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Graham Hancock on Archaeological Mysteries in the Amazon

Original YouTube Video | joerogan Published on 2023-10-25 Level：100 Speed：46 maxwordlevel：17

Video vocabulary

mystery

US / ˈmɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪstəri /

noun
Quality of being strange and not understood
Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
Something that is not known

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

shaman

US / ˈʃeɪmən /

•

UK / ˈʃɑmən, ˈʃe- /

noun
Priest who uses magic/spirits to heal or predict

shoot

US / ʃu:t /

•

UK / ʃut /

noun
Emerging new part of a plant
verb
To kick or throw a ball at a goal
To fire a gun; injure or kill someone with a gun
To (cause to) fly away forcefully
To use a camera to record a film/take a photograph

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

basis

US / ˈbeɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈbesɪs /

noun
Main ingredient or part of something
Starting situation, fact, idea to develop from

farm

US / fɑ:m /

•

UK / fɑ:rm /

noun
Land used for growing crops or raising animals
verb
To use land for raising plants or animals for food

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

greek

US / gri:k /

•

UK / ɡrik /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Greece
noun
Person from Greece

light

US / laɪt /

•

UK / laɪt /

adjecitve
Being bright making it easy to see; not dark
Being pale and lacking darkness of color
Not heavy; weighing only a little
adverb
Carrying few bags when traveling
noun
A source of energy that makes a room or area bright
Way in which something or someone is understood
verb
To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
To provide a way to see ahead

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

hdmi

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A standard for connecting high-definition video devices.

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

lidar

US / ˈlaɪdɑː(r) /

•

UK / /

noun
Measuring system that detects and locates objects on the same principle as radar but uses light from

mixed

US / mɪkst /

•

UK / mɪkst /

verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

settler

US / ˈsetlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛtlɚ /

noun
Person going to live in an uninhabited region

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

artifact

US / 'ɑ:təˌfækt /

•

UK / ˈɑrtəˌfækt /

noun
Object made by humans, e.g. ancient tool

conventional

US / kən'venʃənl /

•

UK / kənˈvɛnʃənəl /

adjecitve
Following the common attitudes and practices

foundation

US / faunˈdeiʃən /

•

UK / faʊnˈdeʃən /

noun
Base or important starting point
Underground base on which building is constructed
Institution supported by a private fund
First cosmetic used when putting on makeup
Action of establishing an organization

brazil

US / brəˈzɪl /

•

UK / brəˈzɪl /

noun
Largest Latin American country and Largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

werner

US / wend /

•

UK / wɛnd /

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

octagon

US / ˈɒktəgən /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ktəgɑ:n /

noun
Shape with eight sides and eight angles

funding

US / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfʌndɪŋ /

verb
To supply money for something

wooden

US / ˈwʊdn /

•

UK / ˈwʊdn /

adjecitve
(Of acting) without natural emotion; unconvincing
Made of wood

tribute

US / 'trɪbju:t /

•

UK / ˈtrɪbjut /

noun
Something that is said or done to show respect
Payment, e.g. to another country, for protection

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

pleiades

US / /

•

UK / ˈplid /

other
A star cluster in the constellation Taurus

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

trace

US / treɪs /

•

UK / tres /

noun
Very small quantity of something
verb
To make an outline to determine a shape
To find someone or something that has disappeared
To draw the outline of an image through thin paper

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

astronomical

US / ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl /

•

UK / ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl /

adjecitve
Extremely large or high
Of the study of stars and other bodies in space

rot

US / rɒt /

•

UK / rɑ:t /

verb
To break down into pieces through dying; decay

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

labor

US / 'leɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlebɚ /

noun
The people with work in a community
All of the workers in a country, specific company
verb
To struggle to do something because it's difficult
To work hard (often physically) for many hours

heresy

US / 'herəsɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪsi /

noun
Act of rebelling against accepted religion

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

extremely

US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

•

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is much more than usual or expected

capable

US / 'keɪpəbl /

•

UK / ˈkepəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able to do something very well; proficient

astronomer

US / əˈstrɒnəmə(r) /

•

UK / əˈstrɑ:nəmə(r) /

noun
Scientist studying stars and other bodies in space

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

elder

US / ˈeldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛldɚ /

adjecitve
Older than
noun
The person who is older than another
Wise, experienced and respected older person

alter

US / ˈɔ:ltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔltɚ /

verb
To change so (clothing) fits better

align

US / əˈlaɪn /

•

UK / əˈlaɪn /

verb
To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

exciting

US / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ /

adjecitve
Creating interest, happiness or pleasurable fear
verb
To cause a reaction; make active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

aware

US / əˈwɛə /

•

UK / əˈwɛr /

adjecitve
Knowing or feeling that something exists

terrible

US / ˈterəbl /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible

tend

US / tend /

•

UK / tɛnd /

verb
To move or act in a certain manner
To take care of
To regularly behave in a certain way

spell

US / spel /

•

UK / spɛl /

noun
Making some magic happen; form of words to do this
Period of time; time when an action is being done
verb
To lead to future trouble
To be able to write (or say) the letters of a word

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

revere

US / riˈviə /

•

UK / rɪˈvɪr /

verb
To give someone great respect and loyalty

jong

US / dʒɔŋ /

•

UK / /

exclamation
Used to express surprise, pleasure, or anger, or to add emphasis to a statement.
noun
A young black male servant.
Used as a form of address to both men and women, expressing affection or exasperation.

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

teaching

US / ˈti:tʃɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈtitʃɪŋ /

noun
The act of helping people learn
verb
To help someone learn or do something

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

mainstream

US / ˈmeɪnstri:m /

•

UK / ˈmenˌstrim /

adjecitve
considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc. that are accepted by most people
noun
Prevailing current of thought

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

vision

US / 'vɪʒn /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒən /

noun
Ability to see; eyesight
Something you see in your imagination or dreams
Ability to plan for the future of something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

respect

US / rɪ'spekt /

•

UK / rɪˈspɛkt /

noun
Behavior that follows the established rules
Admiration for someone
Regard or admiration for someone or something
verb
To follow the established rules
To think very highly of another person

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

sea

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Very large group of people, similar-looking things
Large body of salty water with land around it

preserve

US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

•

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

noun
Protected area of land with plants and animals
verb
To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
To protect something from harm, loss or damage
To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

earthwork

US / ˈɜːθwɜːk /

•

UK / ˈɜːrθwɜːrk /

noun
Earthen rampart

compass

US / ˈkʌmpəs /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəs, ˈkɑm- /

noun
Device that shows the direction of north
Two-pointed tool for drawing circles, etc.

clamber

US / ˈklæmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈklæmbɚ, ˈklæmɚ /

verb
To climb or do something awkwardly; scramble

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

touch

US / tʌtʃ /

•

UK / tʌtʃ /

noun
Certain way of doing that makes something special
A small amount of something
Feeling of a surface
verb
To affect feelings, especially by causing sympathy
To be next to each other with no space between
To get involved with (used in negative)
To feel an object with your fingers, etc.

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

piranha

US / pɪˈrɑ:nə /

•

UK / pɪˈrɑnjə, -ˈrænjə, -ˈrɑnə, -ˈrænə /

noun
South American fish that strips meat from prey

naked

US / ˈneɪkɪd /

•

UK / ˈnekɪd /

adjecitve
Not wearing any clothes; without covering

hardly

US / ˈhɑ:dli /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rdli /

adverb
Clearly or undoubtedly not; very little
Almost not; scarcely

fascinating

US / ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfæsəˌnetɪŋ /

adjecitve
Having your attention fixated as though by a spell
Very interesting
verb
To attract or interest greatly

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

fly

US / flaɪ /

•

UK / flai /

noun
Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
verb
To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
To move at a high speed
To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
To pilot people or items by plane
To travel through the air using wings

excavation

US / ˌekskəˈveɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkskəˈveʃən /

noun
Act of uncovering by digging into the ground

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

lascaux

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A cave in southwestern France that contains Paleolithic paintings

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

corner

US / 'kɔ:nə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔrnɚ /

noun
Place where two lines, sides, corners etc. meet
Edges of something, e.g. eyes, boxing ring
verb
To force into a position impossible to escape from
To go around a bend in the road (often by driving)

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

india

US / 'ɪndɪə /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪə /

proper noun
A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3

geographer

US / dʒiˈɒgrəfə(r) /

•

UK / dʒiˈɑ:grəfə(r) /

noun
Expert in the study of the earth and its features

constellation

US / ˌkɒnstə'leɪʃən /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstəˈleʃən /

noun
Group of things or people that are similar
Groups of stars which form patterns
other
Groups of stars which form patterns

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

sistine

US / ˈsistain,ˈsisti:n /

•

UK / ˈsɪsˌtin, sɪˈstin /

adjective
Relating to any of the popes called Sixtus, especially Sixtus IV.

philanthropist

US / fɪˈlænθrəpɪst /

•

UK / fəˈlænθrəpɪst /

noun
Someone who makes charitable donations

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

ourselves

US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

•

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

pronoun
(Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

geometric

US / ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk /

•

UK / ˌdʒiəˈmɛtrɪk /

adjecitve
With regular mathematical patterns/straight lines

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

scientific

US / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

•

UK / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning academic study of the physical world

sloth

US / sləʊθ /

•

UK / slɔθ, sloθ, slɑθ /

noun
Someone not wanting to work because they are lazy

structure

US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

•

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

noun
The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
verb
To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

survey

US / 'sɜ:veɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɜː(r)veɪ /

noun
Broad view or general description of something
Act of measuring land or property to make a map
Set of questions used to ask people about a topic
verb
To offer a broad view or general description
To measure an area of land to make a map of it
To ask people a question about a particular topic

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

explanation

US / ˌekspləˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkspləˈneʃən /

noun
Details or reasons given to make something clear

keno

US / ˈkiːnəʊ /

•

UK / ˈkiːnoʊ /

noun
Game in which numbered balls are drawn at random and players cover the corresponding numbers on thei

megafauna

US / me'ɡæfɔ:nə /

•

UK / me'ɡæfɔ:nə /

noun
Very large animals

shamanic

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to the beliefs and practices associated with a shaman.

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

sheer

US / ʃɪə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɪr /

adjecitve
(Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
(Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
adverb
Straight up and down; steeply
verb
To suddenly turn or change direction

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

dot

US / dɒt /

•

UK / dɑt /

noun
Small round mark
verb
To place small amounts/things in various places
To mark something by placing a small, round spot

mindset

US / ˈmaɪndset /

•

UK / ˈmaɪndset /

noun
Way someone things about something

overflight

US / ˈəʊvəflaɪt /

•

UK / ˈoʊvərflaɪt /

other
A flight by an aircraft over a particular area (especially over an area in foreign territory)

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

blessing

US / 'blesɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈblɛsɪŋ /

noun
Act making something holy by special prayers
verb
To make something holy by saying a special prayer

civilization

US / ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən /

noun
A highly developed society

brilliant

US / 'brɪlɪənt /

•

UK / ˈbrɪljənt /

adjecitve
Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
Being very bright, like a diamond; shining

consciousness

US / 'kɒnʃəsnəs /

•

UK / ˈkɑnʃəsnɪs /

noun
Process by which thoughts, ideas are processed

helsinki

US / ˈhelsiŋki /

•

UK / ˈhɛlˌsɪŋki, hɛlˈsɪŋ- /

proper noun
The capital of Finland, a port in the southern part of the country, on the Gulf of Finland; populati

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

mesopotamians

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to or characteristic of the ancient south-western Asian region of Mesopotamia or its inhabi
noun
A native or inhabitant of the ancient south-western Asian region of Mesopotamia.

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

available

US / əˈveɪləbl /

•

UK / əˈveləbəl /

adjecitve
Present and able to be used
Able to be used at a scheduled time

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

rego

US / ˈredʒəʊ /

•

UK / ˈredʒoʊ /

noun
A motor-vehicle registration.
The action of registering, especially for an activity; registration.

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

giza

US / ˈgiːzə /

•

UK / ˈgɪzə /

other
An ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids a

fortunately

US / ˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ˈfɔ:rtʃənətli /

adverb
Through good luck; luckily

zodiac

US / ˈzəʊdiæk /

•

UK / ˈzoʊdiæk /

noun
A belt-shaped region in the heavens on either side to the ecliptic; divided into constellations or s

undertaking

US / ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ /

noun
Responsibility taken on; duty or task
verb
To begin; attempt; take on responsibility for

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

momentarily

US / ˌməʊmənˈteərəli: /

•

UK / ˌmomənˈtɛrəli /

adverb
For an instant or moment

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

clearance

US / ˈklɪərəns /

•

UK / ˈklɪrəns /

noun
A sale at a store to get rid of excess items

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

locally

US / 'ləʊkəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈlokəlɪ /

adverb
In the area being referred to

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

spot

US / spɒt /

•

UK / spɑt /

noun
A certain place or area
A difficult time; awkward situation
Place or ranking on a list
A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
verb
To see someone or something by chance

project

US / prəˈdʒekt /

•

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

noun
A planned piece of work for specific purpose
Group of homes built by government for poor people
verb
To predict what will happen in the future
To show something on a screen using light
To stick out past the edge of something

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

distant

US / 'dɪstənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

adjecitve
Unfriendly; cold
Existing or happening far away in place or time
(Of relationships) not being closely related

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

artist

US / ˈɑ:tɪst /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪst /

noun
A person skilled and creative in art e.g. painter

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

subcontinent

US / ˌsʌbˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈsʌbˌkɑntənənt, sʌbˈkɑn- /

noun
Landmass that is part of a continent, e.g. India

journey

US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

noun
Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
verb
To travel through a place

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

herzog

US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

oval

US / ˈəʊvl /

•

UK / ˈoʊvl /

adjecitve
Being egg-shaped
noun
Egg-shaped object or shape
A sports ground e.g. for cricket

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

folklore

US / ˈfəʊklɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈfoʊklɔ:(r) /

noun
Traditional beliefs and stories of a people

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

chapel

US / ˈtʃæpl /

•

UK / ˈtʃæpəl /

noun
Room to hold religious services

colombian

US / kə'lɒmbɪən /

•

UK / kə'loʊmbɪrn /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Colombia
noun
Person from Colombia

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

robinson

US / ˈrɒbɪnsn /

•

UK / ˈrɑːbɪnsn /

prove

US / pru:v /

•

UK / pruv /

verb
To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

enclosure

US / ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈkloʊʒə(r) /

noun
Area surrounded by a fence

building

US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

noun
A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

foreground

US / ˈfɔ:graʊnd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrˌɡraʊnd, ˈfor- /

noun
The area in front of a picture or person
verb
To make something more visible or important

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

phenomenon

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

noun
Unusual event, fact that can be studied
Interesting or unusual person, group
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

wow

US / waʊ /

•

UK / waʊ /

exclamation
Sound people make when they make are impressed
verb
(Informal) to greatly impress someone

wall

US / wɔ:l /

•

UK / wɔl /

noun
High, flat side of a room or building

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

indigenous

US / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

•

UK / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

adjecitve
Being naturally from an area, not somewhere else

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

james

US / dʒeimz /

•

UK / dʒemz /

proper noun
The name of seven Stuart kings of Scotland.
The name of two kings of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

drawer

US / drɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈdrɔɚ /

noun
Sliding box of a desk, closet used to store things

bull

US / bʊl /

•

UK / bʊl /

noun
Large male animal such as a cow or elephant
Nonsense; untrue or foolish statements
verb
To push/force something into a certain direction

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

ayahuasca

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
A tropical vine native to the Amazon region, noted for its hallucinogenic properties.

absurd

US / əb'sɜ:d /

•

UK / əbˈsɚd, -ˈzɚd /

adjecitve
So foolish as to be difficult to believe

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

noun
High-level educational institution; college

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

physical

US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

•

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the body of a person
Concerning things that can be seen or touched
noun
Health check at the doctors' or hospital

plant

US / plɑ:nt /

•

UK / plænt /

noun
Factory or a place where things are made
Living thing with leaves and roots growing in soil
verb
To firmly position something (in the ground)
To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

chord

US / kɔ:d /

•

UK / kɔrd, kord /

noun
Line that joins two points on a circle
Combination of musical notes played at same time

cave

US / keɪv /

•

UK / kev /

noun
Large hole in the side of a cliff or hill
verb
To give in to pressure

accept

US / ək'sept /

•

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

verb
To agree to receive or take something offered
To admit that something is true or correct

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

jamie

US / dʒeimz /

•

UK / dʒemz /

awake

US / əˈweɪk /

•

UK / əˈwek /

adjecitve
Not asleep; up; alert
verb
To make aware of (a certain feeling or memory)
To wake from sleep; wake someone from sleep

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

rock

US / rɒk /

•

UK / rɑk /

noun
Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
verb
To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
To be extremely effective or pleasing
To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
To move back and forth or from side to side

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

invent

US / ɪnˈvent /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛnt /

verb
To create something such as a story or excuse
To create something useful for the first time

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

clearing

US / ˈklɪərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈklɪrɪŋ /

noun
An area in a forest without trees
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

valuable

US / ˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

adjecitve
Being useful or important
Being worth a lot of money

regard

US / rɪ'ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrd /

noun
Admiration or respect for a person or thing
verb
To think about a person, thing in a particular way
To look at a person or thing in a particular way

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

comet

US / ˈkɒmɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mət /

noun
Moving object in space, with a long, bright tail

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

slide

US / slaɪd /

•

UK / slaɪd /

noun
Part of machines that slides backward and forward
Reduction in amount, price, quality
Metal or plastic device, used to hold back hair
Piece of glass to view object on using microscope
Action of moving by means of sliding
Sudden unexpected fall of mud or rock down a hill
Small piece of film with a photo on it
A child's play apparatus in a park for sliding
A backless shoe with an open toe
A slip on something wet or slippery
verb
To pass or move smoothly and rapidly into or out
To grow increasingly worse over time
To move smoothly and rapidly over a surface
(Mud or rock) to fall down a hill
To secretly pass something into or out of
To slip on something wet or slippery

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

curious

US / ˈkjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈkjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Wanting to know more about something
Attracting interest by being strange or unusual

everyday

US / ˈevrideɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

adjecitve
Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

mind

US / maɪnd /

•

UK / maɪnd /

noun
One's opinion or way of thinking about something
Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
verb
To be bothered or upset by something
To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

scientist

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

noun
Person who is trained in a science

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

dmt

US / /

•

UK / /

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

turtle

US / ˈtɜ:tl /

•

UK / ˈtɜ:rtl /

noun
Animal that lives in water and has a hard shell

astronomy

US / əˈstrɒnəmi /

•

UK / əˈstrɑ:nəmi /

noun
Study of stars and other bodies in space

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

exercise

US / 'eksəsaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɛksɚˌsaɪz /

noun
Physical activity to increase health and strength
Set of questions in a text book
verb
To work out to become stronger and healthier
To retain your ability or practice your skills

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

grande

US / græmps /

•

UK / græmps /

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

visionary

US / ˈvɪʒənri /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒəneri /

adjecitve
Thinking about the future in an imaginative way

art

US / ɑ:t /

•

UK / ɑrt /

noun
Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
A skill or talent you have

archaeology

US / ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi /

•

UK / ˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒi /

noun
The study of ancient societies

confine

US / kənˈfaɪn /

•

UK / kənˈfaɪn /

verb
To hold or imprison someone in a place
Limit to your movements or behavior s

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

expert

US / 'ekspɜ:t /

•

UK / ˈɛkˌspɚt /

adjecitve
Having special knowledge or skill
noun
Skillful person with special knowledge

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

rainforest

US / ˈreɪnfɒrɪst /

•

UK / ˈreɪnfɔ:rɪst /

noun
Ancient forest growing in tropical regions

scallop

US / ˈskɔləp, ˈskæl- /

•

UK / ˈskɑləp, ˈskæl- /

noun
Type of shellfish with two flat, round shells

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

smoke

US / sməʊk /

•

UK / smoʊk /

noun
Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
verb
To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

coincidentally

US / kəʊˌɪnsɪ'dentəlɪ /

•

UK / koʊˌɪnsɪ'dentəlɪ /

adverb
In an unplanned manner; by chance

dude

US / du:d /

•

UK / dud, djud /

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

indonesia

US / ˌɪndəʊ'ni:zjə /

•

UK / ˌɪndə'ni:ʒəˌ -ʃəˌ -doʊ- /

noun
A republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than , islands; achieved independen

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

pyramid

US / 'pɪrəmɪd /

•

UK / ˈpɪrəmɪd /

noun
Four-sided structure with sides meeting at the top
With a small management and huge workforce
Deceitful scheme to trick people out of money

wood

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

adjecitve
Living or existing in the woods
Made from the material from trees
noun
Person's name
Land covered with trees, smaller than a forest
Cut tree used for making fires or building things
verb
To plant an area of land with trees

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

organize

US / ˈɔ:gənaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔ:rgənaɪz /

verb
To arrange and plan things, e.g. a party

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

positioning

US / pə'zɪʃnɪŋ /

•

UK / pə'zɪʃnɪŋ /

verb
To put in a particular location or direction

sun

US / sʌn /

•

UK / sʌn /

noun
Light and heat coming from a large star in the sky
Hot shining star the Earth moves around
verb
To lie in the sunshine and enjoy its warmth

brazilian

US / brəˈzɪliən /

•

UK / brəˈzɪliən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Brazil
noun
Person from Brazil

discovery

US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

noun
Learning something for the first time

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

nazca

US / /

•

UK / /

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

culture

US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

noun
Beliefs and customs of a particular group

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

guy

US / ɡaɪ /

•

UK / ɡaɪ /

noun
Man; boy; any person

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

mayan

US / 'mɑ:jən /

•

UK / 'mɑ:jən /

adjecitve
Of ancient Indian civilization, e.g. in Yucatan

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

archaeologist

US / ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst /

noun
Scientist studying ancient societies

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

extinct

US / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɪŋkt /

adjecitve
(Of animal, etc.) having died out; with none left
(E.g. of volcano) not active

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

plug

US / plʌg /

•

UK / plʌɡ /

noun
Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
A promotion of a product
verb
To use an object to block a hole
To promote or advertise a product

dryas

US / /

•

UK / /

other
Mountain avens

drink

US / drɪŋk /

•

UK / drɪŋk /

noun
A liquid that you put in your mouth
verb
To put water in your body through your mouth

filho

US / fɪltʃ /

•

UK / fɪltʃ /

hang

US / hæŋ /

•

UK / hæŋ /

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

interface

US / ˈɪntəfeɪs /

•

UK / ˈɪntərfeɪs /

noun
Place where things come together to communicate
verb
To make two different elements interact

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

screen

US / skri:n /

•

UK / skrin /

noun
Wire net in a door or window to keep insects out
Displays in a theater on which movies are shown
Flat surface on a computer or TV showing images
verb
To hide or block something from being seen
To examine to find something, e.g. best candidate

ancient

US / 'eɪnʃənt /

•

UK / ˈenʃənt /

adjecitve
Very old; having lived a very long time ago

amazonian

US / ˌæməˈzəunjən /

•

UK / ˌæməˈzoniən /

adjective
Relating to or denoting the Amazon River or its surrounding region.
(of a woman) tall and strong or athletic.

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

amazon

US / 'æməzən /

•

UK / 'æməzən /

noun
A large strong and aggressive woman
other
Mainly green tropical American parrots

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

fabio

US / ˈfɑbioʊ /

•

UK / /

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

pollution

US / pəˈlu:ʃn /

•

UK / pəˈluʃən /

noun
Dangerous substances released into an environment

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

tree

US / tri: /

•

UK / tri /

noun
Tall green plants in a forest

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

confess

US / kən'fes /

•

UK / kənˈfɛs /

verb
To admit that you did something wrong

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

peter

US / ˈpi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpitɚ /

noun
Disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth

paint

US / peɪnt /

•

UK / pent /

noun
Colored liquid you apply with a brush
verb
To make a picture with colored liquids
To describe as
To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

characteristic

US / ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk /

•

UK / ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk /

adjecitve
Typical or distinctive

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

connection

US / kəˈnekʃn /

•

UK / kəˈnɛkʃən /

noun
Something that joins things together; being joined
Person you know who can help you in some way
Changing vehicles when traveling

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

intent

US / ɪnˈtent /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnt /

adjecitve
Having a fixed purpose or intention; not deviating
noun
Aim or purpose

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

speculation

US / ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌspɛkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Taking risks that might lead to big profits
Prediction or guess about future events/outcomes

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

pillar

US / ˈpɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪlɚ /

noun
Tall strong post that supports a building
Person in a group who is important or respected
Very important or essential idea or belief

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

pattern

US / 'pætn /

•

UK / ˈpætən /

noun
Model to follow in making or doing something
Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
Regular repeated behavior
verb
To copy the way something else is made

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

trevor

US / ˈtrɛvə /

•

UK / ˈtrɛvər /

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

entity

US / 'entətɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛntɪti /

noun
Something that exists by itself and is real

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

hook

US / hʊk /

•

UK / hʊk /

noun
Bent tool used to catch fish or to hang things on
The start of a story which catches your interest
verb
To make a bent or curved shape
To catch your interest completely
To catch, hang or attach something with a bent wire

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

stone

US / stəʊn /

•

UK / stoʊn /

noun
Hard, solid piece of rock
verb
To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

Introduction to Video Content

The video titled 'Graham Hancock on Archaeological Mysteries in the Amazon' provides insights into the Jurogan Experience and the presence of a lost science in the Amazon. The speaker talks about the traces of a scientific mindset and showcases pictures of neoglyphs to support his claims. The presentation begins with the speaker expressing the need to connect the HDMI to display the slides. He goes on to highlight the vastness of the Amazon, which spans 6.7 million square kilometers with a significant portion still covered by rainforests. Despite its size, very little archaeology has been conducted in the region, making the ongoing research particularly fascinating. The state of Acre in the southwest of Brazil is specifically mentioned as the location of extraordinary geoglyphs. The speaker, accompanied by colleagues from Helsinki University and expert LiDAR analysts, shares their experiences of conducting aerial surveys and discovering massive earthworks spanning hundreds of meters. These earthworks, often encroached upon by farms, have only recently started to receive funding for further study. The speaker acknowledges Eugene Chong for his efforts in supporting this research.

Subtitles section

The Jurogan Experience.

So what I see in the Amazon is traces of a lost science, a scientific mindset.

Can I show some pictures of these neoglyphs?

Please, please.

We have to hook up the magical HDMI.

And I'll just show a few slides of them.

I forget which side the HDMI is in.

I think it's in that side.

Careful with the water.

Yeah.

Got it?

OK.

Are we on screen?

We will be momentarily.

Here we go.

Yeah, so this shows the Amazon.

6.7 million square kilometers.

There's still five and a half million left covered by rainforest.

That's bigger than the entire subcontinent of India.

And hardly any archaeology has been done.

And the archaeology that is being done is fascinating.

And it's particularly in the state of Acre, in the southwest of Brazil, that we're seeing these extraordinary geoglyphs.

Now, I'm here with

I'm on the left there, that's Marti Parsonen from the University of Helsinki, and that is Fabio Filho, who's the LiDAR expert, and that's Alceu Ranzi, who's a Brazilian geographer and archaeologist.

And we're looking at the latest LiDAR discoveries.

There I'm about to take off in a plane with these two guys.

It was just incredible to fly over there.

I've flown over the Nazca lines many times, but to fly over this and to see these huge earthworks on a scale of hundreds of meters sitting there, often encroached on by farms, was very, very, very exciting.

And what's the conventional explanation for these things?

There is no conventional explanation because really it's only begun to be studied.

I'll say you first noticed them on an overflight more than 20 years ago, but it's only relatively recently that they've started to get the funding.

And I want to pay tribute to Eugene Chong.

who is a philanthropist, who has provided funding for these guys to continue their work, and who's also provided funding to the Comet Research Group, and who's also provided funding for the DMT research that's being done at UCSD.

What's his name?

Eugene Jong.

He's a brilliant, brilliant guy.

Eugene Jong, way to go, dude.

J-O-N-G.

He's a brilliant philanthropist, and he's so open-minded, and he's looking to support research in areas that the mainstream just won't touch.

That's amazing.

So we're looking at Fazenda Sipoal here, where we have an octagon with rounded corners.

And then this is Santa's shot of the same place.

And you can see what's going on.

You see the smoke in the background there?

That's the Amazon burning.

That's settlers clearing the Amazon to create more farms.

But in the foreground, we have this enormous geometrical event, which is a huge oval surrounding a square.

And did they find this once they started clearing?

This was found as a result of the clearances.

That's how archaeologists became aware that these things exist.

So before that, this was completely covered with trees?

Completely covered with rainforest.

It's a sort of mixed blessing or mixed curse, if you like, because the clearances made it possible for us to know that these things exist.

But the clearances ultimately will destroy the entire Amazon if they're allowed to continue.

On the left, a square surrounding a circle.

And here's a couple of scientist shots of Jakossa.

You can see there's a large square earthwork and a circle in it.

That's almost, not quite, but almost like the Greek exercise of squaring the circle.

It's like geometrical exercises are taking place here in the Amazon.

And again, a square with these curious,

scallops cut into the side of it and a circle.

There's just so much of this stuff.

To Keno, absolutely giant, giant geoglyph.

And these things really, on the old view of the Amazon, shouldn't exist.

They involve enormous expenditure of effort.

Creating these earthworks is a huge job.

If there were

If there was a lot of stone in the Amazon, I think we'd see stone circles on them as well.

There's one place further north called Rego Grande, where there is an earthwork with a stone circle in it, because stone is locally available.

Trevor Burrus So do you think this was the base of a structure?

Like, what is the speculation?

Peter Robinson No, I don't think so.

I've talked to indigenous people there who still respect and revere them.

And they say that they were for shamanic journeying, that the population would gather within them, that there would be certain areas that might be reserved for the shamans.

For example, the square on the left, those two cut out areas, top left and right of that square, it's suggested that shamans were in there and the rest of the population were in the other area.

they were undertaking visionary journeys, perhaps using ayahuasca.

Of course, the Amazonian peoples are experts in the properties of indigenous plants.

So this is their folklore, this is their story?

Yes, this is the story of indigenous people.

I talked to an Apurina elder,

And he said, we don't know exactly why these places were made.

They were made so long ago, but we respect them, we revere them, and we think that they were used by shamans in the distant past.

So they were aware of them before the clearing?

Yeah, they were aware of them before the clearing.

Did they use them?

Yes, they used them, and they still have community gatherings in them.

No, they weren't a base for structures.

I'm drawing attention here to Severino Calazans, this large square on the left there, which has

coincidentally the same footprint as the Great Pyramid of Giza.

It just shows you the size of that enormous earthwork.

But it's a mystery.

More work needs to be done and much more needs to be surveyed.

And thanks to LIDAR, that can be done non-invasively.

We can

Spot these things very small teams can go in and do a bit of excavation there and figure out what was going on I think the story is going to go back further and further into the past.

Is there any evidence of?

Wood structures like did they make buildings out of wood back then?

Not that I'm not that I'm aware of when did people start using wood as a structure I think you can I think you can trace wood back as a structure hundreds of thousands of years and

But when did they start using it in like, if you see like the ancient Mayan civilizations, what you find in the Amazon, you don't find ancient wood structures, do you?

I think that's largely an artifact of the fact that wood doesn't preserve very well.

Right.

So how do we know that there weren't wood structures over these?

There may well have been, which have just rotted away and gone.

There may well have been wooden structures there.

Because it kind of looks like foundations.

It does look like foundations, and it's just a very weird thing.

But I think the main point is- Trevor Burrus Someone made it.

Richard Dawkins Someone made it, and it involved a very large amount of organized labor in order to make it.

There had to be the will and the intent in order to do that.

It's interesting that the patterns are geometrical.

Trevor Burrus And are they geometrical, like with the perfect length?

Richard Dawkins Yes, yes.

Trevor Burrus They match up with each other?

Richard Dawkins They're very, very good.

Fazenda Piranha and Severino Calazanza both aligned to true astronomical north.

That's different from compass north.

That requires astronomy.

You can't get true north without using astronomy.

So this tells us not only was there a culture that was capable of creating large-scale public projects, but also they had astronomers amongst them.

Wow.

It's a good mystery.

The other thing is the geometrical patterns are very common experience in ayahuasca visions in altered states of consciousness.

Our culture tends to despise altered states of consciousness, although fortunately that's changing.

But in the Amazon and many indigenous cultures, they're regarded as extremely important.

that we can't confine ourselves to the everyday wide awake state of consciousness that requires us to interface with the physical world.

There are other states of consciousness which are also valuable and which bring teachings.

And it's just one of those facts that most people who drink ayahuasca, most of the time, at some point will experience geometrical visions.

So there's a question, is there a connection here between the use of ayahuasca and the geometrical patterns?

There's a huge rock wall has been found in the Colombian Amazon, Cerro de la Lindosa, which I'm hoping to get to this year.

Eight kilometers long, covered in rock paintings.

The rock paintings are dated more than 12,000 years old.

They show extinct megafauna.

They show giant sloths, which went extinct during the Younger Dryas, for example.

And they also show the kind of entities that are seen in ayahuasca visions.

They show the same sort of patterns, the same geometric patterns that are seen in ayahuasca.

So there's a sense that- Do you have any images of this place?

Cerro de la Lindosa.

You are connected to the- Yeah, I don't have images of La Lindosa on here.

Oh, maybe you could Google it.

Or give the plug back to Jamie.

Yeah, I'll give the plug back.

I was trying to Google it and I didn't find anything.

I might have spelled or guessed wrong.

How do you spell it?

La Lindosa.

La Lendosa?

Yeah.

Let me just... I got it, I got it.

You got it?

Yeah.

You're gonna have to give him the chord real quick, and then he'll give it back to you.

Okay.

There you go.

It's literally an eight kilometer Sistine Chapel in the Colombian Amazon.

That's the other thing, I mentioned there's not a lot of rock in the Amazon.

Where there is rock, they used it.

There's rock paintings all over the Amazon where rock is available.

These kind of things, yeah, that's it.

These are characteristic of ayahuasca visions, but in this case, they're more than 12,000 years old.

Now, does that prove they were using ayahuasca 12,000 years ago?

No.

But it's very similar to like a tryptamine vision.

Totally, totally.

It does suggest that some tryptamine was being accessed at that time and resulting in these visionary images.

Boy, they were shitty drawers, weren't they?

Their drawing was terrible.

But bear in mind that they're clambering a hundred feet up a sheer cliff in order to- Still guys, do a better job.

Ridiculous.

Create these paintings.

The people are so fat.

Are those people or sea turtles?

What are those things?

It's really interesting to see.

So this is 11,000, how old?

12,000 plus.

12,000 plus?

Yeah, 12,000 plus years old.

It's interesting because if you see the paintings that they found in that cave in France, those are 30 plus thousand years old, right?

Oh yeah, there's paintings in France if you go to Chauvet, you're looking 36,000 years old.

Can you go to those, James?

Hollenstein Stadel in Germany.

That's that amazing Werner Herzog documentary.

They often have... I think it was the Cave of Dreams.

Cave of Dreams, yes.

They often have... We're looking at Lascaux.

Hang on.

Yeah, we're looking at Lascaux there.

The bull painting there is interesting.

They were better artists.

I have to confess, this art is very good.

Jamie, if you go to the NPR, the painting of a bull, one step left from where you are, that one, this is very interesting.

There has been an argument made by a couple of astronomers that what is depicted there is the constellation of Taurus.

And that in itself is heresy because archaeologists who want to give everything to the Greeks say that it was the Greeks who invented the constellations of the zodiac.

Why do they think that that represents the constellation?

Because of the six little dots which are not, I think, on the head.

I think they're somewhere behind, not in this picture.

which is often how the Pleiades are seen.

Actually, there are seven Pleiades, but often, to the naked eye, you see six.

And the positioning of the Pleiades in relation to the constellation of Taurus is the basis for that argument.

It could be.

I'm not sure.

It's so long since I've looked at this, but I know that there are six dots there.

So this cave art was going on all around the world.

Some of the oldest art has been found in Indonesia.

Oh, here it is.

Yeah, there's the Pleiades, the whole argument about the Pleiades.

It's those dots, exactly, the ones you pointed to above the back of the bull.

One, two, three, four, five, six.

That is how the Pleiades are often seen with the naked eye.

Can you go back to the other image?

Wow.

It's an argument.

It's not accepted by mainstream archaeology because of their narrative, which is that the discovery of the constellations of the Zodiac is given to the Greeks or perhaps to the Mesopotamians before the Greeks.

It's not thought that any human culture could have noticed the constellations of the Zodiac before that, and that's really absurd because the constellations of the Zodiac are on the path of the sun.

The sun rises against the background of a different constellation every month.

And how would the ancients have missed that?

Especially since the skies were an ever-present phenomenon to them in a way that they are not to us.

We're cut off from the skies by light pollution, but the ancients were not.

What a fascinating concept that they knew about the constellations 30-plus thousand years ago.

Yeah, and I believe they did.

And we see that again in Gobekli Tepe in Pillar 43 in Enclosure D. You see a constellation that we recognize as Sagittarius.