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Why It Looks Like Milei's Reforms Might Actually Be Working

Original YouTube Video | TLDRnewsGLOBAL Published on 2024-04-09 Level：93 Speed：42 maxwordlevel：29

Video vocabulary

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

online

US / ˌɒnˈlaɪn /

•

UK / ˌɑ:nˈlaɪn /

adjecitve
Connected to the internet

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

blue

US / blu: /

•

UK / blu /

adjecitve
Color of the clear sky
Feeling sad or down

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

politic

US / ˈpɒlətɪk /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪtɪk /

adjecitve
Careful what you say; diplomatic

privatize

US / ˈpraɪvətaɪz /

•

UK / ˈpraɪvəˌtaɪz /

verb
To sell a government-owned company to the public

devalue

US / ˌdi:'vælju: /

•

UK / diˈvælju /

verb
To reduce the value or worth of a currency, etc.

provincial

US / prəˈvɪnʃl /

•

UK / prəˈvɪnʃəl /

adjecitve
People living out of a main city
Unsophisticated; narrow-minded

notify

US / 'nəʊtɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈnotəˌfaɪ /

verb
To inform; to communicate specific information

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

overspend

US / ˈəʊvəspend , ˌəʊvəˈspend /

•

UK / ˈoʊvərspend , ˌoʊvərˈspend /

verb
To spend more money than you have, had budgeted

email

US / 'i:meɪl /

•

UK / 'i:meɪl /

noun
A message like a letter sent by computer or phone
verb
To send an electronic letter via computer or phone

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

silly

US / 'sɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪli /

adjecitve
Careless
Acting funny or playfully
Not being serious or important

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

pragmatism

US / ˈprægmətɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈpræɡməˌtɪzəm /

noun
Dealing with problems reasonably and practically

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

resist

US / rɪ'zɪst /

•

UK / rɪˈzɪst /

verb
To not be affected by e.g. a force or an effect
To fight or prevent something from happening
To refuse to accept something new or different
To stop yourself from doing, e.g. eating something

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

paradoxically

US / ˌpærə'dɒksɪklɪ /

•

UK / ˌpærə'dɒksɪklɪ /

adverb
Surprisingly; so as to contain two opposing ideas

reform

US / rɪ'fɔ:m /

•

UK / rɪˈfɔrm /

noun
An improvement, especially in a person's behaviour or in the structure of something
verb
To re-shape something to a better condition
To (cause to) lead a non-criminal life
To improve society by removing abuse/injustice
To re-shape something into a different form

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

against

US / əˈgenst /

•

UK / əˈɡenst /

preposition
In physical contact with, as for support; next to
In opposition to; disagreeing with

urgent

US / ˈɜ:dʒənt /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rdʒənt /

adjecitve
Very important and needing immediate attention
That needs to be done quickly

achieve

US / ə'tʃi:v /

•

UK / əˈtʃiv /

verb
To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

suite

US / swi:t /

•

UK / swit /

noun
Group of several shorter pieces of music
Set of rooms used for a particular purpose
A set of matching chairs and sofa

measure

US / ˈmeʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛʒɚ /

noun
Plan to achieve a desired result
Tool used to calculate the size of something
verb
To determine the value or importance of something
To calculate size, weight or temperature of

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

final

US / ˈfaɪnl /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

adjecitve
That will not be changed; permanent
Being the last thing in a series
noun
Last game in a series in a competition

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

establishment

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt /

noun
Act, process of starting an organization or system
Organization, institution or place to do business
Group of people holding great power and influence

invaluable

US / ɪnˈvæljuəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈvæljuəbəl /

adjecitve
Priceless; cannot be assessed in money

protection

US / prəˈtekʃn /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkʃən /

noun
Being kept from harm
Something that defends against harm or danger

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

decree

US / dɪ'kri: /

•

UK / dɪˈkri /

noun
Official order issued by an authority
verb
To give an order as an authority

unify

US / 'ju:nɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈjunəˌfaɪ /

verb
To bring or join together into one

exchange

US / ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / ɪksˈtʃendʒ /

noun
Sharing/directing a look, etc. at someone else
Short discussion or talk
The place you can change money to another currency
Place where things or services are exchanged
Act of returning something to a store
Act of giving a thing in return for another thing
verb
To share (a look, a few words etc.)
To sell one currency to get another
To return something to a store
To give things of similar value to each other

sharp

US / ʃɑ:p /

•

UK / ʃɑrp /

adjecitve
Being very clear and easy to see
(Of clothes) nicely or stylishly
Being able to think, see, or understand quickly
Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut
Requiring a quick or sudden change in direction
Having a flavor that is very strong and distinct
adverb
At precisely the time given
Suddenly; immediately (of directions)
noun
Person's name
A musical tone

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

objective

US / əbˈdʒektɪv /

•

UK / əbˈdʒɛktɪv /

adjecitve
Being real, rather than simply being an idea
noun
Something you decide you want to do; goal

javier

US / ˈdʒɔ:nti /

•

UK / ˈdʒɔnti /

blame

US / bleɪm /

•

UK / blem /

noun
Act of saying someone did something bad
verb
To say someone is responsible for something bad

charge

US / tʃɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / tʃɑrdʒ /

noun
An attack by running quickly toward someone
A price for a service or goods
When a battery has a certain amount of electricity
Amount of money you pay for a service
verb
To run quickly toward someone to attack them
To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
To put electricity in a battery
To give responsibility to take care of or manage
To state that someone has committed a crime

surplus

US / ˈsɜ:pləs /

•

UK / ˈsɚpləs, -ˌplʌs /

adjecitve
More than is needed or wanted
noun
Extra amount of something above what you need

subsidy

US / 'sʌbsədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌbsɪdi /

noun
Money paid to keep the cost or price affordable

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

legislative

US / ˈledʒɪslətɪv /

•

UK / ˈlɛdʒɪˌsletɪv /

adjecitve
Having the power or ability to make laws
Concerning making laws

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

modern

US / ˈmɔdən /

•

UK / ˈmɑdən /

adjecitve
Of the present time; up to date; contemporary

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

sufficiently

US / sə'fɪʃntlɪ /

•

UK / səˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

adverb
To a degree great enough to do something

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

package

US / ˈpækɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈpækɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Presented as one item but includes several
noun
Box or container items are placed in for mailing
A container for items for sale, e.g. food
Group of several items or services offered as one
verb
To present or sell a group of things as one item
To put something into a container to store it

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

scrap

US / skræp /

•

UK / skræp /

adjecitve
Unneeded and thrown away
noun
A fight with someone
Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
other
Wasted things such as metal
verb
To fight with someone

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

turmoil

US / ˈtɜ:mɔɪl /

•

UK / ˈtɚˌmɔɪl /

noun
Very confused situation where things are not clear

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

website

US / ˈwebsaɪt /

•

UK / 'websaɪt /

noun
Collection of webpages in one location

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

inevitable

US / ɪnˈevɪtəbl /

•

UK / ɪnˈɛvɪtəbəl /

adjecitve
That must happen; certain to happen

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

responsible

US / rɪ'spɒnsəbl /

•

UK / rɪˈspɑnsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being the cause of something that has occurred
Having the duty of dealing with something
Able to be trusted to do what needs to be done

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

communist

US / ˈkɒmjənɪst /

•

UK / ˈkɑmjənɪst /

adjecitve
Believer in communism

broadly

US / ˈbrɔ:dli /

•

UK / ˈbrɔdlɪ /

adverb
In a general (not detailed) manner

stream

US / stri:m /

•

UK / strim /

noun
Classes split into ability levels
A small river
verb
To send a constant flow of data over the internet
To split classes or students into ability levels

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

overall

US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

adjecitve
Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

line

US / laɪn /

•

UK / laɪn /

noun
Border that divides two places or regions
Long crease in the skin, often from age
Mark that is long, straight and very thin
Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
Telephone connection
People waiting one behind the other; queue
Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
verb
To put material along the inside of something

indeed

US / ɪnˈdi:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈdid /

adverb
Actually; in fact; in reality

thereby

US / ˈðɛəbai /

•

UK / ðɛrˈbaɪ /

adverb
By that means; because of that

rid

US / rɪd /

•

UK / rɪd /

verb
To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

clock

US / klɒk /

•

UK / klɑ:k /

noun
A device that shows the time
verb
To measure the time something takes

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

digital

US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

•

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

adjecitve
Using electronic signals or computers

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

safe

US / seɪf /

•

UK / sef /

noun
Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
adjecitve
Highly likely
Being out of danger

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

debate

US / dɪ'beɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈbet /

noun
General public discussion of a topic
A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
verb
To consider options before making a decision
To take part in a formal discussion

debt

US / det /

•

UK / dɛt /

noun
Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

print

US / prɪnt /

•

UK / prɪnt /

noun
Process of making books, magazines etc.
verb
To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
To write individual letters by hand in capitals

premiership

US / ˈpremiəʃɪp /

•

UK / prɪˈmɪrʃɪp /

noun
English football's top soccer league
The office of Leader of a country

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

normal

US / 'nɔ:ml /

•

UK / ˈnɔrməl /

adjecitve
Standard or regular way of doing something
Having standard mental or physical ability, health

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

argentina

US / ˌɑ:dʒənˈti:nə /

•

UK / ˌɑrdʒənˈtinə /

noun
A republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America
other
Type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

politician

US / ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Someone whose job is in politics

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

warn

US / wɔ:n /

•

UK / wɔrn /

verb
To tell someone about possible danger

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

massive

US / ˈmæsɪv /

•

UK / ˈmæsɪv /

adjecitve
Very big; large; too big

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

tool

US / tu:l /

•

UK / tul /

noun
Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
verb
To provide a workshop with the right equipment

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

credential

US / krəˈdenʃl /

•

UK / krɪˈdɛnʃəl /

noun
Proof of identity or qualifications

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

inflation

US / ɪn'fleɪʃn /

•

UK / ɪnˈfleʃən /

noun
Act of filling something with air or gas
Continual rise in the prices of products

race

US / reɪs /

•

UK / res /

noun
Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
People who share physical features or culture
verb
To take part in a running or swimming competition
To move or go at a very fast pace
To take someone, something to a place very quickly

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

currency

US / 'kʌrənsɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənsi, ˈkʌr- /

noun
Widespread acceptance
Money system that a country uses

discount

US / ˈdɪskaʊnt /

•

UK / ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt /

noun
A decrease in the price of something
verb
To consider to be not important or not true
To decrease the price of something
To refuse to accept an idea, suggestion as valid

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

peak

US / pi:k /

•

UK / pik /

noun
Part of a cap that sticks out over your eyes
The very top of a mountain
State when something is at its best
Time or point when the highest level occurs
verb
To reach the highest or best point

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

reward

US / rɪ'wɔ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈwɔrd /

noun
Money given for information about criminals
verb
To give something because of someone's good work
To give someone money for helping the police
To give someone satisfaction for what they did

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

refuse

US / rɪ'fju:z /

•

UK / ˈrefjus /

noun
Garbage, waste
verb
To not accept, allow, or give something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

respect

US / rɪ'spekt /

•

UK / rɪˈspɛkt /

noun
Behavior that follows the established rules
Admiration for someone
Regard or admiration for someone or something
verb
To follow the established rules
To think very highly of another person

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

transaction

US / trænˈzækʃn /

•

UK / trænˈsækʃən, -ˈzæk- /

noun
An exchange in business usually involving money

mainly

US / ˈmeɪnli /

•

UK / ˈmenli /

adverb
Mostly; usually; being the largest part

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

poorly

US / ˈpʊəli: /

•

UK / ˈpʊrli /

adjecitve
Slightly ill; unwell
adverb
Badly; not enough; not sufficient

political

US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

•

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being active or interested in government matters
Diplomatic
Of the system of elections and government
Concerning government or public affairs
Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

deter

US / dɪˈtɜ:(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈtə: /

verb
To stop people doing a thing; stop from happening

uprate

US / ʌpˈreɪt /

•

UK / ʌpˈreɪt /

verb

hacker

US / ˈhækə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhækɚ /

noun
Person accessing computers without permission

devaluation

US / ˌdi:ˌvæljʊ'eɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdi:ˌvæljʊ'eɪʃn /

noun
Reduction of something's value, e.g. a currency

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

thirty

US / 'θɜ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈθə:ti /

number
30

preserve

US / prɪˈzɜ:v /

•

UK / prɪˈzɜ:rv /

noun
Protected area of land with plants and animals
verb
To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
To protect something from harm, loss or damage
To keep or maintain unchanged or perfect

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

rhetoric

US / ˈretərɪk /

•

UK / ˈrɛtərɪk /

noun
The study of public speaking or writing techniques

primary

US / 'praɪmərɪ /

•

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

adjecitve
Most important, most basic or essential
Happening first; earliest
of or for the teaching of young children

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

borrow

US / ˈbɒrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈbɑ:roʊ /

verb
To take and later return something from another
To carry one number to another column when adding

rail

US / reɪl /

•

UK / rel /

noun
Long thin piece of metal, wood as part of a fence
One of two metal tracks along which a train runs
verb
To complain or object forcefully
To give or encircle something with a fence or bar

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

block

US / blɒk /

•

UK / blɑk /

noun
Solid piece of material used for building
A piece of wood, chocolate etc.
Hard piece of wood, stone etc. with straight edges
Building made up of offices or apartments
Area of a city divided by four streets
verb
To stop from going forward or making progress

tend

US / tend /

•

UK / tɛnd /

verb
To move or act in a certain manner
To take care of
To regularly behave in a certain way

threat

US / θret /

•

UK / θrɛt /

noun
Warning of probable trouble
A warning that you may be harmed

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

extent

US / ɪkˈstent /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɛnt /

noun
Point, level or limit to which something reaches
Range or space included in something

denominate

US / dɪˈnɒmɪneɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈnɑ:mɪneɪt /

verb
To assign a name or title to

hint

US / hɪnt /

•

UK / hɪnt /

noun
Helpful piece of information
Tiny quantity or sign of something
verb
To suggest without being direct about it

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

cabinet

US / ˈkæbɪnət /

•

UK / ˈkæbənɪt /

noun
Piece of furniture resembling a cupboard
Group of advisors to a leader of a government

terrible

US / ˈterəbl /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbəl /

adjecitve
Very bad; horrible

serious

US / ˈsɪəriəs /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

adjecitve
Giving something great energy or sincerity
Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
Being sincere about something; not joking

favourable

US / ˈfeɪvərəbl /

•

UK / ˈfeɪvərəbl /

adjecitve
When a good result or positive outcome is likely

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

track

US / træk /

•

UK / træk /

noun
A circular course for running
Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
Often circular course laid out for car racing
One of multiple musical recordings on an album
Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
Metal lines that trains ride on
verb
To use marks to follow a wild animal
To move a certain way/follow a particular course
To record and examine the progress of something

bill

US / bɪl /

•

UK / bɪl /

noun
Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
Sign or poster advertising something
Paper money; a bank note
Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
Person's name
verb
To request payment by handing over an invoice

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

cast

US / kɑ:st /

•

UK / kæst /

noun
People who appear in a play or movie
Small amount of a particular color
Shape to pour hot metal in to create objects
Hard covering put around injured arm, leg etc.
verb
To give specific roles to actors in a movie, play
To describe someone's personality or character
To make objects using a mold
To be presented in a certain way
To send out or direct something
To throw something using a line, e.g. when fishing

president

US / ˈprezɪdənt /

•

UK / ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt /

noun
Person in charge of a country, or organization

hack

US / hæk /

•

UK / hæk /

noun
Dry cough
Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
Writer writing a lot of poor quality work for fees
verb
To illegally access someone else's computer
To cough in a loud dry way
To cut away plants and branches to make a path
To cut something with many irregular blows

secure

US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

•

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

adjecitve
Being attached to something tightly and surely
(Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
verb
To get or achieve something with certainty
To firmly attach something to something else
To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

policy

US / 'pɒləsɪ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪsi /

noun
Document stating terms of an insurance agreement
Course of action proposed by an organization, etc.

moderate

US / ˈmɒdərət /

•

UK / ˈmɑdərɪt /

adjecitve
Being average in quantity or size
verb
To host a meeting or panel discussion
To make something less violent, severe, or strong
To come between people to help solve an argument
To reduce the severity, violence, or strength of

ministry

US / ˈmɪnɪstri /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstri /

noun
Body of religious workers and leaders
Government department, such as Education

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

unofficial

US / ˌʌnəˈfɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌʌnəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
In a properly authorized way

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

office

US / ˈɒfɪs /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

noun
Room or building used for business
Important job position, often in a government

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

trigger

US / 'trɪɡə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtrɪɡɚ /

noun
Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
Device that starts a process
verb
To start a process off e.g. a memory

pain

US / peɪn /

•

UK / pen /

noun
Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
verb
To cause someone to feel upset or worry

landmark

US / ˈlændmɑ:k /

•

UK / ˈlændmɑ:rk /

noun
Event that marks a change or turning point
Easily recognizable structure that is easy to see

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

governor

US / ˈgʌvənə(r) /

•

UK / ˈgʌvərnə(r) /

noun
Person who leads a state or province

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

tone

US / təʊn /

•

UK / toʊn /

noun
Atmosphere or feeling in a message
Firmness and strength of the body's muscles
Difference in pitch between musical notes
Specific shade of color
Quality of sound created by a musical instrument
Sound of a voice that reveals emotion or meaning
verb
To increase the quality of muscles by exercise

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

understandable

US / ˌʌndəˈstændəbl /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstændəbəl /

adjecitve
Able to be understood; intelligible
Which would be reasonable in the circumstances

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

nonetheless

US / ˌnʌnðəˈles /

•

UK / ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs /

adverb
In spite of that; nevertheless

release

US / rɪ'li:s /

•

UK / rɪ'li:s /

noun
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

dilemma

US / dɪ'lemə /

•

UK / dɪˈlɛmə /

noun
Position in which you must make difficult choices

caste

US / kɑ:st /

•

UK / kæst /

noun
Social class, e.g. in Hinduism

finance

US / ˈfaɪnæns /

•

UK / fəˈnæns, faɪ-, ˈfaɪˌnæns /

adjecitve
Concerned with money
noun
Control of money a person, business has access to
verb
To support someone or something financially

significantly

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

adverb
In a way that is important or noticeable
In a way that is meaningful

recession

US / rɪˈseʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈsɛʃən /

noun
Act of moving backward gradually
Decreased business activity, when work is scarce

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

approval

US / əˈpru:vl /

•

UK / əˈpruvəl /

noun
Agreement that person/thing is acceptable
Positive opinion of something or someone

administration

US / ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn /

•

UK / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən /

noun
Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
The work of running something, e.g. a business
People managing a business, government etc.

outsider

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪdə(r) /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪdɚ /

noun
Someone who is not part of or accepted in a group

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

status

US / 'steɪtəs /

•

UK / ˈstetəs, ˈstætəs /

noun
Position or rank relative to others in a society
Legal position of a person or thing
Current state or position of a thing

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

throughout

US / θru:ˈaʊt /

•

UK / θruˈaʊt /

adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

monitor

US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /

noun
A senior student at school
Electronic screen on which you can see images
verb
To observe and keep a record of something

presidential

US / ˌprezɪ'denʃl /

•

UK / ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the president

majority

US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

•

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

noun
Amount that is more than half of a group

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

gridlock

US / ˈgrɪdlɒk /

•

UK / ˈgrɪdlɑ:k /

noun
Traffic jam so bad that no movement is possible

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

drastic

US / ˈdræstɪk /

•

UK / ˈdræstɪk /

adjecitve
Serious, severe or extreme

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

terribly

US / ˈterəbli /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbli /

adverb
To an extreme degree; badly; very

election

US / ɪ'lekʃn /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛkʃən /

noun
Process of choosing someone by voting

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

eighteen

US / ˌeɪˈti:n /

•

UK / eˈtin /

number
18

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

introduce

US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

•

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To open an essay to set the scene
To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
To begin the use of a new thing or practice
To make someone known to another by name
To insert or put something inside another thing

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

heavy

US / 'hevɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɛvi /

adjecitve
Greater in amount, degree, or severity than usual
Involving serious or strong emotions
Having a lot of weight

minister

US / 'mɪnɪstə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɪnɪstɚ /

noun
An official who heads a government department
Person who performs Christian services

enact

US / ɪˈnækt /

•

UK / ɛnˈækt /

verb
To make a bill into law
To act or perform, as in a play

peso

US / 'peɪsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈpeso /

noun
Monetary unit of some South American countries

reflect

US / rɪ'flekt /

•

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

verb
To indicate or be a sign of something
To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
To think of something seriously and carefully

web

US / web /

•

UK / wɛb /

noun
Skin between ducks' toes that enables them to swim
Internet's collection of interrelated information
Net made from silk threads produced by spiders
Complicated set of relationships or connections

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

normality

US / nɔ:ˈmæləti /

•

UK / nɔrˈmælɪti /

noun
Standard of being normal

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

responsibility

US / rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ /

•

UK / rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪlɪti /

noun
Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
A thing to be done because it is morally correct
State of being dependable or reliable

patience

US / ˈpeɪʃns /

•

UK / ˈpeʃəns /

noun
Ability to wait without being annoyed

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

network

US / ˈnetwɜ:k /

•

UK / ˈnetwɜ:rk /

noun
Group of computers connected to each other
System of connections
Group who work closely with each other
Group of radio or television stations, programs
verb
To join a group of computers together
To exchange information with colleagues, contacts

congressional

US / kənˈgreʃənl /

•

UK / kənˈɡreʃənl /

adjecitve
Concerning the US congress

billion

US / ˈbɪljən /

•

UK / ˈbɪljən /

noun
Number 1,000,000,000

swap

US / swɒp /

•

UK / swɑp /

noun
A trade or exchange of goods without using money
verb
To exchange goods without spending money; trade

china

US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

•

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

noun
A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
other
High quality porcelain originally made only in China

vote

US / vəʊt /

•

UK / vot /

noun
Act of deciding who to choose in an election
verb
To make a choice for or against, as in an election

electorate

US / ɪˈlektərət /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛktərɪt /

noun
Group of people who may vote in an election

court

US / kɔ:t /

•

UK / kɔrt, kort /

noun
Place king or queen meet people, makes laws etc.
Place where legal cases are decided
Large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball
verb
To act in a way to shows you wish to marry someone
To encourage dangerous behavior
To pay attention to someone to get their support

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

account

US / ə'kaʊnt /

•

UK / əˈkaʊnt /

noun
An advantage
Arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
An invoice for things bought
Arrangement whereby you can use online services
A description, often written, of events; report

journalism

US / ˈdʒɜ:nəlɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈdʒɜ:rnəlɪzəm /

noun
Profession of writing or reporting news

argentinian

US / ˌɑ:dʒən'tɪnɪən /

•

UK / ˌɑ:rdʒən'tɪnɪrn /

noun
A native or inhabitant of Argentina

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

instance

US / 'ɪnstəns /

•

UK / ˈɪnstəns /

noun
An example of something; case
verb
To give as an example of something else

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

spike

US / spaɪk /

•

UK / spaɪk /

noun
The top point in a graph
Long, thin metal rod that ends in a point
verb
To go up to a point on a graph

circulation

US / ˌsɜ:kjəˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌsɚkjəˈleʃən /

noun
Movement of blood through the body
Repeatedly passing items from one person to others

midterm

US / ˌmɪdˈtɜːm /

•

UK / ˌmɪdˈtɜːrm /

noun
Middle period
Test given to students in the middle of a semester

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

radical

US / ˈrædɪkl /

•

UK / ˈrædɪkəl,'rædɪkḷ /

adjecitve
Very new and different from what is traditional
Concerning something's most basic part or form
noun
Person who believes in extreme political change

popularity

US / ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti /

•

UK / ˌpɑ:pjuˈlærəti /

noun
State of being liked or supported by many people

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

yuan

US / jʊ'ɑ:n /

•

UK / juˈɑn, juɑn /

noun
Unit of money in China

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

tank

US / tæŋk /

•

UK / tæŋk /

noun
Container for holding liquid or gas
Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
verb
To fail completely or badly
To deliberately lose a game or contest

protect

US / prə'tekt /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

verb
To defend someone or something from harm or danger

via

US / ˈvaɪə /

•

UK / ˈvaɪə, ˈviə /

preposition
By the means of using something
By going through, by way of

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

competition

US / ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmpɪˈtɪʃən /

noun
Fighting against others to win something

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

dark

US / dɑ:k /

•

UK / dɑrk /

adjecitve
Of a color that is not light
Marked by unhappiness or hopelessness
Having little or no light; not light in color
noun
The time of day when the sky is black

interest

US / 'ɪntrəst /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

noun
Best or most advantageous thing for someone
Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
Fee for borrowing money
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

month

US / mʌnθ /

•

UK / mʌnθ /

noun
One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

serve

US / sɜ:v /

•

UK / sɚv /

verb
To act in a particular position or office
To hit the first ball to an opponent in tennis etc.
To be used for a particular purpose
To give someone food or drinks
To give a person or group a service that is needed
To spend a particular amount of time in prison
To help customers find products and making sales
To give an official paper to appear in court

bilateral

US / ˌbaɪˈlætərəl /

•

UK / baɪˈlætərəl /

adjecitve
Involving two groups of people or two countries

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

unlikely

US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

•

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

adjecitve
Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
adverb
Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

extra

US / 'ekstrə /

•

UK / 'ekstrə /

adjecitve
More than necessary; additional
noun
Items more than you need; additional items
Person who has a small part in a movie
Special version of a newspaper

information

US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

noun
Collection of facts and details about something

omnibus

US / ˈɒmnɪbəs /

•

UK / ˈɑ:mnɪbəs /

noun
Covering or including many points or things in one

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

restart

US / ˌri:ˈstɑ:t /

•

UK / ˌri:ˈstɑ:rt /

verb
To begin working again after it has stopped

undermine

US / ˌʌndəˈmaɪn /

•

UK / ˌʌndərˈmaɪn /

verb
To weaken or destroy secretly and usually slowly

twelve

US / twelv /

•

UK / twɛlv /

number
12

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

electricity

US / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti /

•

UK / ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti,ˌilɛk- /

noun
Energy generated positive and negative charges

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

congress

US / 'kɒŋɡres /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡrɪs /

noun
Meeting of elected or appointed representatives
American governing body of elected representatives

favourite

US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

•

UK / 'fevərɪt /

adjecitve
Best liked or most enjoyed
noun
A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

quote

US / kwəʊt /

•

UK / kwot /

noun
Written statement of the cost of something
The (often wise or famous) words of another person
verb
To tell someone how much a task will cost
To repeat precisely what a person said or wrote

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

fair

US / feə(r) /

•

UK / fɛr /

adjecitve
Neither very good nor very bad; average
(Of skin) light colored; not dark
Quite good; quite a lot
Treating all people the same way
(Of hair) light colored; blonde
(Of weather) sunny; not raining
noun
Event for companies to show their products
Event to sell things to help a charity

price

US / praɪs /

•

UK / praɪs /

noun
Person's name
Cost of something in money
verb
To determine or set the cost of something

millet

US / 'mɪlɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪt /

noun
Type of grass grown for its seeds, which are eaten

poverty

US / ˈpɔvəti /

•

UK / ˈpɑvəti /

noun
State of being poor
Lack of something necessary

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

budget

US / 'bʌdʒɪt /

•

UK / ˈbʌdʒɪt /

adjecitve
Low cost; inexpensive
noun
Amount of money planned to be spent
verb
To make a plan for how to spend your money

investor

US / ɪnˈvestə(r) /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstɚ /

noun
Person who spends money to help businesses grow

leak

US / li:k /

•

UK / lik /

noun
Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
Information released that wasn't supposed to be
verb
(Of a tire) to have air, liquid escaping; (Of air)
To make secret information public
(Liquid) to go out of/get in through crack/opening

regard

US / rɪ'ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrd /

noun
Admiration or respect for a person or thing
verb
To think about a person, thing in a particular way
To look at a person or thing in a particular way

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

attempt

US / ə'tempt /

•

UK / əˈtɛmpt /

noun
Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
verb
To try to do something challenging or difficult

investment

US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

noun
Something purchased hoping its value will increase
Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

import

US / 'ɪmpɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈɪmpɔrt /

noun
Goods brought into a country from another
Importance of a matter or issue
verb
To bring goods from one country into another

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

password

US / 'pɑ:swɜ:d /

•

UK / ˈpæsˌwə:d /

noun
Secret phrase allowing you to get access

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

demand

US / dɪ'mɑ:nd /

•

UK / dɪˈmænd /

noun
Desire customers have to buy product, service
A strong request for someone to do something
verb
To strongly request someone to do something

compromise

US / 'kɒmprəmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz /

noun
When you lessen your demands to get agreement
verb
To weaken your position or views
To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
To put something at risk or in danger

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

predict

US / prɪ'dɪkt /

•

UK / prɪˈdɪkt /

verb
To guess or estimate what will or might happen

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

remarkably

US / rɪ'mɑ:kəblɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈmɑrkəblɪ /

adverb
In an interesting or unexpected manner

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

bank

US / bæŋk /

•

UK / bæŋk /

noun
A financial institution that keeps or lends money
The side of a river
A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
verb
To put or keep your money in a bank
To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

january

US / ˈdʒænjuəri /

•

UK / ˈdʒænjueri /

noun
1st month of the year

insist

US / ɪn'sɪst /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɪst /

verb
To demand that someone do something
To strongly state your opinion without changing it

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

wane

US / weɪn /

•

UK / wen /

verb
To become smaller, weaker or less

relative

US / ˈrelətɪv /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

adjecitve
Measured or considered in comparison to another
(Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
noun
Members of the family
Humans or animals sharing the same family history

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

necessity

US / nəˈsesəti /

•

UK / nəˈsɛsɪti /

noun
Something that you must have or do

bell

US / bel /

•

UK / bɛl /

noun
Metal object shaped like a cup that rings when hit
Electronic device that makes a ringing sound

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

transport

US / ˈtrænspɔ:t /

•

UK / ˈtrænspɔ:rt /

noun
Very strong uncontrollable emotion, e.g. delight
Vehicle used to take soldiers to other places
verb
To carry things from one place to another
To cause to feel you are in a previous time

Subtitles section

This video is brought to you by NordVPN.

We're now just over one hundred days into Javier Millet's premiership and a lot has happened.

Drastic cuts to public spending and a sharp currency devaluation have pushed Argentina's economy into an inflation heavy recession.

And while this was exactly what Millet predicted, he's now in a race against the clock to get Argentina's economy back on track before public patience wanes.

So in this video we're going to have a look at Argentina's economic turmoil, whether Millet's reforms are working and why he's still surprisingly popular.

Before we start if you haven't already please consider subscribing and ringing the bell to stay in the loop and be notified when we release new videos.

So as we see it, Millet had broadly three objectives going into his premiership.

The first was a short term economic goal, to reduce Argentina's fiscal and trade deficits, which mainly involved cutting government spending.

The second was a longer term economic goal, to quote, dollarise the Argentinian economy, in order to prevent future administrations from overspending, or the central bank from printing silly amounts of money, as has happened in the past.

The third and final objective was a political one,

to remain sufficiently popular throughout all of this to actually get his reforms through.

Because in Argentina what often happens is that politicians come into office promising reform but either get voted out of office or give up when their approval ratings start tanking.

So to evaluate his premiership so far we're going to go through these objectives one by one and see how he's doing on each of them.

Let's start with the first one, balancing the books.

When he came to office, Millet had some pretty bold plans.

He wanted to cut government spending by forty percent and run a balanced primary budget in his first year by scrapping all electricity and gas subsidies, getting rid of ten of Argentina's eighteen government ministries and privatising all of Argentina's thirty four state companies.

So, how has this all been working out for him?

Well, in certain respects Millet has been more moderate than his campaign rhetoric suggested.

Millet's first cabinet included a handful of establishment politicians, and his finance minister actually served under former president Mauricio Macri in the late twenty tens, when he was responsible for borrowing a whole load of dollar denominated debt.

which is exactly what Millet doesn't want to do.

Millet has also been unable to enact his most radical policies because his two landmark bills, a series of presidential decrees known as the Urgent Necessity Decree and an economic reform package known as the Omnibus Bill, have been held up in Argentina's Congress and courts.

Provincial governors have also resisted his reforms, which has restarted a long standing debate within Argentina about the extent to which its politics should be federalised.

His foreign policy has also been a bit more moderate than expected, especially with regards to China.

During his campaign he said he would cut trade ties with China because it was communist and quote, an assassin.

But in the past month he's changed his tone, insisting that bilateral relations haven't changed quote, one bit.

and that if people want to do business with China they can.

This is almost definitely because he wants to preserve Argentina's swap line with China, which basically allows the Argentinian central bank to exchange pesos for yuan at a favourable rate and provide an invaluable source of foreign currency.

Nonetheless, despite legislative gridlock and hints of pragmatism, Millais has still introduced at least three pretty radical economic reforms.

First, he significantly cut government spending, which has fallen by twelve percent year on year.

He's achieved this via basically ditching price controls, cutting energy and transport subsidies, and refusing to uprate spending in certain departments with inflation.

Second, he's devalued the peso by roughly fifty percent against the dollar, bringing it closer to the market exchange rate.

For context, for most of modern history, Argentina has had basically two exchange rates, the official rates claimed by the government and the unofficial actual market rate, known as the blue rate.

Before Millet took charge, for instance, the official rate was about three hundred and seventy to the dollar, while the unofficial rate was about one thousand to the dollar.

Millet cut the official rate to eight hundred to the dollar, with plans to devalue it a further two percent every month until it matches the unofficial rate.

While this triggered a spike in inflation which reached a peak of two hundred and seventy six percent in February, in the long term it should eventually unify the currency and reduce imports, thereby improving Argentina's trade balance.

Third, despite rising inflation he's cut interest rates, both to encourage investments and also to reduce the amount of interest the central bank is currently paying on some of its debts, which should paradoxically end up reducing inflation by reducing the overall money supply.

While these measures have caused some serious short term economic pain, including a recession, sky high inflation and a twelve percent spike in relative poverty, this was inevitable, and there are signs of promise.

Measured month on month, inflation has already started falling, and the government ran a budget surplus in both January and February, the first in over a decade.

Argentina's borrowing costs have started falling reflecting growing confidence amongst international investors and Argentina's foreign exchange reserves have grown by seven billion dollars since Mele took over.

So let's move on to his second objective, dollarization.

Dollarization basically involves doing two things.

First you have to re denominate your peso debts into dollars and second you have to buy back all those pesos in circulation with dollars or at least enough of them to deter a bank run.

This means you need a lot of dollars in the first place, roughly fifty billion in Argentina's case, which the state really doesn't have at the moment.

This is why dollarization was never going to happen in the short term, and Millet has since started talking about currency competition instead, which would involve allowing transactions in both dollars and pesos.

Ultimately dollarization looks unlikely to happen any time soon, and will probably come after Millet's other reforms, if he ever gets them through Congress.

Finally, let's have a look at his third objective, staying popular.

Polling at the moment suggests that Millet's popularity has held up remarkably well, and he currently enjoys an approval rating of about fifty percent.

Millet has been able to protect his popularity by blaming any and all of his shortcomings on Argentina's political establishment, which he calls the Caste.

To be fair, Argentina's establishment have done a remarkably terrible job of running its economy and Argentina's Congress, which is currently dominated by more establishment parties, are indeed resisting Millet's more radical reforms.

Nonetheless, blaming everything on the Caste has its risks because it makes Congress less likely to compromise

and at a certain point the electorate will demand he takes responsibility for things.

This presents Millais with a bit of a dilemma going forward.

Either he can refuse to compromise and continue to rail against the cast, in the hope that the electorate will buy it and reward him with a congressional majority at the midterm elections next year, or he can compromise to get at least some of his reforms through, but risk undermining his status as a radical outsider.

Nonetheless, all in all, it's been a pretty good few months for Millet, and Argentina's economy looks like it might finally be tending towards normality.

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