first.

Whichever one of those three barges, and I'm not sure which of the three, they'll try to get that methanol off as much as they can.

Not sure how it's loaded in the barge.

Is it in barrels?

Is it in containers?

Is it, you know, are these tank barges where it's just in there?

How to get in there and do it?

They can probably get down from the dam into the barge, potentially, and maybe hoist them up, lift them up, or pump it out.

I don't know.

That's going to be a process.

It depends on the specifications of the dam, what can go on top of the dam, and how to do it.

Prevent entry into waterway, sewers, basements, or confined areas.

Well, that's going to be a problem here.

Vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand, or other combustibles.

If it's a large spill dike far ahead, water spray may reduce vapor but may not prevent ignition.

So I hope that provides you a little bit of backdrop for what's going on right now.

There will, of course, be an NTSB, U.S. Coast Guard investigation to how this happened.

Again, the news report mentioned the fact that it happened before back in 2018 with coal barges.

So I'm going to go take a look at that report, see what they found out at that time as we learn more about this.

If you're new to the channel, hey, take a moment.

Subscribe to the channel, hit the bell so you'll be alerted about new videos as they come out.

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Until the next video, this is Al signing off.