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What Just Emerged At The Grand Canyon TERRIFIES Scientists!

Original YouTube Video | DUK Published on 2023-06-07 Level：94 Speed：40 maxwordlevel：16

Video vocabulary

continent

US / ˈkɒntɪnənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑntənənt /

noun
Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

destructive

US / dɪ'strʌktɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈstrʌktɪv /

adjecitve
Causing a very large amount of damage

critical

US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Making a negative judgment of something
Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
Most important part

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

erosion

US / ɪ'rəʊʒn /

•

UK / ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n /

noun
Process of wearing away by water, wind, or ice

goat

US / gəʊt /

•

UK / goʊt /

noun
Small animal with beard and horns

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

dish

US / dɪʃ /

•

UK / dɪʃ /

noun
Good-looking person of the opposite sex
Shallow container that you cook or serve food in
Food that has been prepared in a certain way

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

therefore

US / ˈðeəfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈðerfɔ:(r) /

adverb
And so; for that reason

thickness

US / ˈθɪknəs /

•

UK / ˈθɪknɪs /

noun
Distance between the opposite edges of a thing

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

conclude

US / kənˈklu:d /

•

UK / kənˈklud /

verb
To finish or cause to finish; end
To arrive at a judgment or opinion

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

although

US / ɔ:lˈðəu /

•

UK / ɔlˈðo /

conjunction
Despite the fact that; however

encounter

US / ɪn'kaʊntə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈkaʊntɚ /

noun
A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
verb
To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
To meet someone or something unexpectedly

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

giant

US / 'dʒaɪənt /

•

UK / ˈdʒaɪənt /

adjecitve
Very large, or much bigger than other things
noun
Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
Very successful, powerful person or organization

differently

US / 'dɪfrəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəntlɪ /

adverb
In another and different manner

park

US / pɑ:k /

•

UK / pɑ:rk /

noun
Person's name
Public green area in a town for exercise, relaxing
Field upon which a sport is played, e.g. baseball
verb
To stay still without moving
To leave your car, bike in a certain place

valuable

US / ˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ˈvæljuəbəl, ˈvæljə- /

adjecitve
Being useful or important
Being worth a lot of money

unexplored

US / ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔ:d /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔːrd /

adjecitve
(Of a place) not yet discovered or investigated

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

forbid

US / fəˈbɪd /

•

UK / fərˈbɪd /

verb
To order someone not to do something

indigenous

US / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

•

UK / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

adjecitve
Being naturally from an area, not somewhere else

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

material

US / məˈtɪəriəl /

•

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

adjecitve
Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
Belonging to the world of physical things
noun
Cloth; fabric
Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
Substance from which a thing is made of

migration

US / maɪˈgreɪʃn /

•

UK / maɪˈɡreʃən /

noun
Process of moving to live in another place

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

magazine

US / ˌmægəˈzi:n /

•

UK / ˈmægəzi:n /

noun
Part of a gun used for holding bullet
Building or room used for storing military weapons
Weekly/monthly publication with pictures/stories

mention

US / 'menʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɛnʃən /

noun
Act of referring to or talking about something
verb
To refer to or talk or write about something

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

researcher

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

noun
Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

spanish

US / ˈspænɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈspænɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Spain

urn

US / ɜ:n /

•

UK / ɜ:rn /

noun
Vase of varying size and shape

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wall

US / wɔ:l /

•

UK / wɔl /

noun
High, flat side of a room or building

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

dwell

US / dwel /

•

UK / dwɛl /

verb
To live in a certain place

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

john

US / dʒɔn /

•

UK / dʒɑn /

noun
A toilet.
A prostitute's client.
proper noun
(1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
The name of six kings of Portugal.

love

US / lʌv /

•

UK / lʌv /

noun
Person's name
A very strong feeling of affection
The person you care very deeply about
Strong, deep emotional and sexual attraction
verb
To care for and like someone very strongly, deeply
To like doing very much; enjoy greatly
To feel a strong emotional and romantic attraction

noticeable

US / ˈnəʊtɪsəbl /

•

UK / ˈnoʊtɪsəbl /

adjecitve
Being easy or likely to be sensed or noticed

navajo

US / ˈnævəhəu /

•

UK / ˈnævəˌho, ˈnɑvə- /

adjective
Relating to the Navajo or their language.
noun
A member of a North American people of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico.
The Athabaskan language of the Navajo.

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

rock

US / rɒk /

•

UK / rɑk /

noun
Type of popular music with a strong, loud beat
Strong, tough person who can be relied upon
Big stone; hard, solid substance forming mountains
verb
To be greatly upset by something, e.g. a death
To be extremely effective or pleasing
To play, sing along with, or dance to heavy music
To move back and forth or from side to side

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

actively

US / 'æktɪvlɪ /

•

UK / 'æktɪvlɪ /

adverb
Doing things to achieve a specific goal

advance

US / əd'vɑ:ns /

•

UK / ædˈvæns /

noun
Forward movement by an army
An attempt to seduce someone
verb
(Of an army) to move forward
To change or improve
To increase in price or value
To move forward in a certain direction
To try to seduce someone

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

equally

US / ˈi:kwəli /

•

UK / ˈiːkwəli /

adverb
In an equal, even, or identical manner

hall

US / hɔ:l /

•

UK / hɔl /

noun
Area just inside the entrance of a building
Large room/building for public events/gatherings
Large, impressive older home
Part of the name of a building

intentionally

US / ɪn'tenʃənəlɪ /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃənl:ɪ /

adverb
With a plan to do or achieve something

passage

US / 'pæsɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈpæsɪdʒ /

noun
Process of moving through time
Journey by ship from one place to another
Narrow opening which things can go through

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

university

US / ˌju:nɪ'vɜ:sətɪ /

•

UK / ˌjunɪˈvɜrsəti /

noun
High-level educational institution; college

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

embark

US / ɪmˈbɑ:k /

•

UK / ɪmˈbɑ:rk /

verb
To begin a journey; get on a ship or plane

image

US / 'ɪmɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈɪmɪdʒ /

noun
Picture, sculpture or painting of something
General idea or opinion of something
verb
To obtain pictures by scanning them with a machine

inner

US / ˈɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the inside part of something

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

relic

US / ˈrelɪk /

•

UK / ˈrɛlɪk /

noun
Valuable, ancient thing or work of art

phenomenon

US / fə'nɒmɪnən /

•

UK / fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən /

noun
Unusual event, fact that can be studied
Interesting or unusual person, group
something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesti

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

wesley

US / wə(r) /

•

UK / wə: /

accept

US / ək'sept /

•

UK / ækˈsɛpt /

verb
To agree to receive or take something offered
To admit that something is true or correct

cave

US / keɪv /

•

UK / kev /

noun
Large hole in the side of a cliff or hill
verb
To give in to pressure

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

egyptian

US / ɪ'dʒɪpʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈdʒɪpʃən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Egypt
noun
Person from Egypt

grand

US / ɡrænd /

•

UK / ɡrænd /

adjecitve
A counter for 1000 of something
Great in amount, number or size
Being highest in status or rank; impressive

erase

US / ɪˈreɪz /

•

UK / ɪˈreɪs /

verb
To remove data in computer memory, tape, etc.
To remove written information by mistake

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

whose

US / hu:z /

•

UK / huz /

pronoun
Refers to the person who owns something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

interestingly

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

•

UK / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

adverb
You'll find this surprising; in an interesting way

fragment

US / 'fræɡmənt /

•

UK / ˈfræɡmənt /

noun
Part that is broken off of something
verb
To be broken into pieces
(Of computer file) to be broken into pieces

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

onyx

US / ˈɒnɪks /

•

UK / ˈɑ:nɪks /

noun
Chalcedony with alternating black and white bands; used in making cameos

ancient

US / 'eɪnʃənt /

•

UK / ˈenʃənt /

adjecitve
Very old; having lived a very long time ago

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

jordan

US / ˈdʒɔ:dn /

•

UK / ˈdʒɔrdn /

noun
An Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea

complex

US / 'kɒmpleks /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

adjecitve
Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
noun
Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
Psychological issue regarding self-image

prepare

US / prɪˈpeə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈper /

verb
To make something ready for use

archaeologist

US / ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / ˌɑrkɪˈɑlədʒɪst /

noun
Scientist studying ancient societies

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

press

US / pres /

•

UK / prɛs /

noun
Machine using pressure to shape, flatten, squeeze
General term for TV, radio, newspapers
A machine that prints books and newspapers
verb
To make clothes smooth using a heated iron; iron
To repeatedly ask someone to do something
To print something such as a book or newspaper
To push something against something else
To squeeze the liquid out of grapes, etc.

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

shore

US / ʃɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ʃɔr, ʃor /

noun
Land along the edge of a sea, lake or river

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

evenly

US / ˈi:vnli /

•

UK / ˈivənlɪ /

adverb
Equally; with advantage to both sides
In a smooth, level or regular way
In a regular, steady, and equally paced manner

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

floor

US / flɔ:(r) /

•

UK / flɔr, flor /

noun
Large area used for a particular purpose
Part of a room on which you stand
Particular level in a building; storey
verb
To hit or push someone to the ground
To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

imprint

US / ɪm'prɪnt /

•

UK / ɪmˈprɪnt /

noun
Mark or figure impressed or printed on something

layer

US / ˈleiə /

•

UK / ˈleɚ /

noun
One of several sheets of a material or object
verb
To put things one on top of another

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

marry

US / 'mærɪ /

•

UK / ˈmæri /

verb
To become the husband or wife of someone
To perform a marriage ceremony

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

precision

US / prɪˈsɪʒn /

•

UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /

adjecitve
Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
noun
Quality of being very accurate and exact

arizona

US / ˌæriˈzəunə /

•

UK / ˌærɪˈzonə /

proper noun
A state in the southwestern US, on the border with Mexico; population 6,500,180 (est. 2008); capital

deity

US / ˈdeɪəti /

•

UK / ˈdiɪti /

noun
A god or goddess

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

glaze

US / gleɪz /

•

UK / ɡlez /

noun
Light coating of liquid that makes surface shiny
verb
To cover (food) with liquid to make it shine
(Eyes) to show no reaction; become dull, lifeless
To fit a piece of glass in the frame of a window

direct

US / də'rekt /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

adverb
Coming straight from something
verb
To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
To show the way by conducting or leading
To control the acting in a movie or play

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

secret

US / 'si:krət /

•

UK / 'si:krət /

adjecitve
That you don't want others to know; private
noun
Information you do not want others to know

spaniard

US / 'spænɪəd /

•

UK / ˈspænjəd /

noun
Person from Spain

thorough

US / ˈθʌrə /

•

UK / ˈθɚro, ˈθʌro /

adjecitve
Done completely; with great attention to detail

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

graceful

US / ˈgreɪsfl /

•

UK / ˈɡresfəl /

adjecitve
Showing beautiful movement, behavior or form

forever

US / fər'evə(r) /

•

UK / fɔrˈɛvɚ, fə- /

adverb
For all future time; in the future

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

east

US / i:st /

•

UK / i:st /

noun
Direction where the sun rises
Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

investigate

US / ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet /

verb
To try to find out facts; to carry out research

native

US / ˈneɪtɪv /

•

UK / ˈnetɪv /

adjecitve
Caused by natural ability; innate
noun
Someone from or born in a specific country
Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
Person speaking a language from birth

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

paint

US / peɪnt /

•

UK / pent /

noun
Colored liquid you apply with a brush
verb
To make a picture with colored liquids
To describe as
To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

ventilation

US / ˌventɪ'leɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌvɛntlˈeʃən /

noun
Act of supplying fresh air to get rid of bad air

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

front

US / frʌnt /

•

UK / frʌnt /

adjecitve
Opposite of back; the forward part of an object
noun
Behavior not showing a person's true feelings
Area where fighting in a war is happening
Place where air of different temperatures meets
verb
To have the forward part facing something
To lead a group of people, usually a band

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

nine

US / naɪn /

•

UK / naɪn /

number
9

vault

US / vɔ:lt /

•

UK / vɔlt /

noun
Curved structure that is part of the ceiling
Special locked room to keep things of value
verb
To jump over something, e.g. a wall, often upward

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

approximately

US / əˈprɒksɪmətli /

•

UK / əˈprɑksəmɪtlɪ /

adverb
Around; nearly; almost; about (a number)

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

cross

US / krɒs /

•

UK / krɔs, krɑs /

adjecitve
Angry and upset
From one side of something to the other
noun
(Of animals) mixture of breeds in one animal
Person's name
verb
To put one thing over another e.g. arms
To breed one type of animal or plant with another
To not to agree with someone; oppose
To go from one side of something to the other
To meet at one point

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

hide

US / haɪd /

•

UK / haɪd /

noun
The skin of an animal used for making leather
verb
To go to, or put a thing where it can't be found

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

thoroughly

US / ˈθʌrəli /

•

UK / ˈθɜ:rəli /

adverb
In a complete way, without missing any part

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

angle

US / ˈæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈæŋɡəl /

noun
Place where two lines or surfaces meet

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

fabric

US / ˈfæbrɪk /

•

UK / ˈfæbrɪk /

noun
Cloth or material
Basic structure

hieroglyph

US / ˈhaɪərəglɪf /

•

UK / ˈhaɪərəˌɡlɪf, ˈhaɪrə- /

noun
Picture symbol used in ancient Egyptian writing

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

tall

US / tɔ:l /

•

UK / tɔl /

adjecitve
High in height

yellow

US / ˈjeləʊ /

•

UK / ˈjeloʊ /

adjecitve
Color of lemons or the sun
Lacking in courage; cowardly (used as an INSULT)
verb
To turn yellow, often due to being old

belief

US / bɪˈli:f /

•

UK / bɪˈlif /

noun
Being sure that something exists or is true
Trust in an idea or set of ideas
A particular opinion about something

belong

US / bɪ'lɒŋ /

•

UK / bɪˈlɔŋ /

verb
To be a welcomed as a new member of a group
To own something
To be in the right place or situation

buddhist

US / 'bʊdɪst /

•

UK / 'bʊdɪst /

noun
Someone who follows the teachings of Buddha

historical

US / /

•

UK / /

adjecitve
Connected with the past

gate

US / ɡeɪt /

•

UK / ɡet /

noun
Place in a fence which can be opened or closed

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

textbook

US / ˈtekstbʊk /

•

UK / ˈtɛkstˌbʊk /

noun
A book that is used to study

statue

US / ˈstætʃu: /

•

UK / ˈstætʃu /

noun
Stone or metal image of a person, often carved

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

flower

US / ˈflaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflaʊɚ /

noun
Plant with a pretty head, e.g. a rose
verb
(Of flowers) to emerge into full shape; to bloom
To develop successfully or fully

inhabitant

US / ɪnˈhæbɪtənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈhæbɪtənt /

noun
Someone living in an area or place

portray

US / pɔ:ˈtreɪ /

•

UK / pɔ:rˈtreɪ /

verb
To play a character in theater or on film
To represent something for artistic purposes

entrance

US / ˈentrəns /

•

UK / ˈentrəns /

noun
A place where you enter a house or other building
Act of joining a party in a showy manner
The right to enter a place

colonist

US / ˈkɒlənɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:lənɪst /

noun
Someone who establishes or lives in a colony

represent

US / ˌreprɪ'zent /

•

UK / ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt /

verb
To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
To show or describe something in a particular way
To act on behalf of others in government
To act or speak for another person or other people

round

US / raʊnd /

•

UK / raʊnd /

adjecitve
Being in the shape of a circle or ball
Consisting of curved and not straight lines
Somewhat fat or curved in physical appearance
Being a whole number, not a fraction, decimal
adverb
From beginning to end (e.g. of the year)
noun
One of the three-minute periods in boxing
Drinks bought by one person for a group
Series regular visits, routes, or stops at places
Single shot or bullet fired from a gun
An object with a circular shape
One stage in a series of games, e.g. football
One's turn in a game such as cards
preposition
Going around
verb
To cause or make a circular or curved shape
To go or pass around the bend or corner
To change from a fraction to nearest whole number

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

fifth

US / fɪfθ /

•

UK / fɪfθ /

noun
5th

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

gateway

US / ˈgeɪtweɪ /

•

UK / ˈɡetˌwe /

noun
Entrance that can be closed by a gate

landscape

US / 'lændskeɪp /

•

UK / ˈlændˌskep /

noun
Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
Picture of natural scenery in a place
View of a (beautiful) country area or scene
verb
To make gardens that improve an area of land

concrete

US / 'kɒŋkri:t /

•

UK / kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ- /

adjecitve
Concerning something that is physical or real
noun
Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
verb
To cover or make with a hard grey building material

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

record

US / 'rekɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈrekərd /

noun
Highest or most extreme level achieved
Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
History of a person's past actions or achievements
verb
To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
To write down or say what happened
To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

skeleton

US / ˈskelɪtn /

•

UK / ˈskɛlɪtn /

adjecitve
Outline of the basic of main part of something
noun
Structure of bones that supports the body
Frame that provides support for e.g. a building
Extremely bony or thin person or animal

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

pottery

US / 'pɒtərɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑtəri /

noun
Factory where pots/bowls are made from clay
Pots/bowls made from clay and baked in an oven
Making pots, bowls, and other objects from clay

powell

US / ˈru:ftɒp /

•

UK / ˈru:ftɑ:p /

civilization

US / ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən /

noun
A highly developed society

clay

US / kleɪ /

•

UK / kle /

noun
Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
Person's name

copper

US / 'kɒpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɑpɚ /

noun
Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires

mysterious

US / mɪˈstɪəriəs /

•

UK / mɪˈstɪriəs /

adjecitve
Unusual; hard to understand or work out

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

obsess

US / əbˈses /

•

UK / əbˈsɛs, ɑb- /

verb
To talk or think about someone, something too much
To be the only thing that someone thinks about

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

demonstrate

US / 'demənstreɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛmənˌstret /

verb
To display a feeling or ability openly
To protest about something often as a group
To prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence
To show how something works (e.g. product)

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

crypt

US / krɪpt /

•

UK / krɪpt /

noun
Room underneath a church used as a burial place

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

generally

US / /

•

UK / /

adverb
Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

stone

US / stəʊn /

•

UK / stoʊn /

noun
Hard, solid piece of rock
verb
To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

plain

US / pleɪn /

•

UK / plen /

adjecitve
Obvious; clearly so, true
Very simple, ordinary; not decorated; not striped
noun
Wide open area of flat, dry land

underground

US / ˈʌndəgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈʌndərgraʊnd /

adjecitve
(Being or living) under the surface of the earth
noun
Secret group organized to overthrow a government
Subway system, e.g. in London

amaze

US / ə'meɪz /

•

UK / əˈmez /

verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

internet

US / ˈɪn.tə.net /

•

UK / ˋɪntɚ͵nɛt /

noun
Worldwide computer network system

inception

US / ɪnˈsepʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Beginning or start of (institution or business)

scatter

US / 'skætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈskætɚ /

other
To place or leave things in various places
verb
To throw or move into various different directions

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

span

US / spæn /

•

UK / spæn /

noun
Distance between two supports of a bridge
Period of time that something continues for
other
Periods of time that something continues for
verb
To go across a certain distance between things
To cover or extend over a time period

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

style

US / staɪl /

•

UK / staɪl /

noun
The (tasteful) way something is designed or done
verb
To shape or design something in a certain way

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

engrave

US / ɪnˈgreɪv /

•

UK / ɛnˈɡrev /

verb
To cut an image or message into stone, metal

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

locate

US / ləʊ'keɪt /

•

UK / ˈloˌket,loˈket /

verb
To find exactly where something is positioned
To put something in a new place

must

US / məst /

•

UK / mʌst /

noun
Something that is necessary or required
other
(Used to state that something ought to be true)
Used to say something is required or necessary

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

suppose

US / sə'pəʊz /

•

UK / səˈpoʊz /

conjunction
What if
verb
To imagine or guess what might happen

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

boat

US / bəʊt /

•

UK / bot /

noun
Small form of transport for traveling on water
verb
To travel on a lake or river

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eye

US / aɪ /

•

UK / aɪ /

noun
The part of the body that you see with
The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
Hole at the end of a needle
verb
To watch or study something closely

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

storey

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

yucatan

US / ˈjukəˌtæn /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A state of southeastern Mexico, at the northern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula; capital, Mérida.

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

amazingly

US / ə'meɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In a surprising and pleasing manner

analysis

US / əˈnæləsɪs /

•

UK / əˈnælɪsɪs /

noun
Careful study to better understand something

distort

US / dɪ'stɔ:t /

•

UK / dɪˈstɔrt /

verb
To change the shape, appearance, or sound
To exaggerate the truth or fact, e.g. to deceive

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

unevenly

US / ʌn'i:vnlɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈivənlɪ /

adverb
In an unfair way; not equally
In a way that is unequal or different
With an irregular pattern

backward

US / ˈbækwəd /

•

UK / ˈbækwəd /

adjecitve
Less developed than others, as in technology
adverb
Toward the rear, what is behind or past
Towards a previous time
Towards a worse condition or a loss of progress
Opposite to the normal or accepted way
Toward what is behind you

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

everywhere

US / ˈevriweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈevriwer /

adverb
Every place

master

US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

adjecitve
Being very skilled at doing something
Being the main or most important thing or part
noun
Someone who is very skilled at doing something
Holding a higher degree from a university
Male teacher
Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
verb
To gain control over something
To learn to do something very well

disappear

US / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌdɪsəˈpɪr /

verb
To no longer see because it's not there any more

ladder

US / 'lædə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlædɚ /

noun
Series of levels to go up in society or business
Device with a series of steps used for climbing

naked

US / ˈneɪkɪd /

•

UK / ˈnekɪd /

adjecitve
Not wearing any clothes; without covering

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

pique

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Sudden irritation or anger, as at being slighted

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

asia

US / ˈeɪʒə /

•

UK / ˈeɪʒə /

noun
Largest continent with Europe on the west to form Eurasia
other
Nations of the Asian continent collectively

depth

US / depθ /

•

UK / dɛpθ /

noun
Distance below a surface

exceed

US / ɪk'si:d /

•

UK / ɪkˈsid /

verb
To be greater in number, degree than something
To go above or beyond a limit or rule

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

intrigue

US / ɪnˈtri:g /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌtriɡ, ɪnˈtriɡ /

noun
Secret plan; the act of making a secret plan
verb
To make someone interested or curious

keen

US / ki:n /

•

UK / kin /

adjecitve
Being eager or excited for something to happen
Liking something; wanting to do or have; desiring
Having highly developed senses (e.g. smell, taste)
Being clever or smart
verb
To make a loud sad cry, as because someone died

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

concave

US / 'kɒn'keɪv /

•

UK / kɑnˈkev, ˈkɑnˌkev /

adjecitve
Hollow; curved inward

spell

US / spel /

•

UK / spɛl /

noun
Making some magic happen; form of words to do this
Period of time; time when an action is being done
verb
To lead to future trouble
To be able to write (or say) the letters of a word

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

align

US / əˈlaɪn /

•

UK / əˈlaɪn /

verb
To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

chamber

US / 'tʃeɪmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃembɚ /

noun
Enclosed space that contains something
Large room that is used for official meetings

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

existence

US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /

noun
State of being present, alive or real

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

inspire

US / ɪn'spaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈspaɪr /

verb
To give someone an idea to do or make something
To make someone feel a certain emotion

method

US / 'meθəd /

•

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

noun
(Organized and planned) way of doing something

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

pry

US / praɪ /

•

UK / praɪ /

verb
To try to find out about others' private business
To move, raise, or open by levering something

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

officially

US / əˈfɪʃəli /

•

UK / əˈfɪʃəlɪ /

adverb
According to what is stated by an authority figure

square

US / skweə(r) /

•

UK / skwɛr /

adjecitve
Being fair or honest
Multiply a number by itself e.g. 2x2 or 6x6
noun
Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
The result of multiplying Length by the width
Open public area in the middle of the town
verb
To make something balance or be equal
To multiply a number by itself, e.g. 2x2 or 6x8
To straighten the edge to form a four-sided shape

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

resemble

US / rɪˈzembl /

•

UK / rɪˈzɛmbəl /

verb
To be similar to in looks or manner

valley

US / 'vælɪ /

•

UK / ˈvæli /

noun
Area between mountains with river running through

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

bark

US / bɑ:k /

•

UK / bɑ:rk /

noun
Sound made by a dog
Tough outer covering of a tree or other plant
verb
To make the loud sound of a dog (when angry)
To rub off the outer covering of something; scrape
To make a short and loud noise, e.g. giving orders

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

genuine

US / ˈdʒenjuɪn /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnjuɪn /

adjecitve
Being real, actual, and not false or artificial
Being sincere in your actions or character

logically

US / 'lɒdʒɪklɪ /

•

UK / ˈlɑdʒɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In a reasonable and practical manner

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

landslide

US / ˈlændslaɪd /

•

UK / ˈlændˌslaɪd /

noun
Slide of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff
A very big win (in an election)

occupy

US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /

verb
To enter and take control of land/property
To fill a time, a space, or an area
To live in a particular building
To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy

scientific

US / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

•

UK / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning academic study of the physical world

surround

US / səˈraʊnd /

•

UK / səˈraʊnd /

other
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
verb
To be all the way around something
To be closely connected to and have an effect on
To move closer on all sides of something

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

artefact

US / ˈɑ:tɪfækt /

•

UK / ˈɑrtəˌfækt /

noun
Man-made object, usually of historic importance

age

US / eɪdʒ /

•

UK / edʒ /

verb
To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
To get older
noun
Period of time in history
Number of years a person or thing has lived

condor

US / 'kɒndɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌdɔr,-dɚ /

noun
Type of large black and bold headed vulture

republish

US / riːˈpʌblɪʃ /

•

UK / riˈpʌblɪʃ /

verb
To publish for a second time

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

width

US / wɪdθ /

•

UK / wɪdθ, wɪθ, wɪtθ /

noun
Distance from one side of something to the other
Piece of cloth that has been measured and cut

astonish

US / ə'stɒnɪʃ /

•

UK / əˈstɑnɪʃ /

verb
To cause someone to feel great wonder or surprise

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

shock

US / ʃɒk /

•

UK / ʃɑ:k /

noun
The passage of an electricity through the body
Sudden bad feeling caused by something unexpected
verb
To affect someone with an electrical current
To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

somehow

US / ˈsʌmhaʊ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhaʊ /

adverb
In a way that is not known or certain

beautiful

US / 'bju:tɪfl /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

adjecitve
Having dome something well
Being very attractive or appealing physically

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

citadel

US / ˈsɪtədəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪtədəl, -ˌdɛl /

noun
Strongly fortified fortress or castle

explorer

US / ɪkˈsplɔ:rə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor- /

noun
Person who travels to places to discover more them

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

descend

US / dɪˈsend /

•

UK / dɪˈsɛnd /

verb
To go down; to move from a higher to a lower place

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

terrain

US / təˈreɪn /

•

UK / təˈren /

noun
Characteristics (e.g. rough) of a piece of land

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

contain

US / kənˈteɪn /

•

UK / kənˈten /

verb
To keep something from spreading
To hold something inside something else

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

underwater

US / ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

adjecitve
(Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water

appear

US / ə'pɪə(r) /

•

UK / əˈpɪr /

verb
To be seen, become visible; come into sight
To seem to be
To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

describe

US / dɪ'skraɪb /

•

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

verb
To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

geological

US / ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / dʒɪəˈlɑdʒɪkl: /

adjecitve
Concerning studies of the Earth's rocks and soil

itself

US / ɪtˈself /

•

UK / ɪtˈsɛlf /

pronoun
Referring to it

inconsistency

US / ˌɪnkən'sɪstənsɪ /

•

UK / ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi /

noun
State of being inconsistent

indeed

US / ɪnˈdi:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈdid /

adverb
Actually; in fact; in reality

lay

US / leɪ /

•

UK / le /

adjecitve
Amateur; not being a trained priest
verb
To place a bet on a game outcome
(Of a bird, etc.) to produce eggs from its body
To put or set something down in a flat position
To set out things on (table) to prepare for a meal

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

primitive

US / ˈprɪmətɪv /

•

UK / ˈprɪmɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Lacking a written language and advanced technology
Being rough and underdeveloped
Being at an early or simple stage of development
noun
Self-taught artist; the art done in this style
Offensive people considered lacking a culture

pristine

US / ˈprɪsti:n /

•

UK / prɪˈstiːn /

adjecitve
Being in a natural and undamaged state

relate

US / rɪ'leɪt /

•

UK / rɪˈlet /

verb
To demonstrate a logical relationship between
To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
To tell a story, or tell about a particular event

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

earth

US / ɜ:θ /

•

UK / ɚθ /

noun
Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
The planet we live on
Soil in which we grow plants

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

reconsider

US / ˌri:kənˈsɪdə(r) /

•

UK / ˌrikənˈsɪdɚ /

verb
To think whether to change an earlier decision

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

unprepared

US / ˌʌnprɪˈpeəd /

•

UK / ˌʌnprɪˈpɛrd /

adjecitve
Without preparation; not prepared for

meticulously

US / mə'tɪkjələslɪ /

•

UK / mə'tɪkjələslɪ /

adverb
In a very careful, correct way

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

soil

US / sɔɪl /

•

UK / sɔɪl /

noun
Conditions in which something develops
Mix of natural material in which plants grow
Land of a certain country
verb
To get or become dirty

traverse

US / trəˈvɜ:s /

•

UK / trəˈvɜ:rs /

verb
To pass across, over, or through

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

door

US / dɔ:(r) /

•

UK / dɔr,dor /

noun
You walk through this when you go in a room

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

religion

US / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

•

UK / rɪˈlɪdʒən /

noun
Organized set of beliefs about a god or gods
Belief in God or gods that governs people's lives

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

archaeological

US / ˌɑ:kɪə'lɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌɑ:kɪr'lɒdʒɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning the study of ancient societies

branch

US / brɑ:ntʃ /

•

UK / bræntʃ /

noun
Part of a family related to the same members
Part of organization with a specific function
Part of a tree growing outward from the trunk
One of several streams combining to create a river
Local office or store of a bank or large company
(Often secret) group or subgroup of a religion
Specific area of knowledge or study
verb
To separate away from the main part

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

climb

US / klaɪm /

•

UK / klaɪm /

noun
A trip up something, e.g. a mountain
Increase or a rise toward a higher price or point
verb
To rise gradually and steadily to a higher point
To increase or rise toward a higher price or point

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

crumble

US / ˈkrʌmbl /

•

UK / ˈkrʌmbəl /

verb
To break into small parts or crumbs

incredible

US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

adjecitve
Very good; amazing
Really good; amazing; great
Very hard to believe

california

US / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:njə, -'fɔ:ni:ə /

•

UK / ˌkælɪ'fɔ:rnjəˌ -'fɔ:rni:ə /

noun
A state in the western United States on the Pacific; the rd largest state; known for earthquakes

colorado

US / ˌkɒlə'rɑ:dəʊ /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:lə'rædoʊˌ -'rɑ:doʊ /

proper noun
A river that rises in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado and flows southwest for 1,468 miles (
A state in the central US; population 4,939,456 (est. 2008); capital, Denver. Colorado extends from
A river that flows east for 900 miles (1,450 km) across Texas, from the Llano Estacado to the Gulf o

havasupai

US / /

•

UK / /

other
A member of a North American Indian people of Cataract Canyon in Arizona
The Yuman language spoken by the Havasupai

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

preliminary

US / prɪˈlɪmɪnəri /

•

UK / prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri /

adjecitve
Happening or necessary before a thing happens
noun
Action preparing for the main event

breakdown

US / 'breɪkdaʊn /

•

UK / ˈbrekˌdaʊn /

noun
When normal activity or behavior stops

canal

US / kəˈnæl /

•

UK / kəˈnæl /

noun
Channel cut through land for boats or ships

gazette

US / ɡəˈzet /

•

UK / ɡəˈzet /

noun
Official journal or newspaper; title of papers

determine

US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

verb
To control exactly how something will be or act
To establish the facts about; discover

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

lotus

US / 'ləʊtəs /

•

UK / ˈlotəs /

other
Any aquatic plant of the water lily family

dine

US / daɪn /

•

UK / daɪn /

verb
To eat

hush

US / hʌʃ /

•

UK / hʌʃ /

verb
To make or become calm, quiet after being upset

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

warrior

US / 'wɒrɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔriɚ,ˈwɑr- /

noun
Courageous or skilled fighter in a battle or war

eighty

US / 'eɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈeti /

number
80

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

occur

US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

•

UK / əˈkɚ /

verb
To come to pass or to happen

steel

US / sti:l /

•

UK / stil /

adjecitve
Made of, or partly made of, a strong silvery metal
noun
Very strong or determined character in a person
Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
verb
To prepare yourself for something difficult

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

treasure

US / 'treʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɛʒɚ /

noun
Valuable things collected, and often hidden
Someone or something that is worth a lot
verb
To value something you keep very much
To take great care of because you love/value it

tribe

US / traɪb /

•

UK / traɪb /

noun
Racial group united by language, religion, customs

mankind

US / mænˈkaɪnd /

•

UK / ˈmænˌkaɪnd /

noun
All humans thought of as one group; humanity

mystery

US / ˈmɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪstəri /

noun
Quality of being strange and not understood
Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
Something that is not known

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

object

US / 'ɒbdʒɪkt /

•

UK / ˈɑbdʒɪkt /

noun
Something you can see or touch, but is not alive
Goal or purpose of a particular plan or activity
The thing that the action of a verb acts upon
verb
To disagree; to protest against an idea or plan

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

stumble

US / 'stʌmbl /

•

UK / ˈstʌmbəl /

noun
Failing to do something well, e.g. giving a speech
Act of tripping and almost falling
verb
To fail to perform, e.g. when giving a speech
To trip and almost fall

title

US / 'taɪtl /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

noun
Book produced by a publisher
Name given to something to identify or describe it
Name showing profession, marriage or social status
(Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
verb
To give a name to identify or describe something

wrap

US / ræp /

•

UK / ræp /

noun
Piece of clothing worn loosely on the shoulders
Thin bread filled with food and rolled
verb
To be or move around something
To cover something with paper or a cloth e.g. gift

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

design

US / dɪˈzaɪn /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

noun
The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
verb
To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
To think of a plan

destruction

US / dɪ'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair

expedition

US / ˌekspəˈdɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɛkspɪˈdɪʃən /

noun
Long journey, often to a dangerous or new place
Short trip to a specific place, e.g. for shopping

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

reflect

US / rɪ'flekt /

•

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

verb
To indicate or be a sign of something
To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
To think of something seriously and carefully

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

anthropologist

US / ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst /

•

UK / ˌænθrəˈpɑ:lədʒɪst /

noun
Person who studies human origins and development

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

ceramic

US / sə'ræmɪk /

•

UK / səˈræmɪk /

adjecitve
Made from clay and hardened in a very hot oven
noun
Item made from clay and hardened in a hot oven

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

kathy

US / 'bæŋkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbæŋkɚ /

mineral

US / 'mɪnərəl /

•

UK / ˈmɪnərəl /

noun
Substance naturally formed in the ground

naturally

US / ˈnætʃrəli /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəli, ˈnætʃrə- /

adverb
In the expected or usual way
Without the aid of someone or something

tunnel

US / 'tʌnl /

•

UK / ˈtʌnəl /

adjecitve
As if looking in a long hole
noun
Passage under the ground, often for cars or trains
verb
To dig a hole from one side to another

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

carve

US / kɑ:v /

•

UK / kɑ:rv /

verb
To cut a piece of cooked meat into thin slices
To make a cut in, e.g. to write your name on tree
To cut wood, etc., into a particular shape

coherent

US / kəʊ'hɪərənt /

•

UK / koˈhɪrənt, -ˈhɛr- /

adjecitve
(Of language, ideas) logical and well-organized

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

gradually

US / ˈgrædʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈɡrædʒʊəlɪ /

adverb
Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time

institution

US / ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju- /

noun
Organization created for a particular aim/purpose
Tradition, custom or system accepted by a group

mountain

US / 'maʊntən /

•

UK / ˈmaʊntən /

noun
Very high piece of land, higher than a hill

skilled

US / skɪld /

•

UK / skɪld /

adjecitve
Having or showing or requiring special skill

strata

US / ˈstrɑ:tə /

•

UK / ˈstretə, ˈstrætə /

noun
Layers of rock formed on top of each other

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

thirteen

US / ˌθɜ:'ti:n /

•

UK / θə:ˈtin /

number
13

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

accessible

US / əkˈsesəbl /

•

UK / ækˈsɛsəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be entered, reached or used

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

april

US / ˈeɪprəl /

•

UK / ˈeɪprəl /

noun
4th month of the year
Person's name

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

journey

US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

noun
Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
verb
To travel through a place

professor

US / prəˈfesə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

noun
Teacher who teaches at a college or university

sedimentary

US / ˌsedɪˈmentri /

•

UK / ˌsɛdəˈmɛntəri, -ˈmɛntri /

adjecitve
(Rock) developed by material settling on it

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

strange

US / streɪndʒ /

•

UK / strendʒ /

adjecitve
Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

cup

US / kʌp /

•

UK / kʌp /

noun
Small round container used for drinking
Silver trophy teams compete to win
Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
verb
To make the shape of a bowl with your hands

initial

US / ɪ'nɪʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Existing or occurring at the beginning
noun
First letter of your given name
verb
To authorize something by writing your initials

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

result

US / rɪ'zʌlt /

•

UK / rɪˈzʌlt /

noun
Something produced through tests or experiments
Final score of a competition, election or game
verb
To be the outcome of other causes and effects

semblance

US / ˈsembləns /

•

UK / ˈsɛmbləns /

noun
Outward appearance

sensational

US / senˈseɪʃənl /

•

UK / sɛnˈseʃənəl /

adjecitve
Causing intense interest

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

theory

US / ˈθiəri /

•

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

noun
Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

attention

US / əˈtenʃn /

•

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Taking notice of someone or something
(Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

moreover

US / mɔ:rˈəʊvə(r) /

•

UK / mɔ:rˈoʊvər /

adverb
In addition to what has been said

kilometre

US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

noun
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

disappearance

US / ˌdɪsə'pɪərəns /

•

UK / ˌdɪsə'pɪərəns /

noun
Being impossible to see because it's not there now

nature

US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

noun
Person's character or particular way of behaving
Basic look, feel or function of something
Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

article

US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
Piece of writing about a particular subject
Piece of something, e.g. clothing
Section of a business contract or law

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

distant

US / 'dɪstənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪstənt /

adjecitve
Unfriendly; cold
Existing or happening far away in place or time
(Of relationships) not being closely related

extensive

US / ɪkˈstensɪv /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnsɪv /

adjecitve
Large; full or complete

granary

US / ˈgrænəri /

•

UK / ˈɡrænəri, ˈɡrenə- /

noun
Storehouse for grain

discover

US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

verb
To find something new that was not known before

mummy

US / ˈmʌmi /

•

UK / ˈmʌmi /

noun
Mother

room

US / ru:m /

•

UK / rum, rʊm /

noun
All of the people inside a particular room
Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
verb
To share a home with someone

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

spot

US / spɒt /

•

UK / spɑt /

noun
A certain place or area
A difficult time; awkward situation
Place or ranking on a list
A small amount of (substance help hard work etc.)
Mark caused by a drop of liquid, food, etc.
verb
To see someone or something by chance

acute

US / əˈkju:t /

•

UK / əˈkjut /

adjecitve
(Of an angle in math) of less than 90 degrees
Strong; very serious or severe

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

list

US / lɪst /

•

UK / lɪst /

noun
Lean of a boat to one side
Series of written names, words or numbers
verb
To lean to one side, like a boat or ship
To present for sale for a specific price
To write a series of names, words, or numbers

length

US / leŋθ /

•

UK / leŋθ /

noun
Distance from one end of a pool to the other
Measurement of distance or of time

oval

US / ˈəʊvl /

•

UK / ˈoʊvl /

adjecitve
Being egg-shaped
noun
Egg-shaped object or shape
A sports ground e.g. for cricket

main

US / meɪn /

•

UK / men /

adjecitve
Most important; most often used

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

evil

US / 'i:vl /

•

UK / ˈivəl /

adjecitve
Morally bad; causing harm to people
noun
Act considered morally bad
Value, condition, or conduct that causes suffering

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

publication

US / ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpʌblɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Process of producing a book, magazine
Written work that has been printed and issued

peninsula

US / pə'nɪnsjələ /

•

UK / pəˈnɪnsjələ, -sələ /

noun
Narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake

recently

US / ˈri:sntli /

•

UK / 'risṇtlɪ /

adverb
Just a while ago; not long ago

nexus

US / ˈneksəs /

•

UK / ˈnɛksəs /

noun
Link or connection between things or groups

plate

US / pleɪt /

•

UK / plet /

noun
Flat dish used for eating or serving food
Smooth, thin piece of metal applied in a layer
Small, flat piece of metal with information on it
verb
To put a layer of metal on something to protect it

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

allegedly

US / ə'ledʒɪdlɪ /

•

UK / ə'ledʒɪdlɪ /

adverb
According to what has been alleged

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

salt

US / sɔ:lt /

•

UK / sɔlt /

adjecitve
Being preserved or seasoned with salt
noun
Natural white crystal used to flavor food
verb
To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
To add salt to ice in order to melt it
To preserve food by adding salt

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

surname

US / ˈsɜ:neɪm /

•

UK / ˈsɜ:rneɪm /

noun
Your family name

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

western

US / ˈwestən /

•

UK / ˈwestərn /

adjecitve
Movies often about cowboys in the American West
Coming from, found in, or facing towards the west

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

indicate

US / ˈɪndɪkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈɪndɪˌket /

verb
To show something; direct attention to; point out
To represent something using a symbol or sign

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

scientist

US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

noun
Person who is trained in a science

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

equip

US / ɪ'kwɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪp /

verb
To provide with necessary materials or skills

fantastic

US / fænˈtæstɪk /

•

UK / fænˈtæstɪk /

adjecitve
Strange or unusual in design or appearance
Very large, fast or great
Hard to believe; amazing

inscription

US / ɪnˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Words that are written or cut into statue, etc.

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

bench

US / bentʃ /

•

UK / bɛntʃ /

noun
Part of the room in court where the judge sits
Long (wooden) seat 2 people often found in a park
Seating area for teams at a sports events
verb
To prevent a player from playing in a game

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

monument

US / 'mɒnjʊmənt /

•

UK / ˈmɑnjəmənt /

noun
Something built to remember an event or person

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

sword

US / sɔ:d /

•

UK / sɔrd /

noun
A long metal weapon with a sharp point and edge

slightly

US / ˈslaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈslaɪtli /

adverb
Only a little

accidentally

US / ˌæksɪ'dentəlɪ /

•

UK / ˌæksɪ'dentəlɪ /

adverb
Unexpectedly; by mistake

calculate

US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

•

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

verb
To find an answer using mathematics
To make an educated guess about something

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

eternally

US / ɪ'tɜ:nəlɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈtə:nəlɪ /

adverb
In a never-ending way

group

US / ɡru:p /

•

UK / ɡrup /

noun
Two or more musicians who play music together
Number of people or things gathered together
verb
To combine or collect objects or people together

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

writer

US / ˈraɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈraɪtɚ /

noun
Professional who writes books, articles etc.

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

debunk

US / ˌdi:ˈbʌŋk /

•

UK / diˈbʌŋk /

verb
To expose and ridicule false claims

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

explore

US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

verb
To examine something in detail to learn about it
To travel to a place to discover more about it

extraordinary

US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

•

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

adjecitve
Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

discovery

US / dɪ'skʌvərɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈskʌvəri /

noun
Learning something for the first time

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

ponder

US / ˈpɒndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑ:ndə(r) /

verb
To think about something with great care

accord

US / ə'kɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

noun
Agreement or harmony
An agreement or treaty between countries
verb
To be in harmony or agreement; consent
To give (someone) the respect due to them

art

US / ɑ:t /

•

UK / ɑrt /

noun
Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
A skill or talent you have

intermediate

US / ˌɪntəˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ˌɪntɚˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Between; in the middle; moderate
Having some knowledge but not advanced
noun
Person with some knowledge but not advanced

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

onto

US / ˈɒntə /

•

UK / ˈɑnˌtu, -tə, ˈɔn- /

preposition
Towards a certain direction/into a certain area

Subtitles section

Yeah, the Grand Canyon is one of the most majestic canyons in the world.

Its length is four hundred and forty six, its depth reaches one eight.

Width of the canyon is equally impressive, with the narrowest part being six four widest, twenty nine kilometers.

Just imagine how many secrets and amazing discoveries are hidden within its territory!

In this video, I will tell you about the most impressive of them.

Enjoy watching!

Before we begin, I suggest we learn more about this incredible place.

The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Arizona, USA.

It is home to Native Americans from the Navajo, Havasupai, Hualipai, and several other tribes.

The indigenous inhabitants of America have known about the canyon since ancient times.

Interestingly, the Grand Canyon is not just considered a beautiful national park to them, but a truly sacred place.

The Havasupai, for example, believe that this canyon is a gateway to heaven.

They hold the belief that every one of them must traverse the Grand Canyon to reach a place where they will be eternally happy with their loved ones.

In other words, heaven.

Native Americans have lived in the Grand Canyon for over three thousand years as evidenced by cave paintings in the area.

The canyon was officially discovered in fifteen forty when it was accidentally found by a group of Spanish colonists wandering in search of the seven cities of gold.

The Spaniards were amazed by the landscapes here, but they were absolutely unprepared to stay there for long.

It was only in the year of the Goat that the first scientific expedition was sent to the Goat Grand Canyon to explore the unknown terrain.

Over time, studying the territory helped understand.

how this place came to be.

Over sixty five million years ago, onyx shifts occurred here, as a result of which the plain rose and the Colorado River began to make its way, breaking down the mountain rock.

Thus, scientists logically concluded that the Grand Canyon was the result of the erosion, of rocks brought about by the flow of the Colorado.

The fact that the Grand Canyon is a creation of natural forces was not questioned until recently.

However, modern studies of the surrounding area have not only questioned this fact, but have led scientists to reconsider their theory of what happened here in ancient times and even to ponder inconsistencies in the history of mankind.

A quite recent discovery made in the year of the Great Canyon by American researchers were sixty of the oldest human footprints.

After thorough analysis, it was determined that these footprints are about twenty three thousand years old.

This discovery debunked the existing theory of when the first people appeared on the territory of America.

According to initial archaeological studies, humans reached the continent about thirteen thousand years ago.

Later, scientists found evidence of the presence of primitive people on the territory of America fifteen thousand years ago.

But this latest discovery shocked archaeologists and anthropologists as they were off by nearly ten thousand years, and the first human foot stepped on the continent's soil before the advancing glaciers closed migration paths from Asia.

Another discovery was made by scientists as a result of studying the disappearance of some layers of the canyon.

The Grand Canyon formed over two billion years.

All stages of its development are forever imprinted in its rocks.

The lead author of the University of Colorado study, Bara Peake, calls the Grand Canyon a textbook of Earth's history.

Indeed, the layers of rock sequentially reflect the geological history from its very inception.

And this is noticeable even to the naked eye.

However, in some places of the canyon, entire strata are missing, which should have spanned hundreds of millions of years.

This phenomenon was discovered about one hundred fifty years ago and called the Great Unconformity.

Modern scientists have been able to find out where the missing plates disappeared.

They managed to do this thanks to the method of thermochronology which determines how rock underwater was heated due to high pressure.

Thus, according to scientists, the Grand Canyon heated unevenly.

Its western part rose high and the eastern part was under landslides.

As a result, in one part of it, the age of the stones at the base averaged one, five billion years, while in the other, at the very top, the age did not exceed five hundred million years.

Scientists associate this with the fact that about eight hundred million years ago, there was a breakdown of the supercontinent Rodinia in the western part.

As a result of the destruction, the canyon's rocks crumbled and fell into the ocean.

Thus, the latest research methods have allowed scientists to solve the mystery of the Great Unconformity and fill in missing pieces of information about what happened during this critical period for the Grand Canyon.

Moreover, this discovery allows us to imagine how destructive the forces of nature were hundreds of millions of years ago, when there weren't even dinosaurs on Earth.

Arguably, the most sensational discovery within the territory of the Grand Canyon was made.

Back in the distant nineteen nine, the explorer John Kincaid embarked on a journey along the Colorado River.

The focus of his search was minerals.

But by chance he discovered something incredible.

While boating along the Grand Canyon, he noticed unusual spots in the sedimentary rocks.

This caught his attention, and he decided to investigate these objects.

Kincaid got out of the boat, onto the shore, and carefully climbed up the rocks.

Then he realized that he had found the entrance to a strange cave.

He was intrigued to find out what was inside.

He walked in the dark for about a hundred meters and stumbled upon a crypt, inside of which were treasures and human remains.

The explorer realized that he had just made an extraordinary discovery and decided to report his findings to the Smithsonian Institution.

His words piqued the interest of Professor Jordan and they returned to the place together to start a detailed study of the mysterious cave.

Kincaid and Jordan began to work together and discovered how fantastic the cave was.

Inside the main passage in it was about three five meters wide and went almost one five kilometers underground.

Closer to the end, it connected with some giant chamber from which a series of tunnels branched off in turn.

Along these tunnels were many rooms of different sizes.

Some were small, while others could reach an area of about one hundred square meters.

Each room had an oval shaped door and ventilation was provided by round air spaces through the walls into the passages.

The thickness of the walls was approximately one meter.

What surprised the researchers was how evenly the passages were laid out as if someone had carefully calculated the construction plan.

The ceilings of most rooms converged towards the center.

The side passages at the entrance were built at an acute angle from the main hall but gradually reached a right angle towards the back.

Thirty meters from the entrance to the cave was a huge cross hall in which a statue of a deity in the Eastern style was found sitting with crossed legs and holding lotus flowers in his hands.

The precision of the carving and attention to detail indicated the skilled hand of a master.

And the statue itself, like everything in this cave, was in almost pristine condition.

Surrounding the deity were various small images.

Some of them were beautiful, while others demonstrated distorted body forms.

Perhaps this is how ancient people portrayed the struggle of good against evil.

The hall also contained various copper tools.

This meant that the people who lived in the cave knew the lost art of tempering this metal.

Among other findings in the hall were vases and cups of copper and gold, ceramic dishes, and glazed vessels.

Kincaid also mentioned that he saw in the cave even some semblance of a granary equipped from a hard material resembling concrete.

Off to the side of it was a huge room about one hundred by one hundred fifty meters which probably served as a dining hall.

Here were also many yellow stones scattered all over the floor.

The entire system of tunnels was so extensive that by some estimates more than fifty thousand people could live in it.

Throughout the complex, many carved hieroglyphs were discovered.

Their decryption was supposed to be handled by the Smithsonian Institution.

These inscriptions resembled those already found on the rocks in this valley.

Preliminary estimates suggested that the hieroglyphs and images were related to the religion of the local inhabitants.

Surprisingly similar engraving was also found on the Yucatan Peninsula.

but nothing like it was encountered in the East.

Although many deities were similar to Buddhist ones, some scientists believe that the old canals in the Salt River Valley were built by people from these caves.

It is likely that people lived in this area for a long period of time and the tunnel system was a genuine city.

The most astonishing discovery by Kincaid and Jordan at this location was a vault containing several mummies.

Kincaid himself described this vault as follows.

The Tomor Vault in which the mummies are found is one of the largest chambers, the walls of which are inclined backward at an angle of about thirty five degrees.

One of them represents tiers of mummies, each of which occupies a separate carved shelf.

At the head of each is a small bench on which were found copper cups and fragments of broken swords.

Some mummies are covered in clay and all are wrapped in bark fabric.

The urns or cups on the lower tiers are crude while as the higher shelves are reached, the urns become more graceful in design, showing an intermediate stage of civilization.

Surprisingly, all the mummies that the two researchers managed to discover belong to men.

Therefore, they concluded that the inner part of the cave was a barracks, where warriors were prepared.

It should be assumed that the dwellings belonged to indigenous Americans.

However, the statuettes of gods and other artifacts more closely resembled creations of Egyptian and Tibetan civilization.

Could Egyptians have actually lived in these caves?

If so, how did they manage to get to the territory of the Grand Canyon?

Kincaid decided to tell the press about his sensational find, and on April fifth, an article titled, Explorations in Grand Canyon appeared on the front page of the Arizona Gazette.

The article talked about the very archaeological expedition of the Smithsonian Institution, during which an underground citadel was discovered, becoming not only the oldest archaeological monument in America, but also the most valuable find in the world.

After this publication, no further information about the exploration of the cave appeared in the media and the article was forgotten.

However, in the year of the cave, writer David Hatcher, fascinated by mysteries of the past, republished this article in Nexus magazine.

After that, information about the mysterious cave spread on the internet.

In two thousand, scientists took a keen interest in the story of finding the strange cave and contacted the Smithsonian Institution in response.

They received no coherent information and took it as a sign that the government had forbidden the details of the story to be told.

However, the researchers managed to find mentions of the archaeologist, Professor S.A.

Jordan, whose surname was spelled slightly differently.

It's likely that the Smithsonian Institution intentionally erased Concave and Jordan from their records and actively destroyed artifacts that didn't align with the generally accepted human history.

Researchers managed to find out that Concave made many more discoveries on territory that his government owned and therefore closed to general access.

One of his discoveries was Stanton's Cave, one hundred twenty meters deep, in which allegedly remains of people over two five meters tall were found.

Naturally, this was hushed up, as it was essentially direct evidence of the existence of giants.

The public only learned about ancient Native American relics and skeletons of giant California condors found there, which were about ten thousand years old.

The existence of this cave is not a myth.

It is listed as a National Historical Monument.

However, its entrance is now closed by huge steel gates.

If this cave exists, then it's quite likely that the cave found in nineteen nine also exists.

Many researchers are still obsessed with its search.

The married couple, Kathy and Jerry Wills, studied information about the mysterious tunnel system for a long time and prepared thoroughly for their expedition.

Amazingly, they actually managed to find them.

However, the main entrance was located at a great height, and it was almost impossible to get there.

The couple noticed that near the main entrance, there were rope ladders, which were probably left by other explorers.

Wills managed to find another, more accessible entrance.

Once inside, they discovered that it was impossible to enter the cave because the entrance had been meticulously closed with huge concrete slabs.

But who needed to hide the cave?

from prying eyes if there was nothing secret in there.

This, and much more, remains a mystery.

There are many inconsistencies in this story.

On the one hand, no one has ever seen the relics found by Concave.

But on the other hand, much more was said about this cave system earlier in the year.

Major John Wesley Powell and his team descended down the Colorado River and passed through the previously unexplored Grand Canyon.

There, Powell discovered a huge cave which he named Redwall.

Estimating its size, he said, if it were a theater, it could easily accommodate fifty thousand people.

And in eighteen eighty nine, during the construction of a railway along the Colorado River to California, the Brownstanton Expedition discovered a whole series of cliff dwellings and fragments of broken pottery scattered everywhere.

From this, it can be concluded that Concave was either inspired by the stories of previous explorers or indeed told the world something people were not supposed to know.

What remains surprising is that many archaeologists have found cave dwellings, but somehow research in them is not mentioned.