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Who's in, who's out in Trudeau's cabinet shuffle | About That

Original YouTube Video | CBCNews Published on 2023-07-27 Level：87 Speed：76 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

capita

US / 'keɪpətə /

•

UK / 'keɪpətə /

noun
If you express an amount per capita, you mean that amount for each person.

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

faith

US / feɪθ /

•

UK / feθ /

noun
Belief in a god or gods; religion
Belief that that something is true without proof
Person's name

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

honor

US / 'ɒnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɑnɚ /

noun
Award you get for doing well; prize, title, etc.
Chance to do something special; privilege
Respect given to someone who is admired
Good standing a person has in a community
verb
To fulfill an agreement
To give an award to someone
To respect someone or something

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

step

US / step /

•

UK / stɛp /

noun
Movement done as part of a particular dance
Distance covered by one movement of a leg; stride
One part or stage in a process
Sound made by the feet while walking; footstep
Flat horizontal piece that forms stairs
verb
To raise and moving the foot to put it down

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

medium

US / 'mi:dɪəm /

•

UK / ˈmidiəm /

noun
Method of expressing ideas or feelings
Something available in a middle size or condition
Person who claims to communicate with the dead

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

pascal

US / ˈpæskl /

•

UK / 'pæskl /

other
A programing language designed to teach programming through a top-down modular approach
A unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter

president

US / ˈprezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

noun
Person in charge of a country, or organization

prison

US / 'prɪzn /

•

UK / ˈprɪzən /

noun
Place the court puts criminals as punishment; jail

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

recruitment

US / rɪ'kru:tmənt /

•

UK / rɪˈkrutmənt /

noun
Act of enlisting people into the army

refresh

US / rɪ'freʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈfrɛʃ /

verb
To refill a person's glass with a drink
To restore strength and energy to; revive
To renew a webpage to show the latest information

mendocino

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A resort community in northwestern California, on the Pacific coast. Cape Mendocino, the most wester

mercenary

US / ˈmɜ:sənəri /

•

UK / ˈmɜ:rsəneri /

adjecitve
(Of soldiers) hired to fight for another country

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

servant

US / ˈsɜ:vənt /

•

UK / ˈsɚvənt /

noun
Person paid to clean, cook, etc. in another's home

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

blanc

US / b'lɑ:ŋk /

•

UK / b'lɑ:ŋk /

noun
White sauce of fat, broth, and vegetables

bill

US / bɪl /

•

UK / bɪl /

noun
Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
Sign or poster advertising something
Paper money; a bank note
Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
Person's name
verb
To request payment by handing over an invoice

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

groom

US / gru:m /

•

UK / ɡrum, ɡrʊm /

noun
Man employed to brush, trim and clean horses
Man who is, or who has recently married
verb
To make neat and smart in appearance
To take care of an animal by brushing, cleaning it
To seduce someone over time
To train someone and make them ready for a task

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

conservative

US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

•

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

adjecitve
(Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
Resistant to change
noun
Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

ministerially

US / /

•

UK / /

other
In the manner of a minister or clergyman

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

toronto

US / tə'rɒntəʊ /

•

UK / tə'rɑnto /

proper noun
A city in Canada, capital of Ontario, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario; population 2,503,281 (2

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

wildfire

US / ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldˌfaɪr /

noun
Raging and rapidly spreading large fire

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

tanzania

US / ˌtænzəˈni:ə /

•

UK / ˌtænzəˈniə /

other
A republic in eastern Africa

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

rodriguez

US / rɑˈdrigɛz /

•

UK / /

ukraine

US / ju:'kreɪn /

•

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

other
A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st

closely

US / 'kləʊslɪ /

•

UK / ˈkloslɪ /

adverb
In a careful manner
Nearby; just next to

cabinet

US / ˈkæbɪnət /

•

UK / ˈkæbənɪt /

noun
Piece of furniture resembling a cupboard
Group of advisors to a leader of a government

fight

US / faɪt /

•

UK / faɪt /

noun
An argument or quarrel
Act of trying to hurt someone by hitting them
A struggle to do a difficult task
verb
To argue or quarrel with someone about something
To try to hurt someone by hitting them
To struggle to do a difficult task

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

tourism

US / ˈtʊərɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈtʊrɪzəm /

noun
Visiting to new places, e.g. abroad, for vacations

remarkable

US / rɪˈmɑ:kəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəbəl /

adjecitve
Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

beef

US / bi:f /

•

UK / bif /

noun
Red meat from cows

bennett

US / ˈbendʒəmin /

•

UK / ˈbɛndʒəmən /

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

leblanc

US / ləˈblæŋk /

•

UK / /

sticky

US / ˈstɪki /

•

UK / ˈstɪki /

adjecitve
Easy to adhere or stick to other things
(Of weather/a day) uncomfortably hot and humid

recall

US / rɪˈkɔ:l /

•

UK / rɪˈkɔl /

noun
(Company) asking for the return of faulty goods
Act of remembering events or details of the past
verb
(Company) to ask for the return of faulty goods
To remember events or details of the past

task

US / tɑ:sk /

•

UK / tæsk /

noun
Big or small piece of work someone has to do
verb
To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

tribunal

US / traɪˈbju:nl /

•

UK / traɪˈbjunəl, trɪ- /

noun
Type of court with authority over specific issues

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

marco

US / 'mɑ:sɪlaɪn /

•

UK / 'mɑ:sɪlaɪn /

mental

US / ˈmentl /

•

UK / ˈmɛntl /

adjecitve
Concerning the mind

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

podcast

US / 'pɒdkɑ:st /

•

UK / 'pɑ:dkæst /

noun
A digital recording (e.g. radio show) for download

visual

US / 'vɪʒʊəl /

•

UK / ˈvɪʒuəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to vision
noun
Pictures/images used to help audience understand

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

ambition

US / æmˈbɪʃn /

•

UK / æmˈbɪʃən /

noun
Desire to win or be successful in life, work

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

failure

US / ˈfeɪljə(r) /

•

UK / 'feɪljər /

noun
When things go wrong; lack of function
Act or result of not achieving your goals

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

omar

US / ˈəʊmɑː(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊmɑːr /

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

culture

US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

noun
Beliefs and customs of a particular group

intelligence

US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /

adjecitve
Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
noun
Collection of secret information about something
Ability to learn things or to consider situations

interestingly

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

•

UK / ˈɪntrəstɪŋli /

adverb
You'll find this surprising; in an interesting way

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

revamp

US / ˌri:'væmp /

•

UK / riˈvæmp /

verb
To repaint or redecorate in a new design scheme

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

agency

US / 'eɪdʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈedʒənsi /

noun
Business that provides some service for others

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

genocide

US / ˈdʒenəsaɪd /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd /

noun
Deliberate destruction of a group of people

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

seize

US / si:z /

•

UK / siz /

verb
To take a place with force, as by military action
To arrest or catch someone
To take someone's property with legal authority
To take hold of something suddenly and violently

reporter

US / rɪˈpɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrtɚ, -ˈpor- /

noun
Someone whose job is to report news

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

ananda

US / əˈnændə /

•

UK / ˈənəndə /

noun

along

US / əˈlɒŋ /

•

UK / əˈlɔ:ŋ /

adverb
As a companion; taken with someone
preposition
At a point on a line

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

midst

US / mɪdst /

•

UK / mɪdst, mɪtst /

noun
Middle area or part of something

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

pierre

US / pɪə /

•

UK / pɪr /

other
Capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river

national

US / 'næʃnəl /

•

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning a nation as a whole
noun
A person of a particular country

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

trudeau

US / truˈdoʊ /

•

UK / /

brand

US / brænd /

•

UK / brænd /

noun
A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
Product made or designed by a named company
verb
To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
To give a famous name to a product or service

finance

US / ˈfaɪnæns /

•

UK / fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns /

adjecitve
Concerned with money
noun
Control of money a person, business has access to
verb
To support someone or something financially

immigration

US / ˌɪmɪˈgreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn /

noun
Process of moving your home to a new country

join

US / dʒɔɪn /

•

UK / dʒɔɪn /

verb
To bring something close to another, to become one
To become a member of
To participate in an activity with others

legislation

US / ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən /

noun
Act or process of writing and passing laws

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

murray

US / ˈmʌri, ˈmə:- /

•

UK / ˈmɚri /

other
A southeast Australian river; flows westward and then south into the Indian Ocean at Adelaide
Scottish philologist and the lexicographer who shaped the Oxford English Dictionary

speculation

US / ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌspɛkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Taking risks that might lead to big profits
Prediction or guess about future events/outcomes

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

seat

US / si:t /

•

UK / sit /

noun
Place where a government or organization is based
A chair or place to sit
Official position in an organization
Part of a chair on which a person sits
verb
To have seats available for a number of people
To give someone a place to sit down

conflict

US / 'kɒnflɪkt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌflɪkt /

noun
Argument or struggle between two or more parties
verb
To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

affordable

US / ə'fɔ:dəbl /

•

UK / əˈfɔrdəbəl, əˈfor- /

adjecitve
Cheap enough that it can be paid for

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

ministry

US / ˈmɪnɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstri /

noun
Body of religious workers and leaders
Government department, such as Education

pablo

US / ˈpɑːbləʊ /

•

UK / ˈpɑbloʊ /

scrutiny

US / 'skru:tənɪ /

•

UK / ˈskrutni /

noun
Careful examination, as to see rules are followed

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

defense

US / dɪ'fens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
Argument in support of something
The process of protecting something from attack
Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

nato

US / ˈneɪtəʊ /

•

UK / ˈneɪtoʊ /

abbreviation
NATO is an acronym

premier

US / 'premɪə(r) /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪr,-ˈmjɪr,ˈprimɪr /

adjecitve
Being the most influential, important, or best
noun
Prime minister of a country
verb
To show/be shown for the first time (of film, etc.)

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

string

US / strɪŋ /

•

UK / strɪŋ /

noun
A line of connected objects
Thick thread; thin rope
verb
To tie or connect things together with a thread

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

categorical

US / ˌkætəˈgɒrɪkl /

•

UK / ˌkætəˈgɔ:rɪkl /

adjecitve
Being very clear and firm in manner

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

drop

US / drɒp /

•

UK / drɑp /

noun
Distance between a higher and a lower level
Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
verb
To drive someone to a place and then drive away
To let something fall from your hand
To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

killer

US / ˈkɪlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɪlɚ /

adjecitve
Being appealing or funny
noun
Something that is a challenge to deal with
Person, thing or animal that kills

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

remove

US / rɪˈmu:v /

•

UK / rɪˈmuv /

verb
To get rid of something completely
To make someone leave his or her job or position
To move, erase or take away from a place
To take something off (e.g. clothing)

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

condemn

US / kənˈdem /

•

UK / kənˈdɛm /

verb
To say that (a building) is too unsafe to be used
To state strongly that person, thing is bad, wrong

desk

US / desk /

•

UK / dɛsk /

noun
Piece of furniture like a table often with drawers

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

communication

US / kəˌmju:nɪ'keɪʃn /

•

UK / kəˌmjunɪˈkeʃən /

noun
Talking to people; giving information to people

attorney

US / ə'tɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / əˈtɚni /

noun
Person giving legal advice; a lawyer

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

deputy

US / ˈdepjuti /

•

UK / ˈdɛpjəti /

noun
Assistant to a leader who acts on his, her behalf

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

promotion

US / prə'məʊʃn /

•

UK / prəˈmoʃən /

noun
Act of advertising a product to people
Movement to a higher position or rank in a company

shuffle

US / 'ʃʌfl /

•

UK / ˈʃʌfəl /

verb
To change the order of items/people in a group

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

absorb

US / əb'sɔ:b /

•

UK / əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb /

verb
To take up all attention / energy of something
To take in a liquid; soak up

citizenship

US / ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp /

noun
Status of a citizen who has rights and duties

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

police

US / pəˈli:s /

•

UK / pəˈlis /

adjecitve
Concerning the police and its business
noun
People, often in uniforms, who solve crimes
verb
To control an area, or group with a police force

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

yesterday

US / ˈjestədeɪ /

•

UK / ˈjestərdeɪ /

adverb
Day before today
noun
Day before today

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

believe

US / bɪ'li:v /

•

UK / bɪˈliv /

verb
To think or accept that something is true
To have a particular opinion about something

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

lobby

US / ˈlɒbi /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:bi /

noun
Main entrance and waiting room of public building
Group employed to persuade people to change laws
verb
To try to persuade a government to change laws

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

miss

US / mɪs /

•

UK / mɪs /

noun
Action of not hitting something or someone
Form of address to unmarried girl or woman
verb
To be absent
To fail to hit something e.g. a ball
To do without something
To fail to see or sense something
To fail to understand someone's message
To be too late to ride on something e.g. train
To feel you want to see someone who is not there

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

coast

US / kəʊst /

•

UK / kost /

noun
Land near the sea or ocean
verb
To progress in something without trying hard
(Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

careful

US / ˈkeəfl /

•

UK / ˈkerfl /

adjecitve
Trying not to make mistakes; working slowly

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

prior

US / 'praɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraɪɚ /

adjecitve
Existing or coming earlier in time
(Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
noun
Monk or priest in charge of a monastery

transfer

US / træns'fɜ:(r) /

•

UK / trænsˈfɚ /

noun
Moving to a different place, job, or school
Act of giving the right to a property to another
Picture that is pressed to copy it onto something
Use of ideas or skills in a different situation
Ticket allowing you to get on another plane, bus
verb
To move to a different place, job or school
To give someone an illness through contact
To give someone your right to a property
To move something from one place to another
To use ideas or skills in a different situation
To get off a plane, bus etc. and get on another

afoot

US / əˈfʊt /

•

UK / əˈfʊt /

adverb
Being planned, or starting to happen

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

upon

US / əˈpɔn, əpən /

•

UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /

preposition
More formal term for 'on'

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

constitutional

US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

•

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

adjecitve
Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
Regarding the basic health, character of a person

affair

US / ə'feə(r) /

•

UK / əˈfɛr /

noun
Secret sexual relationship between two people
Event or a set of events, often unpleasant ones

quebec

US / kwɪ'bek /

•

UK / kwɪ'bek /

proper noun
A heavily forested province in eastern Canada; population 7,546,131 (2006). Settled by the French in
A code word representing the letter Q, used in radio communication.

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

adviser

US / ədˈvaɪzə(r) /

•

UK / ædˈvaɪzɚ /

noun
Someone giving advice in business, law etc.

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

senior

US / 'si:nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsinjɚ /

adjecitve
Being older than another person
Concerning the needs or activities of older people
(Student) in the final year of school
noun
Person who has usually reached a specific old age
Person who is older than someone else
Person with higher status or authority than
Student who is in the final year of school

review

US / rɪˈvju: /

•

UK / rɪˈvju /

noun
Examination of soldiers and supplies
Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
Studying again to remind yourself about something
verb
To carefully look at the quality of something
To formally examine something in the military
To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
To study again to remind yourself about something

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

behind

US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

•

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

adjecitve
Concerning a later or slower time than expected
Being in a losing position in a sporting event
Being in the past; old fashioned
adverb
Remaining
noun
The part of the body that one sits on
preposition
At or toward the back of someone or something
Supporting or helping someone

biography

US / baɪˈɒgrəfi /

•

UK / baɪˈɑ:grəfi /

noun
Story of a person's life as told by someone else

headline

US / ˈhedlaɪn /

•

UK / ˈhedlaɪn /

noun
Title summarizing a news story
verb
To be the main performer at a show

foot

US / fʊt /

•

UK / fʊt /

noun
Base of something such as a mountain or vase
Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

sleeve

US / sli:v /

•

UK / sliv /

noun
Part of a garment covering the arm

count

US / kaʊnt /

•

UK / kaʊnt /

noun
Number of things added together, e.g. votes
With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
verb
To add things together to find the total number
To matter or be important
To include someone or something in a final number

dominic

US / ˈdɒmɪnɪk /

•

UK / ˈdɑːmənɪk /

other
(Roman Catholic Church) Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

focus

US / 'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˈfokəs /

noun
Main purpose or center of interest or activity
verb
To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

prime

US / praɪm /

•

UK / praɪm /

adjecitve
Concerning the highest in quality or value
Concerning the highest level of achievement
Most important, chief importance in value
verb
To get a person ready for; prepare someone
To coat with paint to prepare it for the main coat

US / twi:t /

•

UK / twit /

noun
Weak chirping sound as of a small bird
Message sent to Twitter
verb
To make a weak chirping sound as of a small bird
To write a message on Twitter

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

blood

US / blʌd /

•

UK / blʌd /

adjecitve
Related by birth; family
noun
Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
verb
To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

federal

US / 'fedərəl /

•

UK / ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl /

adjecitve
Consisting of several united states

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

crime

US / kraɪm /

•

UK / kraɪm /

noun
Act that is believed to be a mistake or foolish
Act that is against the law; murder, theft etc.

jenna

US / 'dʒeləʊ /

•

UK / 'dʒeloʊ /

mortgage

US / 'mɔ:ɡɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ /

noun
Long-term loan from a bank for buying property

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

piece

US / pi:s /

•

UK / pis /

noun
A counter in a board game
Small part of something larger
verb
To put items together to assemble something

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

fides

US / ˈfaɪdiːz /

•

UK / ˈfaɪdiːz /

other
Faiths personified as goddesses

mandate

US / 'mændeɪt /

•

UK / ˈmænˌdet /

noun
Official command or order
verb
To order that something is done

lauren

US / 'lɔ:ndrəmæt /

•

UK / 'lɔ:ndrəmæt /

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

pair

US / peə(r) /

•

UK / per /

noun
Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
verb
To put two things or people together

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

board

US / bɔ:d /

•

UK / bɔrd, bord /

noun
Surface for posting or showing information
Group of persons who direct an organization
Long piece of material used for riding the waves
Long thin piece of wood, used for building; plank
verb
To enter a ship, plane, or other vehicle
To cover with long wooden strips of wood
To pay money to live in someone's house; lodge

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

emergency

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒənsi /

noun
Sudden event needing an immediate action

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

ocean

US / 'əʊʃn /

•

UK / ˈoʃən /

noun
Large body of salt water; a large sea

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

cullen

US / ˈkʌlən /

•

UK / /

harassment

US / 'hærəsmənt /

•

UK / hə'ræsmənt /

noun
Continually bothering someone in an unfair way

difficult

US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

adjecitve
Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

gary

US / ˈgeəri:, ˈgæri: /

•

UK / ˈɡɛri, ˈɡæri /

proper noun
An industrial city in northwestern Indiana, on Lake Michigan southeast of Chicago; population 95,920

intergovernmental

US / ˌɪntəˌgʌvənˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˌgʌvərnˈmentl /

adjecitve
Being between governments; between countries

negotiate

US / nɪˈgəʊʃieɪt /

•

UK / nɪˈgoʊʃieɪt /

verb
To have a formal discussion to reach an agreement
To manage a difficult task or path successfully

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

situation

US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

noun
Place, position or area that something is in
Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
An unexpected problem or difficulty

evict

US / ɪˈvɪkt /

•

UK / ɪˈvɪkt /

verb
To force someone to leave their home/other place

infrastructure

US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

noun
Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

necessarily

US / ˌnesəˈserəli /

•

UK / ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli, -ˈsɛr- /

adverb
In a way that is needed/required/is unavoidable

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

jodie

US / ˈdʒoʊdi /

•

UK / /

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

justin

US / 'dʒʌstɪn /

•

UK / 'dʒʌstɪn /

purpose

US / 'pɜ:pəs /

•

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

noun
Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

salvage

US / 'sælvɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈsælvɪdʒ /

verb
To save damaged or discarded material
To do something to prevent a disaster

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

controversy

US / 'kɒntrəvɜ:sɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi /

noun
Strong public disagreement about something

fewest

US / ˈfjuːɪst /

•

UK / ˈfjuːɪst /

adjecitve
(Being) the smallest in number

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

purse

US / pɜ:s /

•

UK / pɚs /

noun
Small bag for carrying money and other things
verb
To make your lips into a kiss shape

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

treasury

US / ˈtreʒəri /

•

UK / ˈtrɛʒəri /

noun
Government office concerned with finance

acutely

US / əˈkju:tli /

•

UK / əˈkjuːtli /

adverb
Strongly and suddenly

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

chief

US / tʃi:f /

•

UK / tʃif /

adjecitve
The one highest in authority or importance
noun
Leader of a race or group of people
The one highest in authority or importance

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

housing

US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

noun
Homes; houses in general
Cover for a machine
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

strategy

US / 'strætədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈstrætədʒi /

noun
Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
other
Branch of military dealing with command

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

concern

US / kənˈsɜ:n /

•

UK / kənˈsɚn /

noun
Company, firm or business
Feeling of worry or anxiety
verb
To be about a particular topic
To have a direct impact on someone
To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
To feel worry or anxiety

carbon

US / 'kɑ:bən /

•

UK / ˈkɑrbən /

noun
Chemical element with an atomic number of 6

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

misstep

US / ˌmɪsˈstep /

•

UK / mɪsˈstɛp /

noun
A clumsy or badly judged step.

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

sean

US / ʃɔ:n /

•

UK / ʃɔ:n /

club

US / klʌb /

•

UK / klʌb /

noun
Group of people who share an interest, as in sport
Place where people go to listen to music and dance
Long stick used for hitting things, as in golf
verb
To be grouped with others
To hit hard with a thick and heavy stick, weapon

afford

US / ə'fɔ:d /

•

UK / əˈfɔrd, əˈford /

verb
To make available, to provide
To have enough money to pay for something

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

skill

US / skɪl /

•

UK / skɪl /

noun
Ability to do something well

thorny

US / ˈθɔ:ni /

•

UK / ˈθɔ:rni /

adjecitve
Being very complex and hard to solve

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

shoe

US / ʃu: /

•

UK / ʃu /

noun
Outer covering for the foot, often made of leather
Piece of metal nailed under a horse's foot
verb
To put a metal ring on a horse's foot

team

US / ti:m /

•

UK / tim /

noun
Group of people working on a task together
Group of people playing a sport together

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

bona

US / ˈbəʊnə /

•

UK / ˈboʊnə /

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

sort

US / sɔ:t /

•

UK / sɔrt /

noun
Group or class of similar things or people
verb
To organize things by putting them into groups
To deal with things in an organized way

temporary

US / ˈtemprəri /

•

UK / 'tempəreri /

adjecitve
Continuing for a limited time; not permanent

worried

US / ˈwʌrid /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

adjecitve
Feeling troubled or concerned
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something
To feel concerned or troubled about something

terry

US / 'terɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛri /

other
A pile fabric (usually cotton) with uncut loops on both sides; used to make bath towels and bath rob
English actress

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

reset

US / ˌri:'set /

•

UK / riˈsɛt /

verb
To return to the original start or formation

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

circulate

US / 'sɜ:kjəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɚkjəˌlet /

verb
To go round continuously
To move from one person to another, as at a party
(Of a rumor) to go round from one person to others

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

heat

US / hi:t /

•

UK / hit /

noun
State of anger, excitement, or arguing
Particular temperature at which to cook something
High temperature
One of series of races to find the finalists
Hot temperature, conditions, or weather
verb
To make hot or hotter

quell

US / kwel /

•

UK / kwɛl /

verb
To end or stop a revolt, etc., usually by force

prosecute

US / 'prɒsɪkju:t /

•

UK / ˈprɑsɪˌkjut /

verb
To try to prove someone legally guilty of a crime
To proceed with something, such as a transaction

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

wait

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

verb
To delay or not do something until later
To spend time until an expected thing happens
To remain in a place until a thing happens

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

domestic

US / dəˈmestɪk /

•

UK / dəˈmɛstɪk /

adjecitve
British informal fight between husband and wife
Concerning your own home or house
Concerning or made in your own country
noun
Someone paid to help with housework in your house

renew

US / rɪ'nju: /

•

UK / rɪˈnu, -ˈnju /

verb
To make something stronger, fresher, or like new
To replace something old or worn by something new
To make something valid again for future period
To begin again after stopping, as with more energy

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

meaningfully

US / ˈmiːnɪŋfəli /

•

UK / ˈmiːnɪŋfəli /

adverb
So someone understands what is intended

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

paul

US / pɔ:l /

•

UK / pɔ:l /

other
Paul's name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

overhaul

US / 'əʊvəhɔ:l /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈhɔl,ˈovɚˌhɔl /

verb
To repair and fix something

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

refugee

US / ˌrefjuˈdʒi: /

•

UK / ˌrɛfjʊˈdʒi /

noun
Person forced to leave their home e.g. due to war

relationship

US / rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp /

•

UK / rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp /

noun
Connection between two or more people or things
Way people interact or live with each other
Romantic or loving friendship between two people

abacus

US / ˈæbəkəs /

•

UK / ˈæbəkəs /

other
Asian frame of beads moved to make calculations

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

surprise

US / səˈpraɪz /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

adjecitve
That surprises you; not expected
noun
Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

criticism

US / ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm /

noun
Article or essay that judges quality
Negative judgment of something
Something negative that you say about something
School of thought

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

fraser

US / ˈfreɪzə /

•

UK / ˈfreɪzər /

proper noun
A river in British Columbia, Canada. It rises in the Rocky Mountains and flows in a wide curve for 8

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

host

US / həʊst /

•

UK / host /

noun
Mass; a great number
Person who entertains guests
Plant or animal on or in which parasites live
Presenter on a television or radio program
verb
To be the sponsor of an event, e.g. the Olympics
To lead or start a party, program, or other event
To lead a TV or radio show as the announcer

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

portfolio

US / pɔ:t'fəʊlɪəʊ /

•

UK / pɔrtˈfoliˌo, port- /

noun
A list of the financial assets held by someone
List of work submitted to a teacher/for approval

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

leader

US / ˈli:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈlidɚ /

noun
Person who is in charge of a group or task
Person or group who is currently winning

substantial

US / səbˈstænʃl /

•

UK / səbˈstænʃəl /

adjecitve
(Of a meal) able to satisfy your hunger; filling
Being large in degree, quantity, or size
Being strongly and firmly made or built

anxiety

US / æŋ'zaɪətɪ /

•

UK / æŋˈzaɪɪti /

noun
Fear about what might happen; worry

holland

US / 'hɒlənd /

•

UK / 'hɑlənd /

noun
A kind of smooth, durable linen fabric, used chiefly for window shades and furniture covering.
proper noun
another name for the Netherlands
A city in southwestern Michigan, noted for its Dutch heritage; population 34,076 (est. 2008).

lend

US / lend /

•

UK / lɛnd /

verb
To let someone borrow something for a while
To give help or support to someone in need

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

rapist

US / ˈreɪpɪst /

•

UK / ˈrepɪst /

noun
Person forcing someone to have sex

safety

US / ˈseɪfti /

•

UK / ˈsefti /

noun
Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
State of being free from harm or danger

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

usually

US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

•

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

adverb
Normally; regularly

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

feeling

US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

noun
Sensation or emotion you experience
verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

richie

US / ˈrɪtʃi /

•

UK / /

stunning

US / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈstʌnɪŋ /

adjecitve
Causing amazement, e.g. because so very good
verb
To greatly shock or surprise; totally amaze
To incapacitate using a special gun

sport

US / spɔ:t /

•

UK / spɔː(r)t /

noun
Something that is done for fun, e.g. football
Game or physical exercise with rules
Someone with a good attitude when things go badly
verb
To do something for fun, e.g. playing with animals
To wear, or show something off by wearing it

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

unveil

US / ˌʌnˈveɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈvel /

verb
To remove something's outer covering

valdez

US / vælˈdi:z /

•

UK / vælˈdiz /

other
A port on Alaska's southern coast from which oil is shipped to markets around the world

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

decision

US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

•

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

noun
Choice made after thinking; final judgment
Ability to make quick and confident choices

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

heritage

US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

noun
Traditional beliefs or customs of a culture

tough

US / tʌf /

•

UK / tʌf /

adjecitve
(Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
Very difficult to do or deal with
Having strict standards
Being firm and not easily bent or broken
Being strong physically or mentally
Being difficult to persuade
Capable of violence

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

plain

US / pleɪn /

•

UK / plen /

adjecitve
Obvious; clearly so, true
Very simple, ordinary; not decorated; not striped
noun
Wide open area of flat, dry land

security

US / sɪ'kjʊərətɪ /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊrɪtisə'kjurətɪ /

noun
Department in a company in charge of protection
Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
Person paid to protect property and people
Things done to protect people, buildings etc.
Condition of being safe from danger or harm

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

star

US / stɑ:(r) /

•

UK / stɑr /

noun
Very famous person, usually an entertainer
Someone who does something very well
Your horoscope
A bright planet of hot gas in the night sky
A 5-6 sided asterisk-shape
verb
To perform or play a main role in a movie, play
To do something very well
To mark with a 5-6 sided asterisk-shape

signal

US / 'sɪɡnəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /

adjecitve
Most important or most noticeable
noun
Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
verb
To be evidence/an indication something will happen
To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start

vulnerable

US / ˈvʌlnərəbl /

•

UK / ˈvʌlnərəbəl /

adjecitve
Being open to attack or damage
Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded

gun

US / ɡʌn /

•

UK / ɡʌn /

noun
Weapon which fires bullets down a tube
verb
To suddenly make an engine run faster

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

mystify

US / ˈmɪstɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪstəˌfaɪ /

verb
To cause to be in a state of confusion or mystery

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

happy

US / ˈhæpi /

•

UK / ˈhæpi /

adjecitve
Feeling pleasure or joy; glad

flip

US / flɪp /

•

UK / flɪp /

noun
Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
Movement of something from one position to another
verb
To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
To move into a different position quickly
To move a button or switch to turn on or off

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

procurement

US / prəˈkjʊəmənt /

•

UK / prəˈkjʊrmənt /

noun
Act of getting possession of something

person

US / 'pɜ:sn /

•

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

noun
Man, woman or child

mona

US / dəˈkəutə /

•

UK / dəˈkotə /

rumour

US / ˈru:mə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrumɚ /

noun
Gossip; story told by other people often not true
verb
To gossip; to tell a story about other people

stretch

US / stretʃ /

•

UK / strɛtʃ /

noun
Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
A consecutive row of things
A period of time
verb
To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
To make something bigger by pulling on it

parliament

US / ˈpɑ:ləmənt /

•

UK / ˈpɑrləmənt /

noun
Elected officials who govern a country (in the UK)
Period when the Uk government is in session

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

climate

US / ˈklaɪmət /

•

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

rent

US / rent /

•

UK / rɛnt /

verb
To give the use of something in return for payment
To cut a piece of cloth by tearing it

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

citizen

US / 'sɪtɪzn /

•

UK / ˈsɪtɪzən /

noun
Person who belongs to and has rights in a country

competence

US / ˈkɒmpɪtəns /

•

UK / ˈkɑmpɪtəns /

noun
Ability to do in a fully satisfactory way

defence

US / dɪˈfens /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

noun
The process of protecting something from attack

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

truly

US / 'tru:lɪ /

•

UK / ˈtruli /

adverb
In accordance with truth, fact or reality; really

hill

US / hɪl /

•

UK / hɪl /

noun
High land not as high as a mountain
Where the road or land goes upward; slope
Person's name

follow

US / ˈfɔləu /

•

UK / ˈfɑlo /

verb
To come after someone; be guided by someone
To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
To be the logical result of something
To happen after something else happens
To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
To understand something happening or being said

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

refocus

US / ˌri:'fəʊkəs /

•

UK / ˌri:'foʊkəs /

verb
To put your attention back to something

whatnot

US / ˈwɒt.nɒt /

•

UK / ˈwɑːt.nɑːt /

noun
Miscellaneous curios
And other similar things

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

preparedness

US / prɪˈpeərɪdnəs /

•

UK / prɪˈperdnəs /

noun
State of being ready or prepared for use or action

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

ottawa

US / 'ɒtəwə /

•

UK / 'ɑ:təwə /

other
A member of the Algonquian people of southern Ontario

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

helen

US / ˈhɛlɪn /

•

UK / ˈhɛlən /

proper noun
The daughter of Zeus and Leda, born from an egg. In the Homeric poems she was the outstandingly beau

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

ones

US / wʌnz /

•

UK / wʌnz /

number
Number 1, a single person or thing

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

intense

US / ɪn'tens /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

adjecitve
Very strong, great or extreme in degree

mp

US / ˌem ˈpiː /

•

UK / ˌem ˈpiː /

abbreviation
MP is an acronym

sach

US / /

•

UK / 'sæk /

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

Subtitles section

Well, it's been 24 hours since our federal government unveiled a major overhaul.

Seven ministers are out, seven new ones are stepping in, and only eight remain in their roles.

And there's a lot of movement in key portfolios.

This is a complete reset by the looks of things, which is unheard of.

I don't recall ever seeing a government particularly as old as this government.

This is eight years old, this government is now.

So to be going into this with this massive change is significant.

And it's coming at a significant time.

We know times are challenging, but this is the team that is going to be able to continue the hard work, rolling up their sleeves and delivering for Canadians from coast to coast to coast.

And this is the cabinet Justin Trudeau will be taking into the next election.

So this revamp, it counts for a lot.

Now that we've had some time to absorb the changes, we want to break it down.

Who's in, who's out, and what does it mean for a government that's been in power for almost a decade and with a brand in decline?

Just yesterday, an abacus data poll showed the Liberals with just 28 percent of public support.

Next to Pierre Polyev's Conservatives, with the lead at 38 percent.

This has been one of the toughest stretches I've ever seen a government go through, right?

Issue after issue, misstep after misstep, and they just can never get their footing.

So I think for them, if you're going to have a cabinet shuffle, shuffle away, because I truly think it's hard to get in a much worse and darker position than you were prior to the election.

And that's kind of some of the reasons.

The prime minister in the past has been, you know, I wouldn't say sentimental, but and I wouldn't say tomorrow's mercenary, because a lot of people got the chance to build their own narrative ahead of the shuffle that they're not running again.

But there's obviously changes needed going into the next election.

So to give you a visual of what the cabinet looked like before the shuffle, take a look at this.

Now, it's pretty standard for a minister to announce during a shuffle period that they won't run again in the next election.

And if they do announce it, they don't stay in cabinet.

But of course, they stay on as MPs until they give up their seat.

Now, before the shuffle happened, four ministers had already announced that they wouldn't be running again.

So that's the transport minister, Omar al-Ghabra.

I've always known this job was temporary.

And the question for me was, do I leave on my own terms or do I wait till it's forced upon me?

And I decided that perhaps now is the time.

Others include the mental health and addictions minister, Carolyn Bennett, Helen Jassic, public services and procurement minister, and Joyce Murray, minister of fisheries and oceans.

So that's four of the seven, leaving these three positions.

Perhaps not surprisingly, public safety minister Marco Mendocino has been removed.

Rumors were circulating about this for weeks.

There's been a lot of controversy in Mendocino's department, from gun control legislation to foreign interference.

He also came under intense scrutiny when serial killer and rapist Paul Bernardo was transferred to a medium security prison in May.

The public safety minister condemns the decision to move Paul Bernardo, but says he can't change it.

President of the Treasury Board, Mona Fortier, has also been dropped.

She's been in the role since 2021 and was responsible for negotiating a new contract with public servants in May.

Yesterday, she tweeted that it had been an honor to serve in cabinet.

Justice Minister David Lamedi is also out.

Lamedi took over from former Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould in 2019.

And there's speculation about why he's been dropped.

I'm mystified, really, about why Lamedi is gone.

I think we're missing a piece of information here, either about maybe something in his life or in the file that would make sense for this move.

As I said earlier, there are eight ministers who didn't change roles, two of which are Foreign Affairs Minister and Deputy PM and Finance Minister.

And that brings us to the new cabinet.

The seven new ministers are Arif Farhani, Minister of Justice and Attorney General.

Soraya Martinez-Ferrara is the new Minister of Tourism and Minister Responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for Quebec Regions.

Gary Ananda Sangheri becomes Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations.

Terry Beach becomes Minister of Citizen Services.

And that's a new file.

Yaara Sachs, Minister of Mental Health and Addictions.

Jenna Suds, Minister of Families, Children and Social Development.

Richie Valdez becomes Minister of Small Business.

Now for the big role changes among ministers.

One of the biggest moves is Anita Anand, from Defense Minister to President of the Treasury Board.

When you start hearing stuff like Anita Anand moving to an economic portfolio, I think what that signals to me is someone like Minister Freeland, who I don't question her competence, but I question her communication skills,

You have someone who's likely much stronger communications through all her portfolios than Anand to kind of support her in that role.

And moving into that defense role is Bill Blair, the former Emergency Preparedness Minister.

He's a former police chief and will be Canada's point person at NATO.

Dominic LeBlanc will now lead Public Safety, a big job with a tough portfolio that includes the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and the RCMP.

Dominic LeBlanc lobbied for this job, that he wanted this job, that he made the case to the Prime Minister and to his advisors that he could do intergovernmental affairs and public safety, even though public safety is very,

Very challenging.

Pablo Rodriguez becomes Transport Minister from Heritage.

And Pascal Saint-Ange moved into that Heritage role from Sport.

Mark Holland is moving from Leader of the Government in the House to Minister of Health, another big portfolio.

And interestingly, Sean Fraser, the former Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship of Canada, becomes Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities.

I think he got the headline promotion, or certainly what the government would like the headline to be out of the shuffle.

This is them really revamping that housing ministry, pairing it now with infrastructure.

And this is a file that the government really wants to focus on.

And we're told this shuffle has a lot to do with that.

It comes at a pretty turbulent time for the economy.

A lot of people are struggling with the cost of living and have been for a while.

The Trudeau government has been in power for eight years, and it says this shake-up is meant to meaningfully address these issues.

The question is, will it be enough?

And does the public believe it's possible?

Catherine Cullen is the host of CBC's podcast The House and a senior reporter on Parliament Hill.

She's obviously been following this very closely.

And she joins us from her desk in Ottawa.

Hi, Catherine.

Hey, Lauren.

Thanks for having me.

So obviously some surprises here, some not so surprising moves.

Walk us through this.

What are we surprised about?

What aren't we surprised about?

And why?

I mean, I'd say the biggest surprise is how big this cabinet shuffle is, right?

I mean, they've really kind of like flipped the whole deck here.

Only eight ministers kept their jobs out of the 38 in cabinet, 39 if you count the prime minister.

So just the size of it, that so many people are doing different things, is pretty stunning.

There's certainly a fair bit of new blood here.

Seven people who haven't been ministers before.

Perhaps the most remarkable thing out of all of that is that we have a new justice minister who's never been a minister before, Arif Farhani.

That is a pretty high-profile job in the government of Canada.

So to jump right up to justice, that was one of the big surprises for me today.

Certainly, he's somebody with a background in constitutional law.

He's got a really interesting biography.

He actually took a couple years off, and at one point for work, he went to Tanzania and worked on the International War Crimes Tribunal there, actually prosecuting people who had been involved in genocide.

So a really interesting background and interesting story.

But it's kind of remarkable to give somebody new such a big job.

In terms of the things that have moved around, it might be a little bit of a surprise for us.

I'd say the biggest combination is the decision to move Anita Anand out of defence, particularly in the midst of Russia's war on Ukraine, and to put Bill Blair into that job.

It's surprising that they would change in the midst of the conflict, but also because there's a lot going on in national defence.

Doing a defence policy review, which might sound a bit snoozy, but it really ultimately is about what Canada is trying to do with the Department of Defence.

You know, there are serious recruitment problems.

They're working on culture change because of the various concerns around harassment and whatnot in the military.

So that is a really big job.

Taking her out, she's going to be president of, she is now president of the Treasury Board, which, you know, like, I don't think the average Canadian could necessarily tell you what the president of the Treasury Board does.

They're responsible for government purse strings.

So taking, you know, this sort of like star minister out into a lesser known portfolio and putting a former police chief in at national defence in the midst of all these changes, that was a pretty big surprise for me too.

Yeah.

So what would be the strategy behind that?

I mean, are they grooming her for something?

Interesting question.

You know, we have been hearing through our sources that perhaps she wanted something that was a little bit more domestic.

There's a lot of travel involved in being defence minister.

Also, there is a thought that amongst the Liberals who have ambitions to maybe one day be prime minister,

Anita Anand is in that club.

And maybe she feels that she needs to sort of beef up her economic bona fides.

So a role like that would be a place where she could say she has a bit more experience ministerially when it comes to the economic side of things.

As for Bill Blair, obviously, I think the government feels that his work as former police chief in Toronto would really lend him to this role.

But as I say, like, you know, you've got big shoes to fill in the sense that Anita Anand had a lot of strong relationships.

She was doing a lot of work.

He's taken on a lot of tasks.

He was emergency preparedness minister.

So he's been dealing with Canadian forces a lot.

We've seen, you know, post-tropical storm Fiona, the wildfires.

The Canadian forces have helped out a lot with that.

But this, you know, this is this is a big task for him and one of the more difficult jobs in government.

Right.

And as you said, this is a huge shuffle.

And at a time, you know, when the Liberals have been taking a lot of heat for what's happening in the economy and housing.

And eight years of doubling the cost of housing.

His government is a failure.

Do you think this new strategy going forward, is this going to be enough to kind of quell some of that criticism?

This, what we saw on the day of the cabinet shuffle, I would actually, you know, usually journalists, we try to be a little bit careful, not too categorical.

I would say no.

This alone will not quell anybody's concerns, right?

Because people are not worried about who is in cabinet.

They are worried about, you know, am I going to get rent evicted?

Or will I ever be able to buy a home?

Am I going to be able to afford the cost of renewing my mortgage?

So I think that they took steps today.

The government took steps to show that changes afoot, you know, that sort of refresh things.

But it's got to come along with some substantial action.

I think they know that they're particularly vulnerable on the housing file.

But that's something that a lot of people are feeling a lot of anxiety about acutely.

They're also kind of being beaten over the head by Pierre Pauliev on the issue for months and months and months now.

We have the fewest houses per capita in all of the G7. Under our government, housing was affordable.

Under this government, it's eye-poppingly expensive.

The government has to match this sense of refresh with, I think, a bit of a refresh in terms of purpose.

It can't just be having different people talking about the same issues.

I think they need to seem more seized with the priorities of Canadians.

Right.

And I mean, on foreign interference, on the RCMP, the Liberal brand has really taken a big hit over the last year.

So will this be able to salvage it in any way?

I mean, we'll see.

I do think they have to get refocused on economic issues, because that's where a lot of people are at.

I think you talk about things that are interesting in this cabinet shuffle.

Making Dominic Blanc responsible not only for intergovernmental affairs, but also for public safety.

Those are two thorny files, right?

Intergovernmental affairs, you're dealing with premiers across the country, some of them not happy with the Liberal government right now when it comes to things like the plan to fight climate change and carbon taxes and whatnot.

Public safety, I mean, the previous minister, Marco Medicino, he was fired.

We don't usually use language that's that clear and plain, but he was fired.

It's a hard portfolio.

He struggled.

There were certainly a number of missteps.

So the Liberals have a lot of faith in Dominic Leblanc.

He's known the Prime Minister for a very long time.

He's an old hand in politics, and he's gotten them through some sticky situations.

But that is quite a mandate that he's got.

I should say, though, at the end of the day, I mean, this is Justin Trudeau's government, right?

The ministers are important, but it's really going to ultimately come from the Prime Minister, the decisions he makes and how he speaks to Canadians.

Because, of course, that is who people think about when they think about the government.

Interesting.

All right.

Catherine Cullen, thank you so much for joining us.

Happy to do it.

Thanks for having me.