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Why So Many Americans Move To Florida And Not Georgia

Original YouTube Video | GeographyByGeoff Published on 2023-06-05 Level：51 Speed：68 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

century

US / 'sentʃərɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

noun
Period of 100 years

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

last

US / lɑ:st /

•

UK / læst /

adjecitve
Most recent; the latest
The one before
adverb
Final; with nothing following; after all others
Most recent; the latest
determiner
The one at the end
verb
To remain or continue for a certain period of time

prior

US / 'praɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpraɪɚ /

adjecitve
Existing or coming earlier in time
(Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
noun
Monk or priest in charge of a monastery

persecution

US / ˌpɜ:sɪ'kju:ʃn /

•

UK / ˌpə:sɪˈkjuʃən /

noun
Act of treating badly due to race, religion etc.

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

conquistador

US / kɒnˈkwɪstədɔ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑ:nˈkwɪstədɔ:(r) /

noun
Adventurer (especially person who led the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century)

decade

US / ˈdekeɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /

noun
Period of 10 years

draw

US / drɔ: /

•

UK / drɔ /

noun
Something that attracts people to visit a place
A lottery or prize
Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
verb
To attract attention to someone or something
To get closer to or approach something or someone
To influence a person's involvement in something
To move an object by pulling
To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
To take one thing out of a container, etc.
(Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

inbound

US / ˈɪnbaʊnd /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌbaʊnd /

adverb
Directed or moving inward or toward a center

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

tired

US / ˈtaɪəd /

•

UK / ˈtaɪərd /

adjecitve
Without energy so you want to rest or fall asleep
verb
To lose, cause to lose energy so you want to rest

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

location

US / ləʊˈkeɪʃn /

•

UK / loʊˈkeɪʃn /

noun
Particular position or area of place, event, etc.

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

quickly

US / ˈkwɪkli /

•

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

adverb
Without taking a lot of time; fast

center

US / 'sentə /

•

UK / ˈsɛntɚ /

noun
Community place people go health or social reasons
Place in the middle of something
Person or thing that is attracting attention
verb
To direct focus toward something

exist

US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

verb
To be present, alive or real

manage

US / ˈmænɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmænɪdʒ /

verb
To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
To run or operate a business by directing others

distinctive

US / dɪˈstɪŋktɪv /

•

UK / dɪˈstɪŋktɪv /

adjecitve
Having a quality that is different from others

england

US / 'ɪŋɡlənd /

•

UK / ˈɪŋɡlənd /

proper noun
A European country that forms the largest and most southern part of Great Britain and of the United

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

relatively

US / ˈrelətɪvli /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪvlɪ /

adverb
In a manner comparing something to something else

rely

US / rɪ'laɪ /

•

UK / rɪˈlaɪ /

verb
Depend on with full trust or confidence

premium

US / ˈpri:miəm /

•

UK / ˈprimiəm /

adjecitve
Having a higher than normal quality
noun
Money paid as a fee for insurance

waste

US / weɪst /

•

UK / west /

noun
Materials left over after a process has finished
verb
To kill or severely harm someone
To use valuable things ineffectively

away

US / ə'weɪ /

•

UK / əˈwe /

adjecitve
Not present
adverb
Disappear completely
Doing something with a lot of energy
Not here; far from here; in a different direction
To a different area, location

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

ponce

US / pɒns /

•

UK / pɑːns /

noun
Effeminate man fussy in the way he dresses

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

young

US / jʌŋ /

•

UK / jʌŋ /

adjecitve
At an early stage of existence; not mature
Being recently created or started
noun
Babies in a group or family of animals

elderly

US / ˈeldəli /

•

UK / ˈeldərli /

adjecitve
Being very old

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

georgia

US / ˈdʒɔ:dʒə /

•

UK / ˈdʒɔrdʒə /

noun
A republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; formerly
other
A state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

gold

US / gəʊld /

•

UK / goʊld /

noun
Soft yellow metal that is very valuable
Person's name
adjecitve
Dark yellow color often seen in sunsets

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

anytime

US / 'enɪˌtaɪm /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌtaɪm /

adverb
At a time you choose, it's not important when

collaborator

US / kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r) /

•

UK / kəˈlæbəˌretɚ /

noun
Someone who cooperates with an enemy
Someone you are working on a task together with

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

origin

US / ˈɒrɪdʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈɔrədʒɪn,ˈɑr- /

noun
Point at which something begins or is created
Country or social group that a person comes from

peninsula

US / pə'nɪnsjələ /

•

UK / pəˈnɪnsjələ, -sələ /

noun
Narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake

southern

US / ˈsʌðən /

•

UK / ˈsʌðərn /

adjecitve
Concerning a region in the south
Being in or toward the south

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

savannah

US / sə'vænə /

•

UK / sə'vænə /

noun
Flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions

duval

US / duˈvæl /

•

UK / /

colonize

US / 'kɒlənaɪz /

•

UK / ˈkɑləˌnaɪz /

verb
To take control over place and live there

fraction

US / ˈfrækʃn /

•

UK / ˈfrækʃən /

noun
Small part of something

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

land

US / lænd /

•

UK / lænd /

noun
Region or country
Earth; the ground
verb
To arrive or cause a boat to arrive at the shore
To obtain or get something that you wanted
To (cause to) come down to the ground safely
To cause to arrive in a specific place or state

notable

US / ˈnəʊtəbl /

•

UK / ˈnoʊtəbl /

adjecitve
Being famous or well-known
Deserving notice or mention; important

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

specifically

US / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

•

UK / spəˈsɪfɪkli /

adverb
As regards a particular thing; closely related to
In particular

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

unique

US / jʊ'ni:k /

•

UK / juˈnik /

adjecitve
Unlike other things; being the only one like it

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

defend

US / dɪ'fend /

•

UK / dɪˈfɛnd /

verb
To protect and explain your position in court
To protect against an attack
To try to prevent another team from scoring

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

begin

US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

•

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

verb
To do the first part of an action; to start

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

overall

US / ˌəʊvər'ɔ:l /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌrɔl /

adjecitve
Viewed as a whole; in general, not as details

such

US / sʌtʃ /

•

UK / sʌtʃ /

determiner
Being similar to
(Thing) as previously stated or referred to
adverb
(Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

warm

US / wɔ:m /

•

UK / wɔrm /

adjecitve
Friendly, sincere and kind to others
Being friendly or sincere
Slightly hot; not very hot
verb
To become more friendly or to like something
To make something hotter

blink

US / blɪŋk /

•

UK / blɪŋk /

verb
To close and open one or both of the eyes rapidly

hello

US / hə'ləʊ /

•

UK / hɛˈlo, hə- /

exclamation
What you say when you meet someone

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

metropolitan

US / ˌmetrəˈpɒlɪtən /

•

UK / ˌmetrəˈpɑ:lɪtən /

adjecitve
Concerning a very large city

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

solid

US / 'sɒlɪd /

•

UK / ˈsɑlɪd /

adjecitve
Being able to be trusted; reliable
Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
Being well made and expected to last long
Having no space or emptiness inside
Being made entirely of one material or substance
noun
Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

virginia

US / və(:)ˈdʒinjə /

•

UK / vɚˈdʒɪnjə /

other
A state in the eastern United States; one of the original colonies; one of the Confederate States in

worth

US / wɜ:θ /

•

UK / wɚθ /

other
the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
having a particular value, especially in money

destroy

US / dɪ'strɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈstrɔɪ /

verb
To damage so badly that something no longer exists
To defeat someone or something easily
To kill a sick or unwanted animal

hunt

US / hʌnt /

•

UK / hʌnt /

noun
A search for animals to kill for food
Person's name
verb
To search for wild animals to kill (for food)
To look for very carefully; search for

rebel

US / 'rebl /

•

UK / rɪˈbɛl /

noun
Person who fights against established government
Person who insists on doing things their way
verb
To fight against an established government/power
To resist and fight against existing authority

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

unify

US / 'ju:nɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈjunəˌfaɪ /

verb
To bring or join together into one

tribe

US / traɪb /

•

UK / traɪb /

noun
Racial group united by language, religion, customs

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

dramatic

US / drəˈmætɪk /

•

UK / drəˈmætɪk /

adjecitve
Gripping the attention; causing an effect
(Of an event) sudden and extreme

title

US / 'taɪtl /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

noun
Book produced by a publisher
Name given to something to identify or describe it
Name showing profession, marriage or social status
(Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
verb
To give a name to identify or describe something

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

black

US / blæk /

•

UK / blæk /

adjecitve
Color of the sky on a dark night
noun
A person with dark skin, often of African origin
Person's name
verb
To fill in something to make it a very dark color

french

US / frentʃ /

•

UK / frentʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of France
noun
Person's name

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

period

US / ˈpɪəriəd /

•

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

noun
Set amount of time during which events take place
A way to emphasize what you will say
A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
A menstrual cycle
A set time for a class to be held

outpace

US / ˌaʊtˈpeɪs /

•

UK / aʊtˈpes /

verb
To go faster than

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

coordinate

US / kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt /

•

UK / ko'ɔrdəˈnet /

noun
Point on a map defining a location e.g. 135N, 34W
verb
To match styles or colors that go well together
To cause body parts to move smoothly together
To make plans to meet a shared goal
To bring order and organization to something

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

tens

US / tɛnz /

•

UK / tɛnz /

number
10s

constant

US / 'kɒnstənt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnstənt /

adjecitve
Happening frequently or without pause
noun
Thing that happens always or at a regular rate

combination

US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

noun
Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
Act or result of mixing things together

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

system

US / 'sɪstəm /

•

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

adjecitve
Working in an organized, logical way
noun
Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

development

US / dɪ'veləpmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləpmənt /

noun
Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
A new event related to a previous event

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

content

US / 'kɒntent /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /

adjecitve
Being happy or satisfied
noun
Information in something, e.g. book or computer

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

pattern

US / 'pætn /

•

UK / ˈpætən /

noun
Model to follow in making or doing something
Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
Regular repeated behavior
verb
To copy the way something else is made

surprise

US / səˈpraɪz /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪz /

adjecitve
That surprises you; not expected
noun
Something unexpected that slightly shocks you
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

ally

US / 'ælaɪ /

•

UK / 'ælaɪ /

noun
Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
verb
To join a group to offer or receive support

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

metro

US / ˈmetrəʊ /

•

UK / ˈmetroʊ /

noun
Underground railway or subway

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

charlestown

US / /

•

UK / /

proper noun
A neighborhood in northern Boston in Massachusetts, north of the Charles River. Bunker Hill is here.

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

boom

US / bu:m /

•

UK / bum /

noun
Very fast increase in growth or popularity
A very loud and deep sound
verb
To experience a rapid increase in growth
To make a very loud and deep sound

desire

US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

noun
Thing that is wished for or wanted
verb
To wish for, hope or want something

english

US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of England
noun
Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
Person's name

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

technically

US / ˈteknɪkli /

•

UK / ˈtɛknɪkl:ɪ /

adverb
In an exact and particular manner

currently

US / ˈkʌrəntli /

•

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

adverb
Happening or being in the present time

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

mainland

US / 'meɪnlænd /

•

UK / ˈmenˌlænd, -lənd /

noun
Main land mass of a country or continent

respective

US / rɪˈspektɪv /

•

UK / rɪˈspektɪv /

adjecitve
Belonging to each of two or more persons or things

sponsorship

US / ˈspɒnsəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsərʃɪp /

noun
Money given to a student to pay for education

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

interested

US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

adjecitve
Having had your attention taken; curious
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

north

US / nɔ:θ /

•

UK / nɔ:rθ /

adjecitve
Coming from the opposite direction to the south
noun
Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

member

US / ˈmembə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɛmbɚ /

noun
Part of the body of a human, animal
Person or thing belonging to a group or team

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

please

US / pli:z /

•

UK / pliz /

adverb
Used when you politely ask people for things
verb
To entertain someone, by dancing, singing etc.
To make someone happy by doing something

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

emphasis

US / ˈemfəsɪs /

•

UK / ˈɛmfəsɪs /

noun
Special attention, importance, or force
Stress placed on part of a word or phrase

heritage

US / 'herɪtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ /

noun
Traditional beliefs or customs of a culture

income

US / ˈɪnkʌm /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌkʌm /

noun
Earned money from work, investments or business

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

war

US / wɔ:(r) /

•

UK / wɔr /

noun
Situation where armies fight each other

zip

US / zɪp /

•

UK / zɪp /

noun
Energy; vigor; determination
Way to say 'nothing' or 'zero'
Device with interlocking teeth to close pants, etc.
verb
To compress digital documents into one file
To move very quickly in a certain direction
To close using a zipper

considerably

US / kənˈsɪdərəbli /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdərəblɪ /

adverb
Quite a lot; to a large degree

convert

US / kən'vɜ:t /

•

UK / kənˈvɚt /

noun
Person switching from one belief system to another
verb
To switch from a religion, belief etc. to another
To change form, character, or function to another

dictator

US / dɪkˈteɪtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɪkteɪtər /

noun
Ruler who decides everything, and enforces it

differ

US / 'dɪfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɪfɚ /

verb
To be different; to be not like others

friend

US / frend /

•

UK / frɛnd /

noun
Person who you like and enjoy being with

geographically

US / ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪklɪ /

•

UK / dʒɪəˈɡræfɪklɪ /

adverb
With respect to the earth and its natural features

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

sight

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Things or people that one can see
Range or distance that someone can see
Famous places often visited by tourists
Sense that allows you to see
Act of seeing someone or something
verb
To aim (a gun) at something to get your range
To see something rare or unusual

south

US / saʊθ /

•

UK / saʊθ /

adjecitve
Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
Coming from the opposite direction from north
noun
The direction to your right of the rising sun

trial

US / ˈtraɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

adjecitve
Being made or done as a test or experiment
noun
Hearing and judgment of a case in court
Act or process of testing or experimenting
verb
To be made or done as a test or experiment

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

filter

US / 'fɪltə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɪltɚ /

noun
Device to remove certain types of light, sound
Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
verb
To remove certain types of light, sound
To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

subscription

US / səbˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / səbˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Regular payment for a service, magazine etc.

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

james

US / dʒeimz /

•

UK / dʒemz /

proper noun
The name of seven Stuart kings of Scotland.
The name of two kings of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

indigenous

US / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

•

UK / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /

adjecitve
Being naturally from an area, not somewhere else

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

natural

US / ˈnætʃərəl /

•

UK / ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl /

adjecitve
Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
Not made by humans; without human intervention

migration

US / maɪˈgreɪʃn /

•

UK / maɪˈɡreʃən /

noun
Process of moving to live in another place

rate

US / reɪt /

•

UK / ret /

noun
Current price or cost of something
Speed or frequency of events over time
verb
To assess something or consider its qualities

receive

US / rɪ'si:v /

•

UK / rɪˈsiv /

verb
To get something someone has given or sent to you
To allow someone to become a member (of a club)
To welcome someone as a guest into your home
To respond to (e.g. news) in a particular way

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

spanish

US / ˈspænɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈspænɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Spain

answer

US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈænsɚ /

noun
Reply to a question someone asks
Solution to a problem or test question
verb
To reply to a question someone asks
To solve a test question or a problem

click

US / klɪk /

•

UK / klɪk /

noun
The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
A short, slight, and sharp sound
verb
To work well with someone or something
To press a computer mouse
To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

fountain

US / 'faʊntən /

•

UK / ˈfaʊntən /

noun
Structure out of which a jet of water comes

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

manner

US / ˈmænə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmænɚ /

noun
The way a person acts, talks, or behaves
Polite and respectful behavior to others
The way that something happens or is done

regard

US / rɪ'ɡɑ:d /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrd /

noun
Admiration or respect for a person or thing
verb
To think about a person, thing in a particular way
To look at a person or thing in a particular way

specific

US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

•

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

adjecitve
Precise; particular; just about that thing
Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

trader

US / 'treɪdə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtredɚ /

noun
Someone who buys and sells stocks

youth

US / ju:θ /

•

UK / juθ /

noun
Being young; time when you are young
Young person or teenager
Quality or state of being young
Boy or a young man

juan

US / hwɑːn; ˈdʒuːən /

•

UK / wɑːn; hwɑːn /

multiple

US / ˈmʌltɪpl /

•

UK / ˈmʌltəpəl /

adjecitve
Having or involving more than one of something
noun
Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
Shop with many branches

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

spain

US / speɪn /

•

UK / speɪn /

proper noun
A country in southwestern Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian peninsula; population 46

roar

US / rɔ:(r) /

•

UK / rɔr, ror /

noun
A very loud, deep or hearty laugh
A very loud deep powerful shout
Loud, deep, and continuous noise
other
To produce a very loud, deep sound
verb
To laugh in a loud and continuous manner
To shout using a loud deep powerful voice
To make a long loud deep sound as made by a lion

term

US / tɜ:m /

•

UK / tɚm /

noun
Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
Length of time something is expected to happen
Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
The (precise) name given to something
verb
To call; give a name to

welcome

US / 'welkəm /

•

UK / ˈwɛlkəm /

adjecitve
Being what was wanted or needed
noun
Friendly greeting to someone who has arrived
verb
To greet someone who has just arrived
To accept or receive something happily and gladly

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

southeast

US / ˌsaʊθ'i:st /

•

UK / saʊθˈist, saʊˈist /

noun
Location in the southeastern part of an area

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

climate

US / ˈklaɪmət /

•

UK / ˈklaɪmɪt /

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

cuban

US / ˈkju:bən /

•

UK / ˈkjuːbən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Cuba
noun
Person from Cuba

firmly

US / ˈfɜ:mli /

•

UK / ˈfə:mlɪ /

adverb
In a hard, steady, unchanging way

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

sunny

US / 'sʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌni /

adjecitve
Feeling or being cheerful, happy, and friendly
When the sun is bright in the sky

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

british

US / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪtɪʃ /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of British

batista

US / /

•

UK / /

feature

US / 'fi:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfitʃɚ /

adjecitve
Main; important
noun
Special report in a magazine or paper
Distinctive or important point of something
verb
To highlight or give special importance to

fiction

US / ˈfɪkʃn /

•

UK / ˈfɪkʃən /

noun
Made-up stories; imagined events
False statement or account about something

geopolitical

US / ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

•

UK / ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl /

adjecitve
Concerning geopolitics

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

option

US / 'ɒpʃn /

•

UK / ˈɑpʃən /

noun
A choice
Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

april

US / ˈeɪprəl /

•

UK / ˈeɪprəl /

noun
4th month of the year
Person's name

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

journey

US / 'dʒɜ:nɪ /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚni /

noun
Act of traveling from one place to another; trip
verb
To travel through a place

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

geoff

US / hɑ:ˈməʊniəs /

•

UK / hɑrˈmoniəs /

largely

US / ˈlɑ:dʒli /

•

UK / ˈlɑ:rdʒli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

original

US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

•

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

adjecitve
Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
Being unique or thinking differently from others

tampa

US / 'tæmpə /

•

UK / 'tæmpə /

proper noun
A port and resort on the western coast of Florida; population 340,882 (est. 2008).

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

topic

US / 'tɒpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

noun
Subject or issue people talk or write about

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

close

US / kləʊz /

•

UK / kloʊz /

adjecitve
Almost; near
(Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
Being near or related
Similar; nearly the same
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

neighbour

US / 'neɪbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnebɚ /

noun
Person who lives, or is near, you

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

topple

US / ˈtɒpl /

•

UK / ˈtɑ:pl /

verb
To cause a government/leader to be overthrown
To fall over from being unstable
To (cause to) become unstable and fall, e.g. ruler

charter

US / ˈtʃɑ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈtʃɑ:rtə(r) /

noun
Official document giving certain rights to a group
verb
To hire (plane, bus) for your exclusive use

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

african

US / ˈæfrɪkən /

•

UK / ˈæfrɪkən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Africa
noun
Person from Africa

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

effectively

US / ɪˈfektɪvli /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /

adverb
In a way that produces the desired result

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pennsylvania

US / pensɪl'veɪnjə /

•

UK / ˌpensəl'veɪnjə /

other
A Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original colonies

prospect

US / 'prɒspekt /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌpɛkt /

noun
Opportunity or chance for success
Person who is considered for a particular position
verb
To search for minerals such as gold or diamonds

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

leon

US / liːˈɒn /

•

UK / ˈliɑn /

other
A historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

military

US / 'mɪlətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the army or navy
noun
Army or armed forces

medicine

US / ˈmedsn /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪsɪn /

noun
Something used in treating illness or pain
Science of preventing, treating, or curing disease

space

US / speɪs /

•

UK / spes /

noun
Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
Empty area with nothing in it
Area in the sky where the stars are
Area between written words on a page
verb
To make a certain distance or time between

territory

US / 'terətrɪ /

•

UK / ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

noun
Area of land defended by an animal
Area of particular knowledge or experience
Area owned or controlled by a government, person
Area of land with a specific defining feature

whereas

US / ˌweərˈæz /

•

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

conjunction
Taking into consideration the fact that

castro

US / ˈkæstroʊ /

•

UK / /

other
Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

huge

US / hju:dʒ /

•

UK / hjudʒ /

adjecitve
Very very large

northeast

US / 'nɔ:θ'i:st /

•

UK / nɔrθˈist, nɔrˈist /

noun
Location in the northeastern part of an area

move

US / mu:v /

•

UK / muv /

noun
Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
An action; doing something
Step taken to achieve a goal
verb
To cause someone to have certain emotions
To cause something to change to a different place
To change where people live or a business operates
To take action to do or achieve something

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

geography

US / dʒiˈɒgrəfi /

•

UK / dʒiˈɑ:grəfi /

noun
Study of the earth and its natural features

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

podcast

US / 'pɒdkɑ:st /

•

UK / 'pɑ:dkæst /

noun
A digital recording (e.g. radio show) for download

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

economically

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪkli /

•

UK / ˌikəˈnɑmɪklɪ /

adverb
In an efficient manner
In an efficient manner; without using much effort
In a way that relates to economics or finance

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

destination

US / ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌdɛstəˈneʃən /

noun
The place you are traveling to

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

particular

US / pəˈtɪkjələ(r) /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ, pəˈtɪk- /

adjecitve
One specific (one)
Having firm ideas about what is desirable
Being special or more than is typical

augustine

US / ɔ:ˈɡʌstin /

•

UK / ˈɔɡəˌstin, ɔˈɡʌstɪn /

noun
An Augustinian friar.

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

entirely

US / ɪnˈtaɪəli /

•

UK / ɪnˈtaɪərli /

adverb
Wholly; completely

escape

US / ɪ'skeɪp /

•

UK / ɪˈskep /

noun
Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
The 'esc key' on a keyboard
Act of getting away from where you are being kept
verb
To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
To get away from a place where you are being kept
(Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

resource

US / riˈsɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈriˌsɔrs, -ˌsors, -ˌzɔrs, -ˌzors, rɪˈsɔrs, -ˈsors, /

noun
Something that can be used profitably; asset
An essential supply of something
Resourcefulness; ability to deal with problems
verb
To obtain (e.g. oil, gas) from its source

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

shore

US / ʃɔ:(r) /

•

UK / ʃɔr, ʃor /

noun
Land along the edge of a sea, lake or river

swell

US / swel /

•

UK / swɛl /

noun
Being overcome from feeling a strong emotion
Act of growing in size or increasing in number
The size of the waves (surfing)
verb
To feel overcome due to a strong emotion
To increase in size or number larger than normal
To become larger than normal, often due to injury

plenty

US / 'plentɪ /

•

UK / ˈplɛnti /

pronoun
When there is not too little of something; a lot

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

immigration

US / ˌɪmɪˈgreɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn /

noun
Process of moving your home to a new country

rare

US / reə(r) /

•

UK / rɛr /

adjecitve
(Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
Unusual or out of the ordinary; not common

professional

US / prə'feʃənl /

•

UK / prəˈfɛʃənəl /

adjecitve
Of jobs such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
Acting/done properly as a qualified person would
Getting paid for playing a sport/doing an activity
noun
Highly qualified person, e.g. lawyer or doctor
One who plays a sport or similar activity as a job

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

carolina

US / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

•

UK / ˌkærə'laɪnə /

noun
Area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina

distil

US / dɪˈstɪl /

•

UK / dɪˈstɪl /

verb
To collect the pure form by heating liquid

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

cuba

US / ˈkjuːbə /

•

UK / ˈkjubə /

noun
A communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba
other
Largest island in the West Indies

fertile

US / 'fɜ:taɪl /

•

UK / ˈfɚtl /

adjecitve
(Of imagination, etc.) working strongly; productive
Capable of producing children or young
Able to produce a lot of plants, e.g. food plants

cede

US / si:d /

•

UK / sid /

verb
To give someone control of something

leap

US / li:p /

•

UK / lip /

noun
(Of prices) a quick large increase
A large forward step or jump
verb
To enter or start something eagerly
(Of prices) to increase quickly by a large amount
To jump over something

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

native

US / ˈneɪtɪv /

•

UK / ˈnetɪv /

adjecitve
Caused by natural ability; innate
noun
Someone from or born in a specific country
Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
Person speaking a language from birth

orlando

US / ɔ:ˈlændəu /

•

UK / ɔrˈlændo /

proper noun
A city in central Florida; population 230,519 (est. 2008). It is a popular tourist resort.

button

US / 'bʌtn /

•

UK / ˈbʌtn /

noun
Small round piece material used to fasten clothing
Switch activated by pressing
verb
To fasten e.g. a shirt, coat

early

US / ˈɜ:li /

•

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

adjecitve
Happening or appearing before
adverb
Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
Happening sooner than expected

ireland

US / 'aɪələnd /

•

UK / 'aɪrlənd /

noun
An island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

propel

US / prəˈpel /

•

UK / prəˈpɛl /

verb
To push, or make move in a certain direction

rest

US / rest /

•

UK / rɛst /

noun
Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
State in which there is a lack of motion
Part of something remaining after some was used
verb
To stop working or avoid activity to recover
(Of dead person) to lie in a grave
To lean, support or place something against
To not be tired because you had enough sleep

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

abandon

US / ə'bændən /

•

UK / əˈbændən /

noun
Wild, carefree behavior
verb
To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
To withdraw your support, or leave someone
To stop doing or having (hope, plans); give up
To leave a place, car and not go back
To surrender to a desire, with little self-control

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

culture

US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

noun
Beliefs and customs of a particular group

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

external

US / eksˈtə:nl /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɚnəl /

adjecitve
Concerning foreign countries
Concerning the outside of something; outer
Coming from the outside

fort

US / fɔ:t /

•

UK / fɔ:rt /

noun
Group of military buildings with high walls

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

major

US / 'meɪdʒə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmedʒɚ /

adjecitve
Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
Important, serious, or large in scope, size
noun
High-ranking officer in the army
Main subject you study at university
verb
To study a particular subject at university

sunshine

US / ˈsʌnʃaɪn /

•

UK / ˈsʌnˌʃaɪn /

noun
Feeling of happiness or cheerfulness
Rays of light coming from the sun

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

wildly

US / ˈwaɪldli /

•

UK / ˈwaɪldlɪ /

adverb
In an uncontrolled manner; very; strongly

access

US / 'ækses /

•

UK / ˈæksɛs /

noun
Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
verb
To be able to use or have permission to use

county

US / ˈkaʊnti /

•

UK / ˈkaʊnti /

noun
Administrative region within a country or a state

during

US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /

preposition
At some point in the course of an event or thing

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

force

US / fɔ:s /

•

UK / fɔrs, fors /

noun
Group of persons trained for military action; army
Pressure; attraction
The use of physical strength/violence to persuade
verb
To use physical strength or violence to persuade

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

search

US / sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / sɜ:rtʃ /

noun
Examination of person to find something
Action to find an answer to a problem
Action of trying to find someone or something
verb
To examine a person's clothing to find something
To look for an answer or explanation to a problem
To look carefully for someone or something

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

directly

US / dəˈrektli /

•

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

adverb
In a frank and honest way
Right away; immediately

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

makeup

US / 'meɪkʌp /

•

UK / ˈmekˌʌp /

noun
Substance put on the face to make you look pretty

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

current

US / 'kʌrənt /

•

UK / ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr- /

adjecitve
Happening or being in the present time
noun
Electricity flowing through wires
Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

eventually

US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

•

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

adverb
After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

impact

US / 'ɪmpækt /

•

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

noun
A striking effect or result to hit with force
Very strong influence
Act or force of one thing hitting something else
verb
To hit or strike someone or something with force

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

san

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
Relating to the San or their languages.
noun
A member of the aboriginal peoples of southern Africa commonly called Bushmen.
The group of Khoisan languages spoken by the San.

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

birth

US / bɜ:θ /

•

UK / bɜ:rθ /

noun
Time when a baby or young animal is born
Beginning of something
Social position based on the family you come from

city

US / 'sɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪti /

noun
Area with many buildings, roads and people

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

existence

US / ɪɡ'zɪstəns /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɪstəns /

noun
State of being present, alive or real

language

US / ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ /

noun
Words or signs used to communicate messages

method

US / 'meθəd /

•

UK / ˈmɛθəd /

noun
(Organized and planned) way of doing something

percentage

US / pəˈsentɪdʒ /

•

UK / pərˈsentɪdʒ /

noun
Part of a whole divided into hundredths

province

US / 'prɒvɪns /

•

UK / ˈprɑvɪns /

noun
Subject that a person has a good knowledge of
Area a country is divided into outside the capital

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

michael

US / ˈmaɪk(ə)l /

•

UK / ˈmaɪkəl /

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

annual

US / ˈænjuəl /

•

UK / ˈænjuəl /

adjecitve
Happening once a year, or every year
noun
Book (in a series) released each year

fidel

US / fɪˈdel /

•

UK / fɪˈdel /

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

florida

US / 'flɒrɪdə /

•

UK / 'flɔ:rədə /

noun
A state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confed

kick

US / kɪk /

•

UK / kɪk /

noun
Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
verb
To hit or move something with the foot

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

watch

US / wɒtʃ /

•

UK / wɑtʃ /

noun
Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
verb
To keep in check, manage, or control something
To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
To look at carefully to work out what is happening
To protect and care for someone or something

baby

US / ˈbeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈbeɪbi /

adjecitve
Small in size; smaller than usual
noun
A very young child, who cannot yet speak
verb
To treat someone as if they were newly born

despite

US / dɪˈspaɪt /

•

UK / dɪˈspaɪt /

preposition
Without being affected by something; in spite of

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

fun

US / fʌn /

•

UK / fʌn /

adjecitve
Amusing and enjoyable
noun
Enjoyable or amusing quality or feeling

miami

US / maɪˈæmi /

•

UK / maɪˈæmi /

other
A member of the extinct Algonquian people formerly living in northern Indiana and southern Michigan

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

lack

US / læk /

•

UK / læk /

noun
The state of not having or not having enough of
A shortage of something
verb
To not have, or not have enough, of something

primary

US / 'praɪmərɪ /

•

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

adjecitve
Most important, most basic or essential
Happening first; earliest
of or for the teaching of young children

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

similar

US / ˈsɪmələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɪməlɚ /

adjecitve
Nearly the same; alike

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

among

US / əˈmʌŋ /

•

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

preposition
In the center of several things

colony

US / 'kɒlənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɑləni /

noun
Group (bees, etc.) that live in the same place
Country/settlement controlled by another country

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

occupy

US / 'ɒkjʊpaɪ /

•

UK / ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ /

verb
To enter and take control of land/property
To fill a time, a space, or an area
To live in a particular building
To fill someone's thoughts or make a person busy

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

fairly

US / 'feəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɛrli /

adverb
Quite; pretty; between very and a little
In a manner that is right and acceptable

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

massachusetts

US / ˌmæsə'tʃu:sɪts /

•

UK / ˌmæsə'tʃu:sɪts /

other
A state in New England; one of the original colonies

series

US / ˈsɪəri:z /

•

UK / ˈsɪriz /

noun
Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
other
Number of things that happen one after another

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

matter

US / 'mætə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmætɚ /

noun
Material all things are made of that fills space
Problem or reason for concern
verb
To be of great importance; to count

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

trade

US / treɪd /

•

UK / treid /

noun
A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
Action of buying and selling things in business
The buying and selling of goods and services
Exchanging something for something else
Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
verb
To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
To give something in return for something else

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

episode

US / 'epɪsəʊd /

•

UK / ˈɛpɪˌsod /

noun
One separate event in a series of events
Show which is part of a larger story

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

weather

US / 'weðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɛðɚ /

noun
Whether it is raining, sunny, cold etc. outside
verb
To successfully deal with a difficult situation
To erode or become damaged due to the environment

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

christianity

US / ˌkrɪstiˈænəti /

•

UK / ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti, ˌkrɪsti- /

noun
Beliefs, practices based on teachings of Jesus

exploratory

US / eksˈplɔ:rətɵrɪ /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔːrətɔːri /

adjecitve
Examining in order to gain information

incursion

US / ɪnˈkɜ:ʒən /

•

UK / ɪnˈkə:ʒən /

noun
Sudden invasion or attack by enemies

route

US / ru:t /

•

UK / rut, raʊt /

noun
Way to get from one place to another place; path
Path or way that people often use
Method of achieving a certain result
verb
To send along a particular path or way

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

explorer

US / ɪkˈsplɔ:rə(r) /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor- /

noun
Person who travels to places to discover more them

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

population

US / ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌpɑpjəˈleʃən /

noun
Number of people who live in a country, area etc.

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

colonial

US / kəˈləʊniəl /

•

UK / kəˈloʊniəl /

adjecitve
Of a system where one country controls another

combine

US / kəmˈbaɪn /

•

UK / kəmˈbaɪn /

verb
To mix several things together to form one thing

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

mission

US / 'mɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈmɪʃən /

noun
A task or role someone is given to do
Special assignment given to a person or group
Group tasked with a specific duty
A task given to someone to gain or achieve
Religious group wishing to convert others
Housing for a religious group working overseas
Religious or charitable task in a foreign country

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

viable

US / ˈvaɪəbl /

•

UK / ˈvaɪəbəl /

adjecitve
Being capable of living, growing, and developing

Subtitles section

Florida and Georgia are home to almost 10% of all Americans, but despite these two states being so close to each other geographically, they've developed and grown in wildly different ways.

In 1950, Georgia had 700,000 more Americans than Florida, but today, Florida has 11 million more Americans than Georgia.

Here's why Florida has outpaced Georgia so much over the last few decades.

Hello and welcome to Geography by Jeff.

Today we're off to the southeast part of the United States to look at an interesting population distribution pattern between the states of Florida and Georgia.

And while Florida is technically farther south than Georgia, it's often said that the farther south you go, the more north culturally you are.

And this has played into some of the reasons for why Florida has grown so much faster than Georgia, which is no slouch in the growth department either.

But before we get to the episode, today's video is sponsored by Blinkist, the app that helps you understand books and podcasts in 15 minutes.

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Despite being neighbors today, Florida and Georgia began their respective existences in a very different manner.

While both current states were home to many different and varied indigenous tribes prior to their current incarnations, the two regions were colonized in two very different ways by two completely separate European countries.

And these origins have directly influenced the makeup of both states even to this day.

Despite so much emphasis within the United States' history being placed on Virginia and Massachusetts as being the origins of the country, the first European settlements within the current U.S. were in Florida.

In April of 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the mainland of North America in the general location of the modern-day city of St. Augustine.

While the landing of Ponce de Leon is real, the story that he was searching for the legendary fountain of youth is entirely fiction.

Still, his landing did kick off a series of exploratory missions and settlements by both Spain and France.

As with many colonial efforts in the early years, successful colonies were quite rare.

In 1559, Spain would establish its first settlement in present-day Pensacola, but would abandon it only two years later in 1561.

In 1564, the French would establish a fort in present-day Duval County, but the Spanish, wanting to lay claim to all of the land, would send a military force to destroy it.

Then, in 1565, Spain would establish the settlement of San Augustine, today known as St. Augustine.

This settlement would become the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States and would firmly establish Spain as the owner of the Florida peninsula.

A little to the north and a few decades later, the colony that would become Georgia would start to take shape.

Similar to Florida, the first explorers to the region would be the Spanish as they continued to search for trade routes and natural resources such as gold.

But despite many explorations into the area, Spain would not create any permanent settlements within Georgia.

The French would establish a settlement in what would become modern-day Charleston, South Carolina, but would also abandon that colony before too long.

Instead, it would be the English who would set their sights on the Georgia.

In 1670, England would establish the province of Carolina and English fur traders would often head south in search of fertile hunting grounds.

Now despite not having any permanent settlements, Spain did establish a number of missions in order to convert the native populations to Christianity.

Seeing these missions, the English knew that it was only a matter of time before Spain moved north from their Florida settlements.

As such, in 1704, the English and their allied Native American tribes would begin a military campaign to destroy the Spanish mission system in Georgia.

This would effectively drive the Spanish out of the area and back into Florida.

And once the land was cleared of Spanish influence, it didn't take too much time to establish a new British colony in the area.

In 1732, a charter was given to James Oglethorpe to establish the colony of Georgia and in 1733, the city of Savannah was founded near Charlestown, which was just north in the province of Carolina.

From that point on, the two colonies would be run in the culture of their respective European owners.

Florida would develop and grow with a distinctive Spanish heritage, culture, and language, and Georgia would do the same with the English.

In 1776, the original 13 colonies of England and North America, including Georgia, would rebel and become the United States.

But Florida would remain with Spain until 1821 when, growing tired of constant US incursions into its territory and not having the resources to effectively manage or defend it, Spain would cede the entire area to the United States.

From that point on, the two would, for the first time, exist under the same unified government.

But both would continue to be very distinct from one another.

Florida and Georgia each grew to become very dominant within the United States.

But the way in which they would grow over the decades is very different.

But before we get to how Florida and Georgia differ in their growth, if you're enjoying this video, hit that subscribe button.

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The 1900s were a huge period of growth overall for the United States.

A combination of high birth rate, new medicines, and, of course, immigration, would lead to a booming US population.

Ireland alone is estimated to have supplied nearly 4.5 million migrants between 1880 and 1930.

And two world wars in the first half of the century would bring even more migrants to US shores.

While many of these people would begin their American journey in the Northeast states, eventually they would filter to other regions across the country.

This population pattern was particularly notable during the 1950s when a roaring economy, post-war baby boom, and increase in external migration would lead to a swelling of population in almost every single state.

But in particular, for Florida.

In 1950, Georgia had 3.4 million Americans.

About 700,000 more people than Florida with 2.7 million.

Just 20 years later, however, Florida had grown to nearly 6.8 million people.

About 2.2 million more people than Georgia's 4.6 million.

This is a dramatic leap in population.

And while much of this story centers around this period of time, it's also worth pointing out that between 1920 and 1930, millions of African Americans moved from Georgia, Florida, and other Southern states to the North in order to escape persecution under Southern laws.

This had a huge impact on Georgia's population during this period.

Florida, however, while losing much of their black population as well, was also in the Then, in the 1960s, another geopolitical event would propel a huge amount of migrants to Florida specifically.

The 1959 Cuban Revolution.

Beginning in 1952, a coordinated effort by Fidel Castro would eventually lead to the toppling of Cuban dictator Batista in 1959.

And this would lead to hundreds of thousands of Cubans fleeing the country for Florida over a relatively short period of time.

This would continue the already impressive growth of Florida and give it its unique Cuban heritage that continues to exist today.

Largely in the Miami region.

While the country is well past its baby boom period and external migration from Cuba and other countries has slowed overall, the state of Florida continues its impressive rate of growth even to this day.

And this is largely on the backs of a couple external factors.

The economy and the climate.

It's probably no surprise that the Sunshine State is very sunny.

And this has a particular draw amongst almost all people, but in particular, a very specific subset of Americans.

The elderly.

While most Florida migrants are not elderly, Florida does receive more elderly migrants than any other state in the country.

In particular, tens of thousands of elderly Americans from the northern states of New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan have moved to Florida just over the last few years.

And this is largely due to this particular population's desire for warmer and more consistent weather.

Hurricane season aside, of course.

But elderly people don't make up most of Florida's current migrants.

Instead, it's a mix of younger professionals and families who move to the state in search of jobs.

Florida, with its major cities of Miami, Orlando, Tampa, and others, have seen a growth in jobs over the last few years.

The prospect of a solid economy combined with the lack of state income tax has led to many Americans picking up and moving to the Sunshine State.

Between 2019 and 2022, Miami had the largest percentage of inbound moves from other parts of the country than any other major metropolitan region.

Georgia, for its part, has grown considerably in recent years as well.

Today, Florida and Georgia are both dominant states in terms of population and economy.

Florida is home to over 22 million Americans, and Georgia is home to nearly 11 million.

But over the coming decades, they're expected to continue to grow considerably.

But the way in which they're growing is still quite different.

Florida is home to the major metropolitan areas of Miami with 6.1 million people, Tampa with 3.1 million people, Orlando with 2.7 million people, and Jacksonville with 1.6 million people.

This means that its growth and economy are fairly well spread out across the state.

Georgia, however, really only has the major metropolitan area of Atlanta with about 6 million people.

The rest of the state's metro areas are less than one-tenth the size.

This means that Georgia's economy and growth really rely on the city of Atlanta, whereas Florida is much more dispersed.

This isn't to say that Georgia or Atlanta will stop growing, but when the state has multiple destination centers for potential migration, it gives people more options and that's likely to lead to more migration.

With Georgia, if a potential family doesn't like the Atlanta metro region, there are fewer economically viable cities within the state for them to choose.

Florida and Georgia are both great options for Americans to move to and both offer plenty of economic opportunities.

But a combination of fewer taxes, external migration, and multiple destination centers have led Florida to becoming the dominant state of the two.

And that's not likely to change anytime soon.

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