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Why is CEO pay skyrocketing as Canadians struggle? | About That

Video vocabulary

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

stagger

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US / ˈstægə(r) /

UK / ˈstæɡɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To greatly surprise someone

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

demand

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US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

UK / dɪˈmænd /

A2
  • noun
  • Desire customers have to buy product, service
  • A strong request for someone to do something
  • verb
  • To strongly request someone to do something

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

classify

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US / 'klæsɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈklæsəˌfaɪ /

B2
  • verb
  • To arrange things into groups of similar items
  • To keep some information secret from the public

outside

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US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

A2
  • adverb
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
  • noun
  • Area around or near something, such as a building
  • preposition
  • Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

average

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US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

price

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US / praɪs /

UK / praɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Cost of something in money
  • verb
  • To determine or set the cost of something

researcher

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

fourteen

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US / ˌfɔ:ˈti:n /

UK / fɔrˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 14

skyrocket

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US / 'skaɪrɒkɪt /

UK / ˈskaɪˌrɑkɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • (Prices or things) to increase suddenly

multiple

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US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having or involving more than one of something
  • noun
  • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
  • Shop with many branches

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

material

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US / məˈtɪəriəl /

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
  • Belonging to the world of physical things
  • noun
  • Cloth; fabric
  • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
  • Substance from which a thing is made of

highlight

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US / ˈhaɪlaɪt /

UK / ˈhaɪˌlaɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Best or most interesting part of something
  • Spot or section lighter than the area around it
  • verb
  • To use chemicals to make some hair a lighter color
  • To make people aware of a problem, subject, issue
  • To focus particular attention on; draw attention
  • To use a pen to mark places of interest in a book

rate

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US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

wage

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US / weɪdʒ /

UK / wedʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Money paid to a worker for the hours they worked
  • verb
  • To start (war, etc.) to achieve a particular goal

half

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US / hɑ:f /

UK / hæf, hɑf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not complete
  • adverb
  • Partly; somewhat
  • noun
  • One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
  • The part you get when one is divided into two;

suggest

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US / səˈdʒest /

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

A1
  • verb
  • To mention something that could be done; propose

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

necessity

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US / nəˈsesəti /

UK / nəˈsɛsɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Something that you must have or do

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

margin

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US / ˈmɑ:dʒɪn /

UK / ˈmɑ:rdʒən /

B1
  • noun
  • Edge of an area
  • Edge or border of a page on above, below
  • Profit; money left over after all costs

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

executive

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US / ɪɡ'zekjətɪv /

UK / ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a high ranking job in a company
  • noun
  • A senior manager in a business or organization

person

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US / 'pɜ:sn /

UK / 'pɜ:rsn /

A1
  • noun
  • Man, woman or child

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

entire

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US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

bank

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US / bæŋk /

UK / bæŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A financial institution that keeps or lends money
  • The side of a river
  • A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
  • verb
  • To put or keep your money in a bank
  • To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

alternative

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US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /

UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • A different choice
  • noun
  • Something different you can choose

play

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US / pleɪ /

UK / pleɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Loose, free movement between two objects
  • Single action in a sports game
  • Performance in which people act in a theater
  • verb
  • To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
  • To perform music on an instrument
  • To use a device, e.g. a video game
  • To do something for enjoyment and fun
  • To do or perform a game or sport

incentive

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US / ɪnˈsentɪv /

UK / ɪnˈsɛntɪv /

B1
  • noun
  • Something that encourages you to do something

school

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US / sku:l /

UK / skul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being to do with schools and education
  • noun
  • Large group of fish that swim together
  • Education of a child
  • Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
  • A particular belief or idea about something
  • verb
  • To teach or train someone to know or do something

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

competitive

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US / kəmˈpetətɪv /

UK / kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being strongly driven to win or be better than

struggle

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US / 'strʌɡl /

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
  • verb
  • To try very hard to do something difficult

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

compensation

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US / ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑmpənˈseʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • (Money) given or received as payment for loss

grow

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US / ɡrəʊ /

UK / ɡro /

A1
  • verb
  • To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • To improve; to develop better skills over time
  • To develop and become bigger or taller over time

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

fraction

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US / ˈfrækʃn /

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Small part of something

individual

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US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made for use by one single person
  • Having a distinct manner different from others
  • noun
  • Single person, looked at separately from others

consumer

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US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who buys goods or services

fringe

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US / frɪndʒ /

UK / frɪndʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Decorative edge of hanging threads or hairs
  • Hair falling over your forehead

graph

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US / græf /

UK / ɡræf /

A2
  • noun
  • Image expressing numerical data in lines or shapes
  • verb
  • To show data using images

check

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US / tʃek /

UK / tʃɛk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Decorated with squares made up of lines
  • noun
  • Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
  • Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
  • A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
  • Mark used to show that something is correct
  • Procedure to prevent errors or control something
  • verb
  • To confirm the details of something are correct
  • To leave your things with staff who look after it
  • To examine something to see if something is wrong
  • To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

insurance

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US / ɪnˈʃʊərəns /

UK / ɪnˈʃʊrəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Protection against loss/injury/death you pay for

eighty

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US / 'eɪtɪ /

UK / ˈeti /

A1
  • number
  • 80

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

massively

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US / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

UK / 'mæsɪvlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • To a very large degree or in a large manner

overall

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US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

spend

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US / spend /

UK / spɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To use money to pay for something
  • To use time in order to do something
  • To use up something completely

job

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US / dʒɒb /

UK / dʒɑ:b /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that must be done
  • Regular work at which you earn money

explode

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US / ɪk'spləʊd /

UK / ɪkˈsplod /

B1
  • verb
  • To express an emotion in a sudden and loud way
  • To increase in number or amount very quickly
  • To burst or cause to burst into pieces

rich

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US / rɪtʃ /

UK / rɪtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
  • Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
  • (of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
  • If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

home

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US / həʊm /

UK / hom /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A sports team's own field or place of play
  • adverb
  • Into the correct or intended position
  • noun
  • House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
  • Institution for sick or elderly people
  • Place where a person or a family lives
  • Country where a person lives or was born
  • Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
  • verb
  • To move towards a particular target location

mortgage

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US / 'mɔ:ɡɪdʒ /

UK / ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Long-term loan from a bank for buying property

benefit

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US / 'benɪfɪt /

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Good result or effect, something advantageous
  • verb
  • To have a good effect or be helpful

report

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US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Account of the necessary facts and information
  • The telling of news in the media
  • Official statement about something
  • verb
  • To submit a report or bill to the government
  • To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
  • To state something officially
  • To officially present yourself to an authority
  • To describe something by telling it to others

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

package

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US / ˈpækɪdʒ /

UK / ˈpækɪdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Presented as one item but includes several
  • noun
  • Box or container items are placed in for mailing
  • A container for items for sale, e.g. food
  • Group of several items or services offered as one
  • verb
  • To present or sell a group of things as one item
  • To put something into a container to store it

middle

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US / 'mɪdl /

UK / ˈmidl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Equal distance from extremes
  • noun
  • Place that is halfway between two things

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

underline

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US / ˌʌndəˈlaɪn /

UK / ˌʌndərˈlaɪn /

B1
  • noun
  • A line beneath a word or phrase
  • verb
  • To draw a line beneath a word or phrase
  • To show or be evidence of the importance of

worth

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US / wɜ:θ /

UK / wɚθ /

A2
  • other
  • the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
  • having a particular value, especially in money

income

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US / ˈɪnkʌm /

UK / ˈɪnˌkʌm /

A1
  • noun
  • Earned money from work, investments or business

nobody

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US / ˈnəʊbədi /

UK / ˈnoʊbədi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • No person; no one; not any person

cut

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US / kʌt /

UK / kʌt /

A1
  • noun
  • Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
  • Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
  • A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
  • verb
  • To reduce the size or amount of something
  • To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

necessary

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US / 'nesəsərɪ /

UK / ˈnɛsɪˌsɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Needed or required; unavoidable

raw

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US / rɔ: /

UK / rɔ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
  • Being inexperienced
  • Being in a natural or unchanged state
  • (Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
  • (Of foods) uncooked

expect

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US / ɪk'spekt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To believe something is probably going to happen

blip

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US / blɪp /

UK / blɪp /

C1
  • noun
  • Minor problem, delay that does not last very long
  • verb
  • To cause a brief delay in something

fault

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US / fɔ:lt /

UK / fɔlt /

A2
  • noun
  • A failure or negative aspect of
  • Crack in the earth where earthquakes can happen
  • Responsibility for a bad result or problem
  • verb
  • To blame someone, something for a negative result

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

equity

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US / ˈekwəti /

UK / ˈɛkwɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Condition of people being treated the same
  • Stocks and shares which pay no fixed interest
  • Value of a house, etc., minus the mortgage

generally

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US / /

UK / /

A2
  • adverb
  • Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

stock

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US / stɒk /

UK / stɑk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • (E.g. of a response) standard; usual; not original
  • noun
  • Animals such as cattle kept for breeding
  • Tasty liquid added to stews, soups etc.
  • Merchandise; goods kept by a business for sale
  • Piece of a business, bought in the form of shares
  • verb
  • To keep some of, as items for sale

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

slow

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US / sləʊ /

UK / sloʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
  • (Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
  • Having difficulty understanding simple things
  • Moving or happening without speed; not fast
  • verb
  • To move, with less speed than before
  • To move or go without much speed

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

surprising

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US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
  • verb
  • To do something that another person didn't expect

ceo

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US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

C2
  • abbreviation
  • CEO for Chief Operating Officer

research

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
  • Work done to find or discover knowledge
  • verb
  • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

seven

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US / ˈsevn /

UK / ˈsɛvən /

A1
  • number
  • Number 7

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

record

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US / 'rekɔ:d /

UK / ˈrekərd /

A1
  • noun
  • Highest or most extreme level achieved
  • Round plastic disc on which music has been stored
  • History of a person's past actions or achievements
  • verb
  • To indicate a temperature, speed, etc.; register
  • To write down or say what happened
  • To put music, sounds onto a device to store it

usually

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US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Normally; regularly

pandemic

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US / pæn'demɪk /

UK / pænˈdɛmɪk /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or
  • noun
  • a pandemic disease

canadian

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US / kəˈneɪdiən /

UK / kəˈnediən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Canada
  • noun
  • Person from Canada

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

operate

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US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To control or handle something, such as a machine
  • To control or manage something such as a business
  • To be working or being used
  • To perform surgery on someone

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

reasonable

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US / ˈri:znəbl /

UK / ˈrizənəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being somewhat good, but not great
  • Fair and sensible; appropriate

business

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US / ˈbɪznəs /

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • A company formed for making profit
  • Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
  • Activity of working to make a profit

stark

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US / stɑ:k /

UK / stɑ:rk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Very clear and often unpleasant

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

canada

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US / 'kænədə /

UK / ˈkænədə /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

accelerate

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US / əkˈseləreɪt /

UK / ækˈsɛləˌret /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause to occur earlier than expected
  • To increase the speed or rate of something

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

break

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A1
  • noun
  • Time you stop an activity before continuing
  • End of a relationship
  • An escape from a place such as a jail
  • (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
  • Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
  • Change in the weather
  • verb
  • To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • To form a crack in something
  • To burst or become damaged
  • To end a relationship
  • To escape from a place such as a jail
  • To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
  • To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
  • To act against a law, rule, or promise
  • To become known suddenly, as in the news
  • To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
  • To solve a crime, or answer a problem
  • To stop functioning properly
  • To suddenly start, open or commence
  • To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
  • To fall on the shore, as in waves
  • To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
  • To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

steady

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US / 'stedɪ /

UK / ˈstɛdi /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or developing at a regular rate
  • Continuing without stopping or changing over time
  • Firmly fixed or supported; not likely to fall over
  • noun
  • Your boyfriend or girlfriend
  • verb
  • To make constant, unchanging or staying the same
  • To hold something/someone so they stop moving

fall

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US / fɔ:l /

UK / fɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • A drop in amount; decrease
  • Dropping from a standing position to the ground
  • verb
  • To drop in amount; to decrease
  • To come down from a higher position suddenly
  • To go from standing to the ground, by accident

comprehend

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US / ˌkɒmprɪ'hend /

UK / ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnd /

B1
  • verb
  • To understand the meaning of

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

childcare

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US / ˈtʃaɪldkeə(r) /

UK / ˈtʃaɪldker /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Looking after children and babies
  • noun
  • Looking after children and babies

universal

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US / ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:sl /

UK / ˌjunəˈvɚsəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Existing in all places at all times for all people
  • Done or experienced by everyone
  • noun
  • Things which apply equally to everyone

hundred

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US / 'hʌndrəd /

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

A1
  • number
  • 100

hand

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US / hænd /

UK / hænd /

A1
  • noun
  • Cards given to a player in a card game
  • Piece of a clock that points to the time
  • Someone who performs physical tasks or work
  • Body part at the end of a person's arm
  • Help for someone performing a particular action
  • Condition of having power or influence
  • Member of the crew of a ship
  • verb
  • To give something to someone personally

stall

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US / stɔ:l /

UK / stɔl /

B1
  • noun
  • Walled area in a barn where a farm animal is kept
  • A table where things are sold at a market or fair
  • Small private area in a room for a toilet/shower
  • State in which an engine or machine stops working
  • verb
  • To put animals inside the room where they are kept
  • To stop suddenly because of a problem or issue
  • To try to slow down or cause a delay

away

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US / ə'weɪ /

UK / əˈwe /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not present
  • adverb
  • Disappear completely
  • Doing something with a lot of energy
  • Not here; far from here; in a different direction
  • To a different area, location

behind

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US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a later or slower time than expected
  • Being in a losing position in a sporting event
  • Being in the past; old fashioned
  • adverb
  • Remaining
  • noun
  • The part of the body that one sits on
  • preposition
  • At or toward the back of someone or something
  • Supporting or helping someone

mechanism

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US / 'mekənɪzəm /

UK / ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • System or process for achieving a certain result

willing

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US / 'wɪlɪŋ /

UK / ˈwɪlɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Act of making a choice
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

sixty

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US / 'sɪkstɪ /

UK / ˈsɪksti /

A1
  • number
  • 60

percent

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US / pə'sent /

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

A2
  • adverb
  • One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

profitability

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US / ˌprɒfɪtə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlətɪ /

B1
  • noun
  • Degree to which money can be made in business

unlikely

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US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
  • adverb
  • Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

economic

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US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning trade, industry, and money

headline

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US / ˈhedlaɪn /

UK / ˈhedlaɪn /

B2
  • noun
  • Title summarizing a news story
  • verb
  • To be the main performer at a show

interest

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US / 'ɪntrəst /

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
  • Fee for borrowing money
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

month

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US / mʌnθ /

UK / mʌnθ /

A1
  • noun
  • One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

scene

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US / si:n /

UK / sin /

A2
  • noun
  • Incident where someone behaves angrily, badly
  • View that looks like a picture
  • Place where something particular happened
  • Part of an act in a play

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

six

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US / sɪks /

UK / sɪks /

A1
  • number
  • 6

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

corporate

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US / ˈkɔ:pərət /

UK / ˈkɔrpərɪt, ˈkɔrprɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning (usually large) companies

cover

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US / 'kʌvə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • A different version of another song
  • Bed sheets; blankets
  • (Police or military) protection from attack
  • Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
  • Thing you put over something to close or hide it
  • Front and back part of a book or magazine
  • Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
  • verb
  • To record a different version of another song
  • To include as part of its area
  • To put something over something to hide it
  • To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
  • To form a layer over something so it is hidden
  • To have sufficient funds to pay for something
  • To include something within an agreed limit
  • To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
  • (Police or military) to protect from attack
  • To travel a certain distance in a given time
  • To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

accord

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US / ə'kɔ:d /

UK / əˈkɔ:rd /

B1
  • noun
  • Agreement or harmony
  • An agreement or treaty between countries
  • verb
  • To be in harmony or agreement; consent
  • To give (someone) the respect due to them

costly

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US / 'kɒstlɪ /

UK / ˈkɔstli /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very expensive, often wasteful

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

turnover

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US / ˈtɜ:nəʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈtɜ:rnoʊvə(r) /

B1
  • noun
  • the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people
  • the amount of business that a company does in a period of time

calculate

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US / 'kælkjʊleɪt /

UK / ˈkælkjəˌlet /

B2
  • verb
  • To find an answer using mathematics
  • To make an educated guess about something

raise

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US / reɪz /

UK / rez /

A1
  • noun
  • Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
  • Pay increase
  • verb
  • To increase a bet above another when playing cards
  • To gather donations for a cause or charity
  • To bring up and educate a child to maturity
  • To bring a dead person to life
  • To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
  • To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
  • To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
  • To increase (salary, etc.)
  • To grow or care for plants or animals

social

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US / ˈsəuʃəl /

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • Liking being with other people; friendly
  • Living together and depending on each other

often

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US / ˈɔfən /

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Many times; frequently; on many occasions

focus

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US / 'fəʊkəs /

UK / ˈfokəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Main purpose or center of interest or activity
  • verb
  • To see clearly by adjusting your eyes or a camera
  • To keep your attention, concentration on one thing

rack

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US / ræk /

UK / ræk /

B1
  • noun
  • A frame, stand, hook on which things are hung
  • verb
  • To cause someone pain or suffering

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

institute

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US / 'ɪnstɪtju:t /

UK / ˈɪnstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut /

A2
  • noun
  • Organization studying science, engineering etc.
  • verb
  • To start or commence doing, e.g. a business plan

figure

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US / ˈfiɡə /

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Your body shape
  • Numbers in a calculation
  • Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
  • Picture or diagram giving information in a text
  • Person who is very important or famous
  • Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
  • Amount that is expressed in numbers
  • verb
  • To appear in a game, play or event
  • To calculate how much something will cost
  • To understand after thinking; work out

everyone

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US / ˈevriwʌn /

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everybody

country

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US / ˈkʌntri /

UK / ˈkʌntri /

A1
  • noun
  • An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • Open land that is away from towns and cities

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

worker

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US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who works

bump

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US / bʌmp /

UK / bʌmp /

B1
  • noun
  • Act or sound of one solid object hitting another
  • Raised area on any smooth surface
  • verb
  • To bounce along over a rough surface
  • To knock against with force or violence
  • To move someone to a different group, time or area

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

salary

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US / ˈsæləri /

UK / ˈsæləri, ˈsælri /

A2
  • noun
  • Money an employee is paid each month

dollar

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US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

simple

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US / 'sɪmpl /

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • Having only a few parts; not complex
  • Being ordinary or normal
  • Being plain; without a lot added for style

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

largely

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US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In large part; mainly or chiefly

contradict

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US / ˌkɒntrə'dɪkt /

UK / ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt /

B1
  • verb
  • To say the opposite is so; say something different

nature

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US / 'neɪtʃə(r) /

UK / ˈnetʃɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's character or particular way of behaving
  • Basic look, feel or function of something
  • Physical world, including plants, animals, rocks

option

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US / 'ɒpʃn /

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A choice
  • Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

produce

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US / prə'dju:s /

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

A1
  • noun
  • Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • verb
  • To grow something naturally
  • To make something appear
  • To manufacture something using machines
  • To control the making a movie or television show

excuse

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US / ɪk'skju:s /

UK / ɪkˈskjuz /

A2
  • noun
  • Note explaining why someone cannot do or attend
  • Reason why you did or didn't do something
  • verb
  • To allow someone not to do (jury service, etc.)
  • To explain acting in a bad or impolite manner
  • To forgive someone for something bad or impolite

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

tie

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US / taɪ /

UK / taɪ /

A2
  • noun
  • Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
  • Strong connection between people, countries
  • When both sides in a game, vote get same score
  • One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
  • Something that lessens a person's freedom
  • Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
  • Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
  • verb
  • To attach things (together) with a string or rope
  • To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
  • To require someone to be in a specific place

pretty

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US / 'prɪtɪ /

UK / ˈprɪti /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • adverb
  • Very; to a great degree

pay

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US / peɪ /

UK / pe /

A1
  • noun
  • Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
  • verb
  • To give money for goods or work done
  • To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
  • To be punished or suffer for something you did
  • To make (a visit) to a person or place

teeter

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US / ˈti:tə(r) /

UK / ˈtitɚ /

C2
  • verb
  • To stand or walk moving from side to side

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

notably

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US / ˈnəʊtəbli /

UK / ˈnoʊtəbli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that deserves notice; particularly

top

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US / tɒp /

UK / tɑp /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good or great; excellent
  • Being the most in degree or quality
  • noun
  • Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
  • A cover or lid
  • Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
  • Highest or upper part or point of something
  • Best or highest status or position
  • Flat upper surface or edge of an object
  • Child's toy that spins on its point
  • Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
  • Winning in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To be higher or larger than a specific value
  • To arrive at the highest point of something
  • To put a cover or layer or over something
  • To kill; murder
  • To hold the highest position on a list
  • To be more important, successful or better than
  • To beat someone or win at a game

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

shocking

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US / ˈʃɒkɪŋ /

UK / ˈʃɑkɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very upsetting due to some unexpected event
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

centre

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US / ˈsentə(r) /

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Community place people go health or social reasons
  • Place in the middle of something
  • Person or thing that is attracting attention
  • verb
  • To place a focus on something

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

enrage

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US / ɪnˈreɪdʒ /

UK / ɛnˈredʒ /

B1
  • verb
  • To cause to feel extreme anger

counterintuitive

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US / kaʊntərɪn'tju:ɪtɪv /

UK / ˌkaʊntərɪn'tju:ɪtɪv /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Contrary to what common sense would suggest

fifteen

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US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

UK / fɪfˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 15

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

beyond

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US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

sometimes

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US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only at certain times; occasionally

ten

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US / ten /

UK / tɛn /

A1
  • number
  • 10

policy

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US / 'pɒləsɪ /

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

A2
  • noun
  • Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
  • Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

remunerate

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US / rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt /

UK / rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt /

C1
  • verb
  • To pay someone for their work

nine

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US / naɪn /

UK / naɪn /

A1
  • number
  • 9

hike

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US / haɪk /

UK / haɪk /

B1
  • noun
  • Large and unexpected increase in price, level etc.
  • A long walk in mountains, etc. for exercise
  • Long walk, often in a rural area, for exercise
  • verb
  • To make a large and unexpected increase in a price
  • To take a long walk in mountains etc. for exercise

nineteen

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US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

UK / naɪnˈtin /

A1
  • number
  • 19

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

rare

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US / reə(r) /

UK / rɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
  • Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

relevant

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US / ˈreləvənt /

UK / ˈrɛləvənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an effect on an issue; related or current

couple

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US / 'kʌpl /

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Two people in a romantic relationship
  • Two of something; two people; a pair
  • verb
  • To join something to something else
  • (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
  • To put two people or things together

unemployment

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US / ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt /

UK / ˌʌnɛmˈplɔɪmənt,-ɪm- /

B1
  • noun
  • Number of people without jobs in a country
  • State of not having a job

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

forty

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US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

UK / ˈfɔrti /

A1
  • number
  • 40

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

recession

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US / rɪˈseʃn /

UK / rɪˈsɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of moving backward gradually
  • Decreased business activity, when work is scarce

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

critic

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US / 'krɪtɪk /

UK / ˈkrɪtɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who judges (e.g. art) and gives opinions

money

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US / 'mʌnɪ /

UK / ˈmʌni /

A1
  • noun
  • Coins or notes we use to pay for things

environmental

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US / ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl /

UK / ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the natural world of plants and animals

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

consecutive

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US / kənˈsekjətɪv /

UK / kənˈsɛkjətɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Following one after the other in order

trajectory

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US / trə'dʒektərɪ /

UK / trəˈdʒɛktəri /

B2
  • noun
  • The path followed by a flying object

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

share

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US / ʃeə(r) /

UK / ʃɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part-ownership in a property, business or company
  • Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
  • verb
  • To divide something between two or more people
  • To allow others to use your things equally
  • To give information, etc. to someone

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

certainly

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US / ˈsə:tnli /

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Sure; of course

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

steeply

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US / sti:plɪ /

UK / ˈstɪplɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • (Of a road, mountain) inclining quickly

third

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US / θɜ:d /

UK / θɜ:rd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 3rd: Number after second

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

politician

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US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone whose job is in politics

past

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US / pɑ:st /

UK / pæst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • No longer current or new
  • adverb
  • So as to go beyond, or further than something
  • noun
  • Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
  • preposition
  • After a particular time
  • At a later point in distance; beyond

inflation

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US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of filling something with air or gas
  • Continual rise in the prices of products

thousand

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US / ˈθaʊznd /

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1,000

appear

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US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

skill

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US / skɪl /

UK / skɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to do something well

concern

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US / kənˈsɜ:n /

UK / kənˈsɚn /

A2
  • noun
  • Company, firm or business
  • Feeling of worry or anxiety
  • verb
  • To be about a particular topic
  • To have a direct impact on someone
  • To be responsible or mixed up in; to be involved
  • To feel worry or anxiety

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

dropout

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US / ˈdrɒpaʊt /

UK / ˈdrɑpˌaʊt /

C2
  • noun
  • One quitting school before graduation

upward

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US / ˈʌpwəd /

UK / ˈʌpwərd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Toward some higher point or position

eat

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US / i:t /

UK / it /

A1
  • verb
  • To put food in your mouth

debt

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US / det /

UK / dɛt /

A2
  • noun
  • Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

wait

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US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A1
  • verb
  • To delay or not do something until later
  • To spend time until an expected thing happens
  • To remain in a place until a thing happens

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

performance

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US / pə'fɔ:məns /

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of doing something
  • Activity done to entertain an audience

global

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US / ˈgləʊbl /

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
  • Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

science

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US / 'saɪəns /

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Study of the physical world, based on facts

benchmark

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US / ˈbentʃmɑ:k /

UK / ˈbentʃmɑ:rk /

B2
  • noun
  • Standard by which other similar things are judged

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

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  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
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new

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US / nju: /

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  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
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stem

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US / stem /

UK / stɛm /

B1
  • noun
  • Long thin central part of a plant, bearing leaves
  • Long thin part supporting something e.g. a light
  • Main part of a word, e.g. 'use' in 'useful'
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  • To remove the stem of a flower or fruit
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macdonald

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revenue

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  • Money that is made by or paid to a business
  • Money a government collects from its people

housing

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US / ˈhaʊzɪŋ /

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  • noun
  • Homes; houses in general
  • Cover for a machine
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  • To give someone a place to live
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million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

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  • number
  • 1,000,000

disgusting

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US / dɪsˈgʌstɪŋ /

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B2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a very bad taste
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  • To cause a strong negative reaction or feeling

lay

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  • adjecitve
  • Amateur; not being a trained priest
  • verb
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true

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  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

bonus

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US / ˈbəʊnəs /

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  • noun
  • Extra money for achieving, exceeding targets

tax

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US / tæks /

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  • noun
  • Money taken by a government from its people
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  • To require a lot of physical or mental effort
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itself

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US / ɪtˈself /

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  • pronoun
  • Referring to it

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

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  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
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rough

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  • adjecitve
  • Causing or involving violence, force, and harm
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four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

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  • number
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supply

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US / sə'plaɪ /

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  • noun
  • Availability of products and services for use
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case

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  • noun
  • Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
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  • To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

annual

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US / ˈænjuəl /

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A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening once a year, or every year
  • noun
  • Book (in a series) released each year

norm

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US / nɔ:m /

UK / nɔ:rm /

B1
  • noun
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
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  • To make something average (statistics)

then

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US / ðen /

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  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
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even

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US / 'i:vn /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
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  • adverb
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  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
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percentage

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US / pəˈsentɪdʒ /

UK / pərˈsentɪdʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a whole divided into hundredths

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
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  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
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again

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US / ə'ɡen /

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A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

fire

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US / 'faɪə(r) /

UK / faɪr /

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  • noun
  • Heat and the flame produced when burning
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  • verb
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profit

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US / 'prɒfɪt /

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

A2
  • noun
  • Benefit from doing something
  • Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
  • verb
  • To be a benefit to someone
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own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
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  • To have something as your property

flexible

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US / ˈfleksəbl /

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  • adjecitve
  • Bending easily
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enough

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US / ɪˈnʌf /

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sufficient to answer the need
  • adverb
  • To a satisfactory degree
  • pronoun
  • Equal to what is needed; as much as required
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particularly

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US / pəˈtikjuləli /

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Specially; more than others

down

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US / daʊn /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
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  • adverb
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  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
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  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

about

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A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
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  • Strong
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  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
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  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

get

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A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
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  • To go somewhere to obtain something
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  • To currently have
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what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

growth

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US / grəʊθ /

UK / groʊθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Improvement, development in a skill over time
  • A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
  • Act of growing

absolutely

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US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

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  • adverb
  • Completely; totally; very

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

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  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

find

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  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
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happen

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UK / ˈhæpən /

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  • verb
  • To take place or occur

total

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  • adjecitve
  • Complete
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  • verb
  • To damage a car beyond repair

first

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  • adjecitve
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  • Position of the winner of a competition

bill

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US / bɪl /

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  • noun
  • Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
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  • Paper money; a bank note
  • Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
  • Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To request payment by handing over an invoice

energy

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US / 'enədʒɪ /

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

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  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

nothing

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US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

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  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

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  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

argue

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US / ˈɑ:gju: /

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

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  • verb
  • To fight or disagree over something
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hit

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  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
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  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
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  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
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  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

tell

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US / tel /

UK / tɛl /

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  • verb
  • To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • To be able to guess
  • To say or communicate information to someone
  • To inform, but without speaking; indicate
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  • To order someone to do something; command
  • To recognize something based on certain signs
  • To report something to an authority
  • To explain something or teach someone something

like

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  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
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  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

shrink

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UK / ʃrɪŋk /

B1
  • noun
  • A rude name for a psychiatrist
  • other
  • To make something smaller than it was before
  • verb
  • To become smaller
  • To make or become smaller than it was before

hardly

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US / ˈhɑ:dli /

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A2
  • adverb
  • Clearly or undoubtedly not; very little
  • Almost not; scarcely
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The rising CEO pay in Canada has once again sparked outrage and drawn attention to the huge disparity between the earnings of CEOs and the average worker. A new report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives reveals that the top 100 CEOs in the country earned an average of $14.9 million in 2022, while the average Canadian worker made around $60,000. This staggering gap, which has been growing at an alarming rate, has further fueled the debate on income inequality. In this article, we delve deeper into the findings of the report, exploring the reasons behind the skyrocketing CEO pay and its implications for the average Canadian struggling to make ends meet.The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives is a renowned research institute that focuses on social, economic, and environmental justice. Their annual report sheds light on the concerning trend of increasing CEO compensation. In 2022, the average raise for CEOs was $623,000, representing a 4.4% increase from the previous year. On the other hand, the average raise for Canadian workers was a modest 3%, resulting in earnings of around $60,000. This stark contrast between the two groups paints a stark picture of the growing income inequality in the country.To put it into perspective, the average Canadian worker earns approximately 246 times less than the top CEOs. This extreme discrepancy raises important questions about the fairness of the compensation system and the values it represents. The report also reveals that the top ten CEOs earned over $20 million each in the 2022 tax year. Such exorbitant incomes have rightly fueled public anger and frustration.The report does not merely highlight the growing wealth gap in the country but also raises concerns about the overall implications of such disparity. While CEOs continue to experience significant increases in their pay, many Canadians struggle to meet their everyday expenses. This contrast becomes even more pronounced during times of economic hardship, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, when the average Canadian faces financial challenges and job insecurity.So why is CEO pay soaring while the average worker's earnings remain stagnant? The report suggests various factors contributing to this phenomenon. One possible explanation is the power dynamics within corporations, where executives often have the final say in determining their own compensation. Additionally, the pressure to attract and retain top talent is often used as justification for exorbitant CEO pay. However, critics argue that such high salaries are not justified and that they reflect a system that prioritizes wealth accumulation at the expense of workers and social equality.The report serves as a call to action for policymakers, urging them to address income inequality and enact measures that promote fairer distribution of wealth. It also invites discussions on alternative models of compensation that prioritize the well-being of workers and contribute to a more equitable society.In conclusion, the widening gap between CEO pay and the earnings of the average Canadian worker is a cause for concern. As CEO salaries reach record-breaking levels, it becomes increasingly important to examine the underlying reasons behind this trend and the possible consequences it has on society. Taking steps towards a more equitable compensation system is essential to ensure a fairer and more prosperous future for all Canadians.
  • Subtitles section
  • A new report about CEO pay is making headlines.
  • Again.
  • And highlighting just how much more CEOs make than the rest of us.
  • Again.
  • And it's record breaking.
  • Again.
  • It's disgusting now where the pay equity is.
  • Nobody really needs all that money.
  • At this point, eat the rich.
  • You know, just eat the rich.
  • But what does this report tell us about how CEO pay works and why it's rising so much, even as, and sometimes especially when, the average Canadian is struggling to pay their bills?
  • Okay, it's hardly surprising that CEOs make a lot more than the average worker.
  • But that gap between what the top CEOs earn and what the average worker makes in this country is growing at a shocking rate.
  • So let's look at this year's annual report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, which classifies itself as a research institute focused on social, economic, and environmental justice.
  • These researchers found the average working Canadian made around sixty thousand dollars in twenty twenty two.
  • That's with an average raise of three percent from the year before.
  • The top one hundred CEOs, on the other hand, made on average a staggering fourteen point nine million dollars, an all time high.
  • And that's with an average raise of six hundred and twenty three thousand from the year before, or four point four percent.
  • That's a big gap.
  • Sixty thousand to almost fifteen million.
  • And kind of hard to comprehend.
  • But think of it this way.
  • It's two hundred and forty six times more than the average person.
  • Check out the top ten.
  • These executives all made more than twenty million dollars in the twenty twenty two tax year, according to the report.
  • It's absolutely enraging.
  • I mean, we're living at a time where the cost of living has been very challenging for most Canadians in terms of, you know, now what they have to pay for their homes and their mortgages.
  • And then in the middle of all of that, we have, you know, CEO pay running away.
  • And things get even more stark when you factor in inflation, which was six point eight percent on average in twenty twenty two.
  • In real terms, that means the average worker actually took a pay cut of about four percent.
  • Of course, inflation affects everyone, including CEOs, but it doesn't affect everyone the same.
  • The report puts it this way.
  • The headline inflation figure is much less relevant for CEOs since they are unlikely to spend their entire pay package and they certainly don't buy the same goods and services as average Canadians.
  • It appears many Canadians have racked up costly debt.
  • It's just ridiculous.
  • Housing is too expensive.
  • Food is too expensive.
  • Childcare is too expensive.
  • And here's the thing, this isn't just a blip.
  • CEO pay has been rising steeply over the last few years.
  • Look at this graph.
  • Back in oh wait, the top one hundred CEOs made seven point four million dollars on average, half of what they made in twenty twenty two.
  • And since oh wait, it's been a pretty steady incline and nothing, not even a pandemic or a slowing economy has stalled it.
  • In fact, it's accelerating.
  • There is an underlining of this story, Hillary, and it's the same one every year that the rich are getting richer.
  • CEOs often make a salary, but usually it's a fraction of their overall pay package.
  • The way that it's laid out in the CCPA report shows the average salary for these top CEOs was about one point two million in twenty twenty two.
  • But their average total compensation was, as we said, fourteen point nine million.
  • And that's because a huge percentage of their income came instead from what's known as incentive pay.
  • Things like profit sharing, stock options and bonuses.
  • Bonuses are a pretty universal mechanism used to incentivize good performance.
  • For CEOs, it's generally tied to their company's performance, things like revenue and profit.
  • In the very simplest of terms, higher revenue and profit usually mean CEOs take home more.
  • Now, it's important to note that most regular workers also get non salary benefits too, including bonuses, and those weren't included in this report.
  • What is happening is that wages as a share of total compensation is actually falling.
  • People get more fringe benefits in the form of insurance, in the form of flexible hours, etc., etc., a thing that employers pay for, but are considered compensation.
  • But the average bonus for a regular worker is certainly not over eighty percent of their salary.
  • In many cases, that's more like ten percent.
  • If you live in Canada, the last couple of years have been pretty rough all around.
  • The Bank of Canada has raised its benchmark interest rate.
  • Growth in Canada's economy is slowing down.
  • For the third consecutive month, the unemployment rate rose.
  • It seems a bit counterintuitive that a struggling country would produce record high CEO bonuses year after year.
  • But there's a lot of factors that play into this behind the scenes, most notably over the last two years.
  • Inflation.
  • Inflation in Canada has hit eight point one percent, higher than at any time since nineteen eighty three.
  • Companies across Canada have raised their prices substantially over the past few years.
  • And some of that was needed to cover their own costs because they too are paying more for things like energy and raw materials.
  • But this report suggests those price hikes may have been above and beyond what was necessary.
  • CEOs and the companies have argued that inflation is not their fault.
  • They're just raising prices because their own costs are going up.
  • That's not what the data says.
  • That's David MacDonald, the author of this report, which has been an annual look at CEO pay in Canada for about fifteen years.
  • The data says profits are also going up, and they are being remunerated as if every dollar of these inflation driven profits are their doing.
  • This report suggests many of these companies use inflation as cover, as an excuse to raise consumer prices even higher in order to bump up their profits.
  • It's something politicians have also been concerned about, particularly when it comes to necessities, like food.
  • How much profit is too much profit?
  • How much is enough?
  • You're making more than you've ever made ever, ever.
  • And you've not contradicted that point because we know it's true.
  • Reasonable profitability is an important part of operating a successful business.
  • And of course, as profits rose, CEO bonuses skyrocketed too.
  • This is largely a story about inflation, as it was last year.
  • So inflation exploded corporate profits.
  • They're at record highs.
  • Profit margins are at all time highs.
  • We're just way outside of the norms.
  • But here's the thing.
  • This report also shows even when companies aren't making record profits, bonuses for these top CEOs still appear to be on an upward trajectory.
  • This is the nature of bonuses.
  • They're one way only.
  • They go up when times are good and when times are bad, you just change the way they're calculated so that they don't go down.
  • Critics of the report, though, make this point.
  • When things do go really wrong, CEOs are often the first to be fired or pushed out.
  • So while their bonuses may not be shrinking, they're almost always at risk of losing the job.
  • This is what I did in my study is look at the rate of turnover in CEOs.
  • And for Canada, the first year after, forty percent of the top one hundred CEOs have been fired.
  • Their pay went down massively once fired.
  • It's also worth considering the issue of supply and demand.
  • How many people have the skills needed to make these companies competitive in a global economy?
  • Back in the sixties, you could find CEOs.
  • that were high school dropouts.
  • Today you find CEOs who have a larger share of CEOs have M.A.
  • 's, M.Sc.
  • 's, Ph.D.
  • 's in STEMs.
  • So they're in harder sciences and harder domain.
  • It's rare to find individuals who have multiple sets of skills like that.
  • And of course, the harder it is to find a competitive CEO, the more companies are willing to pay them.
  • So as Canada continues to teeter on the edge of a recession and the economy continues to slow, don't expect CEOs to make any less than they are now.