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You probably need way more Protein

Original YouTube Video | WhatIveLearned Published on 2023-08-13 Level：97 Speed：74 maxwordlevel：29

Video vocabulary

evidence

US / 'evɪdəns /

•

UK / ˈɛvɪdəns /

noun
Factual proof that helps to establish the truth

expression

US / ɪk'spreʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsprɛʃən /

noun
Act of making your thoughts and feelings known
Group of words that have a specific meaning

introduce

US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

•

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To open an essay to set the scene
To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
To begin the use of a new thing or practice
To make someone known to another by name
To insert or put something inside another thing

infertility

US / /

•

UK / /

noun
Inability to produce young; inability to reproduce

kilogram

US / ˈkɪləgræm /

•

UK / ˈkɪləɡræm /

noun
1000g

paper

US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

adjecitve
Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
Made from the material that we use to make books
noun
Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
Written test
Newspaper
Pages of a book are made from this

pretty

US / 'prɪtɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɪti /

adjecitve
Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
adverb
Very; to a great degree

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

junk

US / dʒʌŋk /

•

UK / dʒʌŋk /

noun
Something that is old, useless, or has no value
verb
To get rid of something because it has no value

metabolic

US / ˌmetə'bɒlɪk /

•

UK / ˌmetə'bɒlɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning the body's metabolism

metabolism

US / məˈtæbəlɪzəm /

•

UK / mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm /

noun
Chemical processes to convert food to energy

produce

US / prə'dju:s /

•

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

noun
Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
verb
To grow something naturally
To make something appear
To manufacture something using machines
To control the making a movie or television show

professor

US / prəˈfesə(r) /

•

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

noun
Teacher who teaches at a college or university

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

build

US / bɪld /

•

UK / bɪld /

noun
Your physical shape; physique
verb
To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
To construct a house, office, factory

fill

US / fɪl /

•

UK / fɪl /

noun
Act of filling; amount used to make something full
verb
To make something full
To move into all parts of an area
To repair a surface by adding a substance to it
To use (time); to do something during

old

US / əʊld /

•

UK / old /

adjecitve
Having existed for a long time, not young or new
Age of a person since birth

mineral

US / 'mɪnərəl /

•

UK / ˈmɪnərəl /

noun
Substance naturally formed in the ground

chart

US / tʃɑ:t /

•

UK / tʃɑ:rt /

noun
Drawing showing information in a clear way
Map of the sea or stars
verb
To make a plan for future action
To make a map of
To keep a record of developments over time

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

optimal

US / ˈɒptɪməl /

•

UK / ˈɑptəməl /

adjecitve
Best or most desirable; best possible

reference

US / 'refrəns /

•

UK / ˈrɛfərəns, ˈrɛfrəns /

noun
A letter of recommendation, e.g. for a job
Note in a book, etc. giving source of information
A location on a map
verb
To cite a piece of research in speech or writing

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

sufficient

US / səˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / səˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Having or providing enough when needed

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

bit

US / bɪt /

•

UK / bɪt /

noun
Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
Small piece of something
verb
(E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

notoriously

US / nəʊ'tɔ:rɪəslɪ /

•

UK / noˈtɔrɪəslɪ /

adverb
So as to be well-known for being something bad

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

approach

US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

•

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

noun
Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
verb
To get close to reaching something or somewhere
To request someone to do something specific

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

kangaroo

US / ˌkæŋgəˈru: /

•

UK / ˌkæŋɡəˈru /

noun
Large Australian animal which hops

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

show

US / ʃəʊ /

•

UK / ʃo /

noun
False display of love, emotion or action
An event for displaying or promoting goods
Play, opera or theater production
Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
verb
To be easily seen or displayed
To display your emotions or feelings
To let someone see something; display
To explain or teach how something is done
To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
To prove something to be true, correct
To reveal or allow something to be seen

bet

US / bet /

•

UK / bet /

noun
Act of gambling money on the result of a race etc.
verb
To gamble money to win more money, e.g. on horses

dietary

US / 'daɪətərɪ /

•

UK / ˈdaɪɪˌtɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning the food one consumes

due

US / dju: /

•

UK / du, dju /

adjecitve
When something is required or expected
Owed to a person as a right
noun
Something you deserve; something you can expect

lour

US / ˈlaʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlaʊər /

verb
To set lower

obesity

US / əʊ'bi:sətɪ /

•

UK / oˈbisɪti /

noun
State of being so fat it can harm your health

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

article

US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

•

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

noun
Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
Piece of writing about a particular subject
Piece of something, e.g. clothing
Section of a business contract or law

fat

US / fæt /

•

UK / fæt /

adjecitve
Having too much weight for the body size
Bringing or having a large amount of money
noun
Amount beyond what is usual or necessary
Oily part of meat

mac

US / mæk /

•

UK / mæk /

noun
Macaroni.
A mackintosh.
A type of personal computer.
A form of address for a man whose name is unknown to the speaker.

rabbit

US / ˈræbɪt /

•

UK / ˈræbɪt /

noun
Type of small animal with long ears and four legs

link

US / lɪŋk /

•

UK / lɪŋk /

noun
Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
Connection between two or more things or people
Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
verb
To join or connect together

blunt

US / blʌnt /

•

UK / blʌnt /

adjecitve
Without a sharp edge or point
verb
To make dull or lessen the sharpness of something

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

content

US / 'kɒntent /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌtɛnt /

adjecitve
Being happy or satisfied
noun
Information in something, e.g. book or computer

establish

US / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪˈstæblɪʃ /

verb
To set or create something to last for a long time
To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity

effect

US / ɪ'fekt /

•

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

noun
An advantage, benefit
Change brought about by a cause; result

meal

US / mi:l /

•

UK / mil /

noun
Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
Grain that has been ground into a powder

pattern

US / 'pætn /

•

UK / ˈpætən /

noun
Model to follow in making or doing something
Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
Regular repeated behavior
verb
To copy the way something else is made

minimum

US / ˈmɪnɪməm /

•

UK / ˈmɪnəməm /

noun
Smallest degree or level that is acceptable

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

wide

US / waɪd /

•

UK / waɪd /

adjecitve
Having a great distance from one side to the other
adverb
Fully; completely

cardiovascular

US / ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r) /

•

UK / ˌkɑrdioˈvæskjəlɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning the heart and vessels of the body

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

expect

US / ɪk'spekt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

verb
To believe something is probably going to happen

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

weight

US / weɪt /

•

UK / wet /

noun
How heavy something is
Metal object to measure how heavy something is
Importance, power, and influence person, thing has
A source of worry, sadness, or emotional stress

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

food

US / fu:d /

•

UK / fud /

noun
What people and animals eat to live
Things taken in by plants to maintain life
A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

quite

US / kwaɪt /

•

UK / kwaɪt /

adverb
Not very; fairly
Very; In a complete or total manner

whole

US / həul /

•

UK / hol /

adjecitve
Complete or full; all of
Being in a good condition
noun
Complete amount or sum; total

child

US / tʃaɪld /

•

UK / tʃaɪld /

noun
A very young person, between about 2 and 15

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

disease

US / dɪˈzi:z /

•

UK / dɪˈziz /

noun
Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

liver

US / ˈlɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɪvɚ /

noun
Organ from animals served as food
Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood

pack

US / pæk /

•

UK / pæk /

noun
Bag carried on the back of donkey, etc.
Group of people, animals, or objects
verb
To put things in a suitcase to go on a trip
To crowd a place with a large amount of things
To put something into a container to store it

prevent

US / prɪ'vent /

•

UK / prɪˈvɛnt /

verb
To stop something from happening or existing

role

US / rəʊl /

•

UK / rol /

noun
Character played by an actor
Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility

shaker

US / 'ʃeɪkə(r) /

•

UK / 'ʃeɪkər /

noun
Person who wields power and influence

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

savory

US / ˈseɪ.vər.i /

•

UK / ˈseɪ.vɚ.i /

adjecitve
(Of taste) salty or spicy rather than sweet
(Of food) salty or spicy rather than sweet
noun
Savoury food is salty or spicy and not sweet in taste

bone

US / bəʊn /

•

UK / bon /

noun
Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
verb
To remove bones from meat or fish

devote

US / dɪˈvəʊt /

•

UK / dɪˈvoʊt /

verb
To dedicate
To decide to use or give (your time, efforts)

pick

US / pɪk /

•

UK / pɪk /

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
Item selected from a group of choices
verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

canadian

US / kəˈneɪdiən /

•

UK / kəˈnediən /

adjecitve
Concerning the culture and people of Canada
noun
Person from Canada

almond

US / ˈɑ:mənd /

•

UK / ˈɑmənd /

noun
Type of long flat nut

income

US / ˈɪnkʌm /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌkʌm /

noun
Earned money from work, investments or business

enter

US / 'entə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

verb
To start a career or an education
To become a competitor in a contest
To add or type information in a computer
To go into a room, building etc.

nearly

US / ˈniəli /

•

UK / ˈnɪrli /

adverb
Not completely; almost

raw

US / rɔ: /

•

UK / rɔ /

adjecitve
Being uncontrolled or strong, as your emotions
Being inexperienced
Being in a natural or unchanged state
(Of skin) being red and sore on the surface
(Of foods) uncooked

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

stevia

US / s'ti:vɪə /

•

UK / s'ti:vɪr /

noun
Any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia

experience

US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

noun
Thing a person has done or that happened to them
An event at which you learned something
Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
verb
To gain knowledge by doing things

macronutrient

US / ˌmæk.rəʊˈnjuː.tri.ənt /

•

UK / ˌmæk.roʊˈnuː.tri.ənt /

noun
A type of food (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the diet

norway

US / ˈnɔːweɪ /

•

UK / ˈnɔrˌweɪ /

noun
A constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achi

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

potassium

US / pəˈtæsiəm /

•

UK / pəˈtæsiəm /

noun
A common, soft, silvery white metal with many uses

protein

US / ˈprəʊti:n /

•

UK / ˈprəʊˌtiːn /

noun
Group of molecules made from amino acids

trial

US / ˈtraɪəl /

•

UK / ˈtraɪəl, traɪl /

adjecitve
Being made or done as a test or experiment
noun
Hearing and judgment of a case in court
Act or process of testing or experimenting
verb
To be made or done as a test or experiment

additive

US / ˈædətɪv /

•

UK / ˈædɪtɪv /

adjecitve
Added to a food or drink
noun
Substance added to a food or drink

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

bogus

US / 'bəʊɡəs /

•

UK / ˈboɡəs /

adjecitve
Not genuine; false

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

signal

US / 'sɪɡnəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪɡnəl /

adjecitve
Most important or most noticeable
noun
Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
Act/sound that tells people to do/start something
Road-side lights that direct traffic to go or stop
Sound and light waves carrying TV and radio data
verb
To be evidence/an indication something will happen
To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start

single

US / 'sɪŋɡl /

•

UK / ˈsɪŋɡəl /

adjecitve
Being one only, without others
Only; merely
Not married or in a relationship
noun
One run in cricket or a hit baseball
An individual song from a CD or album
Person who is not married or in a relationship

consume

US / kən'sju:m /

•

UK / kənˈsum /

verb
To eat, drink, buy or use up something
To take all your energy; focus the attention

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

graph

US / græf /

•

UK / ɡræf /

noun
Image expressing numerical data in lines or shapes
verb
To show data using images

norepinephrine

US / ˌnɔ:repɪ'nefrɪn /

•

UK / ˌnɔ:epə'nefrɪn /

adjecitve

magnesium

US / mægˈni:ziəm /

•

UK / mæɡˈniziəm,-ʒəm /

noun
Silver, white metal burning with a white flame

question

US / 'kwestʃən /

•

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

noun
Issue or problems you are dealing with
What you ask about; issue
verb
To ask for or try to get information
To have or express concerns or uncertainty

nutrient

US / ˈnju:triənt /

•

UK / ˈnutriənt /

noun
A chemical living things needs to be healthy

purchase

US / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

•

UK / ˈpɜːrtʃəs /

noun
Something that you bought
Strong hold on something; grip
verb
To buy something; to get by paying money for it

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

cool

US / ku:l /

•

UK / kul /

adjecitve
Steady and calm when facing difficulties
Almost cold; not warm or hot
Smart or stylish in a way (young) people admire
Unfriendly in an indirect way; distant
verb
To make something decrease in temperature
(Of an emotion, etc.) to become less strongly felt

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

mass

US / mæs /

•

UK / mæs /

noun
Religious ceremony in some Christian churches
Large amount or number of something
Main or largest part of something
Large number of people considered as a whole
Amount of matter that an object has
verb
To gather people or things into a large group

per

US / pə(r) /

•

UK / pɚ /

preposition
In the manner directed or suggested
For each; during each

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

beautifully

US / ˈbju:tɪfli /

•

UK / ˈbjutəfəlɪ /

adverb
Having dome something well
In a beautiful manner; well; perfectly

coffee

US / ˈkɒfi /

•

UK / ˈkɔ:fi /

adjecitve
A brown chocolate color
noun
A brown drink made from roasted beans and water

carb

US / kɑːb /

•

UK / kɑːrb /

noun
Short form of carbohydrate

dedicated

US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

•

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

verb
To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
To give your energy, time, etc. completely

lower

US / 'ləʊə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlaʊɚ, laʊr /

adjecitve
In a position more near the bottom
verb
To move something downward to the ground

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

limit

US / 'lɪmɪt /

•

UK / ˈlɪmɪt /

noun
Point beyond which it is not possible to go
verb
To stop or prevent an increase past a point

source

US / sɔ:s /

•

UK / sɔrs, sors /

adjecitve
Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
noun
Piece of information; a person giving information
Place from which something necessary comes
verb
To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

vegetable

US / ˈvedʒtəbl /

•

UK / ˈvɛdʒtəbəl, ˈvɛdʒɪtə- /

adjecitve
Made from plants such as tomato, lettuce, carrots
noun
Plant that is raised and eaten as food

since

US / sɪns /

•

UK / sɪns /

adverb
At a point before the present time
conjunction
For this reason; because
preposition
From the time in the past that

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

US / wɪˈðɪn /

•

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

adverb
Inside the limits of an area, time or range
preposition
From the inside of something

yourself

US / jɔ:ˈself /

•

UK / jʊrˈsɛlf, jɔr-, jor-, jə- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'you', used for an emphasis

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

surmise

US / səˈmaɪz /

•

UK / sərˈmaɪz /

verb
To make a reasonable guess

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

satiety

US / səˈtaɪəti /

•

UK / səˈtaɪəti /

noun
State of being satisfactorily full

amount

US / ə'maʊnt /

•

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

noun
Quantity of something
verb
To add up to a certain figure

caffeine

US / ˈkæfi:n /

•

UK / kæˈfin, ˈkæfˌin, ˈkæfiɪn /

noun
Substance in coffee, etc. that keeps you awake

consumption

US / kənˈsʌmpʃn /

•

UK / kənˈsʌmpʃən /

noun
The act of buying and using products
The act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used
A serious disease of the lungs

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

kidney

US / 'kɪdnɪ /

•

UK / ˈkɪdni /

noun
Body organ that cleans blood, producing urine

replace

US / rɪ'pleɪs /

•

UK / rɪˈples /

verb
To use instead of something else
To return an item to its original location

leverage

US / 'li:vərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə- /

noun
An advantage which gives you influence or power
verb
To use an advantage which gives you influence

score

US / skɔ:(r) /

•

UK / skɔr, skor /

noun
A sharp mark or cut in the surface of something
Current number of points given in a game, contest
The written notes and parts of a piece of music
An achievement of success
Number of points on a test
verb
To mark or cut something with a sharp object
To get or give points in a game, contest, or test
To achieve success with something
To get points in a test

unflavored

US / /

•

UK / /

verb
Without flavoring added

cellular

US / 'seljələ(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛljəlɚ /

adjecitve
Concerning a cell of a living thing
(Of radio signals) functioning without wires

acceptable

US / əkˈseptəbl /

•

UK / ækˈsɛptəbəl /

adjecitve
Satisfactory; good enough

home

US / həʊm /

•

UK / hom /

adjecitve
A sports team's own field or place of play
adverb
Into the correct or intended position
noun
House, apartment or building to be rented or sold
Institution for sick or elderly people
Place where a person or a family lives
Country where a person lives or was born
Region that is native to peoples, plant or animals
verb
To move towards a particular target location

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

load

US / ləʊd /

•

UK / lod /

noun
Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
A burden; heavy responsibility
Many or much of something; a lot of
Items that fill a truck, machine
verb
To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

report

US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

•

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

noun
Account of the necessary facts and information
The telling of news in the media
Official statement about something
verb
To submit a report or bill to the government
To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
To state something officially
To officially present yourself to an authority
To describe something by telling it to others

range

US / reɪndʒ /

•

UK / rendʒ /

noun
Cooking stove with multiple burners
Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
Group or chain of mountains
Set of things with something in common
Limits within which something extends or varies
A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
verb
To cover an area from one point to another
To extend to or vary within given limits
To put things in a row or in line
To wander or explore

tasty

US / ˈteɪsti /

•

UK / ˈtesti /

adjecitve
Good tasting; having a lot of flavor

nation

US / 'neɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈneʃən /

noun
Area or region controlled by a government and army

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

intestine

US / ɪnˈtestɪn /

•

UK / ɪnˈtɛstɪn /

noun
Long tube in the body for digesting food

hydration

US / haɪ'dreɪʃn /

•

UK / haɪ'dreɪʃn /

noun
Process of supplying or adding water to

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

oil

US / ɔɪl /

•

UK / ɔɪl /

noun
A liquid used for frying foods
Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
verb
To add a liquid for frying foods
To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

strong

US / strɒŋ /

•

UK / strɔŋ /

adjecitve
(Of tea or beer) dark or thick
Having big muscles; physically powerful

wealthy

US / ˈwelθi /

•

UK / ˈwɛlθi /

adjecitve
Having a great quantity of money or property

control

US / kən'trəʊl /

•

UK / kənˈtrol /

noun
A device designed to operate a machine
Participant in experiment that is left untouched
Act to dominate or command; make manageable
A law limiting the growth or spread of something
A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
verb
To direct or influence the behavior of something

chronic

US / 'krɒnɪk /

•

UK / ˈkrɑnɪk /

adjecitve
Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
(Of disease) over a long time; serious

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

molecule

US / ˈmɒlɪkju:l /

•

UK / ˈmɑlɪˌkjul /

noun
Two or more atoms chemically combined

urge

US / ɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɚdʒ /

noun
A strong desire for something
Strong pressure on someone to do something
verb
To drive something forward
To ask or encourage someone to do something

scrap

US / skræp /

•

UK / skræp /

adjecitve
Unneeded and thrown away
noun
A fight with someone
Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
other
Wasted things such as metal
verb
To fight with someone

claim

US / kleɪm /

•

UK / klem /

noun
Demand for something that is believed to be due
Something said to be true when others don't agree
verb
To demand something that is believed to be due
To cause someone's life to come to an end
To say something is true when others may not agree

grab

US / ɡræb /

•

UK / ɡræb /

verb
To take and hold something quickly

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

vox

US / vɒks /

•

UK / vɒks /

noun
(especially in music journalism) vocals; voice.

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

element

US / 'elɪmənt /

•

UK / ˈɛləmənt /

noun
Essential or particular part of something

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

obvious

US / ˈɒbviəs /

•

UK / ˈɑbviəs /

adjecitve
Easily understood and clear; plain to see

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

ribeye

US / 'rɪb.aɪ /

•

UK / 'rɪb.aɪ /

noun
A cut of beef from the outer side of the ribs

craving

US / ˈkreɪvɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈkrevɪŋ /

verb
To have a very strong desire for something

egg

US / eg /

•

UK / ɛɡ /

noun
Hard-shelled thing from which a young bird is born

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

juice

US / dʒu:s /

•

UK / dʒus /

noun
Liquids (often squeezed from vegetables, fruit)
Something that supplies power, e.g. electricity

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

unhealthy

US / ʌn'helθɪ /

•

UK / ʌnˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
Being in poor health; sickly
Not healthy; that might make you sick

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

deficient

US / dɪˈfɪʃnt /

•

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənt /

adjecitve
Lacking something necessary

different

US / ˈdɪfrənt /

•

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

adjecitve
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

health

US / helθ /

•

UK / hɛlθ /

noun
(Person, company) being in a good condition; well

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

obese

US / əʊˈbi:s /

•

UK / oˈbis /

adjecitve
Fat over a long period, so harming your health

lean

US / li:n /

•

UK / lin /

adjecitve
Having a low fat content
Efficient; well-designed with no waste
Thin; slim; skinny; with little fat on your body
verb
To balance against or on something for support
To have a tendency to do something; favor

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

week

US / wi:k /

•

UK / wik /

noun
Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

beef

US / bi:f /

•

UK / bif /

noun
Red meat from cows

energy

US / 'enədʒɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛnədʒi /

noun
Physical or mental strength

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

great

US / ɡreɪt /

•

UK / ɡret /

adjecitve
Very large in size
Very important
Very good; fantastic; wonderful
adverb
Very good; better than before
noun
Successful and well-admired person

enough

US / ɪˈnʌf /

•

UK / ɪˈnʌf /

adjecitve
Sufficient to answer the need
adverb
To a satisfactory degree
pronoun
Equal to what is needed; as much as required
Adequate number or amount

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

mix

US / mɪks /

•

UK / mɪks /

noun
A combination of more than two things
verb
To combine two or more things to make one
To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

require

US / rɪ'kwaɪə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈkwaɪr /

verb
To demand that someone does something
To need to do something, to make it necessary

total

US / ˈtəʊtl /

•

UK / ˈtoʊtl /

adjecitve
Complete
noun
Whole number or amount of something
verb
To damage a car beyond repair

type

US / taɪp /

•

UK / taɪp /

noun
Printed letters or blocks used for printing them
Group of things or people sharing common features
verb
To identify something belonging to a group
To write by touching keys on a keyboard

snack

US / snæk /

•

UK / snæk /

noun
Small amount of food eaten between meals
verb
To eat a small amount outside of regular meal time

baby

US / ˈbeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈbeɪbi /

adjecitve
Small in size; smaller than usual
noun
A very young child, who cannot yet speak
verb
To treat someone as if they were newly born

essentially

US / ɪˈsenʃəli /

•

UK / ɪˈsenʃəli /

adverb
Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)

growth

US / grəʊθ /

•

UK / groʊθ /

noun
Improvement, development in a skill over time
A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
Act of growing

overweight

US / ˌəʊvə'weɪt /

•

UK / ˌovɚˈwet /

adjecitve
Weighing more than a normal or allowed amount

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

cause

US / kɔ:z /

•

UK / kɔz /

noun
Belief, goal or organization that people support
Reason for
verb
To make something happen; create effect or result

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

cell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

noun
Smallest unit of living things in biology
Group of people - often from a secret organization
Prisoner's room in a jail
Shortened form of 'cellphone'

argue

US / ˈɑ:gju: /

•

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

verb
To fight or disagree over something
To state your reasons for or against an idea

example

US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

noun
Thing, person which represents a category

each

US / i:tʃ /

•

UK / itʃ /

determiner
Every one of two or more things
pronoun
Per one person or thing

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

already

US / ɔ:lˈredi /

•

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

adverb
Having happened or been done before this time

diet

US / 'daɪət /

•

UK / ˈdaɪɪt /

noun
Plan of eating to reduce weight or improve health
other
The usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
verb
To eat special or less food, as to lose weight

electrolyte

US / ɪˈlektrəlaɪt /

•

UK / ɪˈlɛktrəˌlaɪt /

noun
Electrically charged substances

indeed

US / ɪnˈdi:d /

•

UK / ɪnˈdid /

adverb
Actually; in fact; in reality

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

regulate

US / ˈregjuleɪt /

•

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

verb
To control something with rules or laws
To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

healthy

US / ˈhelθi /

•

UK / ˈhɛlθi /

adjecitve
In good condition physically, or financially; well

himself

US / hɪmˈself /

•

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same (male) person who did the action

knowledge

US / ˈnɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈnɑlɪdʒ /

noun
Information, understanding, or skill

machinery

US / məˈʃi:nəri /

•

UK / məˈʃinəri, -ˈʃinri /

noun
System/processes to get official approval, etc.
Machines in general
Inner, working parts of a machine

mortar

US / ˈmɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈmɔ:rtə(r) /

noun
Stone bowl for crushing substances with a pestle
Cement, sand, etc. mixture for bonding bricks, etc.
verb
To use a bonding cement to coat walls

nourishing

US / 'nʌrɪʃɪŋ /

•

UK / 'nʌrɪʃɪŋ /

verb
To cause an idea, belief, or feeling to develop
To provide food and the necessary things to live

randomize

US / ˈrændəmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈrændəmaɪz /

verb
To arrange in a random order

retain

US / rɪ'teɪn /

•

UK / rɪˈten /

verb
To continue to have or use; keep the quality of
To keep one thing inside another for a time
To memorize information

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

totally

US / ˈtəʊtəli /

•

UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /

adverb
In a complete way; completely; absolutely

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

either

US / ˈaɪðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈiðɚ, ˈaɪðɚ /

adjecitve
One of two (used when there is a choice of two)
adverb
(After negative statements) likewise, in addition
conjunction
Used as the first of two connected things
determiner
Used as the first of two connected things
pronoun
The one or the other

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

try

US / traɪ /

•

UK / traɪ /

noun
Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
verb
To make an effort, to attempt to do something
To examine someone or something in a court of law
To test to see if it is good or you like it
To make a person go through hardship; test
To examine something to see if it works

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

ameliorate

US / əˈmi:liəreɪt /

•

UK / əˈmiljəˌret /

verb
To improve a bad situation; make something better

compose

US / kəmˈpəʊz /

•

UK / kəmˈpoʊz /

verb
To calm yourself after being angry or upset
To write an essay, article, poem, music etc.
To form something from a series of parts
To come together to form or make e.g. music
To structure a picture or image to make an effect

gym

US / dʒɪm /

•

UK / dʒɪm /

noun
Physical education taught as a class in school
Building used for physical activities or sports

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

medical

US / ˈmedɪkl /

•

UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to physical health or medicine
noun
A health check or test

peptide

US / ˈpeptaɪd /

•

UK / ˈpɛpˌtaɪd /

noun
Amide derived from two or more amino acids

sweat

US / swet /

•

UK / swɛt /

noun
An amount of hard work
(Of work, job) hard; needing effort
Liquid from your skin when you are hot or nervous
verb
To do an amount of hard work
To be worried or anxious about something
To produce drops of water from your skin when hot

syndrome

US / 'sɪndrəʊm /

•

UK / ˈsɪnˌdrom /

noun
A group of signs and symptoms of a disease

should

US / ʃʊd /

•

UK / ʃʊd /

other
Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

amino

US / ə'miːnəʊ /

•

UK / ə'miːnəʊ /

noun
Of some substances that form proteins

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

glucose

US / 'ɡlu:kəʊs /

•

UK / ˈɡluˌkos /

noun
Natural type of sugar found in fruits and plants

realize

US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

verb
To become aware of or understand mentally

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

sodium

US / 'səʊdɪəm /

•

UK / ˈsodiəm /

noun
A soft, white chemical element

consider

US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

•

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

verb
To think carefully about something

beneficial

US / ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl /

•

UK / ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl /

adjecitve
Giving an advantage, having a helpful effect

precursor

US / pri:ˈkɜ:sə(r) /

•

UK / pri:ˈkɜ:rsə(r) /

noun
Something that comes before another; forerunner

taste

US / teɪst /

•

UK / test /

noun
(Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
A liking for something; preference
Brief experience of something
verb
To experience something
To experience the flavor of food, drink
To briefly experience to see if you like something

weird

US / wɪəd /

•

UK / wɪrd /

adjecitve
Odd or unusual; surprising; strange

straight

US / streɪt /

•

UK / stret /

adjecitve
Not having curves, bends, or angles
Not gay; heterosexual
honest and direct
adverb
in a line; immediately; honestly and directly

certain

US / ˈsə:tn /

•

UK / ˈsɚtn /

adjecitve
Definite, fixed
Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
Being sure about something; without doubt

associate

US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

•

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

adjecitve
Part of a job title indicating a junior position
noun
Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
verb
To spend time with other people; mix with
To form a connection in your mind between things

develop

US / dɪ'veləp /

•

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

verb
To explain something in steps and in detail
To create or think of something
To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
To make a photograph from film

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

ever

US / 'evə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any time; at all times in the future

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

pizza

US / ˈpi:tsə /

•

UK / ˈpitsə /

noun
Round Italian food with cheese cooked in an oven

gene

US / dʒi:n /

•

UK / dʒin /

noun
Part of cell controlling development of a thing

point

US / pɔɪnt /

•

UK / pɔɪnt /

noun
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A certain time or stage in a process
Certain position in time or space
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

secrete

US / sɪ'kri:t /

•

UK / sɪˈkrit /

verb
To hide something so it will not be seen or found
To produce a liquid from a bodily organ

switch

US / swɪtʃ /

•

UK / swɪtʃ /

noun
A change or shift from one method to another
Thing you move to turn electrical items on or off
Thin flexible piece of wood or stick
verb
To exchange or replace something for another thing

compel

US / kəm'pel /

•

UK / kəmˈpɛl /

verb
To force someone to do something

diabete

US / /

•

UK / /

eat

US / i:t /

•

UK / it /

verb
To put food in your mouth

four

US / fɔ:(r) /

•

UK / fɔr, for /

number
4

imagine

US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

•

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

verb
To think creatively about; form mental picture of

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

probably

US / ˈprɒbəbli /

•

UK / ˈprɑbəbli /

adverb
That is likely to happen or be true

lick

US / lɪk /

•

UK / lɪk /

verb
To pass the tongue along something, e.g. ice cream

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

call

US / kɔ:l /

•

UK / kɔl /

noun
A order or request for action
The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
A short visit to a place or person
A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
verb
To make a request or order for action
(Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
To announce the date of an election
To make a judgment about something
To give someone or something a name
To guess in advance the result or outcome
To visit a place or person for a short time
To phone someone
To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

double

US / 'dʌbl /

•

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

adjecitve
Concerning or intended for use by two people
Two times the amount or degree; twice
Made of two parts that are the same, similar
noun
Person that is exactly like someone else
verb
To be used for two functions at the same time
To make or become twice as much

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

epidemiological

US / ˌepɪˌdi:mɪə'lɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌepɪˌdi:mɪr'lɒdʒɪkl /

adjecitve
Of or relating to epidemiology; "epidemiological studies"

picture

US / 'pɪktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈpɪktʃɚ /

noun
General situation or state of being
Mental image of what something is or looks like
Movie; film
Painting, drawing or photograph on paper or screen
verb
To understand or imagine something
To imagine someone or something in an image

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

trick

US / trɪk /

•

UK / trɪk /

adjecitve
Not reliable; likely to deceive you
noun
Act of trying to fool someone
Quick or skillful way of doing something
Something done to make someone laugh
verb
To fool someone in order to obtain a result
To playfully tease or fool to make someone laugh

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

calorie

US / 'kælərɪ /

•

UK / ˈkæləri /

noun
Unit for measuring the amount of energy in food

decide

US / dɪ'saɪd /

•

UK / dɪˈsaɪd /

verb
To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
To make a legal judgment in court
to affect the result of something

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

composition

US / ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkɑ:mpəˈzɪʃn /

noun
Piece of writing, music etc.
A piece of music
Structure of a picture or image to make an effect

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

gabrielle

US / ˈgæbriɛl /

•

UK / /

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

another

US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

•

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

adjecitve
One more, but not this
determiner
One more added
pronoun
One more (thing)

adolescent

US / ˌædəˈlesnt /

•

UK / ˌædə'lesnt /

adjecitve
Of the period between childhood and adulthood
noun
Teenager developing into an adult

issue

US / 'ɪʃu: /

•

UK / ˈɪʃu /

noun
Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
Single edition of a magazine
verb
To make something available to be used or sold
To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

footage

US / ˈfʊtɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈfʊtɪdʒ /

noun
A certain amount of film or video of something
Measurement in feet

environment

US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

•

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

noun
Natural world in which plants and animals live
The entire surrounding conditions of something

ton

US / tʌn /

•

UK / tʌn /

noun
Unit of weight; 907 kilograms (US); 1016 (UK)

sometimes

US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /

adverb
Only at certain times; occasionally

anything

US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
A thing of any kind

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

plenty

US / 'plentɪ /

•

UK / ˈplɛnti /

pronoun
When there is not too little of something; a lot

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

cereal

US / 'sɪərɪəl /

•

UK / ˈsɪriəl /

noun
Breakfast food eaten with milk
Grain that can be eaten

chair

US / tʃeə(r) /

•

UK / tʃer /

noun
A person in charge of an official meeting
A piece of furniture you sit on
verb
To be in charge of a meeting or department

couple

US / 'kʌpl /

•

UK / ˈkʌpəl /

noun
Two people in a romantic relationship
Two of something; two people; a pair
verb
To join something to something else
(Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
To put two people or things together

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

maintain

US / meɪn'teɪn /

•

UK / menˈten /

verb
To keep saying something a certain way
To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
To keep, exist or continue without changing

name

US / neɪm /

•

UK / nem /

noun
What something or someone is called
verb
To state what someone is called, e.g. John

lie

US / laɪ /

•

UK / lai /

noun
An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
verb
To be in a horizontal or flat position
To say something that you know is not true

supermarket

US / ˈsju:pəˌmɑ:kit /

•

UK / ˈsupɚˌmɑrkɪt /

noun
Self-service store selling groceries etc.

slash

US / slæʃ /

•

UK / slæʃ /

noun
Line ( / ) used in writing
Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
verb
To cut violently with a sharp object
To decrease something by a large amount

serotonin

US / ˌserəˈtəʊnɪn /

•

UK / ˌserəˈtoʊnɪn /

noun
Compound that is in blood

salty

US / ˈsɔ:lti /

•

UK / ˈsɔlti /

adjecitve
Containing or tasting like salt
Involving a clever and funny joke about sex

satiation

US / ˌseɪʃiˈeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌseɪʃiˈeɪʃn /

noun
Act of achieving full gratification

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

deficiency

US / dɪˈfɪʃnsi /

•

UK / dɪˈfɪʃənsi /

noun
Lack of something that is necessary

drink

US / drɪŋk /

•

UK / drɪŋk /

noun
A liquid that you put in your mouth
verb
To put water in your body through your mouth

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

large

US / lɑ:dʒ /

•

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

adjecitve
Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

reduction

US / rɪ'dʌkʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈdʌkʃən /

noun
Act of making something smaller
Amount that a price is decreased by

swallow

US / 'swɒləʊ /

•

UK / ˈswɑː.loʊ /

noun
Small northern bird with downward-pointing wings
Making food or drink go down to the stomach
verb
To believe (something that is not true)
To make food go from your mouth to your stomach
To cover or hide something

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

base

US / beɪs /

•

UK / bes /

noun
Place military personnel live, train, and operate
Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
Most important idea or ingredient to add others
Origin or start from which something came
Main place where an organization or a person works
verb
To use as the starting point or origin for
To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

breath

US / breθ /

•

UK / brɛθ /

noun
Air you take in and out of your body

biological

US / ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

•

UK / ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

adjecitve
Being related to life and living things

journal

US / ˈdʒə:nl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɚnəl /

noun
A diary; record of what you do every day
Magazine of academic papers

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

seed

US / si:d /

•

UK / sid /

noun
A person's children; offspring
Part of a plant used to grow more on them
Source of a feeling or thought
Top-ranked person in a competition, e.g. in tennis
verb
(Of plants) to produce seeds for the future
To produce seeds, as a plant
To remove the center part from a fruit or vegetable
To be the source of a feeling or thought
To plant seeds in the ground

sugar

US / ˈʃʊgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʃʊɡɚ /

noun
Substance which the body stores or uses for energy
Amount of sugar contained in a small spoon
Used to address someone you like or love
White sweet substance used to make foods sweeter
verb
To add, put on, or mix a food or drink with sugar

variety

US / və'raɪətɪ /

•

UK / vəˈraɪɪti /

noun
Particular type of thing or person

skeletal

US / ˈskelətl /

•

UK / ˈskɛlɪtl /

adjecitve
Of the bones of the body
So thin that you see bones through the skin

cancer

US / 'kænsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

noun
Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

completely

US / kəmˈpli:tli /

•

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

adverb
In every way or as much as possible

optimize

US / ˈɒptɪmaɪz /

•

UK / ˈɑ:ptɪmaɪz /

verb
To make as effective as possible

milk

US / mɪlk /

•

UK / mɪlk /

noun
White liquid produced by females to feed babies
verb
To take white liquid from cows etc. to drink
To take as much from a person/situation as you can

only

US / ˈəunli /

•

UK / ˈonli /

adverb
Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
Not very important or serious
Just that type of thing, person
Short time ago; not before a certain time
conjunction
Except; but

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

deep

US / di:p /

•

UK / dip /

adjecitve
Complex and important
Extreme or intense
Going far down from the surface
Low in pitch, as a sound
adverb
At a certain distance beneath the surface

crave

US / kreɪv /

•

UK / krev /

verb
To have a very strong desire for something

hungry

US / ˈhʌŋgri /

•

UK / ˈhʌŋɡri /

adjecitve
Feeling a need or want to eat food
Being eager to get or do something

man

US / mæn /

•

UK / mæn /

noun
Humans in general, including male and female
An adult male human being
Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
verb
To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

surprised

US / səˈpraɪzd /

•

UK / sərˈpraɪzd /

adjecitve
Feeling a shock when something unexpected happens
verb
To do something that another person didn't expect

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

state

US / steɪt /

•

UK / stet /

adjecitve
Concerning region within a country
noun
Region within a country, with its own government
Situation or condition something is in
verb
To say; declare as fact

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

alone

US / ə'ləʊn /

•

UK / əˈlon /

adjecitve
Apart from others
Without equal
adverb
Without anyone or anything else

little

US / 'lɪtl /

•

UK / ˈlɪtl /

adjecitve
Being short in length of time
Not great in size, amount, or degree; small
Being very young or younger than others
adverb
By an amount or degree that is not very much
Not often; rarely
noun
A person's name

easily

US / ˈi:zəli /

•

UK / ˈizəli /

adverb
Clearly; without doubt; certainly
Without difficulty

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

newly

US / ˈnu:li:, ˈnju:- /

•

UK / ˈnuli, ˈnju- /

adverb
Very recently; just done or made

researcher

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

•

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

noun
Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

conclude

US / kənˈklu:d /

•

UK / kənˈklud /

verb
To finish or cause to finish; end
To arrive at a judgment or opinion

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

fruit

US / fru:t /

•

UK / frut /

noun
Result or product of something
Food that grows on a tree or bush, usually sweet
verb
To grow e.g. apples, bananas, as a plant or a tree

play

US / pleɪ /

•

UK / pleɪ /

noun
Loose, free movement between two objects
Single action in a sports game
Performance in which people act in a theater
verb
To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
To perform music on an instrument
To use a device, e.g. a video game
To do something for enjoyment and fun
To do or perform a game or sport

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

academic

US / ˌækə'demɪk /

•

UK / ˌækəˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.
Unimportant or irrelevant; trivial
noun
Educator teaching at a college or university
other
Concerning education, schools, universities, etc.

cracker

US / ˈkrækə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkrækɚ /

noun
Something excellent or that you really like
Type of dry biscuit or wafer

dehydrate

US / di:'haɪdreɪt /

•

UK / diˈhaɪˌdret /

verb
To cause (skin, body) to lose water that is needed

secretion

US / sɪˈkri:ʃn /

•

UK / sɪˈkriʃən /

noun
Release of a liquid from a gland or cell

less

US / les /

•

UK / lɛs /

adjecitve
Smaller in amount or degree
adverb
To a smaller degree
noun
A smaller amount
preposition
With the subtraction of

able

US / 'eɪbl /

•

UK / ˈebəl /

adjecitve
Skilled; good at something
Having the ability to do something

attribute

US / əˈtrɪbju:t /

•

UK / əˈtrɪbjut /

noun
Characteristic something has, e.g. size or color
Adjectives placed before the nouns they modify
verb
(Of books, art, music) to say it was composed by

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

philosophy

US / fə'lɒsəfɪ /

•

UK / fɪˈlɑsəfi /

noun
Study of ideas about the basic nature of life
Attitude to life that a person has
Particular ideas of an individual philosopher

vital

US / 'vaɪtl /

•

UK / 'vaɪtl /

adjecitve
Needed to support life; essential
Full of life; energetic

flavour

US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈflevɚ /

noun
Taste of something, especially in food or drink
verb
To add extra taste to a food

france

US / ˈfrɑːns /

•

UK / fræns /

noun
A republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

hydrate

US / 'haɪdreɪt /

•

UK / ˈhaɪˌdret /

verb
To give or add water to something or someone

other

US / 'ʌðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌðər /

adjecitve
A thing different from that mentioned
determiner
(Something) else; not the first (one)
pronoun
Being the one and only thing of that category

prostate

US / ˈprɒsteɪt /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌtet /

noun
Male gland important in the creation of semen

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

relative

US / ˈrelətɪv /

•

UK / ˈrɛlətɪv /

adjecitve
Measured or considered in comparison to another
(Grammar) referring to words that appear earlier
noun
Members of the family
Humans or animals sharing the same family history

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

cheap

US / tʃi:p /

•

UK / tʃip /

adjecitve
Not costing a lot of money
Having a low quality or value
Not liking to spend money; mean; stingy

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

hormone

US / 'hɔ:məʊn /

•

UK / ˈhɔrˌmon /

noun
Chemical produced by the body to control functions

extinguish

US / ɪk'stɪŋɡwɪʃ /

•

UK / ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ /

verb
To make something stop burning
To make something end or die

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

US / kaɪnd /

•

UK / kaɪnd /

adjecitve
In a caring and helpful manner
friendly and considerate
noun
One type of thing

epinephrine

US / ˌepɪ'nefrɪn /

•

UK / ˌepə'nefrɪn /

noun
Catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulat

stuart

US / stjuət /

•

UK / ˈstuət, ˈstju- /

other
A member of the royal family that ruled Scotland and England
The royal family that ruled Scotland from - and ruled England from to and again from to

reverse

US / rɪ'vɜ:s /

•

UK / rɪˈvɚs /

noun
Setting that makes the vehicle go backward
(Drive a vehicle) backward gear of a vehicle
Instance of a significant change, for the worse
In a backwards order
Back part or side of something
verb
To drive a vehicle backward
To change to an opposite state, way or condition
To change back to a previous or normal condition
To change something to its opposite

thyroid

US / ˈθaɪrɔɪd /

•

UK / ˈθaɪˌrɔɪd /

adjecitve
Of thyroid gland or cartilage in neck or throat

simply

US / ˈsɪmpli /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpli /

adverb
In an easy or clear manner

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

woman

US / ˈwʊmən /

•

UK / ˈwʊmən /

noun
Adult female human being

body

US / ˈbɒd.i /

•

UK / ˈbɑdi /

noun
An object distinct from other objects
A group of people involved in an activity together
Main part of something
A person's physical self

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

safely

US / ˈseɪfli /

•

UK / ˈseflɪ /

adverb
Out of danger

suggest

US / səˈdʒest /

•

UK / səɡˈdʒɛst, səˈdʒɛst /

verb
To mention something that could be done; propose

sampler

US / ˈsɑ:mplə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsæmplə(r) /

noun
Embroidered cloth for showing skill of sewer

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

full

US / fʊl /

•

UK / fʊl /

adjecitve
Containing all the parts; complete
Containing or holding as much as possible
Having had enough food
adverb
In a direct manner; completely

history

US / 'hɪstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈhɪstəri /

noun
Established pattern or record
Study of past events as an academic subject

increase

US / ɪn'kri:s /

•

UK / ɪnˈkris /

noun
Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
verb
To make or become larger in size or amount

tightly

US / ˈtaɪtli /

•

UK / ˈtaɪtlɪ /

adverb
In a manner that doesn't allow movement

boy

US / bɔɪ /

•

UK / bɔɪ /

noun
A young male person

low

US / ləʊ /

•

UK / lo /

adjecitve
Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
(Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
noun
Situation of not having a lot of something

negative

US / 'neɡətɪv /

•

UK / ˈnɛɡətɪv /

adjecitve
Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
In mathematics, being less than zero
Focusing on the bad aspects; pessimistic
noun
The opposite to a positive electrical charge
In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
Reply to a question or statement that means 'no'
Image on camera film used to make a photo

meat

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Flesh of a dead animal that you eat
Something that is important or significant

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

presence

US / ˈprezns /

•

UK / ˈprɛzəns /

noun
The same place or area that a person is
Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
Something not physically seen but felt to be there
Feeling a person gives by being noticeable

salt

US / sɔ:lt /

•

UK / sɔlt /

adjecitve
Being preserved or seasoned with salt
noun
Natural white crystal used to flavor food
verb
To add salt to food in order to improve its taste
To add salt to ice in order to melt it
To preserve food by adding salt

substance

US / 'sʌbstəns /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

noun
Essence of; most basic or central qualities
Particular type of material
Having material form; existing
Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

appetite

US / 'æpɪtaɪt /

•

UK / ˈæpɪˌtaɪt /

noun
Feeling of hunger or desire for something

polish

US / 'pɒlɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪʃ /

noun
A cream used to make shoes etc. shiny
Quality or style showing great skill or refinement
A shine on a surface
other
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
verb
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
To improve by practicing or working on it

US / nekst /

•

UK / nɛkst /

adverb
The one that follows another in time or order
At a time or place directly after the present one
noun
The one that follows after
adjecitve
Immediately after the previous one
First occurrence after the present one

review

US / rɪˈvju: /

•

UK / rɪˈvju /

noun
Examination of soldiers and supplies
Opinion, as in a paper, about movie, book, or play
Studying again to remind yourself about something
verb
To carefully look at the quality of something
To formally examine something in the military
To write an opinion about movie, book, or play
To study again to remind yourself about something

peanut

US / ˈpi:nʌt /

•

UK / ˈpiˌnʌt /

noun
Edible small nut which grows under the ground

pee

US / pi: /

•

UK / pi /

verb
To urinate

properly

US / ˈprɔpəlɪ /

•

UK / ˈprɑːpərli /

adverb
In an appropriate or correct manner

canada

US / 'kænədə /

•

UK / ˈkænədə /

proper noun
A country in northern North America, the second largest country in the world; population 35,900,000

complete

US / kəm'pli:t /

•

UK / kəmˈplit /

adjecitve
Being finished; done; achieved
Being as perfect and as total as could be
verb
To finish or reach the end of doing something

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

cream

US / kri:m /

•

UK / krim /

adjecitve
Pale color that is yellowish white
noun
Type of a thick beauty product used on the skin
Thick liquid rubbed into the skin
The top part of milk when left standing
verb
To defeat someone with ease
To have added cream
To mix together into a thick substance or liquid

handle

US / 'hændl /

•

UK / ˈhændl /

noun
The part of a door you hold to open it
Thing you hold to carry or open a bag, pan etc.
verb
To cope with or take responsibility for
To control a machine, car etc.
To control or be controlled /used in a certain way
To deal with a particular situation/person; manage
To buy, sell, or move materials or goods
To hold, control, or use something with the hands
To touch objects with the hands to look at them

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

lyon

US / ˈlaiən /

•

UK / liˈoŋ, ljɔŋ /

noun
The chief herald of Scotland.

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

datum

US / ˈdeɪtəm /

•

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

noun
Item of factual information

handful

US / 'hændfʊl /

•

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

noun
an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

dopamine

US / 'dəʊpəmi:n /

•

UK / 'doʊpəmi:n /

noun
Drug used to treat shock and hypotension

hunger

US / ˈhʌŋgə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhʌŋɡɚ /

noun
Strong desire or need
Need for food; a severe lack of food

intake

US / ˈɪnteɪk /

•

UK / ˈɪnˌtek /

noun
Amount of something that a person's body consumes
Act of consuming something
Opening where air or liquid enters a machine

literature

US / ˈlɪtrətʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr, -tʃɚ /

noun
Writing valued as art, e.g. fiction, drama, poetry

pigeon

US / 'pɪdʒɪn /

•

UK / ˈpɪdʒən /

noun
Gray bird that is common in cities

process

US / prə'ses /

•

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

noun
Dealing with official forms in the way required
Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
verb
To organize and use data in a computer
To deal with official forms in the way required
To prepare by treating something in a certain way
To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
To convert by putting something through a machine

muscle

US / 'mʌsl /

•

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

noun
Physical power
Body tissue that moves parts of the body
verb
To use or muscles of force to get what you want

usda

US / /

•

UK / /

noun

spending

US / ˈspendɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈspɛndɪŋ /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

sponsor

US / ˈspɒnsə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspɑ:nsə(r) /

noun
Person that supports the passage of a new law
Person giving money for someone's education
verb
To support the passage of a new law
To help someone succeed by giving them money
To pay for an event, usually as an advertisement

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

abnormal

US / æbˈnɔ:ml /

•

UK / æbˈnɔ:rml /

adjecitve
Not normal, not typical, not usual, not regular

ice

US / aɪs /

•

UK / aɪs /

noun
Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
verb
To make something cold by putting on frozen water
To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

insulin

US / ˈɪnsjəlɪn /

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UK / ˈɪnsəlɪn /

noun
Substance in the body processing sugar into energy

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

mark

US / mɑ:k /

•

UK / mɑrk /

noun
Person's name
A dirty spot or line on something
Grade or score given for homework
Line or symbol made when writing
Particular point on a scale of measurement
Grade, such as a student receives in school
Stain or spot on something
Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
Written sign or symbol
verb
To put a dirty spot or line on something
To give a grade for homework
To indicate something with a sign or symbol
To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
(Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
To write or draw a line on something

epidemic

US / ˌepɪ'demɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk /

adjecitve
Disease that spreads quickly affecting many
noun
Something that spreads suddenly and widely

ratio

US / ˈreɪʃiəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪʃioʊ /

noun
The relationship in relative size, etc.

upper

US / ˈʌpə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌpɚ /

adjecitve
Located above others of the same kind
Being the northern part of a region
Being closer to the source of a river
noun
Drug that improves mood or increases energy
Something happy or encouraging
Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom

Subtitles section

If you're hungry all the time, you probably need more protein.

Why?

Well, what drove an 11-month-old boy to eat salt straight out of the salt shaker?

And why did an infant in the 1920s choose to drink straight cod liver oil, something that kids notoriously hate?

Well, here's a 1928 study on newly weaned infants who completely decided their own diets.

They were presented with a wide variety of meats, milk, eggs, fruits, vegetables, juice, and cereals, and they either pointed at or just grabbed what they wanted.

If the babies could pick the right foods, they could get all the proteins, vitamins, and minerals that they needed.

The infants ate in weird patterns.

They ate a bit of everything, but depending on the week, they would eat astonishingly large amounts of beef, then the next week they might be eating tons of eggs, and then would switch to cereal the next week.

They ate a wide variety of foods, even choosing to eat bone marrow, liver, kidneys, and raw beef.

In the end, the babies grew to be very healthy.

Five babies entered the study with rickets, but by the end, they all had beautifully strong bones.

The researchers analyzed the content of all 36,000 meals the babies ate, and they found that they were indeed choosing a variety of foods that made for a nourishing and nutritionally complete diet.

One child, who was vitamin D deficient when first introduced to the study, chose to drink straight cod liver oil, which is rich in vitamin D. In a different 1940 study, an 11-month-old boy who had a disease that prevented him from retaining sodium chose every day to eat an abnormal amount of salt all by himself.

He ate the salt straight out of the salt shaker, and while he didn't eat crackers, he would lick the salt off of them.

These old studies support this idea that our bodies can, to some degree, make us crave foods that we need the most.

This is where something called the protein leverage hypothesis comes in.

It basically says that because the body knows it requires a lot of protein, it will compel you to keep eating to get more protein.

Eating the same number of calories, you will be hungrier on a low-protein diet than you would be on a high-protein diet.

So for example, you might be full for a while after a 400g ribeye steak, but might be craving some snacks not too long after eating two Big Macs, even though both of these meals got you about 1140 calories.

The difference is the ribeye steak is giving you 96g of protein, but the Big Macs only gave you 52g of protein.

There's actually a lot of evidence for this protein leverage idea.

Every single human obesity study you will ever look at in the history of medical literature, the more protein people ate, the better.

A study from just this year found that on average, each 1% increase in protein lowers total calorie intake by about 1%. A 2005 study found that people eating a 30% protein diet lost more weight and had lower hunger scores than people eating a 15% protein diet.

A 2011 study found that people ate more calories if they ate a 10% protein diet instead of a 15% protein diet.

In that study, the people on the low-protein diet were craving more savory foods.

Their body was craving things that taste like they should have protein in them.

You want your steak?

Yeah, right now!

Good.

Here's your steak.

People think it's crazy that I've eaten 200g of protein for almost 20 straight years, every single day.

I like eating protein.

It fills me up.

I feel good on it.

That's why I do it.

I think we all understand to some degree that protein is very filling.

I bet you could imagine yourself polishing off 1500 calories of pizza and ice cream pretty easily, but 1500 calories of just lean beef will leave you sweating and struggling to swallow in between deep breaths.

Here come the meat sweats.

There's a couple of ways protein blunts your appetite.

One idea is what's called the aminostatic hypothesis that says essentially the body is always trying to maintain a certain level of amino acids.

When it senses that there is not enough amino acids present, it will make you hungry.

And of course, amino acids come from the protein that we eat.

Here's a really cool graph from a quite old study that shows that appetite and amino acid concentrations in the body are tightly linked.

When amino acid concentrations go up, appetite goes down.

When amino acids go down, appetite goes up.

Other research has found that eating protein simply increases the secretion of anorexigenic hormones, hormones associated with a reduction of appetite.

For example, in one study where an amino acid mix reduced the appetite of obese adolescents, they surmised that this was due to an increase in the appetite-suppressing peptide GLP-1 and that GLP-1 is likely secreted in response to the intestines sensing the presence of certain amino acids.

Look at pictures or footage of a 1960s beach and it's pretty obvious that the obesity epidemic of today is a recent issue.

Our food environment has definitely changed in many ways.

But could the issue be that we just eat too much cheap food?

Reporting on USDA data, Vox claims that Americans devote just 11% of their household spending to food, a smaller share than nearly every other country spends on food consumed at home alone.

Now, part of this is because America is a wealthy nation so people don't have to spend so much on food, but considering America spends a lot less than say France or Norway, part of it is simply due to the fact that Americans simply buy food that is cheaper to produce.

I don't think you'd be surprised to hear that cheaper food makes you fat.

Cheap processed food is loaded with additives, sugar, processed carbohydrates, and seed oils, but what it doesn't have much of is protein.

Protein is not cheap.

Protein is actually the most expensive macronutrient.

This study on 106 supermarket foods found that the cost of food increases with food protein density.

The more protein a food had, the more expensive it was.

Fat and carbohydrates, however, are really cheap.

NLS Y79 data suggests that as income goes down, obesity goes up.

So, of course, cheap foods have all kinds of negative attributes, but maybe cheap, low-protein foods are driving people to be fat by keeping them hungry because they're not getting enough protein.

What are you eating?

I don't even know.

I just know I'm hungry.

All the time.

Dr. Ted Naiman has a philosophy on maintaining a healthy weight that is really simple.

You just need to improve your protein to energy ratio.

In this framework, you can think about macronutrients like this.

We need protein to build our muscles, maintain our cellular machinery, and so on.

It builds us up and maintains our bodies.

Fat and carbs we'll consider as just an energy source.

So, you want to get plenty of grams of protein per calorie of fat and carbs.

You want a high protein to energy ratio.

For example, a ribeye steak has plenty of protein and plenty of fat, but no carbs, so its protein to energy ratio is 0.7. Lean beef has no carbs and even less fat, so its protein to energy ratio is higher at 1.0. Then,

Of course, things with tons of calories relative to protein are going to have really low protein to energy ratios.

Potatoes and peanuts have a protein to energy ratio of just 0.2. Another way to think about this is if you want a healthy lean body with a high protein to energy ratio, you should eat foods that have a high protein to energy ratio.

The more overweight and unhealthy you become, the lower the protein to energy ratio of your body will become.

So, here's the next question.

Too little protein is definitely a thing, but what is too much protein?

The RDA for protein is set at 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.

That would mean that if you're a 70kg or 154lb man, you only need 56 grams of protein.

Two Big Macs and a handful of almonds should do the trick.

However, what some people don't realize is that the RDA is the minimum protein required to prevent deficiencies.

It is not the optimal protein intake.

Recent research has found that at least double the RDA of 0.8 grams per kilogram is likely where you want to be.

This paper argues that at least 1.2 grams per kilogram to 1.6 grams per kilogram of protein is better for health.

There's something called the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, which is set based on epidemiological evidences that suggest consumption within these ranges play a role in reducing risk of chronic diseases.

As you can see in the chart, while the average American is at least above the lower end of the AMDR, they are very far from the upper end.

So it seems like we really could stand to get more protein.

But what amount of protein is too much?

Well, that hasn't even been established.

In human randomized control trials, optimizing for protein, those people always do better.

It improves satiation, better body composition, healthier lean muscle mass, better insulin and glucose control.

Dr. Gabrielle Lyons states that we haven't seen any negative effects from upper limits approaching 3.3 grams per kilogram, which is four times the RDA.

There has not been, to my knowledge, any evidence to support higher levels of dietary protein having any kind of negative effect.

Ever.

One study having women eating over four times the RDA, as much as 3.4 grams per kilogram per day, didn't experience any negative health effects.

The US and Canadian Dietary Reference Intake Review concluded that there was not sufficient evidence by 2005 to establish an upper limit for how much protein can be safely consumed.

But maybe you've heard of this idea that protein is bad for the kidneys and liver.

Dr. Stuart Phillips, a professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health said that this idea is totally bogus.

There's no data.

There's no data that link the two.

None.

Not a scrap.

He explains that the idea that protein is bad for the kidneys came from the fact that people who already have kidney disease do better on lower protein diets.

Though, it's the disease that made the kidneys unable to properly handle protein, not the other way around.

That would be kind of like saying, because people with prostate cancer have trouble peeing, water causes prostate cancer.

At the end of the day, it should be totally expected that protein increases satiety.

Of course, your body makes you eat because it is urging you to get a certain amount of minerals, nutrition, and amino acids.

So if you haven't gotten the protein your body needs, why would it signal you to stop eating?

Protein is obviously a very vital nutrient.

It's much more than just the brick and mortar used to build muscle.

Of course, our bodies don't require protein, but the amino acids that protein is composed of.

This review article, Amino Acids, Metabolism, Functions, and Nutrition, lays out that amino acids act as cell signaling molecules, regulate gene expression, act as key precursors for producing hormones and important biological substances like dopamine,

Serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroid hormones, just to name a few.

And further, evidence shows that dietary supplementation with amino acids is beneficial in ameliorating obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and infertility.

And amino acids are beneficial not just for optimizing muscle growth, but also for preventing excess fat accumulation on the body.

Amino acids have all kinds of important functions.

There's a whole academic journal dedicated to them.

One other thing about hunger.

It's well known that we all have a hunger for salt.

When anything from a rabbit or pigeon to a kangaroo, monkey, or human doesn't get enough sodium from salt, it will develop a marked craving for salty things.

So what people might not realize is that when they're craving salty, calorie-rich snacks, they might be able to extinguish that hunger by just getting some salt.

That's where this video's sponsor, Element, comes in.

I often have one of their tasty no-sugar electrolyte salt packs when I find I'm craving a snack or something, and it often reduces and sometimes totally eliminates my cravings.

Since electrolytes and sodium are a big part of hydration and maintaining energy levels in general, it can really help to replace the electrolytes you lose when you're fasting, doing a low-carb diet,

Or if you're just sweating a lot at the gym.

I often feel a lot better if I hydrate myself with Element while drinking my coffee because this reverses the dehydrating effect of the caffeine.

Element tastes great, and there's no junk in it.

It's just a good balance of electrolytes, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, a bit of flavoring, and some stevia.

If you don't want any flavoring, you can just get the raw, unflavored type.

If you go to drinklement.com slash whativelearned, you can get a free sampler pack with any purchase.