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Wirtz pumps are really clever

Original YouTube Video | SteveMould Published on 2023-10-10 Level：78 Speed：91 maxwordlevel：19

#EducationalVideo #Engineering #EnglishListening

Video vocabulary

drift

US / drɪft /

•

UK / drɪft /

verb
(Of sand, etc.) to be blown into heaps by the wind
(Of boats) to move without purpose on water
To move or live without a purpose or goal
To move slowly or effortlessly in water or air

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

bog

US / bɒg /

•

UK / bɔ:g /

noun
Area of wet spongy ground
verb
To get stuck, slowed down or become delayed

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

garden

US / ˈgɑ:dn /

•

UK / ˈgɑ:rdn /

noun
Yard; ground outside your house to grow plants
Public park in which visitors can see flowers
verb
To work in a yard to grow plants, vegetables

invite

US / ɪnˈvaɪt /

•

UK / ɪnˈvaɪt /

noun
An invitation
verb
To ask someone to go somewhere or do something

fish

US / fɪʃ /

•

UK / fɪʃ /

noun
Animal that swims and lives in water
verb
To go fishing with a net or hook

form

US / fɔ:m /

•

UK / fɔrm /

noun
Sports team or person's current winning record
Document you complete when making an application
Visible shape or style; type; kind
verb
To organize something such as a club or group
To develop; to come into a shape or substance
To make something into a particular shape

plenty

US / 'plentɪ /

•

UK / ˈplɛnti /

pronoun
When there is not too little of something; a lot

plug

US / plʌg /

•

UK / plʌɡ /

noun
Wood, rubber or metal used to block a hole
Thing on a wire to connect to electricity supply
A promotion of a product
verb
To use an object to block a hole
To promote or advertise a product

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

airlock

US / ˈeəlɒk /

•

UK / ˈerlɑ:k /

noun
Small chamber with regulated air pressure

dean

US / di:n /

•

UK / din /

noun
Official in charge of one part of a university

rather

US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

adverb
Somewhat; fairly; not that much

slash

US / slæʃ /

•

UK / slæʃ /

noun
Line ( / ) used in writing
Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
verb
To cut violently with a sharp object
To decrease something by a large amount

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

version

US / ˈvə:ʃən /

•

UK / ˈvɚʒən, -ʃən /

noun
Different way that someone interprets something
New or different form of something
An updated form of some software

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

hide

US / haɪd /

•

UK / haɪd /

noun
The skin of an animal used for making leather
verb
To go to, or put a thing where it can't be found

tube

US / tju:b /

•

UK / tub,tjub /

noun
Plastic or metal container for soft substances
Long hollow pipe used to hold or liquids or gases

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

height

US / haɪt /

•

UK / haɪt /

noun
Distance of something from the bottom to the top

normally

US / ˈnɔ:məli /

•

UK / ˈnɔːrməli /

adverb
In the manner that is usual or ordinary

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

ultra

US / 'ʌltrə /

•

UK / 'ʌltrə /

prefix
Prefix that denotes a lot of something; extreme

pickup

US / ˈpɪkʌp /

•

UK / ˈpɪkˌʌp /

noun
Small truck that has an open back with low sides

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

continuous

US / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnjuəs /

adjecitve
Happening, existing, or performed without stops

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

region

US / 'ri:dʒən /

•

UK / ˈridʒən /

noun
Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

channel

US / 'tʃænl /

•

UK / ˈtʃænəl /

noun
Long hole dug in the ground, e.g. to move water
TV or radio station or its programs
Method or way of sending or receiving information
Narrow passage through which water travels
Method or route used for sending or getting things
verb
To dig a long hole for carrying water
To send (e.g. money) to a certain place or person
To direct water or liquid through a passage
To direct energy or feelings into something

behalf

US / bɪˈhɑːf /

•

UK / bɪˈhæf /

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

failure

US / ˈfeɪljə(r) /

•

UK / 'feɪljər /

noun
When things go wrong; lack of function
Act or result of not achieving your goals

literally

US / ˈlɪtərəli /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

adverb
So as to express the exact meaning of something
Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

US / bæk /

•

UK / bæk /

adjecitve
Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
adverb
Have returned to a place you were before
noun
The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
Location at the rear of something
The reverse of side something
Area on the rear of your body
verb
To bet money on something
To go backwards in a car
To support and encourage someone or some cause

ben

US / ben /

•

UK / bɛn /

noun
A mountain or tall hill

intermediary

US / ˌɪntəˈmi:diəri /

•

UK / ˌɪntərˈmi:dieri /

noun
Person who acts in behalf of, instead of others

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

hopefully

US / ˈhəʊpfəli /

•

UK / ˈhopfəli /

adverb
In a manner wishing something to happen

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

stephen

US / 'sti:vən /

•

UK / 'sti:vən /

proper noun
(c.1097–1154), grandson of William the Conqueror; king of England 1135–54. He seized the throne from

steve

US / ˈstɜ:nəm /

•

UK / ˈstɜ:rnəm /

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

forward

US / 'fɔ:wəd /

•

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

adjecitve
Toward what is ahead; in front
Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
adverb
Toward the front in place; in front
Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
verb
To send something to another address or person

pull

US / pʊl /

•

UK / pʊl /

noun
Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
Force something has that draws other things to it
Using your hands to move something to you
verb
To breathe in smoke, as from a pipe
To hold something and move it toward you
To remove something by force

power

US / 'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

noun
Legal or official right to perform certain actions
Ability to move forcefully and quickly
Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
Mathematical way to multiply a number
Condition of being in political control
Physical force, energy, and strength
verb
To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
To move something forcefully and quickly

leak

US / li:k /

•

UK / lik /

noun
Act of (gas, liquid) escaping through a small hole
Information released that wasn't supposed to be
verb
(Of a tire) to have air, liquid escaping; (Of air)
To make secret information public
(Liquid) to go out of/get in through crack/opening

perfect

US / 'pɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ˈpɚfɪkt /

adjecitve
So good it cannot be improved
verb
To do something so well, it cannot be done better

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

phone

US / fəʊn /

•

UK / foʊn /

noun
Machine used to talk to someone who is far away
verb
To talk to someone using a telephone

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

contact

US / 'kɒntækt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtækt /

adjecitve
Touching or feeling something
noun
Touching or feeling something
Object that allows electricity to run through it
Communication with someone or something
People who can give you information, introductions
verb
To get in touch with someone

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

surface

US / 'sɜ:fɪs /

•

UK / ˈsɚfəs /

adjecitve
Of the top layer; not deep or meaningful
noun
Top layer of the ground or of water
Nature or emotions that show, but may not be true
Outside or upper layer of something
verb
To give (road) a top layer
To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
To come to the top of something; emerge
To come to the top level of water, mud, etc.

season

US / ˈsi:zn /

•

UK / ˈsizən /

noun
One of Spring, Summer, Autumn (Fall) and Winter
Time of year when something usually happens
verb
To add pepper and salt to something
To prepare wood for use by allowing it to dry

grand

US / ɡrænd /

•

UK / ɡrænd /

adjecitve
A counter for 1000 of something
Great in amount, number or size
Being highest in status or rank; impressive

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

mould

US / məʊld /

•

UK / mold /

noun
Fungus growing on old food or in wet dark places
Container to shape material into a certain form
verb
To form something into a shape

legal

US / 'li:ɡl /

•

UK / ˈliɡəl /

adjecitve
Concerning the law; allowed by law

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

inner

US / ˈɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɪnɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the inside part of something

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

path

US / pɑ:θ /

•

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

noun
Method of living leading to a particular result
Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

pump

US / pʌmp /

•

UK / pʌmp /

noun
A device more moving liquids
Light woman's shoe
verb
To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
To make water/other liquid move using a machine
To move in or out, or up and down quickly
asking for information in an indirect way

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

matt

US / mæt /

•

UK / mæt /

adjective
(of a colour, paint, or surface) dull and flat; without a shine.
noun
A matt paint or finish.
A sheet of cardboard placed on the back of a picture, either as a mount or to form a border.
verb
Give a matt appearance to (something)

may

US / meɪ /

•

UK / me /

noun
5th month of the year
other
Used to express a desire
Expresses permission, possibility or probability
Used to show that a thing could be true

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

US / wɜ:d /

•

UK / wɚd /

noun
Unit of language that has a meaning
Promise
Short remark or piece of information
verb
To express something by choosing particular words

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

let

US / let /

•

UK / lɛt /

verb
To allow someone to do something
Introducing a suggestion to do something together
To rent a house, etc. to others

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

wet

US / wet /

•

UK / wɛt /

adjecitve
Concerning a bar that serves or sells alcohol
Having or experiencing a great deal of rain
Containing water or liquid; not dry
verb
To accidentally pee in clothes or a bed

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

live

US / lɪv /

•

UK / liv /

adjecitve
Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
Glowing because burning; hot
Not yet killed (for food)
adverb
(Music, drama) as it is performed
verb
To be alive
To experience a particular type of life
To make your home in a house or town

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

surprisingly

US / sə'praɪzɪŋlɪ /

•

UK / səˈpraɪzɪŋlɪ /

adverb
In an unexpected manner; to an unexpected degree

transparent

US / trænsˈpærənt /

•

UK / trænsˈpærənt /

adjecitve
Being open to see and to public criticism
Able to be seen through
Being simple and easily understood

vertical

US / ˈvɜ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈvɜ:rtɪkl /

adjecitve
(Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

cup

US / kʌp /

•

UK / kʌp /

noun
Small round container used for drinking
Silver trophy teams compete to win
Unit of measurement for foods or liquids
verb
To make the shape of a bowl with your hands

hold

US / həʊld /

•

UK / hold /

noun
Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
Influence or power held over someone
Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
verb
To agree to keep something for someone
To have the capacity to support/contain something
To control an area and protect it from attack
To not allow someone to leave a place
To cause an event to happen at a place or time
To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
To have a specific quality or property
To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
To have or own something
To wait before being able to talk on the phone
To limit the movement of someone in a sport

initial

US / ɪ'nɪʃl /

•

UK / ɪˈnɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Existing or occurring at the beginning
noun
First letter of your given name
verb
To authorize something by writing your initials

pressure

US / 'preʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

noun
Anxiety caused by difficult problems
Force, weight when pressing against a thing
Strong persuasion to do something
verb
To apply force to something
To persuade or force someone to do something

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

siphon

US / 'saɪfn /

•

UK / ˈsaɪfən /

verb
To draw liquid from one container to another
To illegally draw money or resources out

travel

US / ˈtrævl /

•

UK / ˈtrævəl /

noun
Going to other places, esp. distant places
verb
To go to a place that is far away

background

US / ˈbækgraʊnd /

•

UK / ˈbækˌɡraʊnd /

noun
Images, color, or information behind the main one
Someone's personal work and educational history
A position not as important as the main event
Past events that influence things in the present

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

principle

US / ˈprɪnsəpl /

•

UK / ˈprɪnsəpəl /

noun
Moral rule or belief governing a person's behavior
Natural law that explains how things work

otherwise

US / ˈʌðəwaiz /

•

UK / ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz /

adverb
In an additional or different way
Unless; or

sufficient

US / səˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / səˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Having or providing enough when needed

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

yep

US / jep /

•

UK / jɛp /

noun
Another way of saying 'yes'

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

pour

US / pɔ:(r) /

•

UK / pɔr, por /

verb
To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
To make something flow in a steady stream
To rain very heavily

personalize

US / ˈpɜ:sənəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈpɜ:rsənəlaɪz /

verb
To make personal or more personal

outlet

US / 'aʊtlet /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌlɛt, -lɪt /

noun
Place in a wall to supply electricity to a device
A pipe, hole or wire through which something flows
Market or store that sells a product

tap

US / tæp /

•

UK / tæp /

noun
Faucet; the place you can get water from a pipe
Light hit, generally one that makes a sound
verb
To access a liquid (e.g. in a tree) through a hole
To move feet/fingers to make light regular sounds
To spy one someone electronically
To hit something or someone lightly
To remove from an object e.g. oil from the ground

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

wasteful

US / 'weɪstfl /

•

UK / ˈwestfəl /

adjecitve
Inefficient in use of time or effort or materials

department

US / dɪˈpɑ:tmənt /

•

UK / dɪˈpɑ:rtmənt /

noun
Division of a larger part or organization

caller

US / ˈkɔ:lə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkɔlɚ /

noun
Someone who visits a place for a short time
People who are phoning others

honestly

US / ˈɒnɪstli /

•

UK / ˈɑnɪstli /

adverb
With truth or sincerity; I'm being honest with you

log

US / lɒg /

•

UK / lɔ:g /

noun
Detailed account of events and progress on journey
Piece of a tree that has fallen or been cut
verb
To move a certain distance or speed, as recorded
To leave a website or computer account
To record something in an official account
To cut trees down and take the wood to use it

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

mail

US / meɪl /

•

UK / mel /

noun
Soldier's coat of linked chains, worn long ago
Sending, collecting, and delivering letters
A letter, package or email
verb
To send a letter or email

possible

US / ˈpɒsəbl /

•

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

adjecitve
Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
Having a chance of happening, or being true

several

US / ˈsevrəl /

•

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

adjecitve
Many of
pronoun
More than two but not a large amount

paper

US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

adjecitve
Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
Made from the material that we use to make books
noun
Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
Written test
Newspaper
Pages of a book are made from this

add

US / æd /

•

UK / æd /

verb
To include as well
To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

close

US / kləʊz /

•

UK / kloʊz /

adjecitve
Almost; near
(Of a friend) well-known; liked by others
Being near or related
Similar; nearly the same
verb
To come progressively nearer to something
To end; to bring to an end
To make something shut; stop from being open

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

parker

US / ˈpɑːkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɑːrkər /

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

butt

US / bʌt /

•

UK / bʌt /

noun
(Informal) fleshy part of your body you sit on
verb
To share a boundary by being next to

configuration

US / kənˌfɪgəˈreɪʃn /

•

UK / kənˌfɪɡjəˈreʃən /

noun
A shape or outline; a method of arrangement

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

post

US / pəʊst /

•

UK / post /

noun
Message delivered or shared in an online group
Piece of wood, metal in the ground for support
Job or position within an organization or company
Place where a soldier, etc. is ordered to go
verb
To send a letter or package using stamps
To share a message on an internet discussion group
To send a soldier somewhere to do a job
To put a message in public for everyone to see

terribly

US / ˈterəbli /

•

UK / ˈtɛrəbli /

adverb
To an extreme degree; badly; very

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

bagpipe

US / 'bæɡpaɪp /

•

UK / 'bæɡpaɪp /

noun
Scottish wind instrument with a bag and pipes

gaffer

US / 'ɡæfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæfɚ /

noun
Electrician responsible for lighting on movie sets

empty

US / 'emptɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛmpti /

adjecitve
Containing nothing; with no contents
Without emotions, feelings, meaning or force
noun
Item, e.g. a bottle, whose contents have been used
verb
To remove the contents from something

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

jackie

US / ˈdʒæki: /

•

UK / ˈdʒæki /

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

web

US / web /

•

UK / wɛb /

noun
Skin between ducks' toes that enables them to swim
Internet's collection of interrelated information
Net made from silk threads produced by spiders
Complicated set of relationships or connections

dashboard

US / ˈdæʃbɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈdæʃˌbɔrd, -ˌbord /

noun
Console of a car or vehicle

regardless

US / rɪˈgɑ:dləs /

•

UK / rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs /

adverb
Without being affected or concerned by something

section

US / 'sekʃn /

•

UK / ˈsɛkʃən /

noun
A part of a whole
Specific area or region within a larger place
Specific group of people from a larger group
Part of a book, newspaper, etc.
verb
To divide something into smaller parts

yes

US / jes /

•

UK / jɛs /

adverb
Way to say you agree or will do something

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

complicated

US / 'kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈkɑmplɪˌketɪd /

adjecitve
Difficult to do, understand or use
verb
To make more difficult to do, understand or use

flow

US / fləʊ /

•

UK / flo /

noun
Amount of something that moves through an area
verb
To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

reality

US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

•

UK / riˈælɪti /

noun
What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

separate

US / 'sepəreɪt /

•

UK / 'sepəreɪt /

adjecitve
Being different from or unrelated to another
verb
To divide two things by being in between them
To live away from your husband or wife
To move things away from each other

setup

US / 'setʌp /

•

UK / ˈsɛtˌʌp /

noun
Way something is organized or arranged

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

fail

US / feɪl /

•

UK / fel /

noun
A mark on a test showing you did not pass
verb
To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
To not do or provide something that is needed
To stop working or functioning; to break down
To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

science

US / 'saɪəns /

•

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

white

US / waɪt /

•

UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /

adjecitve
Belonging to a race of people with light skin
Of the color of fresh snow and milk
noun
Person's name
Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

bracket

US / ˈbrækɪt /

•

UK / ˈbrækɪt /

noun
Placement of a word or words within ( ) [ or ]
Category including a range of people/things
90ﾂｰ piece of metal used to support a shelf, etc.
verb
To place a word or words within ( ) [ or ]
To put into the same category or range together

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

speak

US / spi:k /

•

UK / spik /

verb
To be able to use a certain language
To use words to tell information, express thoughts

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

cook

US / kʊk /

•

UK / kʊk /

noun
A person who prepares food
Person's name
verb
To heat food until it is ready to eat

broker

US / 'brəʊkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbrokɚ /

noun
Person who acts to buy or sell shares in companies
verb
To negotiate a business deal

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

liquid

US / ˈlɪkwɪd /

•

UK / ˈlɪkwɪd /

adjecitve
(Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
In a state of being uncertain
Moving in a flowing manner, like water or oil
noun
Something that is similar to the state of water

net

US / net /

•

UK / nɛt /

adjecitve
Remaining amount after something is taken away
noun
Internet
Crossed rope, fibers with partly open pattern
Crossed ropes that make up the back of a goal
verb
To catch or cover something in a mesh, often fish
To gain or earn a certain amount of money
To hit a ball into a goal during a sports event

overcome

US / ˌəʊvə'kʌm /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈkʌm /

verb
To succeed in a struggle against; defeat

surely

US / ˈʃʊəli /

•

UK / ˈʃʊrli /

adverb
With certainty; definitely

paddle

US / ˈpædl /

•

UK / ˈpædl /

noun
Long stick with a flat end used to move a boat
Wide and flat instrument used to mix food
Small flat bat used in table tennis
verb
To move a boat across water with flat-ended sticks
To swim like a dog

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

circulate

US / 'sɜ:kjəleɪt /

•

UK / ˈsɚkjəˌlet /

verb
To go round continuously
To move from one person to another, as at a party
(Of a rumor) to go round from one person to others

gravity

US / ˈgrævəti /

•

UK / ˈɡrævɪti /

noun
(Of a situation) extreme seriousness
Force making things fall towards the ground

habitat

US / 'hæbɪtæt /

•

UK / ˈhæbɪˌtæt /

noun
Natural place where a plant or animal lives

inside

US / ˌɪn'saɪd /

•

UK / ɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɪnˌsaɪd /

adjecitve
Being in something
Being in a building
adverb
Into a house; indoors
noun
Inner part or surface of something

clap

US / klæp /

•

UK / klæp /

noun
A loud sound made by striking your hands together
verb
To make loud sounds by striking the hands together

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

practically

US / ˈpræktɪkli /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪkli /

adverb
Nearly, almost, or in effect

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

position

US / pəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

noun
Person's opinion or attitude about something
Specific location where someone or something is
Where you play or your role on a sports team
Person's job or status level
Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
verb
To put in a particular location or direction

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

stuck

US / stʌk /

•

UK / stʌk /

adjecitve
Not able to move
verb
To push a sharp or pointed object into something
To join together using glue or paste
To remain in one place or position for a long time

supply

US / sə'plaɪ /

•

UK / səˈplaɪ /

noun
Availability of products and services for use
Specific things needed to perform a certain task
verb
To give or sell goods to others for their use

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

area

US / 'eərɪə /

•

UK / ˈɛriə /

noun
Amount of measured space
A specific section or space; part of a region
A subject or field of study

disposal

US / dɪˈspəʊzl /

•

UK / dɪˈspozəl /

noun
Act of giving or throwing something away

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

US / ˈpri:viəs /

•

UK / ˈpriviəs /

adjecitve
Existing or happening before the present time

reason

US / 'ri:zn /

•

UK / ˈrizən /

noun
Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
Explanation for why something occurred or was done
verb
To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

US / saɪd /

•

UK / saɪd /

adjecitve
In addition to the central or most important thing
Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
noun
Position or opinion that is opposite to another
Right or left part of a person's body
Feature of someone's personality
Straight edge of an object
One of two or more groups fighting each other
verb
To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

centimetre

US / ˈsentɪmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛntəˌmitɚ /

noun
One hundredth of a meter

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

governmental

US / ˌgʌvnˈmentl /

•

UK / ˌɡʌvərnˈmentl /

adjecitve
Concerning government or government business

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

sure

US / ʃʊə(r) /

•

UK / ʃʊr /

adjecitve
Having no doubts about something
Have confidence in your own words or actions
Firmly established or held; being firm or stable
Being correct or true
adverb
What you say to agree willingly

third

US / θɜ:d /

•

UK / θɜ:rd /

adjecitve
3rd: Number after second

jump

US / dʒʌmp /

•

UK / dʒʌmp /

noun
Large sudden increase
An act of springing into the air
Bar or other thing that is jumped over
A sudden movement due to surprise
verb
To attack someone suddenly
To push your body into the air with your legs
To suddenly decide to do something
To make a sudden movement due to surprise

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

receipt

US / rɪˈsi:t /

•

UK / rɪˈsit /

noun
Act of receiving something
Piece of paper showing you have paid

sink

US / sɪŋk /

•

UK / sɪŋk /

noun
Large bowl in a kitchen or washroom for washing
verb
To push something down into the ground
To dig (a well)
To move down toward a lower point
To decrease in value or amount

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

care

US / keə(r) /

•

UK / kɛr /

noun
Treatment you receive for your health or safety
Something that a person worries about
verb
To feel interest, concern, or worry
To look after someone or something

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

bunch

US / bʌntʃ /

•

UK / bʌntʃ /

noun
A group of things of the same kind
verb
To group people or things closely together
(Cloth) to gather/be gathered together in folds

hit

US / hɪt /

•

UK / hɪt /

noun
A planned killing, usually for money
Song, movie etc. that is successful
When someone strikes someone or something
Time when a player makes contact with the ball
Time when a website is accessed
verb
To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
To press something, such as a button or switch
To suddenly realize the importance of something
To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
To fight, attack or damage something or someone
To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

interesting

US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

adjecitve
Taking your attention; making you want to know
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

winter

US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

adjecitve
(Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
noun
Time or season of idleness or decay
Coldest season of the year
verb
To spend the cold months at a certain place

stay

US / steɪ /

•

UK / ste /

noun
Legal order to stop or delay an action
Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
verb
To keep trying without giving up
To remain in the same place and not move away
To spend time visiting a place or someone's home

arc

US / ɑ:k /

•

UK / ɑrk /

noun
Smoothly curving line or movement
verb
To bend in a smooth curve

bottom

US / 'bɒtəm /

•

UK / ˈbɑtəm /

adjecitve
Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
noun
The part of your body you sit on
Lowest position, often in a company or contest
Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
Lowest level, part or point of an object
The part under something, e.g. a vase
verb
To hit the lowest part of something

ground

US / graʊnd /

•

UK / ɡraʊnd /

noun
Connection of electrical equipment to earth
Place where people play particular sports
Solid surface of the earth that we stand on
verb
To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
To make sharp or smooth through friction
To press together with force making a sound
To punish someone by not allowing them to go out
To hit the bottom
(Of boat) to hit the bottom so it cannot move
To prevent a plane from taking off
To place the ball over the goal line in rugby

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

anymore

US / 'enɪmɔ: /

•

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

adverb
No longer; no more

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

include

US / ɪnˈklu:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈklud /

verb
To make someone, something part of a group

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

suppose

US / sə'pəʊz /

•

UK / səˈpoʊz /

conjunction
What if
verb
To imagine or guess what might happen

annoying

US / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

•

UK / əˈnɔɪɪŋ /

adjecitve
A little angry; upset
verb
To make someone angry

behave

US / bɪˈheɪv /

•

UK / bɪˈhev /

verb
To act correctly
To act in a particular way
To react in a particular way in a given case

brilliantly

US / 'brɪlɪəntlɪ /

•

UK / ˈbrɪljəntlɪ /

adverb
In a very skilled, intelligent or good way

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

particularly

US / pəˈtikjuləli /

•

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

adverb
Specially; more than others

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

spill

US / spɪl /

•

UK / spɪl /

noun
Accident when someone falls
Act of allowing a fluid to escape
verb
To come out of and spread beyond limits
To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
To tell secrets or let information escape
To cause a liquid to fall out of its container
To come out of a holding container

corey

US / 'kəʊrɪsˌpɒndənt /

•

UK / ˌkoʊrɪ'spɒndənt /

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

tension

US / 'tenʃn /

•

UK / ˈtɛnʃən /

noun
Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
Degree to which something is stretched tight

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

short

US / ʃɔ:t /

•

UK / ʃɔrt /

adverb
Less than what is needed
Suddenly stopping what you are saying or doing
verb
(Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
adjecitve
Measuring a small distance
Happening for a small amount of time
Unfriendly or rude

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

through

US / θru: /

•

UK / θru /

adjecitve
having finished using or doing something
adverb
From the beginning of something until the end
preposition
Over, in, across an entire thing or place
Allowing you to pass between, or to
By a particular way or process; by the use of

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

algorithm

US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

•

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

noun
A step-by-step problem-solving feature

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

forgot

US / fə'ɡɒt /

•

UK / fɚˈɡɑt, fɔr- /

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

correct

US / kə'rekt /

•

UK / kəˈrɛkt /

adjecitve
Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
True or accurate
verb
To fix a problem
To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
To punish in order to improve

compact

US / 'kɒmpækt /

•

UK / kəmˈpækt /

adjecitve
Packed closely together
noun
Small case with face powder and a mirror
verb
To pack something closely or tightly

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

shorten

US / 'ʃɔ:tn /

•

UK / ˈʃɔrtn /

verb
To make something, e.g. a skirt, shorter

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

face

US / feɪs /

•

UK / fes /

noun
Side or outer surface of something
An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
Characteristics you show in public
verb
To cover a surface with something like paint
To deal with a problem or responsibilities
To look toward; point in a certain direction

maze

US / meɪz /

•

UK / mez /

noun
Network of paths you have to make your way through
Collection of things that are hard to understand

stuff

US / stʌf /

•

UK / stʌf /

noun
Generic description for things, materials, objects
verb
To push material inside something, with force

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

ask

US / ɑ:sk /

•

UK / æsk /

verb
To say to someone that you want something

diagram

US / 'daɪəɡræm /

•

UK / ˈdaɪəˌɡræm /

noun
A drawing intended to explain how something works
verb
To show or explain something by drawing a picture

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

lower

US / 'ləʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

adjecitve
In a position more near the bottom
verb
To move something downward to the ground

periodically

US / ˌpɪərɪ'ɒdɪklɪ /

•

UK / pɪrɪˈɑdɪklɪ /

adverb
Over time, often with regular spaces between

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

amazing

US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Surprising in a pleasing way
verb
To cause wonder; to surprise completely

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

column

US / ˈkɒləm /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:ləm /

noun
Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
Strong vertical stone pillar that holds up a roof
Vertical line in a table or chart

eight

US / eɪt /

•

UK / et /

number
8

minnow

US / ˈmɪnəʊ /

•

UK / ˈmɪno /

noun
Very small fish, usually used as bait

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

bubble

US / ˈbʌbl /

•

UK / ˈbʌbəl /

noun
A small ball of air inside of a liquid
verb
(Of a liquid) to produce bubbles, as when boiling
To show intense emotion, e.g. excitement, anger

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

terminate

US / 'tɜ:mɪneɪt /

•

UK / ˈtɚməˌnet /

verb
To bring something to and end or finish
To (cause to) finish in a particular way or place

vehicle

US / ˈvi:əkl /

•

UK / ˈvi:hɪkl /

noun
Machine (such as a car) used to carry things
Means of expressing, showing, or achieving

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

deliver

US / dɪ'lɪvə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈlɪvɚ /

verb
To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
To save someone from a problem or crisis
To keep a promise; do what you say you would
To present something to a group, as a speech
To take something to a person or place

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

segment

US / ˈsegmənt /

•

UK / ˈsɛɡmənt /

noun
Part divided from the other parts of something
verb
To separate something into different parts

towards

US / tə'wɔ:dz /

•

UK / 'təuədz, twɔ:dz /

preposition
In the direction of someone or something

address

US / ə'dres /

•

UK / əˈdrɛs /

noun
Exact street location of a place
A formal speech to a group of people
verb
To write the place someone lives on a letter
To refer to someone or something formally
To make a formal speech to a group of people
To try to find a solution to; think about

behaviour

US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

noun
The way a person or thing acts; manner

opportunity

US / ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ /

•

UK / ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju- /

noun
Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

US / səb'skraɪb /

•

UK / səbˈskraɪb /

verb
To regularly pay to receive a service

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

tiny

US / 'taɪnɪ /

•

UK / ˈtaɪni /

adjecitve
Very, very small

cumulative

US / ˈkju:mjələtɪv /

•

UK / ˈkju:mjəleɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Getting larger slowly through more additions

compare

US / kəm'peə(r) /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

verb
To consider how similar and different things are

interested

US / ˈɪntrəstɪd /

•

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪd, -tərɪstɪd, -təˌrɛstɪd /

adjecitve
Having had your attention taken; curious
verb
To make someone want to know about something
To persuade to do, become involved with something

jonathan

US / ˈdʒɔnəθən /

•

UK / ˈdʒɑnəθən /

noun
Red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

overflow

US / ˌəʊvə'fləʊ /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈflo /

noun
Place where liquids flow over or out
verb
(Liquid) to flow over the edge of something

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

video

US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

•

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

adjecitve
Of a moving film, with sound
noun
Recording capturing action with sound
verb
To make a moving film of, with sound

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

barrier

US / 'bærɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˈbæriɚ /

noun
Difficult situation preventing something happening
Structure or object that stops free movement

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

especially

US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

•

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

adverb
More than usual; extremely

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

hook

US / hʊk /

•

UK / hʊk /

noun
Bent tool used to catch fish or to hang things on
The start of a story which catches your interest
verb
To make a bent or curved shape
To catch your interest completely
To catch, hang or attach something with a bent wire

scoop

US / sku:p /

•

UK / skup /

noun
An amount of e.g. ice cream taken from a whole
An important news story broken for the first time
verb
To dig out for a hole with a tool or hands

tape

US / teɪp /

•

UK / tep /

noun
Narrow strip of magnetic material for recording on
Thin material used to mark an area or seal things
verb
To record some sounds using an electric device
To stick things together using an adhesive strip

river

US / ˈrɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɪvɚ /

noun
Flowing water that runs from mountains to the sea

spiral

US / 'spaɪrəl /

•

UK / ˈspaɪrəl /

adjecitve
Curved in a continuous circle
noun
A continuous curve round a central point
verb
To move in a continuous curve round a point

email

US / 'i:meɪl /

•

UK / 'i:meɪl /

noun
A message like a letter sent by computer or phone
verb
To send an electronic letter via computer or phone

hose

US / həʊz /

•

UK / hoʊz /

noun
Tube that carries a liquid
Socks, stockings, pantyhose etc.
verb
To wet or clean something with a hose

incredibly

US / ɪnˈkredəbli /

•

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəblɪ /

adverb
To a great degree; very; amazingly

mine

US / maɪn /

•

UK / maɪn /

noun
A bomb hidden in the ground or the sea
Rich source of material or information
Place under the ground where coal, etc. is dug out
pronoun
That thing that belongs to me
verb
To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

output

US / 'aʊtpʊt /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌpʊt /

noun
Amount of something that is produced
verb
To produce data or information, as a computer

size

US / saɪz /

•

UK / saɪz /

noun
How big or small a thing is
Standard measurements for clothing, shoes
verb
To make something to fit a particular measurement
To organize or group from small to large

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

coil

US / kɔɪl /

•

UK / kɔɪl /

noun
Wire wound into circles to carry electricity
Long material wound into circular rings
verb
To curl or wind around especially in neat rings
To make (rope, hair, etc.) into circles; wind

collect

US / kəˈlekt /

•

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

adverb
By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
verb
To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
To gather things, people together in one place
To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
To take things and bring them together
To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

description

US / dɪˈskrɪpʃn /

•

UK / dɪˈskrɪpʃən /

noun
Explanation of what something is like, looks like

scale

US / skeɪl /

•

UK / skel /

noun
Size, level, or amount when compared
Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
Dimensions or size of something
verb
To change the size of but keep the proportions
To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
To remove the scales of a fish

surprising

US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

adjecitve
Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

tall

US / tɔ:l /

•

UK / tɔl /

adjecitve
High in height

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

enjoy

US / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ /

•

UK / ɛnˈdʒɔɪ /

verb
To take pleasure in something

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

permission

US / pəˈmɪʃn /

•

UK / pɚˈmɪʃən /

noun
Right to do something as allowed by another

tank

US / tæŋk /

•

UK / tæŋk /

noun
Container for holding liquid or gas
Military vehicle that can go over rough areas
verb
To fail completely or badly
To deliberately lose a game or contest

wear

US / weə(r) /

•

UK / wer /

noun
Clothing designed for a purpose e.g. skiing
Damage from continual use over a long period
verb
To have clothes, glasses, shoes etc. on your body
To display an expression or emotion on the face
To become weaker or damaged from continued use

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

film

US / fɪlm /

•

UK / fɪlm /

noun
Thin layer that covers something
Movie
verb
To record moving action with a camera

halt

US / hɔ:lt /

•

UK / hɔlt /

verb
To stop, or cause something, e.g. a car, to stop

hand

US / hænd /

•

UK / hænd /

noun
Cards given to a player in a card game
Piece of a clock that points to the time
Someone who performs physical tasks or work
Body part at the end of a person's arm
Help for someone performing a particular action
Condition of having power or influence
Member of the crew of a ship
verb
To give something to someone personally

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

raise

US / reɪz /

•

UK / rez /

noun
Increase in a bet above another when playing cards
Pay increase
verb
To increase a bet above another when playing cards
To gather donations for a cause or charity
To bring up and educate a child to maturity
To bring a dead person to life
To increase a quantity, size, intensity or price
To lift (e.g. your hand) to a higher position
To mention a topic /issue for discussion; bring up
To increase (salary, etc.)
To grow or care for plants or animals

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

hump

US / hʌmp /

•

UK / hʌmp /

noun
Rounded mass, like that on the back of a camel

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

meter

US / ˈmi:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmitɚ /

noun
Unit of length equal to 100 cm or about 39 inches
Device for measuring things e.g. gas
Device to put money into to rent a parking place
Rhythm of a poem
verb
To measure water, etc. when it has to be paid for

diameter

US / daɪˈæmɪtə(r) /

•

UK / daɪˈæmɪtɚ /

noun
Distance across the center of an object

car

US / kɑ:(r) /

•

UK / kɑr /

noun
A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

fool

US / fu:l /

•

UK / ful /

noun
An idiot; someone who does something stupid
Person kept by royalty to entertain with jokes
verb
To trick someone; to deceive

leads

US / 'ledz /

•

UK / 'ledz /

other
Wires for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve crimes
Ropes used to tie some things to stop it escaping
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

convolute

US / ˈkɒnvəˌluːt /

•

UK / ˈkɑnvəˌlʊt /

noun
Rolled longitudinally upon itself

fall

US / fɔ:l /

•

UK / fɔl /

noun
Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
A drop in amount; decrease
Dropping from a standing position to the ground
verb
To drop in amount; to decrease
To come down from a higher position suddenly
To go from standing to the ground, by accident

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

engineer

US / ˌendʒɪ'nɪə(r) /

•

UK / ˌɛndʒəˈnɪr /

noun
Someone whose job is designing machines, buildings
Someone whose job is to repair or maintain engines

circumference

US / səˈkʌmfərəns /

•

UK / sərˈkʌmfərəns /

noun
Length around an outer boundary, e.g. a circle

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

outer

US / ˈaʊtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈaʊtɚ /

adjecitve
Far away
Being farther away from the center
On or around something; away from the center

without

US / wɪˈðaʊt /

•

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

preposition
Not with; not having

conversation

US / ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑnvɚˈseʃən /

noun
Talking with other people; discussion or chat

air

US / eə(r) /

•

UK / er /

noun
Mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
A person's manner intended to impress others
verb
To expose to the outside, to dry or freshen
To broadcast a TV or radio show
To open a subject to discussion and debate

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

notice

US / 'nəʊtɪs /

•

UK / ˈnotɪs /

noun
Time by when you must leave, e.g. if you are fired
Paper with an announcement, e.g. pinned to a board
verb
To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing

tightly

US / ˈtaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that doesn't allow movement

spam

US / spæm /

•

UK / spæm /

noun
Unwanted email, often commercial in nature
Manufactured meat made mainly of ham
verb
To send (someone) unwanted email

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

collapse

US / kə'læps /

•

UK / kəˈlæps /

verb
To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
To fall down suddenly due to being ill or tired

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

store

US / stɔ:(r) /

•

UK / stɔr, stor /

noun
Place where things are kept for future use
Place where you can go to buy things
verb
To put things in a place for later use

Introduction to Video Content

Wirtz pumps are a clever innovation in the field of fluid dynamics. These pumps feature a spiral design, with one continuous channel, that allows them to pump water higher than their own height. In this video, we will explore how these pumps work and showcase their capabilities. The idea for this video came from Ben Einhorn, and we appreciate his contribution. Before we demonstrate the pump's capabilities, let's take a closer look at its mechanism. Surprisingly, this pump leverages a principle that engineers typically find annoying - airlock. This provides me with an excellent opportunity to rectify a mistake I made in a previous video about water-solving mazes. In that video, I observed that water would stop flowing, even though there was still plenty of water in the tank. I initially attributed this to surface tension, but I now realize that it is due to airlock. In fact, it is the presence of several airlocks, one after the other, which prevents the top tank from emptying. To better understand how this works, I have constructed a setup with taps that allow me to control the liquid and air in the tubes. By filling certain sections with water and others with air, we can observe the behavior of the system. It is clear that the convoluted path taken by the water through the maze contributes to the formation of multiple airlocks. Now that we have a clear understanding of the mechanism behind airlock, we can proceed to test the pump's capabilities. Later in the video, we will demonstrate how high this pump can push water, showcasing its impressive functionality.

Subtitles section

There's something weird about this pump.

The spiral is one continuous channel.

The whole thing is only 20cm tall, but by turning it and periodically scooping up water, I can pump water substantially higher than 20cm.

Thanks to Ben Einhorn for the idea for this video.

I'll show you just how high the pump can push water a bit later in the video, but first, how does it work?

Surprisingly, this pump works because of a principle that is normally incredibly annoying for engineers.

I'm talking about airlock, and actually this gives me a perfect opportunity to correct a mistake that I made in a previous video about water solving mazes.

I noticed in that video that water would stop flowing, even though there was loads still in the tank.

That was surprising to me.

There's a clear path through the maze, so why doesn't it empty out?

I put it down to lots of little bits of surface tension adding up, but actually that's completely wrong, which is weird because I've never made a mistake in a video before.

Thanks to many of you for pointing it out.

Some of you, including Corey Albers, even brought receipts.

And by receipts, I mean diagrams.

What's really preventing the top tank from emptying is airlock.

Actually several airlocks, one after the other.

The path of water through the maze is quite convoluted, so it's hard to see what's going on, which is why I built this setup.

I've got a couple of taps here so that I can control the initial configuration of liquid in the tube.

I can push water from here, and I can push air in through here.

So now we have these three U-shaped bits of tube filled with water, and these three N-shaped bits of tube full of air.

Now this point is lower than this point, so surely if I were to fill this up to that point, all the water would fall out.

And you might think, well, I suppose for the water to flow through, we have to overcome this hump here.

We need to be able to push this water down with sufficient pressure to get over the hump, and then a kind of siphon effect will take care of it after that.

Well, look, this is the height that we need to overcome, and the height of water we have at our disposal is this.

So that's plenty.

We also need to overcome this hump, but again, that's shorter than the column of water we'll have when we fill this thing to the top.

And this hump, which is also shorter.

So why is it then, when I pour the water in, there's a little bit of movement, but we get stuck?

Well, each one of these barriers is an airlock, and it turns out that airlocks are cumulative.

Like, this column of liquid has to push this liquid up to the top here, but that liquid has to push this liquid to the top, and that liquid has to push this liquid to the top.

So this column of water needs to supply enough pressure to push this water up and what that water is pushing on over here, which includes what that water is pushing on over here.

And so it all adds up.

That means that if we want the water to drain, the height of this column needs to be greater than this height, this height, and this height added together, which it isn't.

And that's exactly the problem we had with the maze.

It's harder to see, but we have a number of airlocks here, here, and here.

So no wonder the whole thing grinds to a halt when these three heights added together are greater than these heights added together.

But for this compact little pump called a Wurtz pump, it means that we can push water to great heights.

Here's the thing though, this video isn't going to be as simple as I was hoping it would be.

And that's because this pump isn't behaving the way it's supposed to.

Each one of these separate arcs of water is supposed to be acting as a plug that prevents air traveling between the different sections that are filled with water.

If air is bubbling through from one region to another, that's a failure of the pump.

And if water spills from one region to another, that's a failure of the pump.

And in fact, when operating the pump, the water doesn't go particularly high, or at least not as high as I would expect it to.

And that's weird because these pumps definitely work on a larger scale.

Look, if I hold the pump in this position, you can see the issue.

This arc of water wants to fall down under gravity.

So does this one.

And because airlocks are cumulative, that should all add up.

They should be able to fall down and push this water up here.

In other words, the pump should be able to operate to a much greater output height before it fails with bubbling and spilling and so on.

I found one paper that said the cross-sectional area of the spiral pipes was important and that about a centimeter and a half diameter would work.

But they didn't explain what the issue is with narrower channels.

So I sent an email to Jonathan Dean asking for advice.

And brilliantly, he invited me to come and see the working pump he has at the bottom of his garden.

It just so happens to be close to where Matt Parker lives.

So he's there in the background.

Look.

I'm interested to see what's different about this pump compared to mine that doesn't work.

Also, Jonathan is here and I have some questions for him.

He'll tell me what size of pipe to use.

I need to try and find a transparent version.

Otherwise, it's not really a Steve Mulvaney.

Oh, I see it.

You see that?

Now, this is interesting.

So you've got the spiral there, but then the hose comes out and you've got this big pickup here.

That's the end that picks up the water and it jumps into the middle there.

It goes around and around and around.

That's because he wants to make sure that regardless of the level of the water, you're always going to get some pickup.

You've got airlocks several times in there and you just add up the pressures.

And then of course, you've got these big paddles and that's just to power the thing.

The rotating cup is hidden inside here because you've obviously got this bit that isn't rotating, that bit that is rotating.

You need water to be able to pass through the two without any kind of drifting.

You did email them and say, you know, I've got one of these, it rotates a million times in a season and it hasn't worn out.

And they never emailed back.

And this goes around, it scoops up the water.

And then this goes up a tube, right?

Yeah.

But it didn't work.

And that didn't work either.

That was arguably worse.

See, this is quite small diameter pipe.

You may need to use bigger pipe.

But I think it's a spiral that's bunched tightly towards the outside like mine with a big gap in the middle.

So the issue with it being small is what?

Surface tension.

Okay.

So water might not go in there very well, especially when you've got a pressure load on this side, so it's actually pumping up.

And you were saying if it's too big, if it's too wide, that's a problem as well.

Yes, if it's a great big pipe like that, it might be a problem because then you want to stay in plugs rather than air bubbling through the water.

And what were you saying about, look, see, I'm getting air coming up here.

No, that's not bad.

That has to happen.

Yeah.

Because in between each plug of water, there's air.

Yeah.

And the air gets pumped up just like the water gets pumped down.

And that means that like here, you can get your water even higher.

Yes.

So you get a certain amount of pressure built up there.

And if it was just water, you could raise the water a certain height.

And it practically doubles that height because you've got air in there.

The outlet pipe terminates eight meters above the river into a water butt.

Jonathan is able to create a bog habitat with this supply of water.

To have a bog garden, you need to really get the ground wet.

Yes.

And, you know, you could use tap water, but that's terribly wasteful.

So you're using the river at the bottom of your garden and it ends up back in the river.

Yes.

Nearly all of it ends up back in the river.

Here it comes.

And then there's the overflow here, which goes back down to the bog garden.

So it's circulating around.

Now, one winter when I've been inside, I found a tiny fish.

It had got pumped up as a minnow, been in there all winter.

It had grown and I caught it in my net and put it back in the river.

That's amazing.

So I have a new Wurtz pump.

This time the tube is wider and it doesn't spiral all the way into the middle, which means each turn of the coil is roughly the same circumference.

I forgot to explain why that's important.

If the circumference of the inner segments gets too short, then you end up with a problem.

A scoop of water that might take up, say, a third of the circumference of an outer segment will fill the whole circumference of an inner segment.

In reality, that just leads to bubbling and spilling over between the segments, as you can see here.

Rotating couple here.

So that should turn.

It does.

Let's hope it doesn't leak.

I'm also filming on the wide so we can see how high up the water goes.

Let's do a sink clap for that.

I've put white gaffer tape on the back so you can see where the water is.

I'm just turning it by hand.

I haven't set up any complicated thing.

Okay, here we go.

Come on.

Oh, come on.

Yes.

The benefit of me turning it by hand, and this is totally why I'm doing it this way, is at any point I can pull it out and you can see what's going on in there.

Hopefully.

I mean, it's hard for me to see from back here, but it looks like it's behaving as it should.

It never got any higher than that.

And if I ever turned it too fast, it would all collapse back down again, which is quite interesting behavior.

I wanted to see if I could use the thing to actually deliver water to a height.

So I shortened that vertical tube to the point where I could hook it over that drain bracket.

Come on.

That is a working words pump.

If ever I saw one.

Look how fast I can go.

Oh yeah, we're cooking now.

Come on.

Oh, good morning.

Am I speaking to Stephen Mould?

Yes.

Oh, grand.

Can I just confirm your home addresses?

Yep.

Oh, that's great.

It's just Jackie calling from the...

I've been fooled more than once by a phone call like that because the caller seems to know a lot about me, my home address, the car that I drive, but also they're calling from a plausible sounding, maybe governmental department.

So I think in this case, I've forgotten to tax my vehicle.

But as the conversation continues, I find out that they're just trying to sell me like legal cover or something like that.

I don't get phone calls like that anymore because I did something that would have been impossible for me to do on my own, but was very easy with the sponsor of this video, Incogni.

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I hope you enjoyed this video.

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