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Crippling modern phenomenon keeping kids from school | 60 Minutes Australia

Original YouTube Video | 60MinutesAU Published on 2023-11-26 Level：76 Speed：23 maxwordlevel：24

Video vocabulary

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

inquiry

US / ɪn'kwaɪərɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈkwaɪri, ˈɪnˌkwaɪri, ˈɪnkwəri, ˈɪŋ- /

noun
Process of seeking information
Official examination to get information

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

green

US / gri:n /

•

UK / ɡrin /

adjecitve
Color of young leaves
Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
Concerned about protecting the environment
The color of young leaves
Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
noun
Large grassy area
used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

resilience

US / rɪˈzɪliəns /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪljəns /

noun
Ability to recover quickly from something bad

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

distress

US / dɪ'stres /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɛs /

noun
State of great sadness, anxiety or pain
Condition of danger or emergency
State of lacking money and basic needs
Condition of physical illness, pain or suffering
verb
To cause someone anxiety or sadness
To be in financial trouble

turner

US / ˈtə:nə /

•

UK / ˈtɚnɚ /

other
A lathe operator
A tumbler who is a member of a turnverein
Cooking utensil having a flat flexible part and a long handle; used for turning or serving food
One of two persons who swing ropes for jumpers to skip over in the game of jump rope

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

invisible

US / ɪnˈvɪzəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɪzəbəl /

adjecitve
Being unable to be seen
Of money earned from services, instead of products

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

supportive

US / səˈpɔ:tɪv /

•

UK / səˈpɔ:rtɪv /

adjecitve
Providing help and support to someone or something

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

carer

US / ˈkeərə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkerər /

noun
Person who looks after others

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

lockdown

US / ˈlɒkdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:kdaʊn /

noun
Confining prisoners to their cells after a riot

anxious

US / ˈæŋkʃəs /

•

UK / ˈæŋkʃəs /

adjecitve
Afraid of what may happen; worried and nervous
Wanting something badly

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

considerable

US / kənˈsɪdərəbl /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdərəbəl /

adjecitve
Large in size, amount, or effect

unbearable

US / ʌnˈbeərəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈbɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Not able to be accepted or tolerated

generation

US / ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdʒɛnəˈreʃən /

noun
Act or process of producing or causing something
People born and living at about the same time

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

truancy

US / ˈtru:ənsi /

•

UK / ˈtruənsɪ /

noun
Failure to attend (especially school)

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

sylvia

US / ˈsɪlvɪə /

•

UK / ˈsɪlviə /

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

payne

US / peɪn /

•

UK / /

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

disagree

US / ˌdɪsə'ɡri: /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈɡri /

verb
To have a different opinion; to fail to agree

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

therapy

US / 'θerəpɪ /

•

UK / ˈθɛrəpi /

noun
Treatment to help cure an illness

victory

US / 'vɪktərɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪktəri /

noun
Defeating or beating someone or something

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

gabby

US / ˈgæbi /

•

UK / 'ɡæbɪ /

adjective
Excessively or annoyingly talkative.

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

lately

US / ˈleɪtli /

•

UK / ˈletli /

adverb
In the recent period of time; recently; just now

overall

US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

adjecitve
Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

senator

US / ˈsenətə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛnətɚ /

noun
An elected politician belonging to the senate

fully

US / 'fʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfʊli /

adverb
Completely or entirely

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

hello

US / hə'ləʊ /

•

UK / hɛˈlo, hə- /

exclamation
What you say when you meet someone

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

bumpy

US / 'bʌmpɪ /

•

UK / ˈbʌmpi /

adjecitve
Being rough, or not smooth
(Of a time) having many difficulties

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

confront

US / kən'frʌnt /

•

UK / kənˈfrʌnt /

verb
To make someone, e.g. who has lied, face the truth
(Of problem) to face someone who must deal with it

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

marsden

US / mɑ:ˈki: /

•

UK / mɑ:rˈki: /

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

bang

US / bæŋ /

•

UK / bæŋ /

noun
Sudden loud noise, as when a bomb explodes
A loud noise
verb
To strike something loudly or forcefully

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

coach

US / kəʊtʃ /

•

UK / kotʃ /

noun
Large, comfortable bus
Person who teaches others how to do (sport, job)
verb
To teach others how to do something (e.g. sport)

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

toughen

US / ˈtʌfn /

•

UK / ˈtʌfən /

verb
To make or become tough or tougher

extent

US / ɪkˈstent /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

noun
Point, level or limit to which something reaches
Range or space included in something

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

recommend

US / ˌrekə'mend /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

verb
To advise or suggest that someone do something

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

student

US / ˈstju:dnt /

•

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

noun
Person studying at school

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

shut

US / ʃʌt /

•

UK / ʃʌt /

verb
To stop being open for business
To close something, e.g. a door

style

US / staɪl /

•

UK / staɪl /

noun
The (tasteful) way something is designed or done
verb
To shape or design something in a certain way

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

uncomfortable

US / ʌnˈkʌmftəbl /

•

UK / ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl, -ˈkʌmftə- /

adjecitve
Not being relaxed; worried about something

refuse

US / rɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / ˈrefjus /

noun
Garbage, waste
verb
To not accept, allow, or give something

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

tricky

US / 'trɪkɪ /

•

UK / ˈtrɪki /

adjecitve
Difficult, so needing skill to do or deal with
Likely to use tricks; dishonest or deceptive

straightforward

US / ˌstreɪtˈfɔ:wəd /

•

UK / stretˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Easy to do or understand; not complicated

parliamentary

US / ˌpɑ:ləˈmentri /

•

UK / ˌpɑ:rləˈmentri /

adjecitve
Related to, or suitable for, a parliament

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

mum

US / mʌm /

•

UK / mʌm /

noun
Mother

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

education

US / ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃən /

noun
Academic field studying the practice of teaching
Process of giving or receiving teaching

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

confound

US / kənˈfaʊnd /

•

UK / kənˈfaʊnd, kɑn- /

verb
To confuse or greatly surprise someone

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

storey

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building

claustrophobic

US / ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbɪk /

•

UK / ˌklɔ:strəˈfoʊbɪk /

adjecitve
Afraid of being trapped in a small place

sick

US / sɪk /

•

UK / sɪk /

adjecitve
Having a physical or mental illness
Morally wrong; perverted

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

deficient

US / dɪˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Lacking something necessary

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

suck

US / sʌk /

•

UK / sʌk /

noun
Drawing of liquid into a tube or hole
phrasal verb
To trick or deceive someone into doing something
verb
To be very bad, undesirable or unpleasant
To be very bad, undesirable, or unpleasant
To pull or remove something with great power
To attract someone; make someone interested
To draw into your mouth through a small hole

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

recommendation

US / ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeʃən /

noun
Act of suggesting something as a good choice

misbehave

US / ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv /

•

UK / ˌmɪsbɪˈhev /

verb
To act badly; be impolite

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

fashion

US / 'fæʃn /

•

UK / ˈfæʃən /

noun
Style of dress or activity popular at some time
Industry that creates new styles of clothes
Way of behaving; manner
Trend that is popular at a given time
Way of doing something; manner
verb
To make things into a particular shape

clinic

US / ˈklɪnɪk /

•

UK / ˈklɪnɪk /

noun
Local medical center; department of a hospital

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

breakfast

US / ˈbrekfəst /

•

UK / ˈbrɛkfəst /

noun
First meal of the day
verb
To have the first meal of the day

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

weak

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

adjecitve
Not having a strong character
Less valuable compared to money of other countries
Ineffective; unconvincing; not strong
Having little power or ability
Not having the necessary or proper amount
Having little power; not strong; easy to break
(Of a drink) having lots of water and little taste

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

intention

US / ɪnˈtenʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Aim or purpose

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

eleven

US / ɪˈlevn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛvən /

number
11

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

legitimacy

US / lɪ'dʒɪtɪməsɪ /

•

UK / ləˈdʒɪtəməsi /

noun
Legally allowed act; undisputed credibility

optimistic

US / ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌɑːptɪˈmɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Tending to believe the future will be good

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

caution

US / 'kɔ:ʃn /

•

UK / ˈkɔʃən /

noun
Quality of being cautious; avoiding risk, danger
Warning given by police for breaking traffic rules
A warning about a possible danger
verb
To give someone a warning about a possible danger

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

busy

US / 'bɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɪzi /

adjecitve
Working hard doing something; full of activity
verb
To actively be occupied with doing something

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

scrutinize

US / ˈskru:tənaɪz /

•

UK / ˈskrutn:ˌaɪz /

verb
To assess if something is within the rules

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

schoolwork

US / ˈskuːlwɜːk /

•

UK / ˈskuːlwɜːrk /

noun
Work students do in class and for homework

confine

US / kənˈfaɪn /

•

UK / kənˈfaɪn /

verb
To hold or imprison someone in a place
Limit to your movements or behavior s

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

outgoing

US / ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈaʊtgoʊɪŋ /

adjecitve
Leaving a place or a position

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

avoidance

US / əˈvɔɪdəns /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪdns /

noun
Act of preventing something happening
Act of staying away from something

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

loss

US / lɒs /

•

UK / lɔ:s /

noun
Friend, family, or other loved person's death
Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
Experience or state of failing to have or keep
A situation when you lose a game
Process of failing to have or keep something
Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
Situation when more money is spent than is earned

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dangerous

US / ˈdeɪndʒərəs /

•

UK / ˈdendʒərəs /

adjecitve
Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky

complain

US / kəmˈpleɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈplen /

verb
To say something is wrong and should be changed

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

adventure

US / əd'ventʃə(r) /

•

UK / ædˈvɛntʃɚ /

noun
An exciting and often dangerous experience
verb
To have an exciting or dangerous experience

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

frustrating

US / frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / frʌˈstretɪŋ /

adjecitve
Annoying because things don't go the way you want
verb
To make annoyed because things don't go well

reluctance

US / rɪ'lʌktəns /

•

UK / rɪˈlʌktəns /

noun
Unwillingness to do something

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

adam

US / ˈædəm /

•

UK / ˈædəm /

proper noun
(in the biblical and Koranic traditions) the first man. According to the Book of Genesis, Adam was c

horrible

US / ˈhɒrəbl /

•

UK / ˈhɔrəbəl, ˈhɑr- /

adjecitve
Very bad; causing annoyance, distaste or fear

sixteen

US / ˌsɪksˈti:n /

•

UK / sɪkˈstin /

number
16

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

principal

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

adjecitve
Being the main or most important
noun
Leading person in a group of musicians or dancers
Head teacher of a school
Original amount of money borrowed

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

segment

US / ˈsegmənt /

•

UK / ˈsɛɡmənt /

noun
Part divided from the other parts of something
verb
To separate something into different parts

gate

US / ɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɡet /

noun
Place in a fence which can be opened or closed

faint

US / feɪnt /

•

UK / fent /

adjecitve
Lacking strength; weak; lacking clarity
Very small, as in a chance or hope
verb
To suddenly become unconscious and fall down

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

melbourne

US / 'melbən /

•

UK / 'melbərn /

proper noun
The capital of Victoria, in southeastern Australia, on the Bass Strait, opposite Tasmania; populatio
A resort city in east central Florida, south of Cape Canaveral; population 77,351 (est. 2008).

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

panic

US / 'pænɪk /

•

UK / ˈpænɪk /

noun
Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
verb
To feel sudden anxiety and fear and cannot think

besides

US / bɪˈsaɪdz /

•

UK / bɪˈsaɪdz /

adverb
Other than or in addition to

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

anxiety

US / æŋ'zaɪətɪ /

•

UK / æŋˈzaɪɪti /

noun
Fear about what might happen; worry

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

victoria

US / vikˈtɔ:riə /

•

UK / vɪkˈtɔriə, -ˈtor- /

noun
A light four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with a collapsible hood, seats for two passengers, and an
proper noun
A state of southeastern Australia; population 5,313,823 (2008); capital, Melbourne. Originally a dis
A port at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, capital of British Columbia; population 78,057 (2006
The capital of the Seychelles, a port on the island of Mahé; population 26,000 (est. 2007).
The administrative center of Hong Kong; population 981,700 (est. 2006).
A city in southern Texas; population 62,558 (est. 2008).
(1819–1901), queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1837–1901 and empress of India 1876–1901. She took a

pandemic

US / pæn'demɪk /

•

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
noun
a pandemic disease

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

systemic

US / sɪ'stemɪk /

•

UK / sɪˈstɛmɪk /

adjecitve
Affecting the entire body, system

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

frozen

US / 'frəʊzn /

•

UK / ˈfroʊzn /

adjecitve
Hard, solid because it is below zero degrees
verb
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

teach

US / ti:tʃ /

•

UK / titʃ /

verb
To help someone learn or do something

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

wow

US / waʊ /

•

UK / waʊ /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make are impressed
verb
(Informal) to greatly impress someone

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

effective

US / ɪˈfektɪv /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Working efficiently to produce a desired result

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

parent

US / 'peərənt /

•

UK / ˈpɛrənt, ˈpær- /

noun
Person's, animal's mother or father
Something creating other things of the same kind

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

intense

US / ɪn'tens /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

adjecitve
Very strong, great or extreme in degree

toast

US / təʊst /

•

UK / tost /

noun
Bread grilled to make it brown and crisp
verb
To grill bread to make it brown and crisp
To raise a glass (of alcohol) to celebrate

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

clothing

US / ˈkləʊðɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈkloʊðɪŋ /

noun
Things you wear on your body, e.g. shirt or dress
verb
To put a certain type of clothing on someone; dress

philosophy

US / fə'lɒsəfɪ /

•

UK / fɪˈlɑsəfi /

noun
Study of ideas about the basic nature of life
Attitude to life that a person has
Particular ideas of an individual philosopher

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

differently

US / 'dɪfrəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəntlɪ /

adverb
In another and different manner

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

school

US / sku:l /

•

UK / skul /

adjecitve
Being to do with schools and education
noun
Large group of fish that swim together
Education of a child
Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
A particular belief or idea about something
verb
To teach or train someone to know or do something

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

classroom

US / ˈklɑ:sru:m /

•

UK / ˈklæsˌrum, -ˌrʊm /

noun
Room in a school where lessons take place

john

US / dʒɔn /

•

UK / dʒɑn /

noun
A toilet.
A prostitute's client.
proper noun
(1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
The name of six kings of Portugal.

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

motivate

US / 'məʊtɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈmotəˌvet /

verb
To give someone a reason, the will to do something

inner

US / ˈɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the inside part of something

discuss

US / dɪˈskʌs /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌs /

verb
To talk about seriously or in great detail

phenomenon

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

noun
Unusual event, fact that can be studied
Interesting or unusual person, group
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

wish

US / wɪʃ /

•

UK / wɪʃ /

noun
Expression of a hope for something in the future
verb
To want something to happen or to become true

shoelace

US / ˈʃu:leɪs /

•

UK / ˈʃuˌles /

noun
String used for fastening shoes

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

overwhelming

US / ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈhwɛlmɪŋ, -ˈwɛl- /

adjecitve
Having too much to handle (e.g. work)
verb
To defeat something or someone completely
To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
To cause to have too much to handle (e.g. work)

mobile

US / 'məʊbaɪl /

•

UK / ˈmoʊbl /

adjecitve
Able to be moved or able to move
noun
Personal phone you take with you wherever you go

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

australian

US / ɒˈstreɪliən /

•

UK / ɔˈstreljən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Australia
noun
People from Australia

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

helpline

US / ˈhelplaɪn /

•

UK / ˈhelplaɪn /

noun
Phone number customers can call with problems

supervise

US / 'su:pəvaɪz /

•

UK / ˈsupɚˌvaɪz /

verb
To watch, direct, and be in charge of

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

dispel

US / dɪ'spel /

•

UK / dɪˈspɛl /

verb
To make fear, an idea etc. go away

alternative

US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

•

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

adjecitve
A different choice
noun
Something different you can choose

fourteen

US / ˌfɔ:ˈti:n /

•

UK / fɔrˈtin /

number
14

lifeline

US / 'laɪflaɪn /

•

UK / ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn /

noun
Rope or cord used to attach a person to a boat

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

judge

US / dʒʌdʒ /

•

UK / dʒʌdʒ /

noun
Person who decides on the results of a contest
Person who has the power to make a decision
verb
To reach a decision about who won a contest
To form an opinion after careful consideration
To make a decision in court

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

seat

US / si:t /

•

UK / sit /

noun
Place where a government or organization is based
A chair or place to sit
Official position in an organization
Part of a chair on which a person sits
verb
To have seats available for a number of people
To give someone a place to sit down

attend

US / əˈtend /

•

UK / əˈtɛnd /

verb
To take care of someone in need
To listen or watch carefully; to concentrate
To be present at an event
To go to a place regularly

outskirt

US / 'aʊtˌskɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌskət /

other
A part of the city far removed from the center

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

adopt

US / əˈdɒpt /

•

UK / əˈdɑ:pt /

verb
To legally take a child into your family
To take on responsibility for something

dad

US / dæd /

•

UK / dæd /

noun
Another word for father

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

poor

US / pʊə(r) /

•

UK / pʊr /

adjecitve
Inferior; below the normal standard
Deserving of pity or sympathy
Without money; not rich

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

slip

US / slɪp /

•

UK / slɪp /

noun
A field position in cricket
A quick escape or become free from something
Combination of clay and water, used in pottery
Occasion when something grows worse or drops lower
Minor mistake
Thin women's underwear to go under a dress
verb
To begin to fall as a result of losing balance
To escape or become free from something
To move from one state to another, usually worse
To slide out of place or fall to the ground
To occur or pass rapidly
To put something in a place quietly and secretly

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

professional

US / prə'feʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

adjecitve
Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
noun
Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

clip

US / klɪp /

•

UK / klɪp /

noun
A metal holder used for keeping things together
Brief part of a television show or movie
verb
To attach things together using a metal pin
To cut a small section or piece out from something
To hit something briefly at an angle

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

psychology

US / saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / saɪˈkɑlədʒi /

noun
The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves

mental

US / ˈmentl /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Concerning the mind

seventeen

US / ˌsevnˈti:n /

•

UK / sev(ə)nˈtin /

number
17

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

battle

US / 'bætl /

•

UK / ˈbætl /

noun
Military fight between armies
Working hard to stop something; struggle
verb
To fight or struggle against someone or something
To work hard to stop something; struggle

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

brand

US / brænd /

•

UK / brænd /

noun
A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
Product made or designed by a named company
verb
To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
To give a famous name to a product or service

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

overwhelm

US / ˌəʊvəˈwelm /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈwelm /

verb
To defeat something or someone completely
To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
To cause to have too much to handle (e.g. work)

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

amelia

US / əˈmiːlɪə /

•

UK / əˈmiljə /

other
Congenital absence of an arm or leg

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

naughty

US / 'nɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɔti /

adjecitve
Behaving badly, e.g. so as to annoy adults

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

scenario

US / sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ /

•

UK / səˈner.i.oʊ /

noun
An imagined sequence of events in a plan/project

lock

US / lɒk /

•

UK / lɑ:k /

noun
Small portion of your hair that hangs together
Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
verb
To become fixed in place and hard to move
To use a key, code so others can't open something

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

refusal

US / rɪˈfju:zl /

•

UK / rɪˈfjuzəl /

noun
Act of not accepting, giving, or doing

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

neurotypical

US / ˌnjʊə.rəʊˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl /

•

UK / ˌnʊr.oʊˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl /

noun
Not suffering from or associated with an unusual brain condition, especially autism

additional

US / əˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Further or added

australia

US / ɒˈstreɪliə /

•

UK / ɔːˈstreɪliə /

noun
The smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

notion

US / ˈnəuʃən /

•

UK / ˈnoʃən /

noun
Sudden idea or desire to do something

knowledge

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒ /

noun
Information, understanding, or skill

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

deny

US / dɪ'naɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈnaɪ /

verb
To refuse to allow or accept something

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

overcome

US / ˌəʊvə'kʌm /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈkʌm /

verb
To succeed in a struggle against; defeat

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

attack

US / ə'tæk /

•

UK / əˈtæk /

noun
Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
verb
To try to destroy, beat, or injure

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

attractively

US / ə'træktɪvlɪ /

•

UK / ə'træktɪvlɪ /

adverb
Acting in a pleasing and interesting manner

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

wag

US / wæɡ /

•

UK / wæɡ /

verb
To move side to side or up and down repetitively

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

alarmingly

US / ə'lɑːmɪŋli /

•

UK / /

adverb
In a worrying manner

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

fresh

US / freʃ /

•

UK / frɛʃ /

adjecitve
Clean; not used or dirty
Remaining clear, as in a person's memory
Newly made or gathered
(Water) not salty, usually from a lake or a river

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

cripple

US / 'krɪpl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪpəl /

noun
(rude) Disabled person
verb
To hurt and make useless

afford

US / ə'fɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈfɔrd, əˈford /

verb
To make available, to provide
To have enough money to pay for something

cope

US / kəʊp /

•

UK / koʊp /

verb
To deal with something in spite of difficulties

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

uniform

US / ˈju:nɪfɔ:m /

•

UK / ˈju:nɪfɔ:rm /

adjecitve
Not changing your conduct or opinion
noun
Set of clothes showing you belong to an army, etc.
verb
To dress in formal clothes like the army wear
To make a group of things the same

diligent

US / ˈdɪlɪdʒənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪlədʒənt /

adjecitve
Showing care, continued effort and hard work

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

unless

US / ənˈles /

•

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

conjunction
Negative of 'if'

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

housing

US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

noun
Homes; houses in general
Cover for a machine
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

exclusive

US / ɪk'sklu:sɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈsklusɪv /

adjecitve
Being available only to people with a lot of money
Available to only a particular person, group

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

lay

US / leɪ /

•

UK / le /

adjecitve
Amateur; not being a trained priest
verb
To place a bet on a game outcome
(Of a bird, etc.) to produce eggs from its body
To put or set something down in a flat position
To set out things on (table) to prepare for a meal

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

aged

US / eɪdʒd /

•

UK / ˈedʒɪd /

adjecitve
Very old; got older
noun
Older people in general
verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older

yep

US / jep /

•

UK / jɛp /

noun
Another way of saying 'yes'

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

everyone

US / ˈevriwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

pronoun
Every person; everybody

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

bedroom

US / ˈbedru:m /

•

UK / ˈbɛdˌrum, -ˌrʊm /

noun
Room with a bed, for sleeping in

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

urgently

US / 'ɜ:dʒəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈə:dʒəntlɪ /

adverb
So that immediate attention must be given

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

else

US / els /

•

UK / ɛls /

adverb
Otherwise; if you fail to
(Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

apologize

US / ə'pɒlədʒaɪz /

•

UK / əˈpɑləˌdʒaɪz /

verb
To say sorry because of a mistake or injury

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

misunderstood

US / ˌmɪsʌndə'stʊd /

•

UK / ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstʊd /

verb
To fail to get the meaning correctly

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

celebrate

US / 'selɪbreɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɛləˌbret /

verb
To observe an event or occasion, e.g. a birthday
To lead or participate in a religious ceremony
To express praise or thanks for something

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

isolate

US / ˈaɪsəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈaɪsəˌlet /

verb
To identify, consider, or deal with separately
To keep in a place or situation apart from others
To separate something from another substance

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

fear

US / fɪə(r) /

•

UK / fɪr /

noun
Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
verb
To be afraid of or nervous about something

abuse

US / ə'bju:s /

•

UK / əˈbjuz /

noun
Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
verb
To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
To use something wrongly or dishonestly
To insult someone or swear at them

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

penny

US / ˈpeni /

•

UK / ˈpɛni /

noun
Person's name
Small coin worth 1/100th of a pound
A small amount of British money

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

familiarity

US / fəˌmɪliˈærəti /

•

UK / fəˌmɪlˈjærɪti, -ˌmɪliˈær- /

noun
Manner of talking or behaving

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

cop

US / kɒp /

•

UK / kɑp /

noun
Slang for police officer

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

biology

US / baɪˈɒlədʒi /

•

UK / baɪˈɑlədʒi /

noun
The study of living things

direction

US / də'rekʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkʃən, daɪ- /

noun
When someone tells people what to do
Describes the way you are going, e.g. North

accusation

US / ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌækjuˈzeʃən /

noun
When you claim that someone has committed a crime

avocado

US / ˌævəˈkɑ:dəʊ /

•

UK / ˌævəˈkɑ:doʊ /

noun
Pear-shaped fruit with green flesh and large stone

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

self

US / self /

•

UK / sɛlf /

noun
Person's own interests or desires
Person that someone really is
Particular aspect of someone's personality
Person, usually someone already been mentioned

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

damage

US / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈdæmɪdʒ /

noun
Physical harm that is done to something
verb
To harm physically; to hurt or break something

worker

US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

noun
Person who works

Introduction to Video Content

Crippling Modern Phenomenon Keeping Kids from SchoolThe phenomenon of school refusal is becoming increasingly prevalent among Australian school students, presenting a complex and confounding issue. These students, who genuinely want to learn, find themselves unable to enter the classroom due to overwhelming anxiety. This has nothing to do with skipping school or a lack of resilience. Rather, it is a genuine physical and psychological struggle that has teachers and parents deeply concerned.Sarah Turner, a sixteen-year-old student from Melbourne, is a prime example of the challenges faced by these students. Despite being dressed and seemingly ready for school, she often finds herself unable to take that crucial next step. It feels like an impossible task to attend school, not a matter of choice. Sarah describes feeling physically incapable of going to school, experiencing symptoms such as dizziness, sickness, weakness, heart racing, and shaking. On her worst days, she would have panic attacks, making it impossible to even leave the car or move.Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns in Victoria, Sarah was an exemplary student. She excelled academically, was highly motivated, and popular among her peers. However, the lockdowns took a toll on her mental health and triggered intense anxiety about leaving the house. This resulted in a drastic decline in her school attendance, with over 50% of school missed in the past two years.The impact of school refusal goes beyond the individual student, affecting their academic progress and social development. It also places a significant burden on teachers and parents who are left grappling with how to address this issue. With the phenomenon on the rise, it is crucial to raise awareness and seek effective intervention strategies to support these students and ensure they have the opportunity to receive the education they deserve.

Subtitles section

There's a complex and confounding issue affecting an increasing number of Australian school students.

They're pupils who want to learn, but they're refusing to go into the classroom.

The reason?

They feel physically unable because they're so overwhelmed by anxiety.

It's got nothing to do with wagging, and no, they simply don't need to toughen up.

As Sylvia Jeffries reports, the phenomenon of school refusal is a problem that has many teachers and parents very worried.

Her uniform is on, her shoelaces are tied.

Sixteen year old Sarah Turner looks ready to go to school.

But taking the next step has, more often than not, been a step too far.

It felt like it was kind of impossible to go to school.

It wasn't like a choice kind of thing.

It was like, I just felt like I physically couldn't go.

For this year ten student from Melbourne, there have been more losses than victories in the daily battle to get to the classroom.

I feel faint and like sick and weak and I get like a heart racing and shaking and stuff like that.

Some of my hardest days I'd just be having panic attacks all morning and I couldn't like move or I'd get even if I'd get to school in the car I couldn't get out or I'd get out and I just felt like frozen kind of.

Sarah used to be an A grade student, diligent, motivated and popular.

But that all fell apart in twenty twenty one as she struggled to cope with COVID lockdowns in Victoria.

I used to love school, yeah, a lot.

I was very, like, outgoing and did a lot of things before the lockdowns.

It wasn't until the lockdowns where we were at home a lot that I started not wanting to go out and getting really anxious about going out.

How much school do you think you've missed in the last two years?

Over fifty percent of school, so a lot.

What do you want for breakfast, Gabby?

You don't know?

Do you want avocado toast?

Across Melbourne, thirteen year old Gabby is also struggling to go to school.

Are you going to go to school today?

You are?

You going to try?

For his parents, Christelle and Gabor, the goal most mornings is simply to keep their cool, no matter how frustrating and uncomfortable this is for everyone.

Today, sadly, is not a good day.

Gabby shuts himself in his bedroom, complaining of a headache.

How much school has he missed this year?

Overall, he's been to school for about sixty days and he's missed over eighty days of school, so yeah, maybe about two thirds.

Two thirds?

Yeah.

So more than half of the year he's been at home?

Yep.

Teaching himself.

What do your worst days look like?

So he gets ready, we get into a car, I'll drive him, but he goes into like a really bad case of anxiety, I guess.

He just, he bangs his head against the seat and it's, yeah, it's not a good experience.

How does that make you feel, Mum, to see him so distressed?

Yeah, it's horrible.

Yeah, it's definitely hard.

What's confounding is it's not a reluctance to do schoolwork that's keeping Gabby away from the classroom.

With his mum's help, he does his best to continue his studies at home.

But even still, his grades are slipping.

On the bad days when you can't go, how do you feel?

Nothing really, just don't want to go to school that day for some reason.

Do you feel a bit sick?

Well, only sometimes, not really that much.

You just can't go.

Yeah.

Do you wish you could go to school more often?

I guess, yeah, sometimes.

It's a feeling Sarah Turner understands all too well.

She likes her teachers.

She likes her friends.

She even quite likes exams.

Her problem is she finds school unbearable.

Has anyone told you, you know, you just have to suck it up and go to school?

Yeah, I've had a lot of that.

A lot of people just telling me to push through and just do it.

Or a lot of accusations that it's just because I don't want to go.

I would say that they don't know actually what it's like.

And it's a lot more physical than you think.

It's very isolating and it stops you from actually doing things you want.

It's not like you don't want to do it, it's like you physically can't.

While kids have been wagging the odd day of school here and there forever, school refusal is a very different thing.

It's not truancy, and young people like Sarah and Gabby are not isolated cases.

In Australia, the number of students crippled by so much fear they can't attend the classroom has grown alarmingly.

By some estimates, one in three families with school aged children

are affected by it.

School refusal is a tricky word.

It's really school can't, not won't so much.

So it's kids with anxiety based school avoidance who really struggle with social anxiety and really find it difficult to get out of home, into school and into the classroom.

Social worker John Chelu has the challenging job of helping hundreds of students who are struggling with school.

His Melbourne clinic, the only one of its kind in Australia, has never been busier.

It's really an issue that affects kids aged five through to seventeen, school age, from all walks of life and from all neurodiverse and neurotypical backgrounds.

How bad does this get?

In the worst case scenarios, I'm dealing with children who have pretty much shut down and gone on strike and who have, who are locked in their bedrooms and there's massive conflict in the home.

You know, in some cases, children have lost the will to live and are really threatening to end their lives.

I think there's a lot of reasons for school refusal.

One is that children have become far more supervised and far more scrutinized than they were in previous generations.

The lives of these children are becoming far more intense and far more claustrophobic, and that's

making it very difficult for them to cope when they're put in a different environment.

And so the school environment to many of them feels overwhelming and dangerous and threatening because it doesn't have that claustrophobic familiarity of the home.

John Marsden is a celebrated author of children's books, as well as the principal at Candlebark, an alternative school on the outskirts of Melbourne.

Here, things are done a little differently.

Are kids allowed to have mobile phones at this school?

No, they're not using phones at all.

Are parents supportive of that?

If they're not, it's too bad.

That's the way it is.

And if they don't like it, they can go somewhere else.

We don't apologise for the kind of schooling we're offering.

And what part of the world was it set in?

John's philosophy is to encourage resilience and a sense of adventure among his students.

Something he fears the modern approach to parenting has been denying children.

The style of parenting has a considerable influence on whether children will cope well with school or not.

I think there is a pandemic of child abuse in Australia which no one will confront or talk about, but it's invisible because it's not abuse of the body.

People are clothing their children adequately and effectively and even attractively, or they are looking after their food, and they're looking after their housing, and they're looking after their schooling, but what's happening is damage to the inner self.

It's very strong to talk about this as a form of child abuse.

Do you cop some criticism for that?

Oh yeah, these aren't popular views, but they're views that are formed after forty five years of teaching.

Penny Ullman Payne disagrees.

She was a public school teacher for thirty years before becoming a Greens Senator in Canberra.

She cautions those who are quick to lay blame on mums and dads.

It's absolutely not poor parenting.

It's not that a young person is deficient in some way or is watching too much social media or the like.

It's a systemic issue.

And I think we need to come back to the fact that we have a schooling system that is not working for every young person.

Earlier this year, Senator Almyn Payne sat on a parliamentary inquiry into school refusal.

It recognised the problem and recommended immediate additional mental health support for affected students.

But whether the federal government will actually adopt the recommendations, the senator is not so sure.

Young people have waited for a very long time to get a fully funded and properly resourced education.

And I think this inquiry is just another example of the fact that if we continue to fail to do that, we are really selling short the young people in this country.

We're letting them down.

We are.

That's more biology than psychology.

Oh, OK.

Sarah Turner's mum, Kirsty, welcomes the fact school refusal is at least being discussed.

She says it provides much needed legitimacy, helping dispel the often held notion it's a made up issue, or that treating it should be straightforward.

It's been a full time job, sort of over and above normal parenting.

And how has this all affected

your professional life, your working life?

I haven't been able to go back to work.

I was pretty much a twenty four seven carer besides just being a normal mum and, you know, became a bit of a mind coach for her as well at times.

Speaking to friends and even family, that was challenging because people just don't understand.

Did you feel judged or misunderstood?

Yes, to a certain extent, from some people that sort of said, just drop her at the gate and go.

I think we're talking about a whole generation of young people here that have fallen behind.

And I think the impacts will stay with them unless we do something about this quickly.

Do you fear that this issue will get worse before it gets any better?

There's no services out there for them.

I can't afford them, and there's waiting lists.

Hold it down, let go, and up.

There she goes.

John Chelu says more help is urgently needed, but he's optimistic school refusal can be overcome.

His simple but effective therapy is to get students out of confined spaces.

Cross, slip.

It's a fresh start, starting with fresh air and some good old fashioned physical activity.

For Gabby, it seems to be working.

Quick hands who reached their goals from last week.

Gabbs, what was yours?

Walk my dog.

Walk your dog.

And did you?

Once.

Well done.

Go.

Gabby certainly has the intention of going to school.

It's just that he just physically can't do it.

I think it's good for people to understand that it's not just some kid being naughty.

You know, he's not just misbehaving because he doesn't want to go to school.

Yeah, it's more than that.

Do you ever worry about the impact of all of that lost time and what that might mean in the future?

I try not to think about it and try to just move like day by day and get through it and figure it out as I go.

And after school I hope that I can get like a good job that I enjoy and probably like in psychology or something and then I can help other people with my knowledge from my personal experience as well.

Like Gabby, Sarah Turner is moving in the right direction.

It might be a sometimes slow and bumpy road back to the classroom, but she knows it's worth it.

Do you feel like you're making some progress?

Yeah, I'm making a lot of progress, yeah.

Have you been back to school lately?

Yeah, I have.

Wow.

You proud of yourself?

Yeah, I'm very proud.

If this story has raised issues and you need to speak with someone, call Lifeline on thirteen eleven fourteen or the Kids Helpline on one eight hundred double five one eight hundred.

Hello, I'm Amelia Adams.

Thanks for watching Sixty Minutes Australia.

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