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Is Vaping Worse Than Smoking?

Video vocabulary

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

make

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US / meɪk /

UK / mek /

A1
  • noun
  • Product made by a particular company; brand
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
  • To get to (a place) on time
  • To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
  • To create something by putting things together
  • To earn a certain amount of money at a job
  • To cause or force a person to do something
  • To cause something to happen or be formed

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

put

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US / pʊt /

UK / pʊt /

A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
  • To rate something in importance or value
  • To write or say something in a certain manner

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

year

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US / jə: /

UK / jɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
  • Used to refer to the age of a person

feel

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US / fi:l /

UK / fil /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

last

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US / lɑ:st /

UK / læst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most recent; the latest
  • The one before
  • adverb
  • Final; with nothing following; after all others
  • Most recent; the latest
  • determiner
  • The one at the end
  • verb
  • To remain or continue for a certain period of time

video

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US / 'vɪdɪəʊ /

UK / ˈvɪdiˌo /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of a moving film, with sound
  • noun
  • Recording capturing action with sound
  • verb
  • To make a moving film of, with sound

thank

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US / θæŋk /

UK / θæŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To tell someone you are grateful to them

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

another

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US / əˈnʌðə(r) /

UK / əˈnʌðɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One more, but not this
  • determiner
  • One more added
  • pronoun
  • One more (thing)

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

never

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US / 'nevə(r) /

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not ever; not at any time

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

man

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US / mæn /

UK / mæn /

A1
  • noun
  • Humans in general, including male and female
  • An adult male human being
  • Male who acts in a masculine way; not like a woman
  • verb
  • To control or operate (a machine); be in charge of
  • To operate a machine (a boat, etc.)

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

world

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US / wɜ:ld /

UK / wɜrld /

A1
  • noun
  • All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • Political division due to some kind of similarity

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

yes

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US / jes /

UK / jɛs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Way to say you agree or will do something

whole

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US / həul /

UK / hol /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Complete or full; all of
  • Being in a good condition
  • noun
  • Complete amount or sum; total

change

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US / tʃeɪndʒ /

UK / tʃendʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • Exchange of one set of clothes for another
  • Money in the form of coins instead of paper
  • Money returned after giving too much
  • Act of making or becoming something else
  • verb
  • To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • To exchange one kind of money for another
  • To replace something with another thing
  • To make or become something else
  • To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

hit

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US / hɪt /

UK / hɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • A planned killing, usually for money
  • Song, movie etc. that is successful
  • When someone strikes someone or something
  • Time when a player makes contact with the ball
  • Time when a website is accessed
  • verb
  • To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • To press something, such as a button or switch
  • To suddenly realize the importance of something
  • To move your hand, a bat, etc. against with force
  • To fight, attack or damage something or someone
  • To arrive at a specific place, level, or goal
  • To make contact with the ball in a game or sport

hope

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US / həʊp /

UK / hop /

A1
  • noun
  • When you wish something will happen; what you wish
  • verb
  • To expect and want something to happen

head

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US / hed /

UK / hɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Counter for the number of cattle
  • Natural mental ability or intelligence
  • Leader or person with the greatest authority
  • Mind; mental ability; mental state
  • Side of a coin with a head on it
  • Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
  • Starting point of something, e.g. a river
  • verb
  • To hit a ball with your head in a game
  • To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
  • To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
  • To become the leader of something
  • To lead or be responsible for something

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

four

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US / fɔ:(r) /

UK / fɔr, for /

A1
  • number
  • 4

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

five

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US / faɪv /

UK / faɪv /

A1
  • number
  • 5

may

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US / meɪ /

UK / me /

A1
  • noun
  • 5th month of the year
  • other
  • Used to express a desire
  • Expresses permission, possibility or probability
  • Used to show that a thing could be true

lose

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US / lu:z /

UK / luz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be unable to keep in check or control something
  • To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
  • To stop having certain qualities or abilities
  • To stop having or being entitled to
  • To fail to win something that is being contested
  • To be unable to find something you once had
  • To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

someone

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US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person who is not known or named

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

each

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US / i:tʃ /

UK / itʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Every one of two or more things
  • pronoun
  • Per one person or thing

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

kid

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US / kɪd /

UK / kɪd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made from young goat skin
  • noun
  • Child or young person
  • Young goat
  • verb
  • To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

obviously

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US / ˈɒbviəsli /

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

under

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US / ˈʌndə(r) /

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In the same place as another thing, but lower
  • adverb
  • In a lower quantity or price than expected
  • preposition
  • According to the terms of an agreement or law
  • Managed or controlled by the authority of
  • Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
  • Influenced or affected by something or someone
  • Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

hour

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • noun
  • 60 minutes
  • Particular time of the day
  • Fixed, regularly occurring time

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

literally

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US / ˈlɪtərəli /

UK / ˈlɪtərəli /

B1
  • adverb
  • So as to express the exact meaning of something
  • Used to say something is true, even if unlikely

fast

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US / fɑ:st /

UK / fæst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a way that is difficult to move or change
  • Moving or able to move quickly
  • Showing time that is later than the actual time
  • adverb
  • With a great deal of speed
  • noun
  • Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
  • verb
  • To refuse food for a long time

lead

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US / li:d /

UK / lid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the main part in movies or plays
  • noun
  • Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • Information that could help to solve a crime
  • Main part in a play or movie
  • Heavy, gray metal element
  • Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
  • Act of being at the front in a race or game
  • verb
  • To show the way or guide others
  • To be at the front of a race or game
  • To travel in front of; go in advance of others

kill

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US / kɪl /

UK / kɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal killed by a person or other animal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to experience a lot of pain
  • To end the life of a person or other living thing
  • To be very funny
  • To prevent something from continuing or operating
  • To do something unimportant to pass time quickly

especially

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US / ɪˈspeʃəli /

UK / ɛˈspɛʃəli, ɪˈspɛʃ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • More than usual; extremely

amazing

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US / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

UK / ə'meɪzɪŋ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising in a pleasing way
  • verb
  • To cause wonder; to surprise completely

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

interesting

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US / ˈɪntrəstɪŋ /

UK / ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ, -tərɪstɪŋ, -təˌrɛstɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

die

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US / daɪ /

UK / daɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Cube with dots numbering 1-6 on it used in games
  • verb
  • To cease to function or work
  • (Of a thing) to stop being used or done
  • (Of a person) to stop living

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

feeling

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US / ˈfi:lɪŋ /

UK / ˈfilɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Sensation or emotion you experience
  • verb
  • To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
  • To sense through direct contact; touch

body

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US / ˈbɒd.i /

UK / ˈbɑdi /

A1
  • noun
  • An object distinct from other objects
  • A group of people involved in an activity together
  • Main part of something
  • A person's physical self

car

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US / kɑ:(r) /

UK / kɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

million

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US / ˈmɪljən /

UK / ˈmɪljən /

A1
  • number
  • 1,000,000

young

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US / jʌŋ /

UK / jʌŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • At an early stage of existence; not mature
  • Being recently created or started
  • noun
  • Babies in a group or family of animals

news

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US / nju:z /

UK / nu:z /

A1
  • noun
  • Broadcast on radio or TV about recent events
  • Information about recent events

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

school

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US / sku:l /

UK / skul /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being to do with schools and education
  • noun
  • Large group of fish that swim together
  • Education of a child
  • Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
  • A particular belief or idea about something
  • verb
  • To teach or train someone to know or do something

food

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US / fu:d /

UK / fud /

A1
  • noun
  • What people and animals eat to live
  • Things taken in by plants to maintain life
  • A particular style or type of cooking, e.g. Asian

consider

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US / kən'sɪdə(r) /

UK / kənˈsɪdər /

A1
  • verb
  • To think carefully about something

click

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US / klɪk /

UK / klɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
  • A short, slight, and sharp sound
  • verb
  • To work well with someone or something
  • To press a computer mouse
  • To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

quickly

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US / ˈkwɪkli /

UK / ˈkwɪklɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Without taking a lot of time; fast

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

eight

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US / eɪt /

UK / et /

A1
  • number
  • 8

series

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US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

human

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US / 'hju:mən /

UK / ˈhjumən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or characteristic of people
  • noun
  • A person; a man, woman or child

anymore

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US / 'enɪmɔ: /

UK / ˌɛniˈmɔr, -ˈmor /

A2
  • adverb
  • No longer; no more

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

process

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US / prə'ses /

UK / ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Dealing with official forms in the way required
  • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

agree

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US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

bro

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US / brəʊ /

UK / broʊ /

B2
  • noun
  • Shortened form of 'brother'

double

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US / 'dʌbl /

UK / ˈdʌbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or intended for use by two people
  • Two times the amount or degree; twice
  • Made of two parts that are the same, similar
  • noun
  • Person that is exactly like someone else
  • verb
  • To be used for two functions at the same time
  • To make or become twice as much

death

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US / deθ /

UK / dɛθ /

A2
  • noun
  • When someone dies; the end of life

information

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US / ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /

UK / ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Collection of facts and details about something

age

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US / eɪdʒ /

UK / edʒ /

A1
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older
  • noun
  • Period of time in history
  • Number of years a person or thing has lived

involve

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US / ɪn'vɒlv /

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

A2
  • verb
  • To have or be included as a part of something

cause

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US / kɔ:z /

UK / kɔz /

A2
  • noun
  • Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • Reason for
  • verb
  • To make something happen; create effect or result

report

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US / rɪ'pɔ:t /

UK / rɪˈpɔrt, ˈport /

A1
  • noun
  • Account of the necessary facts and information
  • The telling of news in the media
  • Official statement about something
  • verb
  • To submit a report or bill to the government
  • To write in a newspaper or speak on a news program
  • To state something officially
  • To officially present yourself to an authority
  • To describe something by telling it to others

appear

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US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

compare

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US / kəm'peə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpɛr /

A1
  • verb
  • To consider how similar and different things are

general

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US / 'dʒenrəl /

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Widespread, normal or usual
  • noun
  • Top ranked officer in the army

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

nearly

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US / ˈniəli /

UK / ˈnɪrli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Not completely; almost

yep

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US / jep /

UK / jɛp /

B2
  • noun
  • Another way of saying 'yes'

develop

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US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

currently

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US / ˈkʌrəntli /

UK / ˈkʌrənt(ə)li /

A2
  • adverb
  • Happening or being in the present time

scared

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US / skeəd /

UK / skerd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Frightened, afraid
  • verb
  • To become frightened
  • To make someone feel frightened or worried

study

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US / 'stʌdɪ /

UK / ˈstʌdi /

A1
  • noun
  • Room that a person studies or reads in
  • Piece of research
  • Topic or subject you research or learn about
  • verb
  • To focus on learning something usually at school

range

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US / reɪndʒ /

UK / rendʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • Cooking stove with multiple burners
  • Given distance from a point; how far plane can fly
  • Large grassy area where cattle wander and feed
  • Group or chain of mountains
  • Set of things with something in common
  • Limits within which something extends or varies
  • A set of products, e.g. so that people can choose
  • verb
  • To cover an area from one point to another
  • To extend to or vary within given limits
  • To put things in a row or in line
  • To wander or explore

mouth

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US / maʊθ /

UK / maʊθ /

A1
  • noun
  • Hole in the face used for eating and talking
  • Opening of a container such as a bottle
  • Area where a river enters a large body of water
  • verb
  • To say words without speaking

taste

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US / teɪst /

UK / test /

A2
  • noun
  • (Good) sense of style in clothes, art, or manners
  • Flavor in your mouth from food or drink
  • A liking for something; preference
  • Brief experience of something
  • verb
  • To experience something
  • To experience the flavor of food, drink
  • To briefly experience to see if you like something

insane

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US / ɪnˈseɪn /

UK / ɪnˈsen /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Mentally ill; crazy
  • Being mentally disturbed
  • Being crazy or stupid

enter

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US / 'entə(r) /

UK / ˈɛntɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To start a career or an education
  • To become a competitor in a contest
  • To add or type information in a computer
  • To go into a room, building etc.

risk

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US / rɪsk /

UK / rɪsk /

A1
  • noun
  • Actions that cause potential problems
  • verb
  • To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

market

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US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Need or demand for a particular product or service
  • Area or region where a certain product is sold
  • Public event where people sell goods on tables
  • Institution where stocks are bought and sold
  • verb
  • To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

among

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US / əˈmʌŋ /

UK / əˈmʌŋ /

A1
  • preposition
  • In the center of several things

wild

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US / waɪld /

UK / waɪld /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Living in nature; not tame
  • (Of land) not developed by people
  • adverb
  • In a manner which lacks control
  • noun
  • A natural environment e.g. jungle, forest

affect

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US / ə'fekt /

UK / əˈfɛkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

recent

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US / 'ri:snt /

UK / ˈrisənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or beginning not long ago

ice

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US / aɪs /

UK / aɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
  • Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
  • verb
  • To make something cold by putting on frozen water
  • To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

blood

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US / blʌd /

UK / blʌd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Related by birth; family
  • noun
  • Red liquid in the bodies of people and animals
  • verb
  • To be initiated into something, e.g. a secret club

twice

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US / twaɪs /

UK / twaɪs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Two times

directly

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US / dəˈrektli /

UK / dɪˈrɛktli, daɪ- /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a frank and honest way
  • Right away; immediately

reaction

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US / rɪ'ækʃn /

UK / riˈækʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • Feeling or action in response to something

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

mostly

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US / ˈməʊstli /

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

A2
  • adverb
  • In large part; mainly or chiefly

lack

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US / læk /

UK / læk /

A2
  • noun
  • The state of not having or not having enough of
  • A shortage of something
  • verb
  • To not have, or not have enough, of something

student

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US / ˈstju:dnt /

UK / ˈstudnt, ˈstjud- /

A1
  • noun
  • Person studying at school

worried

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US / ˈwʌrid /

UK / ˈwɜ:rid /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Feeling troubled or concerned
  • verb
  • To cause concern or trouble over something
  • To feel concerned or troubled about something

rid

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US / rɪd /

UK / rɪd /

A2
  • verb
  • To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)

doctor

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US / ˈdɒktə(r) /

UK / ˈdɑːktɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Person paid to help people become or stay healthy
  • Person awarded the highest university degree
  • verb
  • To treat someone's illness
  • To change something in order to trick someone

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

science

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US / 'saɪəns /

UK / ˈsaɪəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Study of the physical world, based on facts

rip

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US / rɪp /

UK / rɪp /

B1
  • noun
  • A long tear in something, e.g. a piece of cloth
  • verb
  • To tear or split roughly or cause to tear or split
  • To become torn, opened, or split apart forcefully
  • To remove or take by pulling it forcefully

aware

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US / əˈwɛə /

UK / əˈwɛr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Knowing or feeling that something exists

theory

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US / ˈθiəri /

UK / ˈθiəri, ˈθɪri /

A2
  • noun
  • Ideas or principles that explain facts or events

flow

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US / fləʊ /

UK / flo /

A2
  • noun
  • Amount of something that moves through an area
  • verb
  • To move steadily and easily in a certain direction

concept

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US / 'kɒnsept /

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

A2
  • noun
  • Abstract idea of something or how it works

contain

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US / kənˈteɪn /

UK / kənˈten /

A2
  • verb
  • To keep something from spreading
  • To hold something inside something else

chest

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US / tʃest /

UK / tʃɛst /

A2
  • noun
  • Strong, lidded container for storing things
  • Front of the body between neck and stomach

injury

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US / 'ɪndʒərɪ /

UK / ˈɪndʒəri /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical or emotional harm or damage

flavour

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US / ˈfleɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈflevɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Taste of something, especially in food or drink
  • verb
  • To add extra taste to a food

active

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US / ˈæktɪv /

UK / ˈæktɪv /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Moving around a lot or doing many things

intense

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US / ɪn'tens /

UK / ɪnˈtɛns /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very strong, great or extreme in degree

relax

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US / rɪˈlæks /

UK / rɪˈlæks /

A1
  • verb
  • To calm or quiet yourself, or stop worrying
  • To release the tightness in muscles
  • To make a rule or law less strict

scientist

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US / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

UK / ˈsaɪəntɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who is trained in a science

expand

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US / ɪk'spænd /

UK / ɪkˈspænd /

A2
  • verb
  • To make something larger in size, number, amount

smoke

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US / sməʊk /

UK / smoʊk /

B1
  • noun
  • Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
  • Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
  • verb
  • To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
  • To add a taste to food by putting it near a fire
  • To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

regardless

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US / rɪˈgɑ:dləs /

UK / rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs /

A2
  • adverb
  • Without being affected or concerned by something

complex

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US / 'kɒmpleks /

UK / kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
  • noun
  • Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
  • Psychological issue regarding self-image

drug

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US / drʌɡ /

UK / drʌɡ /

A2
  • noun
  • Illegal substance taken for effect on the mind
  • Chemical used as a medicine
  • verb
  • To give drugs to someone to make them sleep

muscle

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US / 'mʌsl /

UK / ˈmʌsəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Physical power
  • Body tissue that moves parts of the body
  • verb
  • To use or muscles of force to get what you want

expose

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US / ɪk'spəʊz /

UK / ɪkˈspoʊz /

A2
  • noun
  • News article revealing secret information
  • verb
  • To make visible, without covering or protection
  • To allow light through a cameras lens onto film
  • To be talked about in the media
  • To make a secret known to the public
  • To experience something, often a harmful thing

quit

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US / kwɪt /

UK / kwɪt /

B1
  • other
  • To leave a school etc. without finishing
  • verb
  • To leave a job
  • To leave a place
  • To leave a school etc. without finishing
  • To end an action or activity

mixed

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US / mɪkst /

UK / mɪkst /

A2
  • verb
  • To combine two or more things to make one
  • To meet and get along with others, e.g. at a party

trend

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US / trend /

UK / trɛnd /

A2
  • noun
  • Current style or fashion
  • Direction things are moving in; current style
  • General direction that is taken
  • verb
  • To be current and popular
  • To move up or down

whereas

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US / ˌweərˈæz /

UK / hwɛrˈæz, wɛr- /

A2
  • conjunction
  • Taking into consideration the fact that

patient

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US / 'peɪʃnt /

UK / ˈpeʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not getting annoyed when things take a long time
  • noun
  • Person who receives medical treatment or care

unbelievable

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US / ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl /

UK / ˌʌnbɪˈlivəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being very hard to believe; very great

ugly

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US / ˈʌgli /

UK / ˈʌɡli /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (E.g. of a situation) bad; likely to turn nasty
  • Unpleasant to look at; not attractive

disease

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US / dɪˈzi:z /

UK / dɪˈziz /

A2
  • noun
  • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant

podcast

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US / 'pɒdkɑ:st /

UK / 'pɑ:dkæst /

A2
  • noun
  • A digital recording (e.g. radio show) for download

china

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US / ˈtʃaɪnə /

UK / ˈtʃaɪnə /

A1
  • noun
  • A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the wo
  • other
  • High quality porcelain originally made only in China

europe

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US / ˈjʊərəp /

UK / ˈjʊrəp /

A1
  • noun
  • A continent including Germany, France and Spain
  • other
  • The second smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use 'Europe' to re

ingredient

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US / ɪnˈgri:diənt /

UK / ɪnˈɡridiənt /

B1
  • noun
  • Food item used when making a meal or drink
  • Quality necessary to be something to work well

mood

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US / mu:d /

UK / mud /

A1
  • noun
  • Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel

dick

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US / dɪk /

UK / dɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone who is a detective

consume

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US / kən'sju:m /

UK / kənˈsum /

A2
  • verb
  • To eat, drink, buy or use up something
  • To take all your energy; focus the attention

vulnerable

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US / ˈvʌlnərəbl /

UK / ˈvʌlnərəbəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being open to attack or damage
  • Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded

shocked

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US / ʃɒkt /

UK / ʃɑːkt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very upset by some unexpected event
  • verb
  • To affect someone with an electrical current
  • To cause great surprise, horror, or anger

mouse

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US / maʊs /

UK / maʊs /

A2
  • noun
  • Small animal that has fur and a long tail
  • Computer device to control movement on a screen
  • Quiet, shy person

february

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US / ˈfebruəri /

UK / ˈfebrueri /

A1
  • noun
  • 2nd month of the year

researcher

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US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃə(r) /

UK / rɪˈsətʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Someone who works to find new facts and ideas

chemical

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US / ˈkemɪkl /

UK / ˈkɛmɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Made of various elements
  • noun
  • Basic substance produced by mixing elements

severe

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US / sɪ'vɪə(r) /

UK / səˈvɪr /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very bad; harsh
  • Being very serious or extremely bad
  • (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated

banana

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US / bə'nɑ:nə /

UK / bəˈnænə /

A2
  • noun
  • Long curved yellow fruit with a white center

pride

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US / praɪd /

UK / praɪd /

A2
  • noun
  • Sense of your own importance and worth
  • verb
  • To be proud of something you did

cancer

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US / 'kænsə(r) /

UK / ˈkænsɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division

mysterious

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US / mɪˈstɪəriəs /

UK / mɪˈstɪriəs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual; hard to understand or work out

worldwide

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US / ˈwɜ:ldwaɪd /

UK / ˈwɚldˈwaɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Spanning or extending throughout the entire world
  • adverb

aka

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US / ˌeɪkeɪ'eɪ /

UK / ˌeɪkeɪ'eɪ /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • AKA is an acronym for Also Known as

symptom

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US / 'sɪmptəm /

UK / ˈsɪmtəm, ˈsɪmp- /

B1
  • noun
  • Sign that suggests that there is a problem

barrier

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US / 'bærɪə(r) /

UK / ˈbæriɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Difficult situation preventing something happening
  • Structure or object that stops free movement

mentally

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US / ˈmentəli /

UK / ˈmɛntl:ɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • With or in the mind and thoughts

taylor

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US / ˈteilə /

UK / ˈtelɚ /

A1
  • proper noun
  • A city in southeastern Michigan, southwest of Detroit; population 60,619 (est. 2008).

motivation

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US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Reason behind why someone did something

elevate

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US / ˈelɪveɪt /

UK / ˈɛləˌvet /

B2
  • verb
  • To make something higher
  • To raise something in status, importance, feeling

alter

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US / ˈɔ:ltə(r) /

UK / ˈɔltɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To change so (clothing) fits better

smoking

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US / 'sməʊkɪŋ /

UK / ˈsmokɪŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • The act of enjoying cigarettes, pipes, cigars, etc.
  • The act of breathing smoke from cigarettes
  • verb
  • To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
  • To add a taste to food by exposing it to a smoky fire
  • To breathe in through a cigarette, etc.

exhaust

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US / ɪɡ'zɔ:st /

UK / ɪɡˈzɔst /

A2
  • noun
  • System of pipes through which gases escape
  • Waste gas from an engine, e.g. from a car
  • verb
  • To emit gas from the back of a car
  • To make a person feel very tired or without energy
  • To entirely use up a resource, possibilities etc.

mechanism

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US / 'mekənɪzəm /

UK / ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • System or process for achieving a certain result

tissue

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US / ˈtɪʃu: /

UK / ˈtɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
  • Thin soft paper for blowing the nose, etc.

commonly

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US / ˈkɒmənli /

UK / ˈkɑmənlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Typically, normally; not unusually

consist

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US / kən'sɪst /

UK / kənˈsɪst /

A2
  • verb
  • To have as an essential, necessary or main part

compound

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US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of a term) created by combining two or more words
  • noun
  • Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
  • Chemical made up of several others
  • Closed walled area, as in a prison
  • Something formed by combining elements/parts
  • Term created by using two or more words together
  • verb
  • To pay interest on a loan including the interest
  • To make something from various parts or components
  • To make a mistake or problem worse

regulation

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US / ˌregjuˈleɪʃn /

UK / ˌrɛɡjəˈleʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of controlling something with rules or orders
  • other

sheer

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US / ʃɪə(r) /

UK / ʃɪr /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of luck/stupidity) very complete or absolute
  • (Of fabric) very fine or thin; see-through
  • adverb
  • Straight up and down; steeply
  • verb
  • To suddenly turn or change direction

artificial

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US / ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl /

UK / ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Dishonest, to seem fake, not sincere
  • (Something) made by people; not created by nature

organic

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US / ɔ:ˈgænɪk /

UK / ɔrˈɡænɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Developing naturally and without a set structure
  • Concerning food made with few or no chemicals
  • Concerning living things

lung

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US / lʌŋ /

UK / lʌŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • One of the two organs we use to breathe

shrink

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US / ʃrɪŋk /

UK / ʃrɪŋk /

B1
  • noun
  • A rude name for a psychiatrist
  • other
  • To make something smaller than it was before
  • verb
  • To become smaller
  • To make or become smaller than it was before

cough

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US / kɒf /

UK / kɔ:f /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of pushing out air from your body suddenly
  • verb
  • To suddenly expel air from the lungs

penis

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US / 'pi:nɪs /

UK / ˈpinɪs /

C2
  • noun
  • Male organ for copulation and urination

regulate

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US / ˈregjuleɪt /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəˌlet /

A2
  • verb
  • To control something with rules or laws
  • To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in

swift

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US / swɪft /

UK / swɪft /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Quick

carrier

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US / ˈkæriə(r) /

UK / ˈkæriɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • A company, e.g. mail, airline, that carries things
  • Someone with a disease who gives it to another
  • someone who does not suffer from a disease but has the infection or genetic fault that causes it and

aged

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US / eɪdʒd /

UK / ˈedʒɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; got older
  • noun
  • Older people in general
  • verb
  • To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • To get older

cigarette

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US / ˌsɪgəˈret /

UK / ˈsɪgəret /

B1
  • noun
  • White paper tube filled with tobacco

puff

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US / pʌf /

UK / pʌf /

B1
  • noun
  • Sweet baked food filled with cream or jam
  • Small cloud of air/smoke that can be seen or felt
  • verb
  • To breath in and out quickly
  • To produce a small cloud of smoke, steam etc.
  • To breath smoke from a pipe, etc. in and out

debris

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US / dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri: /

UK / dəˈbri, de-, ˈdeˌbri /

B2
  • noun
  • Remains of something broken or destroyed

cinnamon

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US / ˈsɪnəmən /

UK / ˈsɪnəmən /

B2
  • noun
  • Sweet spice used in cooking or desserts

celsius

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US / ˈselsiəs /

UK / ˈselsiəs /

B1
  • noun
  • Another name for 'centigrade'

chronic

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US / 'krɒnɪk /

UK / ˈkrɑnɪk /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Always or often doing something, e.g. lying
  • (Of disease) over a long time; serious

addicted

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US / ə'dɪktɪd /

UK / ə'dɪktɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being physically or psychologically dependent

consensus

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US / kənˈsensəs /

UK / kənˈsɛnsəs /

B1
  • noun
  • A decision that is shared by most of a group

rave

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US / reɪv /

UK / rev /

B2
  • noun
  • A dance party with loud music
  • verb
  • To shower praise upon; speak very highly of
  • To speak or shout loudly, angrily or as if crazy

craving

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US / ˈkreɪvɪŋ /

UK / ˈkrevɪŋ /

B2
  • verb
  • To have a very strong desire for something

coil

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US / kɔɪl /

UK / kɔɪl /

B2
  • noun
  • Wire wound into circles to carry electricity
  • Long material wound into circular rings
  • verb
  • To curl or wind around especially in neat rings
  • To make (rope, hair, etc.) into circles; wind

physician

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US / fɪˈzɪʃn /

UK / fɪˈzɪʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • A medical doctor

inhale

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US / ɪnˈheɪl /

UK / ɪnˈhel /

B2
  • verb
  • To breathe in something like air or smoke
  • To eat or drink something extremely fast

usher

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US / ˈʌʃə(r) /

UK / ˈʌʃɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • One who leads you to your seat, as in a theater
  • Man who plays a part in a marriage ceremony
  • verb
  • To serve as a leader or guide

volatile

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US / ˈvɒlətaɪl /

UK / ˈvɑ:lətl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to easily become a gas at a low temperature
  • Unstable and likely to change suddenly/extremely

capitalism

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US / ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm /

UK / ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Economic system where companies own industry

bloodstream

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US / ˈblʌdstri:m /

UK / ˈblʌdˌstrim /

C2
  • noun
  • Blood flowing through the circulatory system

ravage

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US / ˈrævɪdʒ /

UK / ˈrævɪdʒ /

A1
  • noun
  • The severely damaging or destructive effects of something.
  • transitive verb
  • Cause severe and extensive damage to.

tract

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US / trækt /

UK / trækt /

B2
  • noun
  • A large stretch of land
  • System of internal body parts, e.g. the intestines
  • Piece of writing that communicates a certain view

combustion

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US / kəmˈbʌstʃən /

UK / kəmˈbʌstʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • An act or instance of burning

relegate

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US / ˈrelɪgeɪt /

UK / ˈrɛlɪˌɡet /

C1
  • verb
  • To place in a less important place or position
  • To put a team in a lower league when they lose

hospitalize

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US / ˈhɒspɪtəlaɪz /

UK / ˈhɑ:spɪtəlaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To be put in hospital because you are sick

dopamine

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US / 'dəʊpəmi:n /

UK / 'doʊpəmi:n /

A1
  • noun
  • Drug used to treat shock and hypotension

pathogen

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US / ˈpæθədʒən /

UK / ˈpæθədʒən /

C1
  • noun
  • Any disease-producing agent

tobacco

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US / tə'bækəʊ /

UK / təˈbæko /

B1
  • noun
  • Cigars and cigarettes
  • Plant used to make cigars and cigarettes

smoker

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US / 'sməʊkə(r) /

UK / ˈsmokɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Device that exposes food to smoke as it cooks
  • Person who smokes cigarettes, etc.

zinc

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US / zɪŋk /

UK / zɪŋk /

B2
  • noun
  • Bluish white metal used in making brass

vape

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • intransitive verb
  • Inhale and exhale vapor containing nicotine and flavoring produced by a device designed for this pur
  • noun
  • A device used for inhaling vapor containing nicotine and flavoring.

mistakenly

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US / mɪ'steɪkənlɪ /

UK / mɪˈstekənlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Through making a mistake; wrongly

girth

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US / gɜ:θ /

UK / gɜ:rθ /

C1
  • noun
  • Measurement around the middle, e.g. of a horse

tasteless

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US / ˈteɪstləs /

UK / ˈtestlɪs /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Unfeeling; lacking in sensitivity
  • Lacking flavor

nicotine

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US / ˈnɪkəti:n /

UK / ˈnɪkəˌtin /

C1
  • noun
  • Addictive substance in tobacco

chronically

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US / 'krɒnɪklɪ /

UK / 'krɒnɪklɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In a habitual and long-standing manner

pulmonary

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US / ˈpʌlmənəri /

UK / ˈpʌlməneri /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the lungs/disease of the lungs

wheeze

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US / wiːz /

UK / wiːz /

C1
  • noun
  • Difficulty of breathing
  • verb
  • To breathe with difficulty

aerosol

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US / ˈeərəˌsɔ:l, -ˌsɔl /

UK / ˈɛrəˌsɔl, -ˌsɑl /

C1
  • noun
  • A container that sprays liquid under pressure

erectile

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US / ɪˈrektaɪl /

UK / ɪˈrɛktəl, -ˌtaɪl /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Able to achieve an erection

biochemical

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US / ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪkl /

UK / ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪkl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Chemical change or process in living things

acetate

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US / ˈæsɪteɪt /

UK / ˈæsɪˌtet /

A1
  • noun
  • Compound derived from acetic acid

thc

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US / ˌti:eɪtʃˈsi: /

UK / ˌtietʃˈsi /

A1
  • noun
  • A crystalline compound that is the main active ingredient of cannabis.

manganese

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US / ˈmæŋgəni:z /

UK / ˈmæŋɡəˌniz, -ˌnis /

A1
  • noun
  • Brittle gray metallic element that resembles iron

obstructive

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US / əb'strʌktɪv /

UK / əb'strʌktɪv /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Trying to block or stop something

benzene

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US / ˈbenzi:n /

UK / ˈbɛnˌzin, bɛnˈzin /

A1
  • noun
  • Highly flammable colorless liquid hydrocarbon

glycol

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US / 'glaɪkɒl /

UK / 'glaɪkoʊl /

A1
  • noun
  • Sweet but poisonous syrupy liquid used as an antifreeze and solvent; any of a class of alcohols havi

cilia

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US / 'sɪlɪə /

UK / 'sɪlɪr /

A1
  • noun
  • Plural of cilium, A microscopic hairlike process extending from the surface of a cell or unicellular

hypoxia

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US / haɪˈpɒksiə /

UK / haɪˈpɑːksiə /

A1
  • noun
  • Oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency

alveolus

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US / ælˈviːələs /

UK / ælˈviːələs /

A1
  • noun
  • Tiny sac for holding air in the lungs

epithelial

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US / ˌepɪ'θi:lɪəl /

UK / ˌepɪ'θi:lɪrl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Any animal tissue that covers a surface, or lines a cavity or the like, and that, in addition, perfo

neurochemical

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US / njʊərəʊ'kemɪkəl /

UK / njʊəroʊ'kemɪkəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Any organic substance occuring in neural activity

cinnamony

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US / 'sɪnəˌpleks /

UK / 'sɪnəˌpleks /

A1

propylene

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US / ˈprəʊpɪliːn /

UK / ˈpropəlin /

A1
  • noun
  • Flammable gas obtained by cracking petroleum; used in organic synthesis
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • Is Vaping Worse Than Smoking?Vaping has become increasingly popular among young people in both the United States and the United Kingdom. In fact, one in five high school students currently vape in the US, while 7% of children aged 11 to 17 now vape in the UK. Surprisingly, the number of young people who vape has almost doubled in the last two years, surpassing the number of young people who smoke cigarettes. However, recent reports of vape-related deaths among young individuals, combined with the concerning lack of regulation and the use of potentially harmful chemical flavorings in vapes, have raised the question of whether vaping is actually worse than smoking.One significant difference between vaping and smoking is the speed at which nicotine enters the bloodstream and affects the brain. When you vape, the coil within the device heats up to temperatures ranging from 110 to 1000 degrees Celsius. This creates thermal conditions for propylene glycol, the carrier substance used in vapes. Essentially, when you inhale from a vape, you are inhaling stage smoke, much like the smoke used in theatrical performances by artists such as Taylor Swift. Research shows that this vape smoke, combined with nicotine and chemical flavorings, enters the lungs in a way that delivers nicotine to the bloodstream and brain faster than cigarettes.A study further revealed that individuals tend to inhale from vapes more forcefully compared to smoking cigarettes. As a result, each puff from a vape contains a higher amount of nicotine compared to a puff from a cigarette. Considering that nicotine is a highly addictive drug, this means that individuals vaping are exposing themselves to a greater intensity of the drug. Some individuals even describe the effects of vaping nicotine as being similar to those of using a hardcore drug. The rapid absorption of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs allows it to quickly reach the brain by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, nicotine triggers a series of biochemical processes that increase dopamine levels and lead to various effects such as motivation, heightened awareness, improved concentration, elevated mood, and muscle relaxation.In conclusion, vaping appears to have certain characteristics that make it potentially more harmful than smoking. The faster delivery of nicotine to the brain through vaping, combined with the use of chemical flavorings and the lack of regulation surrounding vapes, raises concerns about its safety. As with any drug, understanding the risks associated with vaping is crucial, especially for young people who are the most vulnerable to its potentially harmful effects.
  • Subtitles section
  • One out of every five high school students currently vapes in the US, and in the UK, 7% of kids aged 11 to 17 now vape.
  • And that number has nearly doubled in the last two years, so currently more young people vape than smoke cigarettes.
  • But with the news of vape deaths amongst young people, the insane chemical flavoring and lack of regulation amongst new vapes, could science now say that vaping is worse than cigarettes?
  • To start, the nicotine in vapes hits your bloodstream and brain faster than cigarettes.
  • This is because vapes consist of a coil that ranges from 110 degrees Celsius to 1000 degrees Celsius, which creates thermal conditions for a carrier like propylene glycol, which is literally stage smoke.
  • Yes, when you are vaping, you're inhaling like Taylor Swift stage smoke right into your lungs.
  • Mixed with an active ingredient, most commonly nicotine and chemical flavorings, the vape smoke hits your lungs in a way that studies show ushers nicotine faster into your bloodstream and brain than cigarettes.
  • Another study found that the sheer way that people like hit vapes like so hard bro.
  • Each puff gives you more nicotine in vapes than in cigarettes.
  • And nicotine is an intense drug.
  • I always say that the hardest drug I did this year at pride was when I hit someone's vape at a rave and I was ripped.
  • This is because when you vape the nicotine enters your bloodstream through the lungs where it quickly makes its way to your head
  • and passes through the blood-brain barrier to go directly into your brain.
  • Here, the nicotine causes a series of complex biochemical processes to increase dopamine, cause feelings of motivation, awareness, concentration, elevated mood, and other neurochemical processes that will relax your muscles.
  • Nicotine's an interesting drug.
  • It makes you feel mentally aware and alert while physically relaxing you.
  • It's an amazing feeling that people get addicted to.
  • As the nicotine rush ends, cravings begin.
  • And most recent studies show that the cravings appear within four hours of your last nicotine hit.
  • In theory, this whole process is more intense with vapes than cigarettes because vapes have more nicotine in them.
  • Nicotine also alters blood flow in your body, making people with penises lose their penis girth.
  • Yep, a bit of watermelon ice can shrink your dick.
  • One study found that men who use e-cigarettes are more than twice as likely to experience erectile dysfunction compared to those who don't vape.
  • 13,000 men age 20 and older who had daily e-cigarette use were 2.2 times more likely to report having erectile dysfunction compared to men who had never vaped regardless of other risk factors.
  • Because ED is caused by nicotine and there's more nicotine in vaping than cigarettes, in theory, you will get more erectile dysfunction from vaping.
  • Now you also may have heard of the mysterious vaping deaths that as of February 2020 had 2,807 patients hospitalized with severe lung issues from vaping, some of who were under 18 years old, and 68 people ended up dying.
  • What you may not have heard is that these deaths were actually from THC vapes which are less regulated than nicotine vapes.
  • Some of the THC vapes had a chemical called vitamin E acetate in them, which when inhaled ravaged people's lungs and alveoli, leaving them with symptoms of coughing, wheezing, and chest pain.
  • Doctors were shocked and scared at first, but the general consensus was that mistakenly there was vitamin E acetate ending up in THC vapes, which was killing people.
  • It created a disease called e-cigarette, or vaping-use-associated lung injury, aka e-valley.
  • Now the hope is that there obviously isn't vitamin E acetate in THC vapes anymore, but again, evaluate the disease was never caused by nicotine vapes.
  • But that doesn't mean there isn't other wild chemicals in these vapes because of the flavoring.
  • The concept of vaping was designed to be tasteless and ugly as a mechanism to help people quit cigarettes.
  • But capitalism came a calling and to expand the vaping market, companies started adding flavorings to make people want to consume vapes more.
  • Cinnamaldehyde, the artificial flavoring that creates cinnamon flavor in food, is now added to vapes to give them a cinnamony taste.
  • But cinnamaldehyde also has been found to make the cilia in your lungs stop working, making it harder for your lungs to get rid of debris and expel pathogens, leaving you more vulnerable to lung infection.
  • 2,5-dimethylpyrazine is added to vapes to make them chocolatey and isoamyl acetate is added to create a banana taste.
  • These chemicals have been found to cause pro-inflammatory effects on the respiratory tract that lead to cancer.
  • A recent study found vape smoke contains benzene and other volatile organic compounds which lead to chronic respiratory conditions.
  • Also, the vaping coils have manganese and zinc in them which you end up inhaling.
  • and this causes airway epithelial injury and tissue hypoxia.
  • Mice chronically exposed to vape aerosols developed lung changes consistent to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aka COPD, the disease that kills 100,000 Americans a year from smoking.
  • But in the end, scientists and physicians agree that cigarettes are still worse than vapes.
  • Cigarettes involve a combustion reaction with tobacco that causes you to inhale tar and other chemicals that ravage the lungs in unbelievable ways.
  • One lung researcher compared smoking cigarettes to putting your mouth over a car exhaust pipe and inhaling.
  • Also, you may not know this, but 1.3 billion people in the world currently smoke cigarettes.
  • One in eight people is a smoker.
  • This is why cigarettes are killing millions of people a year.
  • Cigarettes are a worldwide trend, whereas right now vaping is mostly relegated to Europe, the US, and China.
  • But that doesn't mean we shouldn't be worried because more than ever, young people are vaping who have never even smoked cigarettes.
  • And we do know that there are chemicals in these vapes that can kill you.
  • And even though right now they might not be considered worse than cigarettes, there's still a lot we have to learn because these are a new concept.
  • Scientists will continue to study how vaping affects people's lungs, especially young people's lungs.
  • So if you want more information about vaping, you can click our podcast here.
  • Thanks for watching our video about the insane way that humans have become addicted to getting nicotine into their lungs.
  • Also, peace.