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Why Egypt's Economy is About to Collapse

Video vocabulary

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

credibility

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US / ˌkredəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of being believable or deserving of trust

massively

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US / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

UK / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • To a very large degree or in a large manner

promise

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US / 'prɒmɪs /

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

A1
  • verb
  • To say you will certainly do something

stuff

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US / stʌf /

UK / stʌf /

A1
  • noun
  • Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • verb
  • To push material inside something, with force

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

protest

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US / 'prəʊtest /

UK / ˈproʊtɛst /

A2
  • noun
  • Forceful argument against something
  • Objection to something
  • verb
  • To argue against something in a forceful way
  • To express a strong objection or dislike

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

upcoming

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US / ˈʌpkʌmɪŋ /

UK / ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Occurring soon; approaching

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

yourself

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US / jɔ:ˈself /

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

corrupt

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US / kə'rʌpt /

UK / kəˈrʌpt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being damaged or spoiled
  • Misusing power, as by taking bribes, to get rich
  • verb
  • To persuade someone to act illegal or immorally
  • To cause to become damaged or spoiled
  • To lack integrity or be dishonest

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

probability

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US / ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌprɑ:bəˈbɪləti /

A2
  • noun
  • What the chances are that something will happen

oil

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US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

standard

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US / 'stændəd /

UK / ˈstændəd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being the accepted normal level of quality
  • (Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
  • noun
  • Official unit of measuring something
  • Principle of behaving in a moral way

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

anyway

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US / ˈeniweɪ /

UK / ˈɛniˌwe /

A1
  • adverb
  • A word used to change the topic of a conversation

anywhere

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US / ˈeniweə(r) /

UK / ˈeniwer /

A1
  • adverb
  • To any extent or degree (often used with not)
  • In, at or to any place
  • other
  • Use to indicate limits or variation

autocrat

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US / ˈɔ:təkræt /

UK / ˈɔtəˌkræt /

C1
  • noun
  • Person having complete power and control

aid

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US / eɪd /

UK / ed /

A2
  • noun
  • Action of giving help to others
  • Money or help given to those who need it
  • verb
  • To help others and provide things

crisis

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US / 'kraɪsɪs /

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

canal

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US / kəˈnæl /

UK / kəˈnæl /

B1
  • noun
  • Channel cut through land for boats or ships

fringe

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US / frɪndʒ /

UK / frɪndʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Decorative edge of hanging threads or hairs
  • Hair falling over your forehead

gulf

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US / gʌlf /

UK / ɡʌlf /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
  • Wide separation or difference between two groups
  • Deep hole in the ground

head

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US / hed /

UK / hɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Counter for the number of cattle
  • Natural mental ability or intelligence
  • Leader or person with the greatest authority
  • Mind; mental ability; mental state
  • Side of a coin with a head on it
  • Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
  • Starting point of something, e.g. a river
  • verb
  • To hit a ball with your head in a game
  • To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
  • To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
  • To become the leader of something
  • To lead or be responsible for something

middle

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US / 'mɪdl /

UK / ˈmidl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Equal distance from extremes
  • noun
  • Place that is halfway between two things

replace

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US / rɪ'pleɪs /

UK / rɪˈples /

A2
  • verb
  • To use instead of something else
  • To return an item to its original location

opposition

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US / ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
  • Group that you are fighting or competing against

subsidy

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US / 'sʌbsədɪ /

UK / ˈsʌbsɪdi /

B1
  • noun
  • Money paid to keep the cost or price affordable

consume

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US / kən'sju:m /

UK / kənˈsum /

A2
  • verb
  • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • To take all your energy; focus the attention

convince

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US / kən'vɪns /

UK / kənˈvɪns /

A2
  • verb
  • To persuade someone, or make them feel sure

interim

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US / ˈɪntərɪm /

UK / ˈɪntərɪm /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Acting or being used for a limited period of time

news

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US / nju:z /

UK / nu:z /

A1
  • noun
  • Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
  • Information about recent events

street

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US / stri:t /

UK / strit /

A1
  • noun
  • Road in a city with buildings and places to walk

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

infinity

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US / ɪn'fɪnətɪ /

UK / ɪnˈfɪnɪti /

B2
  • noun
  • State of being without end; endless time, space

infrastructure

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US / 'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r) /

UK / ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Basic necessary equipment for a country or region

prominence

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US / ˈprɒmɪnəns /

UK / ˈprɑ:mɪnəns /

B2
  • noun
  • State or quality of being important or well known

spend

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US / spend /

UK / spɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

worth

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US / wɜ:θ /

UK / wɚθ /

A2
  • other
  • the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
  • having a particular value, especially in money

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

defend

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US / dɪ'fend /

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

B1
  • verb
  • To protect and explain your position in court
  • To protect against an attack
  • To try to prevent another team from scoring

candidacy

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US / ˈkændɪdəsi /

UK / ˈkændɪdəsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Campaign of a candidate to be elected

chaos

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US / 'keɪɒs /

UK / ˈkeˌɑs /

B1
  • other
  • State of utter confusion or disorder

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

intend

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US / ɪnˈtend /

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To plan or want to do something

soon

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US / su:n /

UK / sun /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time not long from now

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

sovereign

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US / ˈsɒvrɪn /

UK / ˈsɑ:vrən /

B2
  • noun
  • King, queen, emperor etc. of a country

averse

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US / əˈvɜ:s /

UK / əˈvɜ:rs /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Averse to feeling strong dislike for

career

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US / kə'rɪə(r) /

UK / kəˈrɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Particular occupation in professional life
  • verb
  • To move forward very fast and without control

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

pitch

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US / pɪtʃ /

UK / pɪtʃ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very dark black color
  • noun
  • Act of throwing a baseball for someone to hit
  • Playing fields in sports, e.g. for soccer
  • Attempt to sell/persuade someone of the value of
  • Degree of slope on e.g. a plane's wing
  • Measure of how high or low a sound is
  • Black substance that is very stick when heated
  • verb
  • To suggest a product, idea to make someone buy
  • To throw a baseball to a batter
  • To plunge or fall forward or headlong
  • To set up a camp or tent for a length of time
  • To attempt to sell something to someone
  • To set a sound to a certain level

technology

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US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

somewhere

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US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

A1
  • adverb
  • At or to an unknown or unnamed place

army

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US / 'ɑ:mɪ /

UK / ˈɑrmi /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of soldiers organized to fight in wars

currency

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US / 'kʌrənsɪ /

UK / ˈkɚrənsi, ˈkʌr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Widespread acceptance
  • Money system that a country uses

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

nile

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A river in eastern Africa, the longest river in the world, that rises in east central Africa near La

surround

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US / səˈraʊnd /

UK / səˈraʊnd /

A2
  • other
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • verb
  • To be all the way around something
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • To move closer on all sides of something

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

bolster

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US / 'bəʊlstə(r) /

UK / ˈbolstɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To prop up or support (e.g. a wall)

divide

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US / dɪ'vaɪd /

UK / dɪˈvaɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
  • To separate something into equal pieces

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

ideological

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US / ˌaɪdɪə'lɒdʒɪkl /

UK / ˌaɪdiəˈlɑdʒɪkəl, ˌɪdi- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • In conformity with fixed ideas or beliefs

irrigation

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US / ˌɪrɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪrɪ'ɡeɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Supplying land with water using pipes

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

afford

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US / ə'fɔ:d /

UK / əˈfɔrd, əˈford /

A2
  • verb
  • To make available, to provide
  • To have enough money to pay for something

council

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US / 'kaʊnsl /

UK / ˈkaʊnsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Group chosen to make decisions about something

cripple

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US / 'krɪpl /

UK / ˈkrɪpəl /

B2
  • noun
  • (rude) Disabled person
  • verb
  • To hurt and make useless

colonial

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US / kəˈləʊniəl /

UK / kəˈloʊniəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a system where one country controls another

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

laud

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US / lɔ:d /

UK / lɔd /

C1
  • verb
  • To praise highly

revenue

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US / 'revənju: /

UK / ˈrevənju /

A2
  • noun
  • Money that is made by or paid to a business
  • Money a government collects from its people

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

third

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US / θɜ:d /

UK / θɜ:rd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 3rd: Number after second

attack

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US / ə'tæk /

UK / əˈtæk /

A2
  • noun
  • Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
  • verb
  • To try to destroy, beat, or injure

egypt

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US / 'i:dʒɪpt /

UK / 'i:dʒɪpt /

A1
  • noun
  • A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until; site of an ancient civili

immediately

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US / ɪˈmi:diətli /

UK / ɪˈmidiɪtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without any delay; straight away

sell

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US / sel /

UK / sɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To exchange something for money
  • To persuade people to do, like or agree

politician

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US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone whose job is in politics

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

massive

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US / ˈmæsɪv /

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Very big; large; too big

fattah

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US / /

UK / /

A1

series

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US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

administrative

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US / ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv /

UK / ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning managing an organization

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

exacerbate

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US / ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt /

UK / ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbet /

B2
  • verb
  • To increase the severity or bitterness of

inclination

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US / ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Feeling or desire to do something; a habit

inflation

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US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of filling something with air or gas
  • Continual rise in the prices of products

himself

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US / hɪmˈself /

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • The same (male) person who did the action

debt

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US / det /

UK / dɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

desperate

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US / ˈdespərət /

UK / ˈdɛspərɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being beyond hope; prepared to do anything
  • State of urgently wanting to go to the toilet

print

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US / prɪnt /

UK / prɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Process of making books, magazines etc.
  • verb
  • To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
  • To write individual letters by hand in capitals

popular

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US / ˈpɒpjələ(r) /

UK / ˈpɑ:pjələ(r) /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Liked or enjoyed by many people

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

boycott

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US / 'bɔɪkɒt /

UK / ˈbɔɪˌkɑt /

B2
  • other
  • To not buy/use something as a protest
  • verb
  • To not buy a product for moral reasons

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

bloated

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US / ˈbləʊtɪd /

UK / ˈbloʊtɪd /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Swelled up or inflated with gas or liquid
  • verb
  • To cause to swell up or inflate with gas or liquid

finish

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US / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

UK / ˈfɪnɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • End of something; completion
  • Final coat (of paint) applied to a surface
  • verb
  • To use or consume all of something
  • To reach the end; to complete something
  • To put a final surface (e.g. paint) on something

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

perceive

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US / pə'si:v /

UK / pɚˈsiv /

B1
  • verb
  • To notice or become aware of something
  • To think of someone or something in a certain way

brilliant

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US / 'brɪlɪənt /

UK / ˈbrɪljənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
  • Being very bright, like a diamond; shining

north

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US / nɔ:θ /

UK / nɔ:rθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Coming from the opposite direction to the south
  • noun
  • Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

necessary

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US / 'nesəsərɪ /

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Needed or required; unavoidable

member

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US / ˈmembə(r) /

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the body of a human, animal
  • Person or thing belonging to a group or team

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

understand

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US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

A1
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

reform

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US / rɪ'fɔ:m /

UK / rɪˈfɔrm /

A2
  • noun
  • An improvement, especially in a person's behaviour or in the structure of something
  • verb
  • To re-shape something to a better condition
  • To (cause to) lead a non-criminal life
  • To improve society by removing abuse/injustice
  • To re-shape something into a different form

online

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US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Connected to the internet

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

stoke

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US / stəʊk /

UK / stok /

C1
  • verb
  • To add fuel or tend a fire to make it stronger

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

july

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US / dʒuˈlaɪ /

UK / dʒʊˈlaɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • 7th month of the year

platform

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US / 'plætfɔ:m /

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

B1
  • noun
  • Flat, raised structure that people stand on
  • Area from which you board a train at a station

accumulate

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US / əˈkju:mjəleɪt /

UK / əˈkjumjəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To gather or acquire so that you have more of it

arab

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US / ˈærəb /

UK / ˈærəb /

C2
  • noun
  • Citizen of an Arabic speaking nation

description

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US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Explanation of what something is like, looks like

resist

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US / rɪ'zɪst /

UK / rɪˈzɪst /

A2
  • verb
  • To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
  • To fight or prevent something from happening
  • To refuse to accept something new or different
  • To stop yourself from doing, e.g. eating something

regime

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US / reɪˈʒi:m /

UK / reˈʒim, rɪ- /

B1
  • noun
  • A system of management; a form of government

sense

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US / sens /

UK / sɛns /

A1
  • noun
  • Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • Normal or clear state of mind
  • Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
  • verb
  • To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
  • To recognize the presence of something

whether

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US / ˈweðə(r) /

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

A1
  • conjunction
  • If something will happen or not

support

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US / səˈpɔ:t /

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Assistance or advice given to someone
  • Evidence that helps prove something is true
  • A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
  • verb
  • To give assistance or advice to someone
  • To help prove or show that something is true
  • To hold up or prevent from falling down

financially

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US / fə'nænʃəlɪ /

UK / faɪˈnænʃəlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • From a financial point of view

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

nearly

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US / ˈniəli /

UK / ˈnɪrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not completely; almost

recent

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US / 'ri:snt /

UK / ˈrisənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or beginning not long ago

war

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US / wɔ:(r) /

UK / wɔr /

A2
  • noun
  • Situation where armies fight each other

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

coast

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US / kəʊst /

UK / kost /

A2
  • noun
  • Land near the sea or ocean
  • verb
  • To progress in something without trying hard
  • (Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

oversee

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US / ˌəʊvə'si: /

UK / ˌovɚˈsi /

B2
  • verb
  • To check on or manage the work of others

interest

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US / 'ɪntrəst /

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
  • Fee for borrowing money
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

anytime

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US / 'enɪˌtaɪm /

UK / ˈɛniˌtaɪm /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time you choose, it's not important when

government

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US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

coffer

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US / ˈkɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈkɔfɚ, ˈkɑfɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Chest or box

group

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US / ɡru:p /

UK / ɡrup /

A1
  • noun
  • Two or more musicians who play music together
  • Number of people or things gathered together
  • verb
  • To combine or collect objects or people together

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

young

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US / jʌŋ /

UK / jʌŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At an early stage of existence; not mature
  • Being recently created or started
  • noun
  • Babies in a group or family of animals

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

arabia

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US / əˈreibjə /

UK / əˈrebiə /

A1
  • noun
  • An area in the Middle East

constitutional

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US / ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:ʃənl /

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəl, -ˈtju- /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Regarding laws that govern a nation and its people
  • Regarding the basic health, character of a person

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

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US / sɜ:v /

UK / sɚv /

A2
  • verb
  • To act in a particular position or office
  • To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
  • To be used for a particular purpose
  • To give someone food or drinks
  • To give a person or group a service that is needed
  • To spend a particular amount of time in prison
  • To help customers find products and making sales
  • To give an official paper to appear in court

premium

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US / ˈpri:miəm /

UK / ˈprimiəm /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a higher than normal quality
  • noun
  • Money paid as a fee for insurance

clear

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US / klɪə(r) /

UK / klɪr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Empty; without anything in it or on it
  • Being certain and without doubt
  • Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
  • Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
  • adverb
  • Completely; entirely; through the whole of
  • Away from; free from
  • verb
  • To recover from or remove a problem
  • To get rid of the entire contents of
  • To give permission for something to happen
  • To make a place or surface empty by removing
  • To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

economic

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US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning trade, industry, and money

hand

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US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one

raise

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US / reɪz /

UK / rez /

A1
  • noun
  • Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
  • Pay increase
  • verb
  • To increase a bet above another when playing cards
  • To gather donations for a cause or charity
  • To bring up and educate a child to maturity
  • To bring a dead person to life
  • To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
  • To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
  • To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
  • To increase (salary, etc.)
  • To grow or care for plants or animals

senior

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US / 'si:nɪə(r) /

UK / ˈsinjɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being older than another person
  • Concerning the needs or activities of older people
  • (Student) in the final year of school
  • noun
  • Person who has usually reached a specific old age
  • Person who is older than someone else
  • Person with higher status or authority than
  • Student who is in the final year of school

costly

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US / 'kɒstlɪ /

UK / ˈkɔstli /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very expensive, often wasteful

decade

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US / ˈdekeɪd /

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of 10 years

full

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US / fʊl /

UK / fʊl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Containing all the parts; complete
  • Containing or holding as much as possible
  • Having had enough food
  • adverb
  • In a direct manner; completely

interactive

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US / ˌɪntərˈæktɪv /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈæktɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Acting or influencing others

saga

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US / ˈsɑ:gə /

UK / ˈsɑɡə /

B2
  • noun
  • Description of events occurring over a long period

misguide

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US / mɪs'gaɪd /

UK / mɪs'gaɪd /

A1
  • other

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

arm

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US / ɑ:m /

UK / ɑrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
  • A branch of another object e.g. company
  • The side part of a chair where your arms go
  • The influence or power an authority has
  • verb
  • To activate a weapon or bomb for use
  • To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

judge

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US / dʒʌdʒ /

UK / dʒʌdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who decides on the results of a contest
  • Person who has the power to make a decision
  • verb
  • To reach a decision about who won a contest
  • To form an opinion after careful consideration
  • To make a decision in court

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

subscription

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US / səbˈskrɪpʃn /

UK / səbˈskrɪpʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Regular payment for a service, magazine etc.

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

bank

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US / bæŋk /

UK / bæŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A financial institution that keeps or lends money
  • The side of a river
  • A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
  • verb
  • To put or keep your money in a bank
  • To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

below

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US / bɪ'ləʊ /

UK / bɪˈlo /

A1
  • preposition
  • In a lower position, place, or level

demand

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US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

UK / dɪˈmænd /

A2
  • noun
  • Desire customers have to buy product, service
  • A strong request for someone to do something
  • verb
  • To strongly request someone to do something

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

nasser

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US / ˈnæsər /

UK / /

A1
  • other
  • Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal

suggest

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US / səˈdʒest /

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

A1
  • verb
  • To mention something that could be done; propose

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

critical

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US / ˈkrɪtɪkl /

UK / ˈkrɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Making a negative judgment of something
  • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
  • Most important part

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

january

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US / ˈdʒænjuəri /

UK / ˈdʒænjueri /

A1
  • noun
  • 1st month of the year

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

dedicate

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US / 'dedɪkeɪt /

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌket /

B1
  • verb
  • To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
  • To give your energy, time, etc. completely

cairo

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US / ˈkaɪrəʊ /

UK / ˈkaɪroʊ /

A1
  • other
  • A town at the southern tip of Illinois at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

genuinely

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US / 'dʒenjʊɪnlɪ /

UK / ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a real, actual, not false or artificial way

uae

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • United Arab Emirates.

candidate

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US / ˈkændɪdət /

UK / ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Politician who is running for public office

egyptian

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US / ɪ'dʒɪpʃn /

UK / ɪˈdʒɪpʃən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Egypt
  • noun
  • Person from Egypt

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

investor

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US / ɪnˈvestə(r) /

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who spends money to help businesses grow

price

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US / praɪs /

UK / praɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Cost of something in money
  • verb
  • To determine or set the cost of something

rig

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US / rɪɡ /

UK / rɪɡ /

B2
  • noun
  • Shape and number of sails on a ship
  • Structure that draws out oil from under the ground
  • A truck, usually large
  • verb
  • To dishonestly fix the result of elections, games
  • To fit out a ship with ropes and sails
  • To fix something in place so that it does not move
  • To provide someone with clothes

poverty

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US / ˈpɔvəti /

UK / ˈpɑvəti /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being poor
  • Lack of something necessary

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

constitution

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US / ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃən /

UK / ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju- /

B1
  • noun
  • Statement of fundamental principles of a country
  • Condition of your health
  • Different parts that make something

gdp

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US / ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː /

UK / ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • GDP is an acronym

patient

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US / 'peɪʃnt /

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
  • noun
  • Person who receives medical treatment or care

originally

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US / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • At first; in the beginning
  • In a new and unique manner

predict

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US / prɪ'dɪkt /

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To guess or estimate what will or might happen

tumultuous

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US / tju:ˈmʌltʃuəs /

UK / tʊˈmʌltʃuəs, tjʊ- /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Chaotic

solution

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US / səˈlu:ʃn /

UK / səˈluʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • Way to solve or deal with a problem

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

alone

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US / ə'ləʊn /

UK / əˈlon /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Apart from others
  • Without equal
  • adverb
  • Without anyone or anything else

little

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US / 'lɪtl /

UK / ˈlɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being short in length of time
  • Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
  • Being very young or younger than others
  • adverb
  • By an amount or degree that is not very much
  • Not often; rarely
  • noun
  • A person's name

lead

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US / li:d /

UK / lid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the main part in movies or plays
  • noun
  • Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • Information that could help to solve a crime
  • Main part in a play or movie
  • Heavy, gray metal element
  • Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
  • Act of being at the front in a race or game
  • verb
  • To show the way or guide others
  • To be at the front of a race or game
  • To travel in front of; go in advance of others

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

rate

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US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

stability

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US / stəˈbɪləti /

UK / stəˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Quality or state of being even or consistent

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

summer

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US / ˈsʌmə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌmɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of the year when the weather is hot
  • verb
  • To spend time in a place in the warm months

unfortunately

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US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

backer

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US / ˈbækə(r) /

UK / ˈbækɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person supporting another person, often with money

depose

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US / dɪ'pəʊz /

UK / dɪˈpoz /

C1
  • verb
  • To remove something from power or prominence

capital

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US / 'kæpɪtl /

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main, or major
  • noun
  • Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
  • Official main city of a country, province or state
  • Collective name for money, shares, and assets
  • Money that is used for a business

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

radically

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US / 'rædɪklɪ /

UK / ˈrædɪkl:ɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Completely or extremely

pull

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US / pʊl /

UK / pʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
  • Force something has that draws other things to it
  • Using your hands to move something to you
  • verb
  • To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
  • To hold something and move it toward you
  • To remove something by force

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

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US / tɜ:n /

UK / tɚn /

A1
  • noun
  • Place where changing of direction happens
  • Your time or chance to perform a duty
  • Your chance to play or do in say a game
  • Unexpected change, as in the weather
  • verb
  • To become (a particular age)
  • To become a different quality, color, etc.
  • To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
  • To move in an opposite direction or position
  • To shape metal with a spinning tool

won

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn, won /

A1
  • verb
  • To gain something you want because of your efforts
  • To succeed in a game or contest

defense

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US / dɪ'fens /

UK / dɪˈfɛns /

B1
  • noun
  • Argument in support of something
  • The process of protecting something from attack
  • Part of a team that prevents others from scoring

british

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US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of British

imf

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US / ˌaɪ em ˈef /

UK / ˌaɪ em ˈef /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • International Monetary Fund.

suez

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US / ˈsuːɪz /

UK / ˈsuɛz /

A1

vote

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US / vəʊt /

UK / vot /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of deciding who to choose in an election
  • verb
  • To make a choice for or against, as in an election

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

project

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US / prəˈdʒekt /

UK / prəˈdʒɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned piece of work for specific purpose
  • Group of homes built by government for poor people
  • verb
  • To predict what will happen in the future
  • To show something on a screen using light
  • To stick out past the edge of something

questionable

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US / ˈkwestʃənəbl /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃənəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not likely to be right or true; doubtful

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

appoint

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US / ə'pɔɪnt /

UK / əˈpɔɪnt /

A2
  • verb
  • To officially choose a person for a job, position

figure

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US / ˈfiɡə /

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Your body shape
  • Numbers in a calculation
  • Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
  • Picture or diagram giving information in a text
  • Person who is very important or famous
  • Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
  • Amount that is expressed in numbers
  • verb
  • To appear in a game, play or event
  • To calculate how much something will cost
  • To understand after thinking; work out

china

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US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
  • other
  • High quality porcelain originally made only in China

lake

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US / leɪk /

UK / lek /

A2
  • noun
  • Large area of water surrounded by land

nationalism

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US / ˈnæʃnəlɪzəm /

UK / ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm, ˈnæʃnə- /

A2
  • noun
  • Love of your country, e.g. leading to war

secularist

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US / /

UK / /

B2
  • noun
  • One supporting removing religious control

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

brotherhood

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US / ˈbrʌðəhʊd /

UK / ˈbrʌðərhʊd /

B1
  • noun
  • Group sharing similar views and support each other

ensue

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US / ɪn'sju: /

UK / ɛnˈsu /

B2
  • verb
  • To happen as a result of

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

kilometre

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US / ˈkɪləmi:tə(r) /

UK / ˈkɪləmiːtər /

A1
  • noun
  • A metric unit of length equal to 1000 metres

pay

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US / peɪ /

UK / pe /

A1
  • noun
  • Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
  • verb
  • To give money for goods or work done
  • To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
  • To be punished or suffer for something you did
  • To make (a visit) to a person or place

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

asset

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US / 'æset /

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Thing that has value to you

clearly

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US / ˈklɪəlɪ /

UK / ˈklɪrlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is easy to understand; obviously

introduce

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US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A1
  • verb
  • To open an essay to set the scene
  • To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
  • To begin the use of a new thing or practice
  • To make someone known to another by name
  • To insert or put something inside another thing

main

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US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

rapid

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US / ˈræpɪd /

UK / ˈræpɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Moving or happening very quickly
  • noun
  • Rough and fast-moving part of a river

movement

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US / ˈmu:vmənt /

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Part of a piece of classical music
  • Group with a shared interest or goal
  • Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
  • Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
  • Part of a piece of music

oppose

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US / əˈpəʊz /

UK / əˈpoʊz /

A2
  • verb
  • To fight against someone in a contest or game

spark

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US / spɑ:k /

UK / spɑrk /

B1
  • noun
  • Small piece of burning material produced by fire
  • Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
  • First small part of an idea or feeling
  • verb
  • To make tiny, brief bits of light
  • To start something new; To set in motion, activate

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

dollar

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US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

topic

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US / 'tɒpɪk /

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Subject or issue people talk or write about

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

election

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US / ɪ'lekʃn /

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Process of choosing someone by voting

drop

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US / drɒp /

UK / drɑp /

A1
  • noun
  • Distance between a higher and a lower level
  • Act of letting something fall (from your hand)
  • A decrease in quantity or quality; reduction
  • Tiny amount of liquid, with rounded bottom
  • verb
  • To drive someone to a place and then drive away
  • To let something fall from your hand
  • To fall or lie down quickly, as when shot
  • To decide to stop something e.g. a course)
  • To (cause to) reduce in quantity or quality

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

minister

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US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • An official who heads a government department
  • Person who performs Christian services

mega

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US / ˈmegə /

UK / 'meɡə /

B2
  • noun
  • Big; great; large; impressive

wary

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US / 'weərɪ /

UK / ˈwɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerned about danger; cautious; circumspect

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

wholesale

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US / 'həʊlseɪl /

UK / ˈholˌsel /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the selling of goods in large amounts

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

consensus

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US / kənˈsensəs /

UK / kənˈsɛnsəs /

B1
  • noun
  • A decision that is shared by most of a group

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

loyalist

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US / ˈlɔɪəlɪst /

UK / ˈlɔɪəlɪst /

B2
  • noun
  • Someone supporting an established leader

military

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US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the army or navy
  • noun
  • Army or armed forces

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

supreme

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US / su:ˈpri:m /

UK / sʊˈprim /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Greatest in degree/nature/quality; absolute best
  • Holding the highest power, status or authority

sustainable

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US / səˈsteɪnəbl /

UK / səˈsteɪnəbl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Capable of continuing for a long time
  • Able to be maintained without running out of

battle

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US / 'bætl /

UK / ˈbætl /

A2
  • noun
  • Military fight between armies
  • Working hard to stop something; struggle
  • verb
  • To fight or struggle against someone or something
  • To work hard to stop something; struggle

libya

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US / 'lɪbɪə /

UK / 'lɪbɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • A military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert;

presidential

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US / ˌprezɪ'denʃl /

UK / ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the president

sisi

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • A skirt made of leaves or plant fibre, or decorative girdle made of flowers and leaves, worn in Tong

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

narrowly

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US / ˈnærəʊli /

UK / ˈnærolɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • With little distance or difference between

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

spring

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US / sprɪŋ /

UK / sprɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Coil of metal that lessens impact, e.g. on cars
  • Sudden jump from one place to another
  • The time when plants start growing after winter
  • Place where water flows from beneath the ground
  • verb
  • To lessen the impact of something under pressure
  • To jump into the air

ten

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US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

guy

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US / ɡaɪ /

UK / ɡaɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Man; boy; any person

invasion

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US / ɪnˈveɪʒn /

UK / ɪnˈveʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • Entry into a place to cause harm

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

intelligence

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US / ɪn'telɪdʒəns /

UK / ɪnˈtɛlədʒəns /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the spying services; acting in secrecy
  • noun
  • Collection of secret information about something
  • Ability to learn things or to consider situations

moderate

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US / ˈmɒdərət /

UK / ˈmɑdərɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being average in quantity or size
  • verb
  • To host a meeting or panel discussion
  • To make something less violent, severe, or strong
  • To come between people to help solve an argument
  • To reduce the severity, violence, or strength of

money

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US / 'mʌnɪ /

UK / ˈmʌni /

A1
  • noun
  • Coins or notes we use to pay for things

significantly

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is important or noticeable
  • In a way that is meaningful

east

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US / i:st /

UK / i:st /

A1
  • noun
  • Direction where the sun rises
  • Geographic area including India, China, Japan etc.

keep

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US / ki:p /

UK / kip /

A1
  • noun
  • Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
  • Money spent on you so you can live in a place
  • verb
  • To continue doing something; not to stop
  • To stop balls going in a goal in sports
  • To not give back or return something
  • (Of food) to not spoil or not rot
  • To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
  • To have and continue to hold something
  • To do something that you have promised or agreed
  • To stay in a certain place or condition
  • To maintain the rules

mess

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US / mes /

UK / mɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • verb
  • To make something untidy or dirty

maintain

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US / meɪn'teɪn /

UK / menˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep saying something a certain way
  • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
  • To keep, exist or continue without changing

slip

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US / slɪp /

UK / slɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • A field position in cricket
  • A quick escape or become free from something
  • Combination of clay and water, used in pottery
  • Occasion when something grows worse or drops lower
  • Minor mistake
  • Thin women's underwear to go under a dress
  • verb
  • To begin to fall as a result of losing balance
  • To escape or become free from something
  • To move from one state to another, usually worse
  • To slide out of place or fall to the ground
  • To occur or pass rapidly
  • To put something in a place quietly and secretly

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

concept

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US / 'kɒnsept /

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

A2
  • noun
  • Abstract idea of something or how it works

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

precariously

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US / prɪ'keərɪəslɪ /

UK / prɪˈkɛrɪəslɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • So as to be likely to fall of fail; dangerously

bode

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US / bəʊd /

UK / boʊd /

C1
  • verb
  • To be an omen for (good or bad events)

default

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US / dɪ'fɔ:lt /

UK / dɪˈfɔlt /

B2
  • noun
  • Automatic setting when no indicated preference
  • Failure to meet an agreement or make a payment
  • verb
  • To fail to meet as agreed; failure to pay
  • To return to a previously determined state

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

channel

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US / 'tʃænl /

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

B1
  • noun
  • Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
  • TV or radio station or its programs
  • Method or way of sending or receiving information
  • Narrow passage through which water travels
  • Method or route used for sending or getting things
  • verb
  • To dig a long hole for carrying water
  • To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
  • To direct water or liquid through a passage
  • To direct energy or feelings into something

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

judicial

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US / dʒuˈdɪʃl /

UK / dʒuˈdɪʃəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the orders and laws of a court

policy

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US / 'pɒləsɪ /

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

A2
  • noun
  • Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
  • Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

worryingly

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US / 'wʌrɪɪŋlɪ /

UK / 'wʌrɪɪŋlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a manner to cause worry

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

majority

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US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Amount that is more than half of a group

office

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US / ˈɒfɪs /

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Room or building used for business
  • Important job position, often in a government

saudi

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US / 'saʊdɪ /

UK / 'saʊdɪ /

A1
  • other
  • A native or inhabitant of Saudi Arabia

revolutionary

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US / ˌrevə'lu:ʃənərɪ /

UK / ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Marking a significant change in something
  • Relating to a violent replacement of a government
  • noun
  • Person fighting to replace a government

argue

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US / ˈɑ:gju: /

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

A1
  • verb
  • To fight or disagree over something
  • To state your reasons for or against an idea

city

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US / 'sɪtɪ /

UK / ˈsɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • Area with many buildings, roads and people

emerge

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US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

A2
  • verb
  • To rise or appear out of some background

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

prominent

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US / ˈprɒmɪnənt /

UK / ˈprɑmənənt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being important or well known
  • Being easily noticeable
  • Sticking out beyond something

petroleum

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US / pə'trəʊlɪəm /

UK / pəˈtroliəm /

B2
  • noun
  • Oil found in the ground used to make fuel

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

force

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US / fɔ:s /

UK / fɔrs, fors /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of persons trained for military action; army
  • Pressure; attraction
  • The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
  • verb
  • To use physical strength or violence to persuade

endless

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US / ˈendləs /

UK / ˈɛndlɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having or appearing to have no end

generous

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US / ˈdʒenərəs /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Giving or ready to give freely
  • (Of an amount) larger than usual; lavish

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

borrow

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US / ˈbɒrəʊ /

UK / ˈbɑ:roʊ /

A2
  • verb
  • To take and later return something from another
  • To carry one number to another column when adding

corporation

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US / ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Big company or a combination of several companies

phase

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US / feɪz /

UK / fez /

A2
  • noun
  • Different stages of the moon from new to full
  • Distinct part or step in a process
  • One stage of a process or series of stages
  • verb
  • To make happen in a gradual ordered way

secular

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US / ˈsekjələ(r) /

UK / ˈsɛkjəlɚ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Not connected or controlled by religious beliefs

place

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US / pleɪs /

UK / ples /

A1
  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position

parliamentary

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US / ˌpɑ:ləˈmentri /

UK / ˌpɑ:rləˈmentri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Related to, or suitable for, a parliament

ultimately

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US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Done or considered as the final and most important

annual

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US / ˈænjuəl /

UK / ˈænjuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening once a year, or every year
  • noun
  • Book (in a series) released each year

anyone

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US / ˈeniwʌn /

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Any person

autocratic

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US / ˌɔ:tə'krætɪk /

UK / ˌɔ:tə'krætɪk /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Ruling with absolute power; ignoring others' ideas

coup

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US / ku: /

UK / ku /

B2
  • noun
  • Successful taking over of a thing; sudden success
  • Attempt to take control from the government

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

case

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US / keɪs /

UK / kes /

A1
  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
  • Set of facts about a crime
  • Set of facts about an event
  • Example or instance of something
  • verb
  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

kick

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US / kɪk /

UK / kɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
  • verb
  • To hit or move something with the foot

purge

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US / pɜ:dʒ /

UK / pɜ:rdʒ /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of removing some leaders and replacing them
  • verb
  • To make clear/clean by getting rid of evil/waste
  • To remove some leaders and replace them

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

bill

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US / bɪl /

UK / bɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
  • Sign or poster advertising something
  • Paper money; a bank note
  • Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
  • Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To request payment by handing over an invoice

civil

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US / ˈsɪvl /

UK / ˈsɪvəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
  • Acting in a polite, but not truly friendly manner

claim

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US / kleɪm /

UK / klem /

A2
  • noun
  • Demand for something that is believed to be due
  • Something said to be true when others don't agree
  • verb
  • To demand something that is believed to be due
  • To cause someone's life to come to an end
  • To say something is true when others may not agree

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

grab

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US / ɡræb /

UK / ɡræb /

A2
  • verb
  • To take and hold something quickly

political

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US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being active or interested in government matters
  • Diplomatic
  • Of the system of elections and government
  • Concerning government or public affairs
  • Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

eye

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US / aɪ /

UK / aɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • The part of the body that you see with
  • The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
  • Hole at the end of a needle
  • verb
  • To watch or study something closely

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

sit

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US / sɪt /

UK / sɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To take an exam
  • To be in a resting position on a chair
  • To provide seating for people
  • To remain in a still position while being painted

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

second

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US / 'sekənd /

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 2nd; the one following first
  • noun
  • Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short period of time that you wait for someone
  • (Do) soon

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

analysis

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US / əˈnæləsɪs /

UK / əˈnælɪsɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Careful study to better understand something

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

president

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US / ˈprezɪdənt /

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

A2
  • noun
  • Person in charge of a country, or organization

medium

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US / 'mi:dɪəm /

UK / ˈmidiəm /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of expressing ideas or feelings
  • Something available in a middle size or condition
  • Person who claims to communicate with the dead

rail

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US / reɪl /

UK / rel /

B1
  • noun
  • Long thin piece of metal, wood as part of a fence
  • One of two metal tracks along which a train runs
  • verb
  • To complain or object forcefully
  • To give or encircle something with a fence or bar

roughly

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US / ˈrʌfli /

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
  • In a manner that is violent or not careful
  • In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
  • In a basic, simple manner

growth

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US / grəʊθ /

UK / groʊθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Improvement, development in a skill over time
  • A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
  • Act of growing

jump

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US / dʒʌmp /

UK / dʒʌmp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large sudden increase
  • An act of springing into the air
  • Bar or other thing that is jumped over
  • A sudden movement due to surprise
  • verb
  • To attack someone suddenly
  • To push your body into the air with your legs
  • To suddenly decide to do something
  • To make a sudden movement due to surprise

master

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US / 'mɑ:stə(r) /

UK / ˈmæstɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being very skilled at doing something
  • Being the main or most important thing or part
  • noun
  • Someone who is very skilled at doing something
  • Holding a higher degree from a university
  • Male teacher
  • Owner of an animal, e.g. a dog
  • verb
  • To gain control over something
  • To learn to do something very well

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

tendency

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US / 'tendənsɪ /

UK / ˈtɛndənsi /

A2
  • noun
  • Likelihood to behave in a particular way

value

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US / 'vælju: /

UK / ˈvælju /

A1
  • noun
  • Importance you attach to something
  • Some information expressed as a number
  • Stated price of something; worth
  • verb
  • To place a high importance on something
  • To say how much money something is worth

ukraine

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US / ju:'kreɪn /

UK / ju:'kreɪn /

A1
  • other
  • A republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European soviet; the center of the original Russian st
  • Subtitles section
  • This video is brought to you by Brilliant.
  • When Abdel Fattah el-Sisi came to power in 2014 he was lauded by many Egyptians as the solution to the political chaos that had been consuming the country since the Arab Spring.
  • Unfortunately for Egypt, Sisi's costly economic policies have crippled the Egyptian pound, pushed inflation to new highs and Egypt now looks precariously close to a sovereign default.
  • So in this video, we're going to have a look at how Sisi came to power, Egypt's ensuing economic crisis and what might happen next.
  • So this story really starts with the Arab Spring.
  • In January 2011, a month after anti-Qadhafi protesters kicked off in Tunisia, Egypt took to the streets to protest then-president Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power for nearly 30 years.
  • A month later, Mubarak resigned and was replaced by the military junta called the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
  • At the time, the SCAF was led by a guy called Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, but it also included a guy called Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as its youngest member, who served as its head of intelligence.
  • Anyway, the SCAF gave way to parliamentary elections in late 2011, which were won by the Muslim Brotherhood, and presidential elections in the summer of 2012, which were narrowly won by the Muslim Brotherhood candidate Mohamed Morsi.
  • For context, the Muslim Brotherhood are a Sunni Islamist political group formed at the beginning of the 20th century that originally opposed British colonial control of Egypt.
  • It started off as a pretty fringe group, but rose to prominence after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, when it became the main political Islamist movement in the emerging ideological battle in the Middle East between political Islamism and secular Arab nationalism.
  • Anyway, Morsi only won the presidential election with a narrow 51% majority.
  • So, when he tried to pass what was perceived to be a radically Islamic-leaning constitution, it sparked massive protests, and in July 2013, only a year after taking office, Morsi was deposed by a military coup.
  • The coup was led by Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who had been appointed Morsi's defense minister.
  • Sisi appointed an interim president before running himself in the 2014 presidential election.
  • The election was boycotted by the opposition, and Sisi won with 97% of the vote.
  • Now, when Sisi first came to power, he was genuinely really popular.
  • He only ran in the 2014 election when it became clear that there was popular demand for his candidacy, and the main opposition group, the Muslim Brotherhood, had lost all credibility after their tumultuous year in power,
  • When they oversaw an endless saga of constitutional crises and a rapid drop in Egyptian standards of living.
  • Sisi pitched himself as a moderate politician, looking for consensus in a divided country.
  • As a moderate Muslim, he was somewhere in between the Muslim Brotherhood and the secularists, and he promised that stability would bring economic growth.
  • Originally, he was pretty successful at this, and Egypt's growth rate jumped from about 2% to about 5%. Sisi was helped by tens of billions of dollars in aid from Gulf states like Saudi Arabia and the UAE,
  • Who have always been wary of political Islamism and its revolutionary tendencies.
  • However, in the decade or so since, Sisi has turned into a bit of an autocrat, and his misguided policies have pushed Egypt into an economic crisis.
  • When he first came to power, Sisi immediately purged the army and jailed most of the senior members of the Muslim Brotherhood, claiming it was the necessary price for Egypt's political stability and asking that Egyptians be patient.
  • However, 10 years later, Sisi is still as autocratic as ever.
  • He's introduced various bills to give him more power over the media and jailed critical journalists, attacked Egypt's judicial system as ineffective and given himself the power to appoint top judges,
  • And rigged elections by jailing prominent opposition figures.
  • Sisi argues that these policies are still necessary to maintain stability, pointing to the chaos that surrounds Egypt in places like Libya and Sudan.
  • But the fact that little has changed in a decade doesn't bode well for anyone who wants to see Egypt turn into a democracy.
  • Sisi has also brought Egypt precariously close to an economic crisis.
  • Egypt's economy is dominated by a bloated civil service and massive state-owned companies like the Egyptian Genmal Petroleum Corporation, which have in many cases been handed over to corrupt army loyalists.
  • Sisi has spent tens of billions of dollars on enormous infrastructure projects.
  • Some of these made sense.
  • Egypt's infrastructure was a bit of a mess when Sisi took over and he massively improved stuff like the road and rail systems.
  • However, Sisi has also invested in some financially questionable mega projects, including a second Suez Canal in 2015, a massive irrigation project around Lake Nasser called Toshka, and a series of new cities across Egypt.
  • These include a new summer capital on the north coast, a sustainable city in the Nile Delta, and the new administrative capital, which sits just 45 kilometers east of Cairo and is intended to be Egypt's new capital city when it's eventually finished.
  • Unfortunately for Sisi, the first phase alone has cost over 45 billion dollars, and the project has become so expensive that its main international backers, the UAE and China, have now both pulled out.
  • To afford all these projects and maintain its generous subsidy regime, Egypt has had to borrow and print more money.
  • This has put pressure on Egypt's currency, the Egyptian pound, and stoked inflation.
  • The Egyptian pound lost more than half its value in Sisi's first few years and inflation has rarely been below 10%, pushing down Egyptian living standards while exacerbating poverty.
  • Things got significantly worse after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which made international investors more risk averse.
  • Since then, the pound has slipped to roughly 30 to the dollar and inflation is now running at just over 37%.
  • The Egyptian central bank has used up a lot of its foreign currency, defending the currency, and Egypt now looks worryingly close to a sovereign default.
  • Egypt's debt to GDP is nearly 100% and the state spends something like a third of all of its revenue just paying off the high interest rates on its pre-existing debt, which is clearly not sustainable.
  • Worryingly for Sisi, recent analysis by Bloomberg suggests that Egypt is now the second most likely country in the world to default after Ukraine.
  • Things don't look likely to get better anytime soon.
  • Sisi has shown little inclination to change course and resisted the wholesale reforms demanded by the IMF for further support.
  • In a desperate grab for foreign currency, the government has started selling up state assets, but the central bank is still spending reserves faster than it can accumulate them on defending the pound.
  • The only point of respite are raising oil and gas prices, which should bolster the state's coffers.
  • Ultimately, if this economic crisis continues, it'll be interesting to see whether Sisi can convince Egyptians this is a price worth paying for political stability, and it's worth keeping an eye on the upcoming presidential election early next year.
  • Now, you just spent around eight minutes watching a video to help you learn about the world around you, and that feels good, right?
  • Well, that's the feeling you get from spending time learning and bettering yourself.
  • And if you want to do this more, then we have good news.
  • Long-term supporter of the channel Brilliant are giving the first 200 people who sign up using our link 20% off their annual premium subscription.
  • Brilliant is an interactive online learning platform, which is full of all kinds of courses, which can help you improve your career and further improve your understanding of the world.
  • They have more than 100 courses on everything from predicting with probability, to how technology works, to the concept of infinity.
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  • Thanks for watching, and thanks again to Brilliant for supporting TLDR.