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Unlocking Parkinson's | 60 Minutes Archive

Original YouTube Video | 60minutes Published on 2024-01-12 Level：83 Speed：23 maxwordlevel：8

#Healthcare #Treatment

Video vocabulary

everyday

US / ˈevrideɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

adjecitve
Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

cavity

US / ˈkævəti /

•

UK / ˈkævɪti /

noun
Hole or empty space, especially in a tooth
Hole in a tooth

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

mri

US / ˌem ɑːr ˈaɪ /

•

UK / ˌem ɑːr ˈaɪ /

abbreviation
MRI is an acronym

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

whom

US / hu:m /

•

UK / hum /

pronoun
Used in formal writing or speech

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

cure

US / kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / kjʊr /

noun
Something that solves a problem or makes it better
Medical treatment making a sick person healthy
verb
To fix or improve a problem
To make someone healthy or make a disease go away
To keep food from going bad by drying or salting

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

choice

US / tʃɔɪs /

•

UK / tʃɔɪs /

adjecitve
Of good quality or taste; desirable
noun
Decision between two or more possibilities

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

clinic

US / ˈklɪnɪk /

•

UK / ˈklɪnɪk /

noun
Local medical center; department of a hospital

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

ali

US / ɑ:ˈli: /

•

UK / ɑˈli /

noun
Fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites; he was a cousin and son-

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

hole

US / həʊl /

•

UK / hol /

noun
An empty space, as in the ground, in a sock etc.
Fault or weakness in a plan, idea or explanation
Opening into or through something
An awkward or difficult situation
Dirty or unpleasant place with poor facilities
verb
(Golf) to get the ball into the hole

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

suffer

US / 'sʌfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

verb
To experience pain, illness, or injury

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

effectiveness

US / ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs /

•

UK / əˈfɛktɪvnɪs /

noun
Degree of how well something works or is done

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

triathlon

US / traɪ'æθlən /

•

UK / traɪ'æθlən /

noun
Distance race where you swim, ride a bike, and run

thrill

US / θrɪl /

•

UK / θrɪl /

noun
Thing/event causing sudden excitement or pleasure
verb
To feel sudden excitement or pleasure

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

magnet

US / ˈmægnət /

•

UK / 'mæɡnət /

noun
Metal object that attracts or repels other metals
Something popular and able to draw people

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

foggy

US / 'fɒɡɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔɡi /

adjecitve
With cloudy air that makes seeing things difficult

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

muscle

US / 'mʌsl /

•

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

noun
Physical power
Body tissue that moves parts of the body
verb
To use or muscles of force to get what you want

rewind

US / ˌri:ˈwaɪnd /

•

UK / riˈwaɪnd /

verb
To make something go backwards

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

dramatic

US / drəˈmætɪk /

•

UK / drəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Gripping the attention; causing an effect
(Of an event) sudden and extreme

correct

US / kə'rekt /

•

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

adjecitve
Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
True or accurate
verb
To fix a problem
To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
To punish in order to improve

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

greek

US / gri:k /

•

UK / ɡrik /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Greece
noun
Person from Greece

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

dependent

US / dɪˈpendənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɛndənt /

adjecitve
Someone who relies on (financial) support

success

US / sək'ses /

•

UK / səkˈsɛs /

noun
Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
A successful person; one who achieved their aims

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

operation

US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

noun
Business or company, or its activities
Functioning; use
Medical procedure involving surgery

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

field

US / fi:ld /

•

UK / fild /

noun
Area of study, such as physics or biology
Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
Open area of land, especially without buildings
Grassed area where you play some sports
verb
To respond to something or answer a question
To catch or stop a ball during a game

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

relax

US / rɪˈlæks /

•

UK / rɪˈlæks /

verb
To calm or quiet yourself, or stop worrying
To release the tightness in muscles
To make a rule or law less strict

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

sorry

US / ˈsɒri /

•

UK / ˈsɑ:ri /

exclamation
What you say to admit you were wrong
adjecitve
Causing others to feel pity; poor
Feeling regret or sympathy about wrong thing

nicely

US / ˈnaɪsli /

•

UK / 'naɪslɪ /

adverb
In a pleasing way; in a polite way

deteriorate

US / dɪ'tɪərɪəreɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈtɪriəˌret /

verb
To become worse in condition or value

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

computer

US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

noun
Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

representative

US / ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv /

adjecitve
Acting or speaking for other people
Typical of a particular group or thing
noun
Typical example of a particular category
Politician who acts on behalf of the people
A person who acts as an agent or sales person

hello

US / hə'ləʊ /

•

UK / hɛˈlo, hə- /

exclamation
What you say when you meet someone

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

communicate

US / kə'mju:nɪkeɪt /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪˌket /

verb
To give and exchange information

music

US / 'mju:zɪk /

•

UK / ˈmjuzɪk /

noun
Sounds that are sung or played to give pleasure
Academic study of rhythms and sounds
Written symbols that represent musical sounds

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

razor

US / ˈreɪzə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrezɚ /

noun
Tool with a sharp edge used to shave beard or hair

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

hobby

US / ˈhɒbi /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:bi /

noun
Regular activity done in free time, for pleasure

test

US / test /

•

UK / test /

noun
A medical examination
Action to establish the truth or nature of
Examination; questions to measure knowledge
verb
To be given a medical examination
To try to establish the truth or nature of
To ask a series of questions to measure knowledge

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

rewire

US / ˌri:'waɪə(r) /

•

UK / riˈwaɪr /

verb
To put new electricity cables in (a building)

revolutionary

US / ˌrevə'lu:ʃənərɪ /

•

UK / ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri /

adjecitve
Marking a significant change in something
Relating to a violent replacement of a government
noun
Person fighting to replace a government

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

antibody

US / ˈæntibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈæntibɑ:di /

noun
Substance produced by the body to fight disease

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

surgery

US / 'sɜ:dʒərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɚdʒəri /

noun
A doctor's office; health clinic
Medical operation involving cutting into body

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

hopeless

US / ˈhəʊpləs /

•

UK / ˈhoʊpləs /

adjecitve
With no chance of getting what you want

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

dawn

US / dɔ:n /

•

UK / dɔn /

noun
First light of day
Person's name
verb
To begin to grow light as the sun rises
To begin to be understood for the first time

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

progressively

US / prəˈgresɪvli /

•

UK / prəˈɡrɛsɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a progressive manner

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

sentence

US / 'sentəns /

•

UK / ˈsɛntəns /

noun
Official punishment given by a court of law
Set of words that make a whole statement
verb
(Of a judge) to decide the punishment of

normally

US / ˈnɔ:məli /

•

UK / ˈnɔːrməli /

adverb
In the manner that is usual or ordinary

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

electrical

US / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

•

UK / ɪˈlektrɪkl /

adjecitve
Related or connected to electricity

barbara

US / ˈbɑːb(ə)rə /

•

UK / ˈbɑrbərə /

affect

US / ə'fekt /

•

UK / əˈfɛkt /

verb
To cause a change in something else

volt

US / vəult /

•

UK / volt /

noun
Unit in which electricity is measured

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

lease

US / li:s /

•

UK / lis /

noun
Contract renting land, buildings, etc. to another
verb
To rent; pay money to use something, e.g. car

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

faulty

US / 'fɔ:ltɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔlti /

adjecitve
Not perfectly made/working correctly; defective

doctor

US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

noun
Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
Person awarded the highest university degree
verb
To treat someone's illness
To change something in order to trick someone

beyond

US / bɪ'jɒnd /

•

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

adverb
On or to the farther side
In addition to
preposition
Later in time than
Out of the limits of

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

church

US / tʃɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / tʃɚtʃ /

noun
Building where Christians gather and pray to God
An occasion of Christian religious prayer, worship

attend

US / əˈtend /

•

UK / əˈtɛnd /

verb
To take care of someone in need
To listen or watch carefully; to concentrate
To be present at an event
To go to a place regularly

assure

US / əˈʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / əˈʃʊr /

verb
To confirm; state with certainty something is so
To make sure that something happens

anybody

US / ˈenibɒdi /

•

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

pronoun
Any person; anyone

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

surgical

US / ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rdʒɪkl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to surgery or operations

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

continuous

US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

adjecitve
Happening, existing, or performed without stops

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

stimulation

US / ˌstɪmjʊ'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌstɪmjʊ'leɪʃn /

noun
Arousal of interest or emotions

propose

US / prə'pəʊz /

•

UK / prəˈpoz /

verb
To make an offer of marriage
To offer or put forward an idea for consideration

shirt

US / ʃɜ:t /

•

UK / ʃɜ:rt /

noun
Light garment for upper body, with sleeves

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

pain

US / peɪn /

•

UK / pen /

noun
Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
verb
To cause someone to feel upset or worry

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

increasingly

US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /

adverb
More and more; in greater degree or amount

frame

US / freɪm /

•

UK / frem /

noun
Structure that holds a picture or photo
A person's body shape determined by their skeleton
Main part of structures supporting the other parts
verb
To make a person that is not guilty appear guilty
To put say or write something in a careful way
To put a picture in a protective structure

bowling

US / 'bəʊlɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbolɪŋ /

noun
Game to roll a ball at objects to knock them down
verb
To roll a ball in the sport of bowling
To throw a ball in a game such as cricket
The playing of a game of tenpins or duckpins etc.

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

wild

US / waɪld /

•

UK / waɪld /

adjecitve
Living in nature; not tame
(Of land) not developed by people
adverb
In a manner which lacks control
noun
A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

notion

US / ˈnəuʃən /

•

UK / ˈnoʃən /

noun
Sudden idea or desire to do something

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

fluid

US / 'flu:ɪd /

•

UK / ˈfluɪd /

adjecitve
A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
Able to move smoothly or gracefully
Changing often and without warning
noun
Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water

dell

US / del /

•

UK / dɛl /

noun
Small wooded hollow in some land; small valley

drug

US / drʌɡ /

•

UK / drʌɡ /

noun
Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
Chemical used as a medicine
verb
To give drugs to someone to make them sleep

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

sunday

US / ˈsʌndeɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌndi, -ˌde /

noun
Seventh day of the week, the day after Saturday

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

breakthrough

US / 'breɪkθru: /

•

UK / ˈbrekˌθru /

noun
Important discovery in doing something difficult

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

stick

US / stɪk /

•

UK / stɪk /

noun
Long thin piece of wood from a tree
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

transmit

US / trænsˈmɪt /

•

UK / trænsˈmɪt, trænz- /

other
To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
verb
To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
To transfer data from one machine to another
To allow the passage of light
To transfer money to another person or place
To transfer a disease between people
To transfer to other people e.g. ownership of car

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

procedure

US / prəˈsi:dʒə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈsidʒɚ /

noun
A medical operation
Usual or standard steps taken to do something

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

millimetre

US / ˈmɪlimi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪlimiːtər /

noun
Unit of measure, 1/1000 of a metre (symbol mm)

listen

US / ˈlɪsn /

•

UK / ˈlɪsən /

verb
To carefully consider what someone is saying

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

cope

US / kəʊp /

•

UK / koʊp /

verb
To deal with something in spite of difficulties

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

truth

US / tru:θ /

•

UK / truθ /

noun
Real facts about something

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

shave

US / ʃeɪv /

•

UK / ʃev /

verb
To cut the beard/hair close to skin with a razor

revolve

US / rɪˈvɒlv /

•

UK / rɪˈvɑ:lv /

verb
To move something in a circular motion

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

scan

US / skæn /

•

UK / skæn /

noun
A look inside the body with a special machine
verb
To look inside of the body with a special machine
To look at something very quickly for information
To look at all parts to find something
To make a digital copy of an image or a paper

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

incision

US / ɪnˈsɪʒn /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɪʒən /

noun
Cut, as that done by a surgeon in an operation

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

strike

US / straɪk /

•

UK / straɪk /

noun
A punch or hit
Fact of not hitting the ball when playing baseball
Refusal to work to get more pay, protest something
verb
To hit something
To suddenly become (e.g. rich)
To have an idea occur to you

relieve

US / rɪ'li:v /

•

UK / rɪˈliv /

verb
To make less boring by making some change
To replace workers with others
To make a problem less difficult or serious
To reduce pain, stress or an unpleasant feeling

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

poster

US / 'pəʊstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpostɚ /

noun
A large, printed notice or picture
Someone who writes and shares messages on online

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

whereas

US / ˌweərˈæz /

•

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

conjunction
Taking into consideration the fact that

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

severe

US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

•

UK / səˈvɪr /

adjecitve
Very bad; harsh
Being very serious or extremely bad
(Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

mentally

US / ˈmentəli /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl:ɪ /

adverb
With or in the mind and thoughts

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

drill

US / drɪl /

•

UK / drɪl /

noun
A machine that makes holes with a metal bit
Exercise done to learn military skills
Disciplined practice, as of soldiers marching
verb
To make a deep hole to find oil, gas etc.
To put a hole in something by using a boring tool
To train in something through repetition

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

uncontrollable

US / ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbl /

•

UK / ˌʌnkənˈtroʊləbl /

adjecitve
That cannot be controlled or prevented

tremor

US / ˈtremə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɛmɚ /

noun
Trembling/shaking from body weakness, stress, etc.

stimulate

US / 'stɪmjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈstɪmjəˌlet /

verb
To arouse or excite emotionally

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

manifest

US / 'mænɪfest /

•

UK / ˈmænəˌfɛst /

noun
List of cargo on a ship
verb
To express or show clearly

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

dale

US / deɪl /

•

UK / del /

noun
Area of low land between hills or mountains
Person's name

cruel

US / 'kru:əl /

•

UK / ˈkruəl /

adjecitve
Hurtful; acting to hurt others intentionally

anchor

US / 'æŋkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæŋkɚ /

noun
Metal hook on a rope used to stop boats moving
Person who presents a news program on TV
verb
To lower an anchor to hold a boat or ship in place

activity

US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

•

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

noun
An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

strange

US / streɪndʒ /

•

UK / strendʒ /

adjecitve
Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

medication

US / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness

electric

US / ɪˈlektrɪk /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛktrɪk /

adjecitve
Creating a feeling of excitement
Using electricity

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

erwin

US / ˈɜːwɪn /

•

UK / /

del

US / del /

•

UK / del /

noun
An operator used in vector analysis.

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

tongue

US / tʌŋ /

•

UK / tʌŋ /

noun
Long, thin part of (e.g. shoe under the laces)
Meat from the mouth of an animal, cooked as food
A language
Movable fleshy thing in your mouth, for tasting
Act of scolding someone
A specific manner of speaking
verb
To using your mouth to produce musical notes
To use your mouth to touch something

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

eavesdrop

US / 'i:vzdrɒp /

•

UK / ˈivzˌdrɑp /

verb
To secretly listen to another conversation

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

symptom

US / 'sɪmptəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪmtəm, ˈsɪmp- /

noun
Sign that suggests that there is a problem

section

US / 'sekʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛkʃən /

noun
A part of a whole
Specific area or region within a larger place
Specific group of people from a larger group
Part of a book, newspaper, etc.
verb
To divide something into smaller parts

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

nose

US / nəʊz /

•

UK / noʊz /

noun
Part of the face used for breathing and smelling
Front, pointed end of e.g. airplane or rocket
verb
To push with your face so you can smell something

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

diagnose

US / ˈdaɪəgnəʊz /

•

UK / ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs /

verb
To determine the cause of an illness or problem

death

US / deθ /

•

UK / dɛθ /

noun
When someone dies; the end of life

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

wire

US / 'waɪə(r) /

•

UK / waɪr /

noun
Thin, flexible thread of metal
Thin string of metal used to carry electricity
Act of sending a message by telegraph
verb
To connect two or more things together with cable
To send money to someone electronically
To send or send word to by telegraph

fix

US / fɪks /

•

UK / fɪks /

noun
Answer to a problem
verb
To arrange or prepare something
To attach something so it will not move or change
To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
To make an animal unable to produce young
To make something whole or able to work again

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

october

US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

•

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

noun
10th month of the year

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

disease

US / dɪˈzi:z /

•

UK / dɪˈziz /

noun
Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

immobilize

US / ɪˈməʊbəlaɪz /

•

UK / ɪˈmoʊbəlaɪz /

verb
To stop someone or something from moving

neurologist

US / njʊəˈrɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / nʊˈrɑ:lədʒɪst /

noun
Doctor specializing in the nervous system

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

transform

US / træns'fɔ:m /

•

UK / trænsˈfɔrm /

verb
To change the shape completely in a good way

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

freeze

US / fri:z /

•

UK / friz /

noun
Sudden stop to prevent increase or decreases
Period of very cold weather under zero degrees
verb
To harden to a solid below zero degrees
To store an item of food in a cold place
To make someone to not want to communicate
To stop moving and be still; stay the same

passionate

US / ˈpæʃənət /

•

UK / ˈpæʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Being easily excited to strong emotions
Having strong sexual desires

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

swiftly

US / swɪftlɪ /

•

UK / ˈswɪftlɪ /

adverb
Quickly

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

ability

US / ə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / əˈbɪlɪti /

noun
The power, resources or skill to do something

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

avoid

US / ə'vɔɪd /

•

UK / əˈvɔɪd /

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

neuron

US / ˈnʊərˌɔn, ˈnjʊər- /

•

UK / ˈnʊrˌɑn, ˈnjʊr- /

noun
A nerve cell

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

buffalo

US / ˈbʌfələʊ /

•

UK / ˈbʌfəloʊ /

noun
Wild animal with horns similar to a large cow

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

destructive

US / dɪ'strʌktɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈstrʌktɪv /

adjecitve
Causing a very large amount of damage

fine

US / faɪn /

•

UK / faɪn /

adjecitve
Good, acceptable or satisfactory
Of high quality; made with great skill
In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
Being of high quality
Good; okay; no problem
(Of weather) good; not raining
noun
Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
verb
To pay money because you broke a law

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

generator

US / ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌretɚ /

noun
Machine that produces electrical power

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

awake

US / əˈweɪk /

•

UK / əˈwek /

adjecitve
Not asleep; up; alert
verb
To make aware of (a certain feeling or memory)
To wake from sleep; wake someone from sleep

fourteen

US / ˌfɔ:ˈti:n /

•

UK / fɔrˈtin /

number
14

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

olive

US / ˈɒlɪv /

•

UK / ˈɑ:lɪv /

noun
Person's name
Small, oval-shaped black or green fruit

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

ready

US / 'redɪ /

•

UK / ˈrɛdi /

adjecitve
Being likely or about to do something
Being willing to do a task
verb
To prepare something for use or action

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

checkup

US / 'tʃekʌp /

•

UK / ˈtʃɛkˌʌp /

noun
A thorough physical examination

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

electrode

US / ɪˈlektrəʊd /

•

UK / ɪˈlektroʊd /

noun
Device to connect electronic machines to the body

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

map

US / mæp /

•

UK / mæp /

noun
Diagram showing the geography of an area
verb
To draw a diagram to show the geography of an area
To find points of similarity between things

patient

US / 'peɪʃnt /

•

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

adjecitve
Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
noun
Person who receives medical treatment or care

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

electricity

US / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti /

•

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti,ˌilɛk- /

noun
Energy generated positive and negative charges

handsome

US / 'hænsəm /

•

UK / ˈhænsəm /

adjecitve
A large amount or quantity
Good looking and attractive (usually used of men)

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

ruinous

US / ˈru:ɪnəs /

•

UK / ˈruənəs /

adjecitve
Extremely harmful financially or to your status

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

adjust

US / əˈdʒʌst /

•

UK / əˈdʒʌst /

verb
To change; to attain a desired state or function
To change so as to fit in with new conditions

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

confident

US / ˈkɒnfɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnfɪdənt /

adjecitve
Feeling that you can do well at something

restore

US / rɪˈstɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈstɔr, -ˈstor /

verb
To return a thing to its original condition

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

treat

US / tri:t /

•

UK / trit /

noun
Something you buy for others as a surprise present
something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
verb
To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
To act in a certain way toward someone

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

fade

US / feɪd /

•

UK / fed /

verb
To cause to lose brightness of color
To lose strength or freshness

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

doug

US / dʌg /

•

UK / dʌg /

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

pacemaker

US / ˈpeɪsmeɪkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpesˌmekɚ /

noun
Specialized heart device to control the heart rate
Specialized heart tissue controlling the heartbeat
The someone who determines the speed of a race

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

dyskinesia

US / ˌdɪskɪ'ni:ʒə /

•

UK / ˌdɪskɪ'ni:ʒə /

other
Abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements

extent

US / ɪkˈstent /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

noun
Point, level or limit to which something reaches
Range or space included in something

locate

US / ləʊ'keɪt /

•

UK / ˈloˌket,loˈket /

verb
To find exactly where something is positioned
To put something in a new place

scarcely

US / ˈskeəsli /

•

UK / ˈskɛrsli /

adverb
Only a very short time before

probe

US / prəʊb /

•

UK / prob /

noun
A thorough or deep examination of a problem
Device used to send information from outer space
Long medical instrument to look inside your body
verb
To carefully examine an issue by asking questions
To examine the inside of something using a tool

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

vision

US / 'vɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒən /

noun
Ability to see; eyesight
Something you see in your imagination or dreams
Ability to plan for the future of something

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

housebound

US / ˈhaʊsbaʊnd /

•

UK / 'haʊsbaʊnd /

adjecitve
Unable to leave the house, often due to illness

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

static

US / ˈstætɪk /

•

UK / ˈstætɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning electricity that collects on a surface
Being unchangeable or unmovable
noun
Unwanted noise that disturbs a radio or TV signal

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

embarrassed

US / ɪmˈbærəst /

•

UK / ɪmˈbærəst /

adjecitve
Ashamed
verb
To cause someone to feel ashamed

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

sex

US / seks /

•

UK / sɛks /

noun
State of being male or female
Physical activity by which we produce babies

prison

US / 'prɪzn /

•

UK / ˈprɪzən /

noun
Place the court puts criminals as punishment; jail

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

buzz

US / bʌz /

•

UK / bʌz /

noun
Low pitched sound similar to the sound bees make
verb
To make a low, constant noise like a bee

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

leprosy

US / ˈleprəsi /

•

UK / ˈlɛprəsi /

noun
Disfiguring infectious skin disease

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

proper

US / 'prɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɑpɚ /

adjecitve
Correct according to social or moral rules

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

perspective

US / pə'spektɪv /

•

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

noun
Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
Ability to understand what is important in life

remarkable

US / rɪˈmɑ:kəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəbəl /

adjecitve
Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

incurable

US / ɪnˈkjʊərəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkjʊrəbl /

adjecitve
Being unable or unlikely to change
Unable to be cured; having no cure

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

tooth

US / tu:θ /

•

UK / tuθ /

noun
A sharp points on the edge of a machine or tool
Hard white things in the mouth, used to bite

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

disappear

US / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈpɪr /

verb
To no longer see because it's not there any more

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

hardly

US / ˈhɑ:dli /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rdli /

adverb
Clearly or undoubtedly not; very little
Almost not; scarcely

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

labyrinth

US / 'læbərɪnθ /

•

UK / ˈlæbəˌrɪnθ /

noun
Something complex and challenging to understand
Complex network of passages where you may get lost

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

skull

US / skʌl /

•

UK / skʌl /

noun
Structure of bones forming the face and head

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

implant

US / ɪmˈplɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɪmˈplænt /

noun
Medical material, thing to improve the teeth, body
verb
To put something into, an idea in someone's mind
To put medical material in, as to improve teeth

barely

US / ˈbɛəli /

•

UK / ˈbɛrli /

adverb
Only just; just possible

pool

US / pu:l /

•

UK / pul /

noun
Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
Small body of still water
Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
verb
(Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)

cease

US / si:s /

•

UK / sis /

verb
To come or bring to an end; stop continuing

Introduction to Video Content

Unlocking Parkinson's | 60 Minutes ArchiveEvery year, fifty thousand Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. While it may not be an immediate death sentence, the effects of Parkinson's can be devastating. The mind remains sharp, but control of the body is steadily lost. Although medication can provide temporary relief initially, its effectiveness diminishes over time, and the associated side effects can be just as destructive as the disease itself.This article focuses on a groundbreaking treatment that has the potential to restore a semblance of normalcy to the lives of the million and a half Americans living with Parkinson's. Currently, this treatment is only available to patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, like Del Maxson, who was initially despairing when he was first introduced to it.Del Maxson, a fifty-five-year-old resident of Forestville, New York, near Buffalo, received his Parkinson's diagnosis fourteen years ago. As the disease progressed, his condition worsened. His muscles frequently froze, leaving him immobile. While medication provided temporary relief, it also caused uncontrollable and erratic movements, making it a cruel choice between the effects of the disease and the effects of the medicine.Before Parkinson's took over his body completely three years ago, Maxson was able to manage the disease to some extent. However, as the medication lost its effectiveness, he found himself increasingly unable to function for the majority of each day. His condition deteriorated even further, leading to dyskinesia - involuntary and exaggerated movements - which made him housebound and entirely reliant on his wife, Barbara.Their lives had become incredibly restricted, unable to enjoy simple activities like going out for a meal or participating in Maxson's favorite pastime, bowling. The couple felt completely helpless, with no viable solutions available.This video sheds light on the dire challenges faced by people with Parkinson's and introduces an innovative treatment that offers hope for a better quality of life. While it may not be a cure, it has the potential to alleviate the debilitating symptoms and restore independence to those affected by this progressive neurological disorder.

Subtitles section

Sixty Minutes Rewind.

Every year, fifty thousand Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

It's not an immediate death sentence.

In some ways, it's worse.

The mind stays sharp, but control of the body is steadily lost.

Medication may help at first, but over time, its effectiveness disappears, and side effects are often as ruinous as the disease.

This story is not about a cure, but a treatment that could restore something like normal life to many of the million and a half Americans with Parkinson's.

At the moment, it's been reserved for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, people like Del Maxson, who, when we first met him, seemed beyond hope.

It's like having a sharp mind that's

It's an antibody that doesn't work.

Del Maxson is fifty five years old.

He lives in Forestville, New York, near Buffalo.

He was diagnosed with Parkinson's fourteen years ago, and the disease has gotten progressively worse.

The muscles freeze, immobilizing him.

Drugs relieve that condition for short periods, but produce uncontrollable, wild movements.

It's a cruel choice between the effects of the disease and the effects of the medicine.

My days revolve around my ability to move.

I can't plan ahead for anything, so I just wait until I'm able to move to do something.

Up until three years ago, he was able to cope with the disease, but the Parkinson's swiftly took over his body and the medication ceased to work.

Can hardly do anything.

For more and more of every day, he was barely able to function.

That's about the extent of it for a while.

The wild movements called dyskinesia made him housebound, totally dependent on his wife, Barbara.

We don't go out to eat.

He used to like to go bowling.

We can't do that.

Just very limited.

There's nothing really we can do.

He could not bear to suffer the stares of strangers.

They look at you like you're mentally handicapped, feeling sorry for you, and that's another thing.

I really don't want anybody feeling sorry for me.

I want to be treated the same as other people.

Touch your nose.

Last October, Del Maxon heard words he could scarcely believe.

We're gonna fix it.

Dr. Ali Rezai, a neurosurgeon, is part of a team at the Cleveland Clinic, one of about fifty centers that are now offering a revolutionary treatment called deep brain stimulation.

Electrodes are implanted in both sides of the brain and wired through the body to two small generators like heart pacemakers.

The electric charge is the key that will release Del from the prison of Parkinson's.

The procedure begins before dawn.

Del has a metal frame fixed to his skull to keep his head from moving.

He's off all medication, so his body will remain still.

Dr. Rezai has mapped a route to the target using a computer and MRIs and CAT scans.

See the ears, top of the ears?

and going through various sections of the brain until we find the right area.

The target is about the size of a small olive.

Reaching it requires careful plotting, avoiding blood vessels and fluid cavities.

It's like traveling through a labyrinth, as in the Greek myth.

And around every corner, you have that bloodthirsty monster that can jump on you.

So you wanna be careful to avoid these areas.

See, this is perfect, actually, perfect.

He drills two dime sized holes in Del's skull.

Then, among the many voices in the OR, one becomes of prime importance.

Are you okay?

I'm fine.

Del must be awake so he can communicate, assuring the doctors that the probe is not affecting vital areas of speech and vision.

Okay, show me your teeth.

Stick your tongue out.

Very good, okay.

Just a millimeter off could cause problems.

Del feels nothing.

The brain does not feel pain.

Going even deeper, they locate the target using a tiny microphone on the tip of the probe that transmits the sounds of brain activity.

We're kind of eavesdropping on the conversation the neurons are having.

Is that the static that we hear?

Well, static to some ears, music to mine.

Dr. Erwin Montgomery, the neurologist on the team, understands the language of the brain.

You can close your eyes and listen and you know exactly where the electrode is.

Okay, so ten microamps now.

A test charge of electricity produces immediate results.

We're doing a little bit of stimulation here, and when we stimulate, that muscle just relaxes quite nicely.

Oh, yeah.

It's nearing six hours since the operation began.

Hey, Dale, hang in there.

We're gonna need you to really be awake for this part, okay?

Oh, okay.

Because you have to communicate.

This is it.

We already mapped the area.

We found where we need to go.

Now we're going to implant the actual permanent electrodes, okay?

Okay.

As each electrode is implanted, they turn on the electricity.

So let's go to one volt.

Can you open and close your hand like this?

Definitely better.

Better.

So I would say we're rounding third and heading for home, my friend.

Okay.

That's a lot better.

Everything looks very, very good.

Everything we saw here today has made me very confident.

What Dr. Rezai now is gonna do is anchor this electrode in place, and then he's going to close up the incisions, and you'll be done for today.

Okay.

Hello.

How are you?

Pretty good, pretty good.

A month later, he's back in Cleveland for a checkup.

It's clear the operation has been a huge success.

How's he doing?

Really good.

Okay.

The dyskinesia is gone.

His medications have been reduced by two thirds.

Your face has improved.

All the muscles are released and your speech is much improved.

And what activities do you want to do that you could not do before as far as hobbies and so on?

You want to go back playing music?

Music, shooting pool.

Shooting pool, okay.

Wild, passionate sex.

Okay.

He's here to have the power system adjusted.

The pacemakers are first turned off so that the differences in his ability to control his body can be measured.

When it's off, do you feel an immediate change?

Basically, I stop moving.

It's like turning on and off a light switch.

Really?

Yeah.

And it's that immediate as well?

Yeah.

Turning me off, I fade out maybe fifteen minutes.

But turning me on, you should see that.

Okay, I turned that on.

What did you feel?

I feel like this buzz going through my whole body.

The differences between on and off are dramatic.

This is Dell turned off.

Now on.

Even more dramatic, Dell walking with the stimulation off, and walking turned on.

Are the results that Mr. Maxon got pretty much what you normally get, or is he a particularly good or average result?

No, I think he's pretty average.

I think he's pretty representative of the types of benefits.

So far, more than three thousand people have benefited.

Mark Sharpe's benefits were remarkable.

In this home video, he demonstrates just how remarkable.

With the stimulation off, his condition seems hopeless.

He reaches down for the magnet that will switch the electricity on.

And he's transformed.

He could be the poster boy for the procedure.

Only months after the surgery, he took part in and completed a triathlon.

How does it work?

Essentially, there's faulty wiring in the brain that's manifesting in Parkinson's.

So you're basically rewiring the brain to maintain the proper functioning of the brain.

In the truth of the matter, though, is we really don't know how it works.

We really don't have the foggiest notion.

We have some theories, but increasingly, we're finding evidence that those theories are not true.

So exactly how it works, we don't know.

How does it compare with other surgical

procedures or straight medication.

Is it really the breakthrough that sounds like?

Oh, absolutely.

I mean, surgery has been done for Parkinson's disease since the nineteen fifties.

And that would require going and actually destroying part of the brain.

But now with deep brain stimulation, you don't actually have to destroy that brain.

You just put the electrode in, leave it there and stimulate.

So the safety is much, much better.

and over time, your symptoms progress, you deteriorate further, you can adjust your pacemaker, whereas with the old surgery, the destructive surgery was a one shot deal.

In the old surgery, electric stimulation was used to locate the target.

A French surgeon, noting that the electrical probes stop the tremors, proposed a system of continuous stimulation as a permanent treatment.

Are there some patients for whom this just doesn't work?

Sure, I mean, there are patients who do less well.

On the average, these Parkinson's patients are improved by fifty to sixty percent.

In this field, is that good or extraordinary to get sixty percent?

I think so.

I mean, these are patients who are basically very severe Parkinson's, and they have essentially failed medications.

They have no other hope.

So you take a patient who is advanced, has had Parkinson's many years, is disabled, can't do activities, and you give them a new lease on life.

The story will continue after this.

For the first time in years, Del Maxson is back playing his favorite game.

Any way you could have done this, say, a month ago?

I couldn't even pick up the stick a month ago.

Just take me through some of the, how your life has changed.

How my life has changed.

Today, I got up, I shaved with a razor, and I put on my own shirt.

These are major things, though, for you, correct?

These are absolutely major things.

Just everyday things that other people take for granted.

All of which seem like breakthroughs for you.

Yes.

Here we go, you handsome dog, you.

On a recent Sunday morning, Doug got himself ready for an even bigger breakthrough.

He'd stopped attending his church almost three years ago.

Too embarrassed to be seen.

But on this day, he was in control of his own body and finally ready to be welcomed back to the congregation.

You went back to church for the first time.

Yes.

Was that a big moment in your life?

Major.

Just to be out in public and just to do something as simple as that, just to go out and be amongst people and not feel like a

like I have leprosy or something.

What'd your friends make of being in church after all these years?

They were thrilled, they were thrilled.

I am so glad to see you.

It's been such a long time.

Like a new man.

It strikes me that you are a new person.

Do you feel like a new person?

Absolutely, I've got a new life.

My perspective before the operation was

Parkinson's is incurable and progressive, which means it always gets worse.

It never, ever gets better.

So it was kind of a dark future that I had.

Now, I've got a future.