What did people do before anesthesia? - Sally Frampton
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
decade
US / ˈdekeɪd /
•UK / ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked /
- noun
- Period of 10 years
gynaecological
US / ˌɡaɪnəkəˈlɒdʒɪkl /
•UK / ˌɡaɪnəkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl /
- adjecitve
- Practicing gynecology
hear
US / hɪə(r) /
•UK / hɪr /
- verb
- To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
- To be told or find out information or facts
- To consider or listen to a court case
obstetrician
US / ˌɒbstəˈtrɪʃn /
•UK / ˌɑ:bstəˈtrɪʃn /
- noun
- Doctor in obstetrics (medical science of birth)
dictate
US / dɪk'teɪt /
•UK / ˈdɪkˌtet /
- verb
- To speak while someone writes down your words
- To make a thing necessary
- To order that something should happen
his
US / hɪz /
•UK / hɪz /
- pronoun
- Something belonging to a male person
regain
US / rɪ'ɡeɪn /
•UK / riˈɡen /
- verb
- To get something back that had been lost
upon
US / əˈpɔn, əpən /
•UK / əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn /
- preposition
- More formal term for 'on'
with
US / wɪð /
•UK / wɪð, wɪθ /
- preposition
- As an employee of a certain company
- Against something or someone
- By using something as a means
- Due to; because of
- Including
- Possessing as a feature
- Related to
- (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
- Used to express that people or things are together
before
US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /
•UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /
- adverb
- At a time earlier than the present; previously
- conjunction
- In advance of something happening
- preposition
- In front of someone or something
century
US / 'sentʃərɪ /
•UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /
- noun
- Period of 100 years
ibn
US / 'aɪæmb /
•UK / 'aɪæmb /
insufficient
US / ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃnt /
•UK / ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt /
- adjecitve
- Not sufficient; not enough
have
US / həv /
•UK / hæv /
- verb
- To drink, smoke, eat or use something
- To experience the effects of something
- To organize an event, or join in an activity
- To own, possess, or hold something
- To cause to happen or produce a particular effect
part
US / pɑ:t /
•UK / pɑ:rt /
- adjecitve
- To some degree; half; not fully
- noun
- Division of a book
- Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
- A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
- Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
- Some, but not all of a specific thing
- Role in causing something to happen
- verb
- To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
- To move two things apart creating a space
- To leave someone, or to break off a relationship
painless
US / ˈpeɪnləs /
•UK / ˈpenlɪs /
- adjecitve
- Requiring little hard work or exertion
opium
US / ˈəʊpiəm /
•UK / ˈopiəm /
- noun
- Addictive drug made from the seeds of a poppy
popularity
US / ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti /
•UK / ˌpɑ:pjuˈlærəti /
- noun
- State of being liked or supported by many people
without
US / wɪˈðaʊt /
•UK / wɪðˈaʊt, wɪθ- /
- preposition
- Not with; not having
see
US / si: /
•UK / si /
- verb
- To go on a date with someone
- To predict whether something is, or will be true
- To understand what someone says
- To use your eyes to look at something
- To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
- To visit or meet with someone
- To find out by waiting or looking
- To watch (a game, movie or TV show)
fibula
US / ˈfɪbjələ /
•UK / ˈfɪbjələ /
- noun
- Outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
month
US / mʌnθ /
•UK / mʌnθ /
- noun
- One of 12 28-31 day periods in the year
complete
US / kəm'pli:t /
•UK / kəmˈplit /
- adjecitve
- Being finished; done; achieved
- Being as perfect and as total as could be
- verb
- To finish or reach the end of doing something
could
US / kəd /
•UK / kʊd /
- other
- Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
- Used to ask for something politely, or to offer
moment
US / 'məʊmənt /
•UK / 'moʊmənt /
- noun
- Very short or brief period of time
- A particular period in time
know
US / nəʊ /
•UK / noʊ /
- verb
- To be familiar with a person or place, thing
- To feel sure or be convinced about something
- To discover or be aware of something
- To be able to distinguish
- To have knowledge of things
public
US / 'pʌblɪk /
•UK / ˈpʌblɪk /
- adjecitve
- Owned by the government
- Concerning society in general
- Being available or accessible to people in general
- Known or able to be known by all people
suffer
US / 'sʌfə(r) /
•UK / ˈsʌfɚ /
- verb
- To experience pain, illness, or injury
induce
US / ɪn'dju:s /
•UK / ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus /
- verb
- To make someone do something; create an outcome
- To make a woman give birth by giving her medicine
scientist
US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
•UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /
- noun
- Person who is trained in a science
quickly
US / ˈkwɪkli /
•UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /
- adverb
- Without taking a lot of time; fast
tou
US / 'tɒtərɪŋ /
•UK / 'tɒtərɪŋ /
end
US / end /
•UK / ɛnd /
- noun
- The point where a process or activity stops
- A point that marks the limit of something; finish
- Goal or desired result
- The tip, edge or limit of something
- verb
- To be the last part of something
fall
US / fɔ:l /
•UK / fɔl /
- noun
- Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
- A drop in amount; decrease
- Dropping from a standing position to the ground
- verb
- To drop in amount; to decrease
- To come down from a higher position suddenly
- To go from standing to the ground, by accident
ponder
US / ˈpɒndə(r) /
•UK / ˈpɑ:ndə(r) /
- verb
- To think about something with great care
upper
US / ˈʌpə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌpɚ /
- adjecitve
- Located above others of the same kind
- Being the northern part of a region
- Being closer to the source of a river
- noun
- Drug that improves mood or increases energy
- Something happy or encouraging
- Top part of a shoe, other than the flat bottom
anesthetize
US / ə'nesθətaɪz /
•UK / ˈənɛsθɪˌtaɪz /
- other
- Administer an anesthetic drug to
arab
US / ˈærəb /
•UK / ˈærəb /
- noun
- Citizen of an Arabic speaking nation
can
US / kæn /
•UK / kən,kæn /
- noun
- A metal container for storing food
- other
- Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
- verb
- To have permission to
- To be possible to do
- To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container
effect
US / ɪ'fekt /
•UK / ɪˈfɛkt /
- noun
- An advantage, benefit
- Change brought about by a cause; result
herb
US / hɜ:b /
•UK / ɜ:rb /
- noun
- Small leafy plant used in medicines or food
onlooker
US / ˈɒnlʊkə(r) /
•UK / ˈɑ:nlʊkə(r) /
- noun
- Someone who looks on or watches others
alongside
US / əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd /
•UK / əˌlɔ:ŋˈsaɪd /
- preposition
- Side by side with something
effectiveness
US / ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs /
•UK / əˈfɛktɪvnɪs /
- noun
- Degree of how well something works or is done
friend
US / frend /
•UK / frɛnd /
- noun
- Person who you like and enjoy being with
now
US / naʊ /
•UK / naʊ /
- adverb
- At the present time or moment
- Right away or in the next possible moment
- Used to refer to something that just happened
- Time between the present and a moment in the past
- conjunction
- Resulting from or because of something
perform
US / pə'fɔ:m /
•UK / pɚˈfɔrm /
- verb
- To carry out an action well or successfully
- To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.
unconsciousness
US / ʌnˈkɒnʃəsnəs /
•UK / ʌnˈkɑn-ʃəsnɪs /
- noun
- Being asleep
anesthetic
US / ˌænəs'θetɪk /
•UK / ˌænɪsˈθɛtɪk /
- other
- A drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations
- Characterized by insensibility
belief
US / bɪˈli:f /
•UK / bɪˈlif /
- noun
- Being sure that something exists or is true
- Trust in an idea or set of ideas
- A particular opinion about something
october
US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /
•UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /
- noun
- 10th month of the year
not
US / nɒt /
•UK / nɑt /
- adverb
- Word indicating the negative
- (Used to form the negative of verbs)
themselves
US / ðəmˈselvz /
•UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /
- pronoun
- Reflexive form of 'they'
safety
US / ˈseɪfti /
•UK / ˈsefti /
- noun
- Device on a gun to prevent accidental shooting
- State of being free from harm or danger
video
US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /
•UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /
- adjecitve
- Of a moving film, with sound
- noun
- Recording capturing action with sound
- verb
- To make a moving film of, with sound
yet
US / jet /
•UK / jɛt /
- adverb
- At a later time (used after ‘not’)
- (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
- Eventually; at a future time
- Until now; up to the present
- conjunction
- Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast
carcinogenic
US / ˌkɑ:sɪnəˈdʒenɪk /
•UK / ˌkɑ:rsɪnəˈdʒenɪk /
- adjecitve
- Describes a substance which causes cancer
consciousness
US / 'kɒnʃəsnəs /
•UK / ˈkɑnʃəsnɪs /
- noun
- Process by which thoughts, ideas are processed
favour
US / ˈfeɪvə(r) /
•UK / ˈfevɚ /
- noun
- What someone asks of you; helpful act; a kindness
- verb
- To prefer or promote over another
involve
US / ɪn'vɒlv /
•UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /
- verb
- To have or be included as a part of something
neck
US / nek /
•UK / nɛk /
- noun
- Part of the body joining the head and the body
- Opening of a piece of clothing for your head
- verb
- (Lovers) to play affectionately; kissing
saturate
US / ˈsætʃəreɪt /
•UK / ˈsætʃəˌret /
- other
- To cause something to become very wet
- verb
- To cause a liquid to not be able to absorb more
- To try to fill up e.g. a market
- To cause something to become very wet
publicity
US / pʌbˈlɪsəti /
•UK / pʌˈblɪsɪti /
- noun
- Attention given to person/thing by news/radio/TV
understand
US / ˌʌndə'stænd /
•UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /
- verb
- To know the meaning of language, what someone says
would
US / wʊd /
•UK / wʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate something imagined
- Used to ask or request something politely
- Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
- Used to indicate a preference
- Used to indicate a reaction
- Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
- Used to indicate willingness or ability to do
experimental
US / ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl /
•UK / ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntl /
- adjecitve
- Using techniques that are different or untried
recreationally
US / /
•UK / /
- adverb
- As regards recreation; for leisure
chloroform
US / ˈklɒrəfɔ:m /
•UK / ˈklɔ:rəfɔ:rm /
- noun
- Volatile liquid haloform (CHCl); formerly used as an anesthetic
dream
US / dri:m /
•UK / drim /
- noun
- A wish or hope for something to happen
- Imagination or image of something you want
- Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
- verb
- To wish for something to happen
- To experience thoughts, images while asleep
ability
US / ə'bɪlətɪ /
•UK / əˈbɪlɪti /
- noun
- The power, resources or skill to do something
but
US / bət /
•UK / bʌt,bət /
- conjunction
- Used before you say something different, opposite
cut
US / kʌt /
•UK / kʌt /
- noun
- Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
- Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
- A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
- verb
- To reduce the size or amount of something
- To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces
english
US / ˈɪŋglɪʃ /
•UK / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of England
- noun
- Language of the UK, USA, Nigeria and elsewhere
- Person's name
childbirth
US / ˈtʃaɪldbɜ:θ /
•UK / ˈtʃaɪldˌbəθ /
- noun
- Process of giving birth to a child
first
US / fɜ:st /
•UK / fɚst /
- adjecitve
- 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
- noun
- Something that has not happened before
- Position of the winner of a competition
physician
US / fɪˈzɪʃn /
•UK / fɪˈzɪʃən /
- noun
- A medical doctor
powder
US / 'paʊdə(r) /
•UK / ˈpaʊdɚ /
- noun
- Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
- Dry and light form of snow
- verb
- To apply a dust onto the body or face
tumour
US / ˈtju:mə(r) /
•UK / ˈtuːmər /
- noun
- Abnormal growth of cells; cancer
access
US / 'ækses /
•UK / ˈæksɛs /
- noun
- Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
- verb
- To be able to use or have permission to use
during
US / ˈdjʊərɪŋ /
•UK / ˈdʊrɪŋ, ˈdjʊr- /
- preposition
- At some point in the course of an event or thing
include
US / ɪnˈklu:d /
•UK / ɪnˈklud /
- verb
- To make someone, something part of a group
student
US / ˈstju:dnt /
•UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /
- noun
- Person studying at school
then
US / ðen /
•UK / ðɛn /
- adverb
- A time that is not now
- Following another thing in time or arrangement
- Following on reasonably from what was just stated
- At that time, not now
dose
US / dəʊs /
•UK / doʊs /
- noun
- An amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
- verb
- To give a certain amount of something to someone
stay
US / steɪ /
•UK / ste /
- noun
- Legal order to stop or delay an action
- Strong rope or wire that supports a ship's mast
- Period of time spent living in or visiting a place
- verb
- To keep trying without giving up
- To remain in the same place and not move away
- To spend time visiting a place or someone's home
tooth
US / tu:θ /
•UK / tuθ /
- noun
- A sharp points on the edge of a machine or tool
- Hard white things in the mouth, used to bite
find
US / faɪnd /
•UK / faɪnd /
- noun
- Object discovered by chance
- Things that have been discovered from searching
- verb
- To become aware of something that is happening
- To discover or meet by chance
- To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
- To learn through study, research, or effort
- To discover something by looking for it
formulation
US / ˌfɔ:mjʊ'leɪʃn /
•UK / ˌfɔrmjəˈleʃən /
- noun
- Development of a plan, system, or proposal
japan
US / dʒəˈpæn /
•UK / dʒəˈpæn /
- noun
- A string of more than islands to the east of Asia
- Lacquer with a durable glossy black finish, originally from the orient
- Lacquerware decorated and varnished in the Japanese manner with a glossy durable black lacquer
- verb
- Coat with a lacquer, as done in Japan
mix
US / mɪks /
•UK / mɪks /
- noun
- A combination of more than two things
- verb
- To combine two or more things to make one
- To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party
primarily
US / praɪˈmerəli /
•UK / praɪˈmɛrəli, -ˈmɛr- /
- adverb
- In the most basic or important way
restrain
US / rɪ'streɪn /
•UK / rɪˈstren /
- verb
- To limit, restrict, or keep under control
hua
US / ˌeɪtʃ juː ˈeɪ; hwɑː /
•UK / /
least
US / li:st /
•UK / list /
- adverb
- In the smallest or lowest way
- noun
- Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree
robert
US / 'rɒbət /
•UK / 'rɒbət /
- proper noun
- The name of three kings of Scotland.
about
US / ə'baʊt /
•UK / əˈbaʊt /
- adverb
- To be ready to; going to
- Nearly; approximately; roughly
- Near; next to; close to
- In every direction; in the area of
- preposition
- Concerning or of (a topic)
different
US / ˈdɪfrənt /
•UK / ˈdɪfrənt /
- adjecitve
- Not of the same kind; unlike other things
eventually
US / ɪˈventʃuəli /
•UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /
- adverb
- After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
like
US / laɪk /
•UK / laɪk /
- adjecitve
- Being equal in status or kind to something else
- Similar; the same
- adverb
- For example
- preposition
- Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
- In a way similar to the way something is done
- Such as; for example
- verb
- To want to
- To find something pleasing; to prefer something
quest
US / kwest /
•UK / kwɛst /
- noun
- Long and challenging journey to find something
that
US / ðæt /
•UK / ðæt, ðət /
- adjecitve
- The person or thing being talked about
- Used to identify something both the speakers know
- adverb
- Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
- To such a degree
- conjunction
- Used to connect a noun clause
- Used to introduce an adverbial clause
- Used to introduce a noun clause
- determiner
- Used as a noun to refer to something
- pronoun
- Referring an object far away
- Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’
what
US / wɒt /
•UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /
- pronoun
- Thing or things that; the same kind as
- Used to emphasize something you are about to say
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
- Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
- adverb
- To a certain degree
- determiner
- Question words used for asking for information
- exclamation
- Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
- Used to ask people to repeat something they said
anesthesia
US / ˌænəs'θi:ʒə /
•UK / ˌænɪsˈθiʒə /
- other
- Loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
argue
US / ˈɑ:gju: /
•UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /
- verb
- To fight or disagree over something
- To state your reasons for or against an idea
closely
US / 'kləʊslɪ /
•UK / ˈkloslɪ /
- adverb
- In a careful manner
- Nearby; just next to
dentist
US / ˈdentɪst /
•UK / ˈdɛntɪst /
- noun
- Person whose job is to take care of people's teeth
frolic
US / 'frɒlɪk /
•UK / ˈfrɑlɪk /
- noun
- Activity that is full of joy and fun
- verb
- To be full of joy and fun
happen
US / 'hæpən /
•UK / ˈhæpən /
- verb
- To take place or occur
consequence
US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /
•UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /
- noun
- Importance of a person or thing
- Outcome of an event; result
begin
US / bɪ'ɡɪn /
•UK / ˈbeɡɪn /
- verb
- To do the first part of an action; to start
soon
US / su:n /
•UK / sun /
- adverb
- At a time not long from now
few
US / fju: /
•UK / fju /
- pronoun
- Not many, a small number
laugh
US / lɑ:f /
•UK / læf, lɑf /
- noun
- Happy noise you make when something is funny
- verb
- To make a happy sound when something is funny
tibia
US / ˈtɪbiə /
•UK / ˈtɪbiə /
- noun
- Inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
under
US / ˈʌndə(r) /
•UK / ˈʌndɚ /
- adjecitve
- In the same place as another thing, but lower
- adverb
- In a lower quantity or price than expected
- preposition
- According to the terms of an agreement or law
- Managed or controlled by the authority of
- Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
- Influenced or affected by something or someone
- Less or lower in age, amount, size or number
ask
US / ɑ:sk /
•UK / æsk /
- verb
- To say to someone that you want something
launch
US / lɔ:ntʃ /
•UK / lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ /
- noun
- Starting a new project; introducing new product
- Act of firing rockets into the air
- verb
- To start a new project; start selling a product
- To put a rocket into the air
- To put a ship into the water for the first time
start
US / stɑ:t /
•UK / stɑrt /
- noun
- First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
- First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
- Sudden action or movement because you are scared
- other
- Beginning of something in place or time
- verb
- To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
- To turn something on
within
US / wɪˈðɪn /
•UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /
- adverb
- Inside the limits of an area, time or range
- preposition
- From the inside of something
inhale
US / ɪnˈheɪl /
•UK / ɪnˈhel /
- verb
- To breathe in something like air or smoke
- To eat or drink something extremely fast
news
US / nju:z /
•UK / nu:z /
- noun
- Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
- Information about recent events
amount
US / ə'maʊnt /
•UK / əˈmaʊnt /
- noun
- Quantity of something
- verb
- To add up to a certain figure
black
US / blæk /
•UK / blæk /
- adjecitve
- Color of the sky on a dark night
- noun
- A person with dark skin, often of African origin
- Person's name
- verb
- To fill in something to make it a very dark color
leg
US / leɡ /
•UK / lɛɡ /
- noun
- Part of the body from the hips down
- The piece of furniture that touches the ground
poise
US / pɔɪz /
•UK / pɔɪz /
- noun
- Way of behaving with confidence/emotional control
- other
- Way of moving gracefully with balance/control
- To hold something steadily
- verb
- To hold something steadily
success
US / sək'ses /
•UK / səkˈsɛs /
- noun
- Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
- A successful person; one who achieved their aims
anaesthetic
US / ˌænəsˈθetɪk /
•UK / ˌænɪsˈθɛtɪk /
- adjecitve
- Drug to put a patient unconscious during surgery
chinese
US / /
•UK / /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of China
eagerly
US / 'i:gəlɪ /
•UK / ˈiɡɚlɪ /
- adverb
- With eagerness; in an eager manner
fully
US / 'fʊlɪ /
•UK / ˈfʊli /
- adverb
- Completely or entirely
just
US / dʒʌst /
•UK / dʒʌst /
- adjecitve
- Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
- Doing or being what is right or fair
- Legally correct; having enough evidence
- adverb
- Almost; nearly
- Exactly at the time of
- Exactly (the same as, like)
setback
US / 'setbæk /
•UK / ˈsɛtˌbæk /
- noun
- Unfortunate happening that hinders or frustrates
for
US / fə(r) /
•UK / fɔr,fə /
- preposition
- Used to show the purpose, or need of something
formulate
US / 'fɔ:mjʊleɪt /
•UK / ˈfɔrmjəˌlet /
- verb
- To make and develop a set of rules or ideas
japanese
US / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /
•UK / ˌdʒæpəˈniːz /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Japan
player
US / ˈpleɪə(r) /
•UK / ˈpleɚ /
- noun
- Machine that plays recorded material
- Person who plays a musical instrument
- Person who plays games on devices
- Person who plays sports
scream
US / skri:m /
•UK / skrim /
- noun
- A sudden loud, high-pitched noise
- verb
- To make a sudden loud, high sound
through
US / θru: /
•UK / θru /
- adjecitve
- having finished using or doing something
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over, in, across an entire thing or place
- Allowing you to pass between, or to
- By a particular way or process; by the use of
undergo
US / ˌʌndəˈgəʊ /
•UK / ˌʌndərˈgoʊ /
- verb
- To experience or endure something (bad)
promise
US / 'prɒmɪs /
•UK / ˈprɑmɪs /
- verb
- To say you will certainly do something
those
US / ðəʊz /
•UK / ðoz /
- determiner
- The people or things we are talking about
- pronoun
- The objects far from the speaker
though
US / ðəu /
•UK / ðo /
- adverb
- Although, despite the fact that
unpleasant
US / ʌnˈpleznt /
•UK / ʌnˈplɛzənt /
- adjecitve
- Causing a bad feeling in people
- Being unfriendly; not nice
administer
US / əd'mɪnɪstə(r) /
•UK / ædˈmɪnɪstɚ /
- verb
- To give e.g. medicine to a patient
- To manage or have responsibility for something
- To ensure something is performed correctly, fairly
any
US / 'enɪ /
•UK / ˈɛni /
- adjecitve
- One, or some, no matter which
- pronoun
- One (thing) of many; some
come
US / kʌm /
•UK / kʌm /
- verb
- To arrive at a place
- (Of mail) to be delivered
- To move toward someone; go with someone
- To reach a certain point or state
decide
US / dɪ'saɪd /
•UK / dɪˈsaɪd /
- verb
- To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
- To make a legal judgment in court
- to affect the result of something
experiment
US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /
•UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /
- noun
- Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
- verb
- To create and perform tests to research something
- To try something new that you haven't tried before
observe
US / əbˈzɜ:v /
•UK / əbˈzɜ:rv /
- verb
- To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
- To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
- To watch carefully; to make a comment
risky
US / ˈrɪski /
•UK / ˈrɪski /
- adjecitve
- With the chance it may be dangerous, unsuccessful
racist
US / 'reɪsɪst /
•UK / 'reɪsɪst /
- adjecitve
- Believing that people of other races are inferior
- noun
- Person who judges others negatively based on race
think
US / θɪŋk /
•UK / θɪŋk /
- verb
- To have an idea about something without certainty
- To have an idea, opinion or belief about something
and
US / ənd /
•UK / ənd, ən,ænd /
- conjunction
- Used to refer to two or more things
- Plus; in addition; on top of that
- Used to introduce an action that follows another
increasingly
US / ɪnˈkri:sɪŋli /
•UK / ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli /
- adverb
- More and more; in greater degree or amount
pain
US / peɪn /
•UK / pen /
- noun
- Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
- Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
- verb
- To cause someone to feel upset or worry
relief
US / rɪˈli:f /
•UK / rɪˈlif /
- noun
- Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
- Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
- People who replace other workers and their duties
- Release from worry, stress or tension
sexist
US / ˈseksɪst /
•UK / ˈseksɪst /
- adjecitve
- Discriminatory behavior towards the opposite sex
- noun
- Person believing one sex is better than the other
complex
US / 'kɒmpleks /
•UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /
- adjecitve
- Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
- noun
- Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
- Psychological issue regarding self-image
garner
US / 'ɡɑ:nə(r) /
•UK / ˈɡɑrnɚ /
- verb
- To gather together important facts, awards, etc.
- To receive a prize or praise
issue
US / 'ɪʃu: /
•UK / ˈɪʃu /
- noun
- Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
- Single edition of a magazine
- verb
- To make something available to be used or sold
- To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
sometimes
US / ˈsʌmtaɪmz /
•UK / ˈsʌmˌtaɪmz /
- adverb
- Only at certain times; occasionally
surgical
US / ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl /
•UK / ˈsɜ:rdʒɪkl /
- adjecitve
- Of or relating to surgery or operations
await
US / əˈweɪt /
•UK / əˈwet /
- verb
- To keep ready for future needs
- To be ready to happen, or about to happen
call
US / kɔ:l /
•UK / kɔl /
- noun
- A order or request for action
- The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
- A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
- A short visit to a place or person
- A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
- verb
- To make a request or order for action
- (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
- To announce the date of an election
- To make a judgment about something
- To give someone or something a name
- To guess in advance the result or outcome
- To visit a place or person for a short time
- To phone someone
- To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice
far
US / fɑ:(r) /
•UK / fɑr /
- adjecitve
- A long way away
- Being a long way away
- adverb
- To a large degree or extent
liston
US / /
•UK / /
surgery
US / 'sɜ:dʒərɪ /
•UK / ˈsɚdʒəri /
- noun
- A doctor's office; health clinic
- Medical operation involving cutting into body
beyond
US / bɪ'jɒnd /
•UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /
- adverb
- On or to the farther side
- In addition to
- preposition
- Later in time than
- Out of the limits of
doctor
US / ˈdɒktə(r) /
•UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /
- noun
- Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
- Person awarded the highest university degree
- verb
- To treat someone's illness
- To change something in order to trick someone
finally
US / ˈfaɪnəli /
•UK / ˈfaɪnəli /
- adverb
- used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
- After a long time or some difficulty
monitor
US / ˈmɒnɪtə(r) /
•UK / ˈmɑ:nɪtə(r) /
- noun
- A senior student at school
- Electronic screen on which you can see images
- verb
- To observe and keep a record of something
early
US / ˈɜ:li /
•UK / ˈɜ:rli /
- adjecitve
- Happening or appearing before
- adverb
- Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
- Happening sooner than expected
extraction
US / ɪkˈstrækʃn /
•UK / ɪkˈstrækʃən /
- noun
- Process of taking something out of something else
- Country, region from which a person or family came
ingredient
US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /
•UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /
- noun
- Food item used when making a meal or drink
- Quality necessary to be something to work well
throughout
US / θru:ˈaʊt /
•UK / θruˈaʊt /
- adverb
- From the beginning of something until the end
- preposition
- Over/across an entire place/thing; in every part
asleep
US / əˈsli:p /
•UK / əˈslip /
- adjecitve
- In a state of sleep; sleeping
consciously
US / 'kɒnʃəslɪ /
•UK / ˈkɑnʃəslɪ /
- adverb
- In a manner that is aware, and on purpose
from
US / frəm /
•UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /
- preposition
- Starting at a particular place, time or level
form
US / fɔ:m /
•UK / fɔrm /
- noun
- Sports team or person's current winning record
- Document you complete when making an application
- Visible shape or style; type; kind
- verb
- To organize something such as a club or group
- To develop; to come into a shape or substance
- To make something into a particular shape
out
US / aʊt /
•UK / aʊt /
- adverb
- No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
- Away from home, business, or the usual place
- In a direction/movement away from inside or center
- noun
- Act when a batter cannot continue playing
- verb
- To tell people a secret
two
US / tu: /
•UK / tu /
- number
- 2
feel
US / fi:l /
•UK / fil /
- verb
- To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
- To sense through direct contact; touch
india
US / 'ɪndɪə /
•UK / ˈɪndɪə /
- proper noun
- A country in southern Asia that occupies the greater part of the Indian subcontinent; population 1,3
himself
US / hɪmˈself /
•UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /
- pronoun
- The same (male) person who did the action
procedure
US / prəˈsi:dʒə(r) /
•UK / prəˈsidʒɚ /
- noun
- A medical operation
- Usual or standard steps taken to do something
side
US / saɪd /
•UK / saɪd /
- adjecitve
- In addition to the central or most important thing
- Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
- noun
- Position or opinion that is opposite to another
- Right or left part of a person's body
- Feature of someone's personality
- Straight edge of an object
- One of two or more groups fighting each other
- verb
- To decide to agree with one point, not the other
simpson
US / ˈsimpsn /
•UK / ˈsɪmpsən /
- other
- Scottish obstetrician and surgeon who pioneered in the use of ether and discovered the anesthetic ef
totally
US / ˈtəʊtəli /
•UK / ˈtotl:ɪ /
- adverb
- In a complete way; completely; absolutely
successfully
US / sək'sesfəlɪ /
•UK / səkˈsɛsfəlɪ /
- adverb
- In a manner that achieves a goal
new
US / nju: /
•UK / nu, nju /
- adjecitve
- Not old, recently born, built or made
- Being or doing something for the first time
- Not felt, seen or known previously
- Having been recently bought or obtained
quick
US / kwɪk /
•UK / kwɪk /
- adjecitve
- Using very little time; moving far in little time
- Learning and understanding rapidly and easily
try
US / traɪ /
•UK / traɪ /
- noun
- Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
- verb
- To make an effort, to attempt to do something
- To examine someone or something in a court of law
- To test to see if it is good or you like it
- To make a person go through hardship; test
- To examine something to see if it works
after
US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /
•UK / ˈæftɚ /
- adverb
- Later than another time, or behind something
- conjunction
- Following something before
- preposition
- When an event happened or time has passed
always
US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /
•UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /
- adverb
- For a very long time
- At all times; in every situation
- For ever
describe
US / dɪ'skraɪb /
•UK / dɪˈskraɪb /
- verb
- To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something
drug
US / drʌɡ /
•UK / drʌɡ /
- noun
- Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
- Chemical used as a medicine
- verb
- To give drugs to someone to make them sleep
many
US / 'menɪ /
•UK / ˈmɛni /
- determiner
- Used to refer a large number of things
cannabis
US / 'kænəbɪs /
•UK / ˈkænəbɪs /
- other
- Type of plant that is a drug when smoked
enslave
US / ɪn'sleɪv /
•UK / ɛnˈslev /
- verb
- To make someone live like a slave
use
US / ju:s /
•UK / ju:s /
- noun
- Ability to employ something
- Need to enable it to work
- Permission to do something with something
- Act of spending money
- Operation of a machine for its function
- verb
- To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
- To need to operate or work
- To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
- To treat a person badly
- To do something with, for a task or purpose
widely
US / ˈwaɪdli /
•UK / ˈwaɪdlɪ /
- adverb
- To a large degree; over a large range
- By or among a large number of people
flesh
US / fleʃ /
•UK / flɛʃ /
- noun
- Soft part of fruit, vegetable that can be eaten
- The soft tissues of your body covering the bones
- verb
- To clean the skin e.g. of scales from a fish
meticulous
US / məˈtɪkjələs /
•UK / mɪˈtɪkjələs /
- adjecitve
- Extremely careful to do things correctly
skeptical
US / 'skeptɪkəl /
•UK / 'skeptɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
someone
US / ˈsʌmwʌn /
•UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /
- pronoun
- Person who is not known or named
humphry
US / 'hju:mərəslɪ /
•UK / ˈhjumərəslɪ /
medical
US / ˈmedɪkl /
•UK / ˈmɛdɪkəl /
- adjecitve
- Of or relating to physical health or medicine
- noun
- A health check or test
meantime
US / ˈmi:ntaɪm /
•UK / ˈminˌtaɪm /
- noun
- For the present; for a while
should
US / ʃʊd /
•UK / ʃʊd /
- other
- Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable
medicinal
US / məˈdɪsɪnl /
•UK / mɪˈdɪsənəl /
- adjecitve
- Relating to the treatment of sickness or pain
safe
US / seɪf /
•UK / sef /
- noun
- Metal box with a lock to keep valuable things in
- adjecitve
- Highly likely
- Being out of danger
probably
US / ˈprɒbəbli /
•UK / ˈprɑbəbli /
- adverb
- That is likely to happen or be true
toxic
US / ˈtɒksɪk /
•UK / ˈtɑksɪk /
- adjecitve
- Poisonous; harmful
- (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
while
US / waɪl /
•UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /
- conjunction
- In spite of the fact that; although
- During the time that; at the same time
- noun
- Short amount of time
james
US / dʒeimz /
•UK / dʒemz /
- proper noun
- The name of seven Stuart kings of Scotland.
- The name of two kings of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
lethal
US / 'li:θl /
•UK / ˈliθəl /
- adjecitve
- Causing or able to cause death
lead
US / li:d /
•UK / lid /
- adjecitve
- Being the main part in movies or plays
- noun
- Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- Information that could help to solve a crime
- Main part in a play or movie
- Heavy, gray metal element
- Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
- Act of being at the front in a race or game
- verb
- To show the way or guide others
- To be at the front of a race or game
- To travel in front of; go in advance of others
might
US / maɪt /
•UK / maɪt /
- other
- Used to politely request an action
- Used to express that something could happen
- Power, strength, force or influence
renowned
US / rɪˈnaʊnd /
•UK / rɪˈnaʊnd /
- adjecitve
- Widely known and esteemed
the
US / ðə /
•UK / ðə /
- article
- Used to refer to something already mentioned
- Used to show there is only one of something
- determiner
- Used to describe all of a family
alternative
US / ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv /
•UK / ɔlˈtɚnətɪv, æl- /
- adjecitve
- A different choice
- noun
- Something different you can choose
attempt
US / ə'tempt /
•UK / əˈtɛmpt /
- noun
- Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
- verb
- To try to do something challenging or difficult
colleague
US / 'kɒli:ɡ /
•UK / ˈkɑlˌiɡ /
- noun
- Person you work or cooperate with
chemist
US / ˈkemɪst /
•UK / ˈkɛmɪst /
- noun
- Person who sells medicines; drug store
- Person who studies or does research in chemistry
woman
US / ˈwʊmən /
•UK / ˈwʊmən /
- noun
- Adult female human being
you
US / jʊ /
•UK / ju /
- pronoun
- Person someone is speaking or writing to
- Person or people in general
oxide
US / ˈɒksaɪd /
•UK / ˈɑ:ksaɪd /
- noun
- Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
this
US / ðɪs /
•UK / ðɪs /
- adjecitve
- Used to indicate something already been discussed
- Used to indicate something happening around now
- adverb
- An indication by a physical motion or gesture
- A specific amount of
- determiner
- Person, thing, or idea near you
- pronoun
- Person, thing that has already been discussed
apparently
US / əˈpærəntli /
•UK / əˈpærəntlɪ /
- adverb
- According to what you heard; from what can be seen
state
US / steɪt /
•UK / stet /
- adjecitve
- Concerning region within a country
- noun
- Region within a country, with its own government
- Situation or condition something is in
- verb
- To say; declare as fact
advance
US / əd'vɑ:ns /
•UK / ædˈvæns /
- noun
- Forward movement by an army
- An attempt to seduce someone
- verb
- (Of an army) to move forward
- To change or improve
- To increase in price or value
- To move forward in a certain direction
- To try to seduce someone
bad
US / bæd /
•UK / bæd /
- adjecitve
- Not good; wrong
- Lacking in good morals; evil
- No longer fresh; spoiled
three
US / θri: /
•UK / θri /
- number
- Number 3
interfere
US / ˌɪntə'fɪə(r) /
•UK / ˌɪntɚˈfɪr /
- verb
- To get involved in something not your business
one
US / wʌn /
•UK / wʌn /
- pronoun
- You; we; people in general; someone
- The thing or person previously referred to
- adjecitve
- Used to refer to people generally
- Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
- number
- Number 1
sponge
US / spʌndʒ /
•UK / spʌndʒ /
- noun
- Soft cleaning material able to absorb water
- Sea animal whose bodies are used for bath sponges
- verb
- To wash the surface of something with a sponge
encounter
US / ɪn'kaʊntə(r) /
•UK / ɛnˈkaʊntɚ /
- noun
- A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
- verb
- To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
- To meet someone or something unexpectedly
follow
US / ˈfɔləu /
•UK / ˈfɑlo /
- verb
- To come after someone; be guided by someone
- To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
- To be the logical result of something
- To happen after something else happens
- To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
- To understand something happening or being said
patient
US / 'peɪʃnt /
•UK / ˈpeʃənt /
- adjecitve
- Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
- noun
- Person who receives medical treatment or care
breast
US / brest /
•UK / brɛst /
- noun
- Fleshy part of a woman's body for feeding babies
- (Poetic) upper front part of the body; the heart
body
US / ˈbɒd.i /
•UK / ˈbɑdi /
- noun
- An object distinct from other objects
- A group of people involved in an activity together
- Main part of something
- A person's physical self
davy
US / ˈdeɪvi /
•UK / ˈdeɪvi /
make
US / meɪk /
•UK / mek /
- noun
- Product made by a particular company; brand
- verb
- To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- To get to (a place) on time
- To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
- To create something by putting things together
- To earn a certain amount of money at a job
- To cause or force a person to do something
- To cause something to happen or be formed
refine
US / rɪ'faɪn /
•UK / rɪˈfaɪn /
- verb
- To change slightly in order to improve it
- To narrow down your search to a smaller number
- To make a liquid cleaner by removing something
all
US / ɔ:l /
•UK / ɔl /
- adverb
- Completely; totally
- determiner
- Being every one of something
- pronoun
- 100% of something; the complete amount
ether
US / ˈi:θə(r) /
•UK / ˈiθɚ /
- noun
- Formerly, liquid inducing sleep before dental work
its
US / ɪts /
•UK / ɪts /
- adjecitve
- Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
- determiner
- Of something; belonging or related to something
- other
- Possessive form of “it”
produce
US / prə'dju:s /
•UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /
- noun
- Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- verb
- To grow something naturally
- To make something appear
- To manufacture something using machines
- To control the making a movie or television show
remove
US / rɪˈmu:v /
•UK / rɪˈmuv /
- verb
- To get rid of something completely
- To make someone leave his or her job or position
- To move, erase or take away from a place
- To take something off (e.g. clothing)
russia
US / 'rʌʃə /
•UK / 'rʌʃə /
- proper noun
- A country in northern Asia and eastern Europe; population 143,500,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Mos
who
US / hu: /
•UK / hu /
- pronoun
- Which person
- Used to introduce information about people
their
US / ðɛː /
•UK / ðer /
- determiner
- Belonging to them
useful
US / ˈju:sfl /
•UK / ˈjusfəl /
- adjecitve
- That can help with a particular task
divine
US / dɪ'vaɪn /
•UK / dɪˈvaɪn /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or coming from God or a god
- Being very good or wonderful
- verb
- To predict through feeling and without reason
gain
US / ɡeɪn /
•UK / ɡen /
- noun
- An increase in something, such as weight
- verb
- To increase in something, such as weight
- To get something wanted, needed or valued
harmful
US / ˈhɑ:mfl /
•UK / ˈhɑ:rmfl /
- adjecitve
- Likely to cause damage or injury
option
US / 'ɒpʃn /
•UK / ˈɑpʃən /
- noun
- A choice
- Right to buy or sell at a certain price and time
acute
US / əˈkju:t /
•UK / əˈkjut /
- adjecitve
- (Of an angle in math) of less than 90 degrees
- Strong; very serious or severe
amputation
US / ˌæmpjʊ'teɪʃn /
•UK / ˌæmpjəˈteʃən /
- noun
- Cutting off of one or more limbs (by a doctor)
main
US / meɪn /
•UK / men /
- adjecitve
- Most important; most often used
speed
US / spi:d /
•UK / spid /
- noun
- How fast or slow something is or is done
- verb
- To move quickly when completing an action
- To drive a vehicle faster than laws allow
attention
US / əˈtenʃn /
•UK / əˈtɛnʃən /
- noun
- Taking notice of someone or something
- (Soldiers) Standing with straight backs
endure
US / ɪn'djʊə(r) /
•UK / ɛnˈdʊr, -ˈdjʊr /
- verb
- To last for a long time; continue to exist
- To accept difficulties without struggle
look
US / lʊk /
•UK / lʊk /
- noun
- Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
- Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
- The way someone, something appears to be
- Act of searching for or examining something
- verb
- To appear to be; seem
modify
US / ˈmɒdɪfaɪ /
•UK / ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪ /
- verb
- To make minor change to something
thank
US / θæŋk /
•UK / θæŋk /
- verb
- To tell someone you are grateful to them
alcohol
US / 'ælkəhɒl /
•UK / ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl /
- noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
hold
US / həʊld /
•UK / hold /
- noun
- Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
- Influence or power held over someone
- Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
- verb
- To agree to keep something for someone
- To have the capacity to support/contain something
- To control an area and protect it from attack
- To not allow someone to leave a place
- To cause an event to happen at a place or time
- To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
- To have a specific quality or property
- To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
- To have or own something
- To wait before being able to talk on the phone
- To limit the movement of someone in a sport
reportedly
US / rɪˈpɔ:tɪdli /
•UK / rɪˈpɔ:rtɪdli /
- adverb
- According to information heard from some sources
scottish
US / ˈskɒtɪʃ /
•UK / ˈskɑ:tɪʃ /
- adjecitve
- Concerning the culture and people of Scotland
they
US / ðeɪ /
•UK / ðe /
- pronoun
- Two or more people, animals, or things
nitrous
US / 'naɪtrəs /
•UK / ˈnaɪtrəs /
- adjecitve
- Concerning or containing nitrogen
take
US / teɪk /
•UK / tek /
- noun
- Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
- verb
- To accept something that is offered
- To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
- To use a camera to make (a photo)
- To pick up something and go away with it
- To study a subject in school
- To attempt to pass (an exam)
- To require a certain amount of time, money, space