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Your Right to Mental Privacy in the Age of Brain-Sensing Tech | Nita Farahany | TED

Video vocabulary

associate

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US / ə'səʊʃɪeɪt /

UK / əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Part of a job title indicating a junior position
  • noun
  • Partner in professional work, e.g. in law
  • verb
  • To spend time with other people; mix with
  • To form a connection in your mind between things

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

develop

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US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

microsoft

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US / ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp /

UK / ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp /

A1

regulation

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US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of controlling something with rules or orders
  • other

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

beautiful

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US / 'bju:tɪfl /

UK / ˈbjutəfəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having dome something well
  • Being very attractive or appealing physically

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

flesh

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US / fleʃ /

UK / flɛʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Soft part of fruit, vegetable that can be eaten
  • The soft tissues of your body covering the bones
  • verb
  • To clean the skin e.g. of scales from a fish

ordinary

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US / 'ɔ:dnrɪ /

UK / ˈɔ:rdneri /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Normal or usual

reality

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US / rɪ'ælətɪ /

UK / riˈælɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • What is true, as opposed to what is imagined

reset

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US / ˌri:'set /

UK / riˈsɛt /

C1
  • verb
  • To return to the original start or formation

true

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US / tru: /

UK / tru: /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

basic

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US / 'beɪsɪk /

UK / ˈbesɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At the most important or easiest (beginner) level

memory

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US / 'memərɪ /

UK / ˈmɛməri /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability of the mind to call back past things
  • Space for the storage of information on a computer
  • Something that has been remembered

past

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US / pɑ:st /

UK / pæst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • No longer current or new
  • adverb
  • So as to go beyond, or further than something
  • noun
  • Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
  • preposition
  • After a particular time
  • At a later point in distance; beyond

relive

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US / ˌri:'lɪv /

UK / riˈlɪv /

C1
  • verb
  • To remember a past time or event

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

available

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US / əˈveɪləbl /

UK / əˈveləbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Present and able to be used
  • Able to be used at a scheduled time

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

scientific

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US / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

UK / ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning academic study of the physical world

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

small

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US / smɔ:l /

UK / smɔl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Little in size; not big
  • (Of letters) not written in capital letters
  • Being insignificant or minor
  • (Of a business) with few people or things; local
  • (Of voice) being soft and quiet
  • (Of a child) being young

attack

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US / ə'tæk /

UK / əˈtæk /

A2
  • noun
  • Act intended to hurt someone physically, mentally
  • verb
  • To try to destroy, beat, or injure

confidently

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US / 'kɒnfədəntlɪ /

UK / ˈkɑnfədəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that shows you expect to have no problems

digital

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US / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

UK / ˈdɪdʒɪtl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Using electronic signals or computers

realize

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US / 'ri:əlaɪz /

UK / ˈriəˌlaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To become aware of or understand mentally

sell

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US / sel /

UK / sɛl /

A1
  • verb
  • To exchange something for money
  • To persuade people to do, like or agree

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

write

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • verb
  • To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • To invent or create a computer program
  • To create a song or piece of music

unsupported

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US / ˌʌnsəˈpɔ:tɪd /

UK / ˌʌnsəˈpɔ:rtɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Without evidence it is true

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

already

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US / ɔ:lˈredi /

UK / ɔlˈrɛdi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Having happened or been done before this time

describe

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US / dɪ'skraɪb /

UK / dɪˈskraɪb /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something

drug

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US / drʌɡ /

UK / drʌɡ /

A2
  • noun
  • Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
  • Chemical used as a medicine
  • verb
  • To give drugs to someone to make them sleep

ourselves

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US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

A2
  • pronoun
  • (Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

overcome

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US / ˌəʊvə'kʌm /

UK / ˌovɚˈkʌm /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in a struggle against; defeat

partnership

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US / ˈpɑ:tnəʃɪp /

UK / ˈpɑ:rtnərʃɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • Shared business relationship with someone
  • Working with others for some purpose

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

breakthrough

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US / 'breɪkθru: /

UK / ˈbrekˌθru /

B2
  • noun
  • Important discovery in doing something difficult

detection

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US / dɪˈtekʃn /

UK / dɪˈtɛkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of discovering something or solving a crime

interact

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US / ˌɪntər'ækt /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈækt /

A2
  • verb
  • To talk or do things with each other

million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

age

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US / eɪdʒ /

UK / edʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older
  • noun
  • Period of time in history
  • Number of years a person or thing has lived

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

fail

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US / feɪl /

UK / fel /

A1
  • noun
  • A mark on a test showing you did not pass
  • verb
  • To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
  • To not do or provide something that is needed
  • To stop working or functioning; to break down
  • To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

race

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US / reɪs /

UK / res /

A2
  • noun
  • Speed contest between people, animals or vehicles
  • People who share physical features or culture
  • verb
  • To take part in a running or swimming competition
  • To move or go at a very fast pace
  • To take someone, something to a place very quickly

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

wearable

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US / ˈweərəbl /

UK / ˈwɛrəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to be used as clothing, shoes etc.

unless

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US / ənˈles /

UK / ʌnˈlɛs /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Negative of 'if'

israel

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US / 'ɪzreɪl /

UK / 'ɪzreɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

reflect

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US / rɪ'flekt /

UK / rɪˈflɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To indicate or be a sign of something
  • To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
  • To show an image in glass, water, a mirror etc.
  • To think of something seriously and carefully

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

effort

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US / ˈefət /

UK / ˈɛfət /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of work used trying to do something

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

game

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US / ɡeɪm /

UK / ɡem /

A1
  • noun
  • Activity with rules that people play to have fun
  • Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
  • Match between two teams

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

literally

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US / ˈlɪtərəli /

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to express the exact meaning of something
  • Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

pose

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US / pəʊz /

UK / poʊz /

B1
  • noun
  • False behavior to gain respect or liking
  • verb
  • To be or exist as (a problem, threat etc.)
  • To suggest an idea, question or solution
  • To sit or stand while being painted or drawn
  • To put someone in a position to be photographed

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

interrogate

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US / ɪnˈterəgeɪt /

UK / ɪnˈtɛrəˌɡet /

B2
  • verb
  • To ask a lot of questions in a threatening way

heartbeat

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US / ˈhɑ:tbi:t /

UK / ˈhɑ:rtbi:t /

C1
  • noun
  • Beat of your heart

mental

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US / ˈmentl /

UK / ˈmɛntl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the mind

environment

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US / ɪn'vaɪrənmənt /

UK / ɛnˈvaɪrənmənt, -ˈvaɪən- /

A1
  • noun
  • Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • The entire surrounding conditions of something

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

surveillance

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US / sɜ:'veɪləns /

UK / sɚˈveləns /

B2
  • noun
  • Careful watching of a person/place, e.g. by police

familiar

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US / fəˈmɪliə(r) /

UK / fəˈmɪljɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Well-known or easily recognized

finally

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US / ˈfaɪnəli /

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
  • After a long time or some difficulty

name

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US / neɪm /

UK / nem /

A1
  • noun
  • What something or someone is called
  • verb
  • To state what someone is called, e.g. John

lie

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US / laɪ /

UK / lai /

A2
  • noun
  • An untrue statement, when you know it is not true
  • verb
  • To be in a horizontal or flat position
  • To say something that you know is not true

complacent

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US / kəmˈpleɪsnt /

UK / kəmˈplesənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Unconcerned, self-satisfied

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

staggering

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US / ˈstægərɪŋ /

UK / ˈstæɡərɪŋ /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing amazement; unbelievable
  • verb
  • To greatly surprise someone

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

aggressive

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US / əˈgresɪv /

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
  • Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

detect

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US / dɪˈtekt /

UK / dɪˈtɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To discover or identify the presence of something

only

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US / ˈəunli /

UK / ˈonli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Just one; just that amount or thing; not more than
  • Not very important or serious
  • Just that type of thing, person
  • Short time ago; not before a certain time
  • conjunction
  • Except; but

possibility

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US / ˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ /

UK / ˌpɑsəˈbɪlɪti /

A2
  • noun
  • Something with a chance of happening or being true

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

concept

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US / 'kɒnsept /

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

A2
  • noun
  • Abstract idea of something or how it works

escape

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US / ɪ'skeɪp /

UK / ɪˈskep /

A2
  • noun
  • Act to briefly ignoring boring or bad things
  • The 'esc key' on a keyboard
  • Act of getting away from where you are being kept
  • verb
  • To avoid something undesirable, dangerous or bad
  • To get away from a place where you are being kept
  • (Gas, water) to come out from a pipe, container
  • To not to be noticed or remembered by someone

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

augment

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US / ɔ:ɡ'ment /

UK / ɔɡˈmɛnt /

B2
  • verb
  • To make something larger, stronger, more effective

arrive

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US / əˈraɪv /

UK / əˈraɪv /

A1
  • verb
  • To reach the place you are traveling to

umbrella

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US / ʌmˈbrelə /

UK / ʌmˈbrɛlə /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Including many smaller things of the same type
  • noun
  • Thing you open over your head to keep rain off

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

majority

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US / mə'dʒɒrətɪ /

UK / məˈdʒɔrɪti, -ˈdʒɑr- /

B1
  • noun
  • Amount that is more than half of a group

manipulate

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US / mə'nɪpjʊleɪt /

UK / məˈnɪpjəˌlet /

B1
  • verb
  • To try to control others to gain an advantage
  • To handle or work in a skillful manner

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

meet

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US / mi:t /

UK / mit /

A1
  • noun
  • Sporting competition e.g. swimming
  • verb
  • To provide something that is necessary
  • To come together at a certain time or place

industry

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US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard work; being busy working
  • Factories or businesses that make certain products

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

direct

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US / də'rekt /

UK / dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • Coming straight from something
  • verb
  • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • To show the way by conducting or leading
  • To control the acting in a movie or play

efficacy

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US / ˈefɪkəsi /

UK / ˈɛfɪkəsi /

B2
  • noun
  • Ability to produce a desired outcome

underway

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US / ˌʌndəˈweɪ /

UK / ˌʌndɚˈwe /

B2
  • adverb
  • Happening now

breath

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US / breθ /

UK / brɛθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Air you take in and out of your body

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

worth

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US / wɜ:θ /

UK / wɚθ /

A2
  • other
  • the financial, practical or moral value of somebody/something
  • having a particular value, especially in money

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

therapy

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US / 'θerəpɪ /

UK / ˈθɛrəpi /

B2
  • noun
  • Treatment to help cure an illness

transparency

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US / trænsˈpærənsi /

UK / trænsˈpɛrənsi, -ˈpær- /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of being open to see/to public criticism
  • Fact of being able to be seen through
  • Quality of being clear and easily understood

sufficiently

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US / sə'fɪʃntlɪ /

UK / səˈfɪʃəntlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • To a degree great enough to do something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

hurdle

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US / 'hɜ:dl /

UK / ˈhɚdl /

B2
  • noun
  • Small fence a person or horse jumps over in a race
  • Problem that makes it hard to achieve something
  • verb
  • To run and jump over something
  • To overcome a problem to achieve something

herself

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US / hɜ:ˈself /

UK / hɚˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person that did the original action

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

occur

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US / əˈkɜ:(r) /

UK / əˈkɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To come to pass or to happen

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

cognitive

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US / ˈkɒgnətɪv /

UK / ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • The process of knowing and remembering

controversy

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US / 'kɒntrəvɜ:sɪ /

UK / ˈkɑntrəˌvɚsi /

B1
  • noun
  • Strong public disagreement about something

control

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US / kən'trəʊl /

UK / kənˈtrol /

A1
  • noun
  • A device designed to operate a machine
  • Participant in experiment that is left untouched
  • Act to dominate or command; make manageable
  • A law limiting the growth or spread of something
  • A place which overseas or manages e.g. a factory
  • verb
  • To direct or influence the behavior of something

struggle

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US / 'strʌɡl /

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong efforts made to do something difficult
  • verb
  • To try very hard to do something difficult

seller

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US / 'selə(r) /

UK / ˈsɛlɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person or group who sells something

safeguard

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US / ˈseɪfgɑ:d /

UK / ˈseɪfgɑ:rd /

B2
  • verb
  • To protect and ensure the safety of

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

epileptic

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US / ˌepɪ'leptɪk /

UK / ˌepɪ'leptɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of epilepsy

generate

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US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

A2
  • verb
  • To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • To create electricity, heat, energy and power

capability

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US / ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti /

UK / ˌkeɪpə'bɪləti /

B1
  • noun
  • Means, ability, or potential to do something

traditional

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US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involved in a custom or event common to a people

personal

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US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done by or to a particular person; individual
  • Concerning a person's private life or feelings

send

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US / send /

UK / sɛnd /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
  • To cause mail or packages to go to another place
  • To move something quickly in a particular way
  • To give information or greetings to someone

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

algorithm

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US / 'ælɡərɪðəm /

UK / ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm /

B2
  • noun
  • A step-by-step problem-solving feature

association

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US / əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn /

UK / əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Organization of people with the same interest

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

express

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US / ɪk'spres /

UK / ɪkˈsprɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sent by a fast mail service
  • Traveling at high speed
  • noun
  • Fast train or bus
  • verb
  • To send something by fast mail
  • To state or show what you think or how you feel

trauma

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US / 'trɔ:mə /

UK / ˈtraʊmə /

B2
  • noun
  • A very severe or upsetting experience
  • Serious injury to part of the body

subject

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US / 'sʌbdʒɪkt /

UK / ˈsʌbdʒekt /

A1
  • noun
  • Citizen of an area or country
  • The person or thing that does the action of a verb
  • People who take part in experiments or tests
  • An area of study at school, e.g. math, history
  • What a book, article etc. is about; theme
  • verb
  • To cause to suffer or experience something

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

limited

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US / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

UK / ˈlɪmɪtɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a company) with a limit of financial liability
  • With restrictions; not broad in scope
  • verb
  • To stop or prevent an increase past a point

pair

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US / peə(r) /

UK / per /

A2
  • noun
  • Two of the same thing, e.g. socks
  • Two people viewed together for some reason; couple
  • verb
  • To put two things or people together

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

technology

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US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

A2
  • noun
  • Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

punishment

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US / ˈpʌnɪʃmənt /

UK / ˈpʌnɪʃmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Being punished; thing you do when being punished
  • Physically rough treatment

nation

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US / 'neɪʃn /

UK / ˈneʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Area or region controlled by a government and army

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

criminal

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US / ˈkrɪmɪnl /

UK / ˈkrɪmənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involving illegal activity; relating to crime
  • Not justifiable; shameful
  • noun
  • Person who commits a crime

consumer

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US / kənˈsju:mə(r) /

UK / kənˈsumɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who buys goods or services

positive

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US / ˈpɒzətɪv /

UK / ˈpɑzɪtɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Showing agreement or support for something
  • Being sure about something; knowing the truth
  • Having the charge produced by electrons
  • Being good or useful
  • Showing that a chemical is present in a test

liberty

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US / 'lɪbətɪ /

UK / ˈlɪbəti /

B1
  • noun
  • Doing as one wants without asking
  • Power to do what you choose

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

individual

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US / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl /

UK / ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made for use by one single person
  • Having a distinct manner different from others
  • noun
  • Single person, looked at separately from others

emergency

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US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒənsɪ /

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒənsi /

A2
  • noun
  • Sudden event needing an immediate action

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

combination

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US / ˌkɒmbɪ'neɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑmbəˈneʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Series of letters or numbers needed to open a lock
  • Act or result of mixing things together

border

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US / 'bɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈbɔrdɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Outer part or edge of something
  • Line separating one country, state from another
  • verb
  • To be right next to another country or state
  • To form the edge of something
  • To form the edge of (road, etc.)

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

sleep

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US / sli:p /

UK / slip /

A1
  • noun
  • Substance in a person's eyes after waking up
  • Period of time during which a person is asleep
  • verb
  • To have enough beds for
  • To rest your body in bed, as at night time

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

reclaim

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US / rɪ'kleɪm /

UK / rɪˈklem /

B2
  • verb
  • To get back something that was lost; recover

laboratory

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US / lə'bɒrətrɪ /

UK / ˈlæbrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori /

B1
  • noun
  • A place to do scientific experiments

medication

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US / ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌmɛdɪˈkeʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Substance to relieve pain or cure sickness

fear

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US / fɪə(r) /

UK / fɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unpleasant feeling caused by being aware of danger
  • verb
  • To be afraid of or nervous about something

embed

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US / ɪm'bed /

UK / ɛmˈbɛd /

B2
  • verb
  • To place or set inside rock, etc.

dollar

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US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

A1
  • noun
  • A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

device

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US / dɪˈvaɪs /

UK / dɪˈvaɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
  • Method of doing something; a way

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

update

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US / ˌʌpˈdeɪt /

UK / ʌpˈdet /

B1
  • noun
  • Addition of a current version of something
  • New information or data to make more current
  • verb
  • To download the latest version of software
  • To make more current or modern

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

room

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US / ru:m /

UK / rum, rʊm /

A1
  • noun
  • All of the people inside a particular room
  • Part of building enclosed by walls, e.g. kitchen
  • Opportunity to exist, happen, or be true
  • verb
  • To share a home with someone

self

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US / self /

UK / sɛlf /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's own interests or desires
  • Person that someone really is
  • Particular aspect of someone's personality
  • Person, usually someone already been mentioned

naive

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US / naɪˈi:v /

UK / nɑˈiv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Unsophisticated; innocent and unknowing

crucial

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US / 'kru:ʃl /

UK / ˈkruʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Extremely important or necessary

activity

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US / æk'tɪvətɪ /

UK / ækˈtɪvɪti /

A1
  • noun
  • An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes

speed

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US / spi:d /

UK / spid /

A2
  • noun
  • How fast or slow something is or is done
  • verb
  • To move quickly when completing an action
  • To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow

possible

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US / ˈpɒsəbl /

UK / ˈpɑsəbəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being able or appropriate for a task or purpose
  • Having a chance of happening, or being true

introduce

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US / ˌɪntrəˈdju:s /

UK / ˌɪntrəˈdus, -ˈdjus /

A1
  • verb
  • To open an essay to set the scene
  • To guide or explain something, e.g. a town
  • To begin the use of a new thing or practice
  • To make someone known to another by name
  • To insert or put something inside another thing

exponentially

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US / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

UK / ˌekspə'nenʃəlɪ /

C1
  • adverb
  • (Of an increase) at a faster and faster rate

daughter

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US / ˈdɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈdɔtɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a company) being a subsidiary of another firm
  • noun
  • A female child of someone

snap

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US / snæp /

UK / snæp /

B1
  • noun
  • An informal word for a photograph
  • verb
  • To close your mouth quickly like biting something
  • To break something dry and thin, e.g. a branch
  • To lose control of your emotions; get angry

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

rings

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US / rɪŋz /

UK / rɪŋz /

A1
  • other
  • Roped areas in which people fight or box
  • Circular objects with a hole in it
  • Circular shapes or marks around some things
  • People doing illegal businesses or criminal activities
  • Round pieces of metal that goes on your finger
  • Acts of calling someone using a phone
  • verb
  • To draw a circular shape or mark around something
  • To make a loud, noisy constant sound
  • To produce a sound from a bell, alarm or telephone
  • To call someone using a phone

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

endure

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US / ɪn'djʊə(r) /

UK / ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr /

B1
  • verb
  • To last for a long time; continue to exist
  • To accept difficulties without struggle

disorient

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US / dɪs'ɔ:rɪent /

UK / dɪsˈɔriˌɛnt, -ˈor- /

A1
  • verb
  • To cause to be lost or not know where you are

attention

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US / əˈtenʃn /

UK / əˈtɛnʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Taking notice of someone or something
  • (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

act

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US / ækt /

UK / ækt /

A1
  • noun
  • What someone did; action; behavior
  • A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
  • One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
  • verb
  • To behave in a certain way
  • To perform on a stage or in a movie

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

prove

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US / pru:v /

UK / pruv /

A2
  • verb
  • To demonstrate truth by providing evidence

groundbreaking

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US / ˈgraʊndbreɪkɪŋ /

UK / ˈɡraʊndˌbrekɪŋ /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Innovative and new
  • noun
  • Ceremony to begin a construction project

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

prolong

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US / prə'lɒŋ /

UK / prəˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ /

B2
  • verb
  • To make continue for a longer amount of time

professor

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US / prəˈfesə(r) /

UK / prəˈfɛsɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Teacher who teaches at a college or university

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

severe

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US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

UK / səˈvɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; harsh
  • Being very serious or extremely bad
  • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

philosopher

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US / fəˈlɒsəfə(r) /

UK / fɪˈlɑsəfɚ /

C1
  • noun
  • Person studying the meaning of truth and life

personally

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US / ˈpɜ:sənəli /

UK / ˈpəsənəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • By a specific person, and not by anyone else
  • Knowing someone as a friend, or closely

hold

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US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

approach

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US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
  • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
  • Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
  • verb
  • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • To request someone to do something specific

adhd

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US / ˌeɪ diː eɪtʃ ˈdiː /

UK / ˌeɪ diː eɪtʃ ˈdiː /

A1
  • other

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

share

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US / ʃeə(r) /

UK / ʃɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part-ownership in a property, business or company
  • Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
  • verb
  • To divide something between two or more people
  • To allow others to use your things equally
  • To give information, etc. to someone

temperature

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US / ˈtemprətʃə(r) /

UK / ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə- /

A2
  • noun
  • When you your body heat is above normal
  • How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather

against

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US / əˈgenst /

UK / əˈɡenst /

A1
  • preposition
  • In physical contact with, as for support; next to
  • In opposition to; disagreeing with

authenticate

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US / ɔ:ˈθentɪkeɪt /

UK / ɔˈθɛntɪˌket /

B1
  • verb
  • To prove that something is real, true, or what people say it is

deliberate

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US / dɪ'lɪbərət /

UK / dɪˈlɪbərɪt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Carefully thought out in advance
  • Done purposely
  • verb
  • To consider a problem or decision carefully

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

law

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US / lɔ: /

UK / lɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Field of study that relates to the legal profession
  • A rule made and enforced by a government
  • System or rules made by the government

niche

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US / nɪtʃ /

UK / ni:ʃ /

B2
  • noun
  • Small part of a market representing an opportunity
  • Area with all specific plant/animal needs to live
  • A specialized business, job or activity
  • Space cut into a wall, as to display a statue

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

reasoning

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US / ˈri:zənɪŋ /

UK / ˈrizənɪŋ /

A2
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

sensor

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US / ˈsensə(r) /

UK / ˈsɛnsɚ, -ˌsɔr /

B2
  • noun
  • Device that detects movement or physical stimuli

achieve

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US / ə'tʃi:v /

UK / əˈtʃiv /

A2
  • verb
  • To succeed in doing good, usually by working hard

category

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US / ˈkætəgəri /

UK / ˈkætɪˌɡɔri, -ˌɡori /

B1
  • noun
  • Groups of things that are similar in some way

enter

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US / 'entə(r) /

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To start a career or an education
  • To become a competitor in a contest
  • To add or type information in a computer
  • To go into a room, building etc.

nearly

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US / ˈniəli /

UK / ˈnɪrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not completely; almost

potentially

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US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • That could happen or become reality

seriously

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US / ˈsɪəriəsli /

UK / ˈsɪriəsli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Involving or requiring great thought or study

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

collect

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US / kəˈlekt /

UK / kəˈlɛkt /

A2
  • adverb
  • By asking the receiver of a call to pay for it
  • verb
  • To ask for money, e.g. for a charity
  • To gather things, people together in one place
  • To get and keep one type of things as a hobby
  • To take things and bring them together
  • To go and receive, e.g. a prize or an award
  • To take control of your own feelings or thoughts

glioblastoma

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US / ˌɡlaɪəʊblæsˈtəʊmə /

UK / ˌɡlɪoʊblæˈstoʊmə /

A1
  • noun
  • Fast-growing malignant brain tumor

pattern

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US / 'pætn /

UK / ˈpætən /

A2
  • noun
  • Model to follow in making or doing something
  • Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
  • Regular repeated behavior
  • verb
  • To copy the way something else is made

scale

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US / skeɪl /

UK / skel /

A2
  • noun
  • Size, level, or amount when compared
  • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
  • Device that is used to weigh a person or thing
  • Range of numbers from the lowest to the highest
  • Dimensions or size of something
  • verb
  • To change the size of but keep the proportions
  • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
  • To remove the scales of a fish

smell

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US / smel /

UK / smɛl /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to notice a particular odor
  • A particular odor
  • verb
  • To have a particular odor
  • To sense that something is not right
  • To notice a particular odor
  • To use the nose to sense something

mother

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US / ˈmʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈmʌðɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Female who has a child or children; female parent
  • verb
  • To take care of someone as if they were your child

manipulation

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US / məˌnɪpjʊ'leɪʃn /

UK / məˌnɪpjʊˈleʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of controlling to gain an advantage
  • Act of moving something using your hands

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

neurological

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US / ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl /

UK / ˌnjʊrəˈlɑdʒɪkəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning, used in or practicing neurology

powerful

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US / ˈpauəful /

UK / ˈpaʊəfəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having control or influence over
  • Having a lot of physical force, energy, strength

favour

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US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈfevɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
  • verb
  • To prefer or promote over another

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

retrain

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US / ˌri:ˈtreɪn /

UK / riˈtren /

B2
  • verb
  • To teach or learn new skills for a different job

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

unprecedented

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US / ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd /

UK / ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not having happened before, or to such a degree

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

automatic

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US / ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk /

UK / ˌɔtəˈmætɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Done without conscious thought
  • Operating by itself, without an operator
  • noun
  • Car that is able to change gears by itself

desire

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US / dɪ'zaɪə(r) /

UK / dɪˈzaɪr /

A2
  • noun
  • Thing that is wished for or wanted
  • verb
  • To wish for, hope or want something

craft

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US / krɑ:ft /

UK / kræft /

B1
  • noun
  • Job requiring a worker to have specific skills
  • Vehicle that travels on water or through the air
  • verb
  • To make by hand and with much skill

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

research

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
  • Work done to find or discover knowledge
  • verb
  • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

silo

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US / 'saɪləʊ /

UK / ˈsaɪlo /

C1
  • noun
  • Underground installation for firing missiles

address

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US / ə'dres /

UK / əˈdrɛs /

A1
  • noun
  • Exact street location of a place
  • A formal speech to a group of people
  • verb
  • To write the place someone lives on a letter
  • To refer to someone or something formally
  • To make a formal speech to a group of people
  • To try to find a solution to; think about

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

feeling

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US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Sensation or emotion you experience
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

final

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US / ˈfaɪnl /

UK / ˈfaɪnəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • That will not be changed; permanent
  • Being the last thing in a series
  • noun
  • Last game in a series in a competition

child

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US / tʃaɪld /

UK / tʃaɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • A very young person, between about 2 and 15

disease

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US / dɪˈzi:z /

UK / dɪˈziz /

A2
  • noun
  • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

platform

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US / 'plætfɔ:m /

UK / ˈplætˌfɔrm /

B1
  • noun
  • Flat, raised structure that people stand on
  • Area from which you board a train at a station

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

save

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US / seɪv /

UK / sev /

A1
  • noun
  • Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • preposition
  • Except; not including
  • verb
  • To make your computer keep a file
  • To keep for future use
  • To make something unnecessary; prevent
  • To keep money so that you will have it later
  • To keep something for future use, such as money
  • To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
  • To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
  • To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

exposure

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US / ɪk'spəʊʒə(r) /

UK / ɪkˈspoʒɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
  • Being talked about in the media
  • Act of making something that is secret known
  • Experience of something directly

government

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US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

instance

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US / 'ɪnstəns /

UK / ˈɪnstəns /

A2
  • noun
  • An example of something; case
  • verb
  • To give as an example of something else

epilepsy

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US / 'epɪlepsɪ /

UK / 'epɪlepsɪ /

C1
  • noun
  • Medical condition involving fits or seizures

percent

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US / pə'sent /

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

A2
  • adverb
  • One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

traumatic

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US / trɔ:ˈmætɪk /

UK / traʊˈmætɪk /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Causing upsetting emotional effects over time
  • Causing an injury

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

social

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US / ˈsəuʃəl /

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • Liking being with other people; friendly
  • Living together and depending on each other

behind

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US / bɪˈhaɪnd /

UK / bɪˈhaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a later or slower time than expected
  • Being in a losing position in a sporting event
  • Being in the past; old fashioned
  • adverb
  • Remaining
  • noun
  • The part of the body that one sits on
  • preposition
  • At or toward the back of someone or something
  • Supporting or helping someone

commodification

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • The action or process of treating something as a mere commodity.

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

hopeful

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US / 'həʊpfl /

UK / 'hoʊpfl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having or showing hope

injury

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US / 'ɪndʒərɪ /

UK / ˈɪndʒəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or emotional harm or damage

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

moment

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US / 'məʊmənt /

UK / 'moʊmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Very short or brief period of time
  • A particular period in time

terrify

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US / ˈterɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈtɛrəˌfaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To scare or greatly frighten

suffer

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US / 'sʌfə(r) /

UK / ˈsʌfɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To experience pain, illness, or injury

emotion

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US / iˈməuʃən /

UK / ɪˈmoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A feeling such as sadness, anger or love

challenge

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US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
  • Act of formally inviting someone to compete
  • A question to determine correctness of something
  • verb
  • To formally invite someone to compete at something
  • To question the correctness of something

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

widespread

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US / ˈwaɪdspred /

UK / ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or existing in many places

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

headphone

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US / 'hedfəʊn /

UK / 'hedˌfoʊn /

B2
  • noun
  • Device put over the ears to listen to recordings

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

machine

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US / mə'ʃi:n /

UK / məˈʃin /

A1
  • noun
  • Piece of equipment used to do work
  • Powerful group who control and organize things
  • verb
  • To shape, work on something, using a device

part

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US / pɑ:t /

UK / pɑ:rt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To some degree; half; not fully
  • noun
  • Division of a book
  • Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
  • A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
  • Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
  • Some, but not all of a specific thing
  • Role in causing something to happen
  • verb
  • To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
  • To move two things apart creating a space
  • To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

reprieve

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US / rɪˈpri:v /

UK / rɪˈpriv /

B2
  • verb
  • To delay a punishment, e.g. a death sentence

without

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US / wɪˈðaʊt /

UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /

A1
  • preposition
  • Not with; not having

estimate

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US / 'estɪmət /

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

A2
  • noun
  • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • verb
  • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

era

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US / 'ɪərə /

UK / 'ɪrə /

B1
  • noun
  • Period characterized by particular events, people

protect

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US / prə'tekt /

UK / prəˈtɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To defend someone or something from harm or danger

whom

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US / hu:m /

UK / hum /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Used in formal writing or speech

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

car

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US / kɑ:(r) /

UK / kɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

choice

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US / tʃɔɪs /

UK / tʃɔɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of good quality or taste; desirable
  • noun
  • Decision between two or more possibilities

nor

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US / nɔ:(r) /

UK / nɔr /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Not this or that; also not

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

dementia

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US / dɪˈmenʃə /

UK / dɪˈmɛnʃə /

B2
  • noun
  • Illness characterized by loss of memory

exist

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US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

extraordinary

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US / ɪkˈstrɔ:dnri /

UK / ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

loss

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US / lɒs /

UK / lɔ:s /

A2
  • noun
  • Friend, family, or other loved person's death
  • Decrease or decline in quantity or amount
  • Experience or state of failing to have or keep
  • A situation when you lose a game
  • Process of failing to have or keep something
  • Difficulty or trouble caused by someone's leaving
  • Situation when more money is spent than is earned

conventional

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US / kən'venʃənl /

UK / kənˈvɛnʃənəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Following the common attitudes and practices

everyday

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US / ˈevrideɪ /

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

freedom

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US / 'fri:dəm /

UK / ˈfridəm /

B1
  • noun
  • State of being free, not being controlled

quickly

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US / ˈkwɪkli /

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without taking a lot of time; fast

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

worldwide

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US / ˈwɜ:ldwaɪd /

UK / ˈwɚldˈwaɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Spanning or extending throughout the entire world
  • adverb

own

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US / əʊn /

UK / on /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belong to oneself
  • determiner
  • Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
  • pronoun
  • (Something) belong to myself
  • verb
  • To have something as your property

pacemaker

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US / ˈpeɪsmeɪkə(r) /

UK / ˈpesˌmekɚ /

C2
  • noun
  • Specialized heart device to control the heart rate
  • Specialized heart tissue controlling the heartbeat
  • The someone who determines the speed of a race

primary

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US / 'praɪmərɪ /

UK / ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Most important, most basic or essential
  • Happening first; earliest
  • of or for the teaching of young children

tumour

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US / ˈtju:mə(r) /

UK / ˈtuːmər /

B1
  • noun
  • Abnormal growth of cells; cancer

ultimately

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US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

B1
  • adverb
  • Done or considered as the final and most important

understanding

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US / ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ /

UK / ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sympathetic
  • noun
  • When you get the meaning correctly; comprehension
  • Knowledge about something or someone
  • verb
  • To know the meaning of language, what someone says

hack

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US / hæk /

UK / hæk /

B1
  • noun
  • Dry cough
  • Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
  • Writer writing a lot of poor quality work for fees
  • verb
  • To illegally access someone else's computer
  • To cough in a loud dry way
  • To cut away plants and branches to make a path
  • To cut something with many irregular blows

norm

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US / nɔ:m /

UK / nɔ:rm /

B1
  • noun
  • Standard or regular way of doing something
  • An established standard of performance or behavior
  • verb
  • To make something average (statistics)

reinforcement

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US / ˌri:ɪn'fɔ:smənt /

UK / ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, -ˈfors- /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of strengthening or supporting an army
  • Act of strengthening or adding support to

she

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US / ʃɪ /

UK / ʃi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Female person or animal mentioned before
  • (Refers to female person mentioned before)

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

action

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US / 'ækʃn /

UK / ˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that a person or thing does
  • verb
  • To act to do something

directly

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US / dəˈrektli /

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a frank and honest way
  • Right away; immediately

disable

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US / dɪs'eɪbl /

UK / dɪsˈebəl /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause something to be unable to act normally

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

headband

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US / ˈhedbænd /

UK / ˈhɛdˌbænd /

C2
  • noun
  • Band worn around or over the head

present

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US / 'preznt /

UK / ˈprɛznt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
  • noun
  • Gift
  • Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
  • Current time; now
  • verb
  • To introduce someone to others
  • To host a program on television or radio
  • To give a speech or presentation
  • To show something to someone who will examine it
  • To appear or happen
  • To give an award or prize to someone

physician

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US / fɪˈzɪʃn /

UK / fɪˈzɪʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • A medical doctor

virtually

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US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəli /

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • In an almost complete or entire manner

access

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US / 'ækses /

UK / ˈæksɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • verb
  • To be able to use or have permission to use

biometric

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US / ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪk /

UK / ˌbaɪoʊˈmetrɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to the analysis of biological data using mathematical and statistical methods

fatigue

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US / fəˈti:g /

UK / fəˈtiɡ /

B2
  • noun
  • Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
  • Being very tired
  • verb
  • To cause someone or something to become very tired

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

must

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US / məst /

UK / mʌst /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is necessary or required
  • other
  • (Used to state that something ought to be true)
  • Used to say something is required or necessary

seizure

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US / /

UK / /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of taking control of something by force
  • (Medical) sudden attack of illness, e.g. epileptic fit

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

workplace

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US / ˈwɜ:kpleɪs /

UK / ˈwɚkˌples /

B2
  • noun
  • Place where work is done

apple

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US / ˈæpl /

UK / ˈæpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Hard round red or green fruit with a white center

hospitalization

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US / ˌhɒspɪtəlaɪ'zeɪʃn /

UK / ˌhɑspɪtlɪˈzeʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Period of time when you are confined to a hospital

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

sensitive

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US / 'sensətɪv /

UK / ˈsɛnsɪtɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
  • (Private information) needing careful treatment
  • Concerning awareness of small differences
  • Able to recognize the feelings of others
  • Responsive to physical touch
  • Becoming unstable

task

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US / tɑ:sk /

UK / tæsk /

A2
  • noun
  • Big or small piece of work someone has to do
  • verb
  • To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

claim

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US / kleɪm /

UK / klem /

A2
  • noun
  • Demand for something that is believed to be due
  • Something said to be true when others don't agree
  • verb
  • To demand something that is believed to be due
  • To cause someone's life to come to an end
  • To say something is true when others may not agree

nothing

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US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

align

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US / əˈlaɪn /

UK / əˈlaɪn /

B2
  • verb
  • To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another

complication

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US / ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑ:mplɪˈkeɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Action making something harder to do something

cradle

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US / ˈkreɪdl /

UK / ˈkredl /

B2
  • noun
  • Small bed for a baby, with rockers and sides
  • verb
  • To hold (a child) protectively in your arms

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

interrelated

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US / ˌɪntərɪˈleɪtɪd /

UK / ˌɪntərɪˈleɪtɪd /

C2
  • verb
  • To connect two or more things
  • To be related between families

implant

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US / ɪmˈplɑ:nt /

UK / ɪmˈplænt /

B2
  • noun
  • Medical material, thing to improve the teeth, body
  • verb
  • To put something into, an idea in someone's mind
  • To put medical material in, as to improve teeth

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

track

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US / træk /

UK / træk /

A2
  • noun
  • A circular course for running
  • Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
  • Path in a field or a forest made by walkers
  • Often circular course laid out for car racing
  • One of multiple musical recordings on an album
  • Band surrounding the wheels of a tank
  • Metal lines that trains ride on
  • verb
  • To use marks to follow a wild animal
  • To move a certain way/follow a particular course
  • To record and examine the progress of something

virtual

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US / ˈvɜ:tʃuəl /

UK / ˈvɚtʃuəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Existing only on the internet or on a computer
  • Existing only in a digital world
  • Almost being; nearly complete

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

absolute

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US / ˈæbsəlu:t /

UK / ˈæbsəˌlut /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Complete; total; pure; not limited in any way
  • noun
  • Something that is complete, total, pure, certain

conservative

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US / kənˈsɜ:vətɪv /

UK / kənˈsɚvətɪv /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
  • Resistant to change
  • noun
  • Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

eye

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US / aɪ /

UK / aɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • The part of the body that you see with
  • The skill to see the good and bad parts of a thing
  • Hole at the end of a needle
  • verb
  • To watch or study something closely

impact

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US / 'ɪmpækt /

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2
  • noun
  • A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • Very strong influence
  • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
  • verb
  • To hit or strike someone or something with force

health

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US / helθ /

UK / hɛlθ /

A1
  • noun
  • (Person, company) being in a good condition; well

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

reaction

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US / rɪ'ækʃn /

UK / riˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • Feeling or action in response to something

secure

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US / sɪ'kjʊə(r) /

UK / sɪˈkjʊr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being attached to something tightly and surely
  • (Place that is) locked, guarded and safe
  • verb
  • To get or achieve something with certainty
  • To firmly attach something to something else
  • To protect from danger or harm, keep things safe

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

witness

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US / 'wɪtnəs /

UK / ˈwɪtnɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Person who was present to see an event take place
  • Evidence or proof of something
  • verb
  • To see the signing of an official document
  • To see an event take place (usually a crime)
  • To serve as an example or evidence of something

week

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

depression

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US / dɪ'preʃn /

UK / dɪˈprɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Medical condition of a lack of vitality
  • Period of unemployment and low economic activity

identify

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US / aɪ'dentɪfaɪ /

UK / aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ /

B1
  • verb
  • To indicate who or what someone or something is

footstep

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US / ˈfʊtstep /

UK / ˈfʊtˌstɛp /

C1
  • noun
  • Sound of someone walking

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

live

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US / lɪv /

UK / liv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being broadcast as events happen, not recorded
  • Carrying electric current; able to give a shock
  • Glowing because burning; hot
  • Not yet killed (for food)
  • adverb
  • (Music, drama) as it is performed
  • verb
  • To be alive
  • To experience a particular type of life
  • To make your home in a house or town

transparent

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US / trænsˈpærənt /

UK / trænsˈpærənt /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being open to see and to public criticism
  • Able to be seen through
  • Being simple and easily understood

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

decode

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US / ˌdi:ˈkəʊd /

UK / ˌdi:ˈkoʊd /

B2
  • verb
  • To translate from code into the plain text

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

flourish

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US / 'flʌrɪʃ /

UK / ˈflɚrɪʃ, ˈflʌr- /

B2
  • noun
  • Fancy addition or decoration
  • verb
  • To show and direct attention by waving something
  • To add a fancy addition or decoration
  • To be healthy or successful

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

forward

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US / 'fɔ:wəd /

UK / ˈfɔrwəd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Toward what is ahead; in front
  • Acting in a socially aggressive manner; pushy
  • adverb
  • Toward the front in place; in front
  • Toward a future time; to a more advanced state
  • verb
  • To send something to another address or person

privacy

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US / ˈprɪvəsi /

UK / ˈpraɪvəsi /

B2
  • noun
  • State of being hidden from the presence of others

misuse

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US / ˌmɪs'ju:s /

UK / mɪsˈjuz /

A2
  • noun
  • Incorrect use of something
  • verb
  • To treat a person or thing badly
  • To use something incorrectly

revolutionize

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US / ˌrevə'lu:ʃənaɪz /

UK / revəˈluːʃəˌnaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To completely change so that it is much better

power

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US / 'paʊə(r) /

UK / ˈpaʊɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Legal or official right to perform certain actions
  • Ability to move forcefully and quickly
  • Energy of something (e.g. electricity or fuel)
  • Mathematical way to multiply a number
  • Condition of being in political control
  • Physical force, energy, and strength
  • verb
  • To give energy to something, e.g. by electricity
  • To move something forcefully and quickly

stress

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US / stres /

UK / strɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
  • Pressure on something or someone
  • A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
  • verb
  • To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
  • To put pressure on something or someone
  • To say your opinion strongly
  • To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

intractable

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US / ɪnˈtræktəbl /

UK / ɪnˈtræktəbəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to manage, control, or solve

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

researcher

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

stretch

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US / stretʃ /

UK / strɛtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Making arm, leg muscles longer to ease them
  • A consecutive row of things
  • A period of time
  • verb
  • To make your arm, leg muscles long to ease them
  • To make something bigger by pulling on it

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

arm

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US / ɑ:m /

UK / ɑrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Part of your body from your shoulder to your hand
  • A branch of another object e.g. company
  • The side part of a chair where your arms go
  • The influence or power an authority has
  • verb
  • To activate a weapon or bomb for use
  • To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

interception

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US / ˌɪntə'sepʃn /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈsɛpʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Preventing something from proceeding or arriving

inflection

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US / ɪnˈflekʃn /

UK / ɪnˈflɛkʃən /

C1
  • noun
  • Change in a person's voice when talking
  • Change in ending depending on use in a sentence

play

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US / pleɪ /

UK / pleɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Loose, free movement between two objects
  • Single action in a sports game
  • Performance in which people act in a theater
  • verb
  • To act as a character in a movie, or on stage
  • To perform music on an instrument
  • To use a device, e.g. a video game
  • To do something for enjoyment and fun
  • To do or perform a game or sport

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

mobile

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US / 'məʊbaɪl /

UK / ˈmoʊbl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Able to be moved or able to move
  • noun
  • Personal phone you take with you wherever you go

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

word

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US / wɜ:d /

UK / wɚd /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of language that has a meaning
  • Promise
  • Short remark or piece of information
  • verb
  • To express something by choosing particular words

adapt

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US / ə'dæpt /

UK / əˈdæpt /

B1
  • verb
  • To change something for a different function
  • To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

advance

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US / əd'vɑ:ns /

UK / ædˈvæns /

A2
  • noun
  • Forward movement by an army
  • An attempt to seduce someone
  • verb
  • (Of an army) to move forward
  • To change or improve
  • To increase in price or value
  • To move forward in a certain direction
  • To try to seduce someone

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

executive

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US / ɪɡ'zekjətɪv /

UK / ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a high ranking job in a company
  • noun
  • A senior manager in a business or organization

spain

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US / speɪn /

UK / speɪn /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A country in southwestern Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian peninsula; population 46

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

three

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US / θri: /

UK / θri /

A1
  • number
  • Number 3

physical

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US / ˈfɪzɪkl /

UK / ˈfɪzɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the body of a person
  • Concerning things that can be seen or touched
  • noun
  • Health check at the doctors' or hospital

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

suspect

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US / sə'spekt /

UK / səˈspɛkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a thing) causing doubt; suspicious
  • noun
  • Person thought to have committed a crime
  • verb
  • To consider someone is the one guilty of a crime
  • To doubt or lack trust

body

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US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

order

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US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • Instructions to others to do what you want
  • State in which things are neat and organized
  • What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
  • Social or political control of an area
  • verb
  • To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
  • To give instructions to others to do what you want
  • To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

run

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US / rʌn /

UK / rʌn /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey between two places made by ship or car
  • Series of similar things or successes and failures
  • Act of running; exercise of running
  • verb
  • To depart or travel according to a schedule
  • To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
  • (Of an engine) to be operating
  • To start or use a computer program
  • To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
  • To manage or operate a business
  • To operate or drive something
  • (Of a road) to go from one place to another
  • To move your legs faster than walking

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

psychologist

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US / saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst /

UK / saɪˈkɑlədʒɪst /

C2
  • noun
  • An expert who studies the mind and behavior

treat

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US / tri:t /

UK / trit /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you buy for others as a surprise present
  • something that tastes good and that is not eaten often
  • verb
  • To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
  • To use medical methods to try to cure an illness
  • To act in a certain way toward someone

broad

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US / brɔ:d /

UK / brɔd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • General; not detailed
  • Wide; from the shorter two sides to the other

imagination

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US / ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn /

UK / ɪˌmædʒəˈneʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Ability to creates new ideas and mental images

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

specific

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US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

tattoo

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US / tə'tu: /

UK / tæˈtu /

B2
  • noun
  • Permanent ink drawing on a person's skin
  • verb
  • To put a permanent ink drawing on a person's skin
  • Subtitles section
  • Today, we know and track virtually nothing that's happening in our own brains.
  • But in a future that is coming much faster than you realize, all of that is about to change.
  • We're now familiar with sensors in our smartwatches to our rings that track everything from our heartbeats to our footsteps, breaths, body temperature, even our sleep.
  • Now, consumer neurotech devices are being sold worldwide to enable us to track our own brain activity.
  • As companies from Meta to Microsoft, Snap, and even Apple begin to embed brain sensors in our everyday devices like our earbuds, headphones, headbands, watches, and even wearable tattoos, we're reaching an inflection point in brain transparency.
  • And those are just some of the company names we're familiar with.
  • There are so many more.
  • Consumer neurotech devices are moving from niche products with limited applications to becoming the way in which we'll learn about our own brain activity, our controller for virtual reality and augmented reality,
  • And one of the primary ways we'll interact with all of the rest of our technology.
  • Even conservative estimates of the neurotech industry put it at more than 38 billion dollars by 2032.
  • This new category of technology presents unprecedented possibility, both good and bad.
  • Consider how our physical health and well-being are increasing while neurological disease and suffering continue to rise.
  • 55 million people around the world are struggling with dementia, with more than 60 to 70 percent of them suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
  • Nearly a billion people struggle with mental health and drug use disorders.
  • Depression affects more than 300 million.
  • Consumer neurotech devices can finally enable us to treat our brain health and wellness as seriously as we treat the rest of our physical well-being.
  • But making our brains transparent to others also introduces extraordinary risks, which is why before it's too late to do so, we must change the basic terms of service for neurotechnology in favor of individual rights.
  • I say this not just as a law professor who believes in the power of law, nor just a philosopher trying to flesh out norms, but as a mother who's been personally and profoundly impacted by the use of neurotechnology in my own life.
  • On Mother's Day in 2017, as my daughter Calista lay cradled in my arms, she took one last beautiful breath.
  • After a prolonged hospitalization, complications following infections claimed her life.
  • The harrowing trauma that she endured and we witnessed stretched into weeks, and I was left with lasting trauma that progressed into post-traumatic stress disorder.
  • Sleep escaped me for years, as each time I closed my eyes, I relived everything from the first moments that I was pushed out of the emergency room to her gut-wrenching cries.
  • Ultimately, it was the help of a talented psychologist using exposure therapy and my use of neurofeedback that enabled me to sleep through the night.
  • For others who are suffering from traumatic memories, an innovative new approach using decoded neurofeedback, or DECNF, may offer reprieve.
  • This groundbreaking approach uses machine learning algorithms to identify specific brain activity patterns, including those associated with traumatic memories.
  • Participants then play a game that enables them to retrain their brain activity on positive associations instead.
  • If I had had DECNF available to me at the time, I might have overcome my PTSD more quickly without having to relive every sound, terror and smell in order to do so.
  • I'm not the only one.
  • Sarah described herself as being at the end of her life, no longer in a life worth living because of her severe and intractable depression.
  • Then, using implanted brain sensors that reset her brain activity like a pacemaker for the brain,
  • Sarah reclaimed her will to live.
  • While implanted neurotechnology advances have been extraordinary, it's the everyday brain sensors that are embedded in our ordinary technology that I believe will impact the majority of our lives.
  • Like the one-third of adults and nearly one-quarter of children who are living with epilepsy for whom conventional anti-seizure medications fail.
  • Now, researchers from Israel to Spain have developed brain sensors using the power of AI and pattern recognition and consumer electroencephalography to enable the detection of epileptic seizures minutes to up to an hour before they occur,
  • Sending potentially life-saving alerts to a mobile device.
  • Regular use of brain sensors could even enable us to detect the earliest stages of the most aggressive forms of brain tumors like glioblastoma, where early detection is crucial to saving lives.
  • The same could hold true for Parkinson's disease to Alzheimer's, traumatic brain injury, ADHD and even depression.
  • We may even change our brains for the better.
  • The brain-training game industry worth a staggering $6.5 billion in 2021 was for years met with controversy because of unsupported scientific claims about their efficacy.
  • But now, some brain-training platforms like Cognifit have proven powerful in improving brain processing speeds, memory, reasoning and even executive functioning when played repeatedly over time.
  • When paired with neurofeedback devices for learning reinforcement, this could revolutionize how we learn and adapt to change.
  • Other breakthroughs could be transformational for the human experience.
  • Today, most human brain studies are based on a very small number of participants engaged in very specific tasks in a controlled laboratory environment.
  • With widespread use of brain sensors, the data we could have to learn about the human brain would exponentially increase.
  • With sufficiently large data sets of long-term, real-world data from people engaged in everyday activity, we just might address everything from neurological disease and suffering to creating transformational possibilities for the human experience.
  • But all of this will only be possible if people can confidently share their brain data without fear that it will be misused against them.
  • You see, the brain data that will be collected and generated by these devices won't be collected in traditional laboratory environments or in clinical research studies run by physicians and scientists.
  • Instead, it will be the sellers of these new devices, the very companies who've been commodifying our personal data for years.
  • Which is why we can't go into this new era naive about the risks or complacent about the challenges that the collection and sharing our brain data will pose.
  • Scientific hurdles can and will be addressed in time, but the social hurdles will be the most challenging.
  • Unlike the technologies of the past that track and hack through the human brain, brain sensors provide direct access to the part of ourselves that we hold back, that we don't express through our words and our actions.
  • Brain data, in many instances, will be more sensitive than the personal data of the past because it reflects our feelings, our mental states, our emotions, our preferences, our desires, even our very thoughts.
  • I would never have wanted the data that was collected as I worked through the trauma of my personal loss to have been commodified, shared and analyzed by others.
  • These aren't just hypothetical risks.
  • Take EnterTech, a Hangzhou-based company who has collected millions of instances of brain activity data as people have engaged in mind-controlled car racing, sleeping, working, even using neurofeedback with their devices.
  • They've already entered into partnerships with other companies to share and analyze that data.
  • Unless people have individual control over their brain data, it will be used for micro-targeting or worse instead of treating dementia.
  • Like the employees worldwide who've already been subject to brain surveillance in the workplace to track their attention and fatigue, to governments developing brain biometrics to authenticate people at borders,
  • To interrogate criminal suspects' brains, and even weapons that are being crafted to disable and disorient the human brain.
  • Brain wearables will have not only read but write capabilities, creating risks that our brains can be hacked, manipulated and even subject to targeted attacks.
  • We must act quickly to safeguard against the very real and terrifying risks to our innermost selves.
  • Recognizing a human right to cognitive liberty would offer those safeguards.
  • Cognitive liberty is a right from interference by others, but it is also a right to self-determination over our brains and mental experiences to enable human flourishing.
  • To achieve this, we need to recognize three interrelated human rights and update our understanding of them to secure to us a right to mental privacy, to safeguard us from interference with our automatic reactions,
  • Our emotions and our thoughts.
  • Freedom of thought as an absolute human right to protect us from interception, manipulation and punishment of our thoughts.
  • And self-determination to secure self-ownership over our brains and mental experiences to access and change them if we want to do so.
  • There are important efforts already underway, from the UN to UNESCO and nations worldwide, over rights and regulations around neurotechnologies.
  • But those rights need to be better aligned with a broader set of digital rights.
  • Cognitive liberty is an update to liberty in the digital age, as an umbrella concept of human flourishing across digital technologies.
  • Because the right way forward isn't through metaverse rights or AI rights or neurotech rights and the like.
  • It's to recognize that these technologies don't exist in silos, but in combination affecting our brains and mental experiences.
  • We are literally at a moment before.
  • And I mean a moment.
  • Consumer brain wearables have already arrived, and the commodification of our brains has already begun.
  • It's now just a question of scale.
  • We haven't yet passed the inflection point where most of our brains can be directly accessed and changed by others.
  • But it is about to happen, giving us a final moment to make a change so that we don't look back in a few years' time and lament the world we've left behind.
  • We can and should be hopeful and deliberate about the choices we make now to secure a right to self-determination over our brains and mental experiences.
  • The possibilities, if we do so, are limited only by our imagination.
  • Thank you.