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Private equity heavyweight pushing employee ownership | 60 Minutes

Original YouTube Video | 60minutes Published on 2024-05-07 Level：90 Speed：45 maxwordlevel：21

Video vocabulary

suite

US / swi:t /

•

UK / swit /

noun
Group of several shorter pieces of music
Set of rooms used for a particular purpose
A set of matching chairs and sofa

devout

US / dɪˈvaʊt /

•

UK / dɪˈvaʊt /

adjecitve
Strongly religious; believing something strongly

law

US / lɔ: /

•

UK / lɔ /

noun
Field of study that relates to the legal profession
A rule made and enforced by a government
System or rules made by the government

bury

US / 'berɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɛri /

verb
To put something into the ground and cover it

mindset

US / ˈmaɪndset /

•

UK / ˈmaɪndset /

noun
Way someone things about something

preach

US / pri:tʃ /

•

UK / pritʃ /

verb
To write or speak about so as to persuade people

apostle

US / ə'pɒsl /

•

UK / əˈpɑsəl /

noun
One of the 12 chosen teachers by Jesus Christ

cut

US / kʌt /

•

UK / kʌt /

noun
Act/instance of reducing the size or amount of
Small opening made using a sharp object, knife
A wound on someone's skin caused by a sharp object
verb
To reduce the size or amount of something
To use knife or scissors to divide, open surfaces

good

US / ɡʊd /

•

UK / ɡʊd /

adjecitve
Proper, appropriate or right
(Of an amount) enough; plenty
Excellent; high quality
Acting well or properly; of moral character
In a positive or happy emotional state
noun
Advantage or benefit

carpenter

US / 'kɑ:pəntə(r) /

•

UK / 'kɑ:rpəntər /

noun
Person that makes, repairs objects made of wood
Person's name

involve

US / ɪn'vɒlv /

•

UK / ɪnˈvɑlv /

verb
To have or be included as a part of something

understand

US / ˌʌndə'stænd /

•

UK / ˌʌndɚˈstænd /

verb
To know the meaning of language, what someone says

not

US / nɒt /

•

UK / nɑt /

adverb
Word indicating the negative
(Used to form the negative of verbs)

productive

US / prəˈdʌktɪv /

•

UK / prəˈdʌktɪv, pro- /

adjecitve
Producing things in large quantities; fertile
Doing a lot of work and achieving a lot

equity

US / ˈekwəti /

•

UK / ˈɛkwɪti /

noun
Condition of people being treated the same
Stocks and shares which pay no fixed interest
Value of a house, etc., minus the mortgage

dream

US / dri:m /

•

UK / drim /

noun
A wish or hope for something to happen
Imagination or image of something you want
Images, thoughts, feelings experienced when asleep
verb
To wish for something to happen
To experience thoughts, images while asleep

study

US / 'stʌdɪ /

•

UK / ˈstʌdi /

noun
Room that a person studies or reads in
Piece of research
Topic or subject you research or learn about
verb
To focus on learning something usually at school

support

US / səˈpɔ:t /

•

UK / səˈpɔrt, -ˈport /

noun
Assistance or advice given to someone
Evidence that helps prove something is true
A thing to hold up or prevent from falling down
verb
To give assistance or advice to someone
To help prove or show that something is true
To hold up or prevent from falling down

significant

US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

•

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

adjecitve
Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
Having meaning; important; noticeable
(Statistics) being clearly different

crazy

US / 'kreɪzɪ /

•

UK / ˈkrezi /

adjecitve
Mentally ill; mad
Not being sensible or practical
Really like someone or something very much
noun
Person acting in a manner that is strange and odd

maybe

US / ˈmeɪbi /

•

UK / ˈmebi /

adverb
Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

ruthlessness

US / ˈruːθləsnəs /

•

UK / ˈruːθləsnəs /

noun
Quality of being ruthless

but

US / bət /

•

UK / bʌt,bət /

conjunction
Used before you say something different, opposite

gina

US / ˈdʒiːnə /

•

UK / ˈdʒinə /

noun
A kind of dress worn by Aboriginal women in some areas of Western Australia.

life

US / laɪf /

•

UK / laɪf /

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

apply

US / ə'plaɪ /

•

UK / əˈplaɪ /

verb
To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
To commit your time and effort to doing something
To make something useful in a certain situation
To be relevant for a situation
To ask formally for (job, permission etc.)

themselves

US / ðəmˈselvz /

•

UK / ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðəm- /

pronoun
Reflexive form of 'they'

seventy

US / ˈsevnti /

•

UK / ˈsɛvənti /

number
70

bone

US / bəʊn /

•

UK / bon /

noun
Hard piece of your body that holds your muscles
verb
To remove bones from meat or fish

globally

US / 'ɡləʊbəlɪ /

•

UK / 'ɡloʊbəlɪ /

adverb
Throughout the world

span

US / spæn /

•

UK / spæn /

noun
Distance between two supports of a bridge
Period of time that something continues for
other
Periods of time that something continues for
verb
To go across a certain distance between things
To cover or extend over a time period

fifty

US / 'fɪftɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɪfti /

number
50

business

US / ˈbɪznəs /

•

UK / ˈbɪznɪs /

noun
A company formed for making profit
Matter that has to be dealt with; task; situation
Activity of working to make a profit

table

US / ˈteɪbl /

•

UK / ˈtebəl /

noun
Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
verb
To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

give

US / ɡɪv /

•

UK / ɡɪv /

noun
Degree of flexibility in something, a material
verb
To hand over or present something to someone
To cause someone to have or experience something

research

US / rɪ'sɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ /

noun
Study done to discover new ideas and facts
Work done to find or discover knowledge
verb
To study in order to discover new ideas and facts

perform

US / pə'fɔ:m /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

verb
To carry out an action well or successfully
To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

seven

US / ˈsevn /

•

UK / ˈsɛvən /

number
Number 7

sense

US / sens /

•

UK / sɛns /

noun
Certain mental feeling or emotion
Normal or clear state of mind
Meaning of a particular word, phrase or text
verb
To perceive using sight, sound, taste touch etc.
To recognize the presence of something

book

US / bʊk /

•

UK / bʊk /

noun
Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
verb
(Police) to officially record someone's crimes
To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

google

US / 'ɡu:ɡl /

•

UK / 'ɡu:ɡl /

noun
A widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important
other
Search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine

hollow

US / ˈhɒləʊ /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:loʊ /

adjecitve
(Of objects) having nothing inside; not solid
Lacking value, sincerity, or meaning
(E.g. of a laugh) lacking strength and emotion
(Sound) produced when something empty is hit
Appearing sunken or curved down
noun
Gap or indented surface
Area of land a little deeper than the surface
verb
To make a solid object have a large hole inside it

whether

US / ˈweðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈhwɛðɚ, ˈwɛð- /

conjunction
If something will happen or not

now

US / naʊ /

•

UK / naʊ /

adverb
At the present time or moment
Right away or in the next possible moment
Used to refer to something that just happened
Time between the present and a moment in the past
conjunction
Resulting from or because of something

slow

US / sləʊ /

•

UK / sloʊ /

adjecitve
Lacking activity, busyness or excitement
(Clock) showing time earlier than the actual time
Having difficulty understanding simple things
Moving or happening without speed; not fast
verb
To move, with less speed than before
To move or go without much speed

really

US / ˈri:əli /

•

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

adverb
Used to stress something that is said; definitely
In a true or accurate manner
Very

boss

US / bɒs /

•

UK / bɔs, bɑs /

noun
Person in charge of you at work
verb
To give orders to someone in an unpleasant way

our

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

determiner
Belonging to us

somebody

US / 'sʌmbədɪ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌbɑdi, -ˌbʌdi, -bədi /

noun
Important well-respected person
pronoun
Person who is not known or named

would

US / wʊd /

•

UK / wʊd /

other
Used to indicate something imagined
Used to ask or request something politely
Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
Used to indicate a preference
Used to indicate a reaction
Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

yet

US / jet /

•

UK / jɛt /

adverb
At a later time (used after ‘not’)
(Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
Eventually; at a future time
Until now; up to the present
conjunction
Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

behaviour

US / bɪˈheɪvjə(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈhevjɚ /

noun
The way a person or thing acts; manner

operate

US / ˈɒpəreɪt /

•

UK / ˈɑ:pəreɪt /

verb
To control or handle something, such as a machine
To control or manage something such as a business
To be working or being used
To perform surgery on someone

recent

US / 'ri:snt /

•

UK / ˈrisənt /

adjecitve
Happening or beginning not long ago

save

US / seɪv /

•

UK / sev /

noun
Preventing a player in a game from scoring a goal
preposition
Except; not including
verb
To make your computer keep a file
To keep for future use
To make something unnecessary; prevent
To keep money so that you will have it later
To keep something for future use, such as money
To keep or rescue someone or something from harm
To prevent a player in a game from scoring a goal
To avoid the unnecessary waste of energy, etc.

can

US / kæn /

•

UK / kən,kæn /

noun
A metal container for storing food
other
Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
verb
To have permission to
To be possible to do
To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

credit

US / 'kredɪt /

•

UK / ˈkrɛdɪt /

adjecitve
Having a positive amount of money
noun
System to buy something and pay for it later
Points earned instead of money
Quality of having a good reputation for a reason
Points earned towards a university degree
verb
To add a certain amount of money to a total
To recognize someone's achievements or help

champion

US / 'tʃæmpɪən /

•

UK / 'tʃæmpɪən /

noun
Person who fights for or supports strongly
verb
To support or fight for something you believe in

same

US / seɪm /

•

UK / sem /

adjecitve
Being equal in quality and amount
Identical; not different
Not changing; constant

want

US / wɔnt /

•

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

noun
Something you desire or wish for
State or condition of poverty
verb
To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

ceo

US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

•

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

abbreviation
CEO for Chief Operating Officer

specialty

US / ˈspeʃəlti /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəlti /

adjecitve
Having a particular role or function
noun
Skill or a dish that a person, business is good at
The specific area of your field

pete

US / pet /

•

UK / pɛt /

deal

US / di:l /

•

UK / dil /

verb
To cope with something - usually troubles
To give (something bad e.g. news) to
To buy and sell illegal drugs
To give out (cards, etc.) to; distribute
To do business with someone or to sell products

become

US / bɪ'kʌm /

•

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

verb
To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
To be suitable for a particular job or role

potentially

US / pə'tenʃəlɪ /

•

UK / pəˈtɛnʃəlɪ /

adverb
That could happen or become reality

one

US / wʌn /

•

UK / wʌn /

pronoun
You; we; people in general; someone
The thing or person previously referred to
adjecitve
Used to refer to people generally
Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
number
Number 1

motivate

US / 'məʊtɪveɪt /

•

UK / ˈmotəˌvet /

verb
To give someone a reason, the will to do something

accustom

US / əˈkʌstəm /

•

UK / əˈkʌstəm /

transitive verb
Make (someone or something) accept something as normal or usual.

magnitude

US / ˈmægnɪtju:d /

•

UK / ˈmæɡnɪˌtud, -ˌtjud /

noun
Number representing force of an earthquake
Size or importance
Number representing the brightness of a star

into

US / 'ɪntə /

•

UK / ˈɪntu /

preposition
Moving or going inside something
In the same direction as; in the direction of
So as to become; taking the state of

outside

US / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd /

•

UK / aʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd /

adverb
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing
noun
Area around or near something, such as a building
preposition
Beyond the limits or edges of some place, thing

paycheck

US / 'peɪtʃek /

•

UK / ˈpeˌtʃɛk /

noun
Check issued in payment of wages or salary

midnight

US / ˈmɪdnaɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɪdˌnaɪt /

noun
12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

goal

US / ɡəʊl /

•

UK / ɡol /

noun
Something you try to do or achieve; an aim
(Sports) net into which you put a ball to score
(Sports) act of scoring by putting a ball in a net

capital

US / 'kæpɪtl /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

adjecitve
Main, or major
noun
Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
Official main city of a country, province or state
Collective name for money, shares, and assets
Money that is used for a business

enrich

US / ɪn'rɪtʃ /

•

UK / ɛnˈrɪtʃ /

verb
To make someone or something better
To make someone wealthier; make a life happier

also

US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

•

UK / ˈɔlso /

adverb
In addition; too; in a similar way

open

US / 'əʊpən /

•

UK / ˈopən /

adjecitve
Available for use; accessible
Not being hidden; available for others to see
Being available for customers to enter or use
Allowing everyone to use or take part in
Not secret anymore
Not closed or shut
Willing to accept new ideas and thoughts
noun
Name for a tennis or golf competition
verb
To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
To start the activities or services of a business
To make a space or hole appear in something
To move or change so that it is no longer closed
To start something, e.g. a new business

the

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

article
Used to refer to something already mentioned
Used to show there is only one of something
determiner
Used to describe all of a family

lead

US / li:d /

•

UK / lid /

adjecitve
Being the main part in movies or plays
noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game
verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

harvard

US / 'bɪlɪ /

•

UK / ˈbɪli /

exception

US / ɪkˈsepʃn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsɛpʃən /

noun
Something different or not included

make

US / meɪk /

•

UK / mek /

noun
Product made by a particular company; brand
verb
To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
To get to (a place) on time
To gain the status of (teacher, lawyer, etc.)
To create something by putting things together
To earn a certain amount of money at a job
To cause or force a person to do something
To cause something to happen or be formed

big

US / bɪɡ /

•

UK / bɪɡ /

adjecitve
Popular
Serious
Large

sister

US / ðə /

•

UK / ðə /

noun
Female you share a parent with
Full-time female member of a (Christian) religion

executive

US / ɪɡ'zekjətɪv /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv /

adjecitve
Of a high ranking job in a company
noun
A senior manager in a business or organization

year

US / jə: /

•

UK / jɪr /

noun
Unit of time equal to 12 months or 365 or 366 days
Used to refer to the age of a person

norman

US / ˈnɔːmən /

•

UK / ˈnɔːrmən /

noun
An inhabitant of Normandy
other
Australian golfer (born in )
Of or relating to or characteristic of Normandy
Of or relating to or characteristic of the Normans

average

US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

adjecitve
Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
noun
Total of numbers divided by the number of items
verb
To add numbers then divide by the number of items

teach

US / ti:tʃ /

•

UK / titʃ /

verb
To help someone learn or do something

proverbial

US / prəˈvɜ:biəl /

•

UK / prəˈvɜ:rbiəl /

adjecitve
As commonly spoken of; well-known

colleague

US / 'kɒli:ɡ /

•

UK / ˈkɑlˌiɡ /

noun
Person you work or cooperate with

detractor

US / dɪˈtræktə(r) /

•

UK / dɪˈtræktər /

noun
Person who says bad things about something

incentive

US / ɪnˈsentɪv /

•

UK / ɪnˈsɛntɪv /

noun
Something that encourages you to do something

illinois

US / ˌɪlɪ'nɔɪ(z) /

•

UK / ˌɪlə'nɔɪ /

other
A member of the Algonquian people formerly of Illinois and regions to the west
A midwestern state in north-central United States
Algonquian language of the Illinois and Miami

message

US / 'mesɪdʒ /

•

UK / ˈmɛsɪdʒ /

noun
Main idea or theme in a story, book, or film
Piece of information that is told/given to someone
verb
To communicate using text

concede

US / kən'si:d /

•

UK / kənˈsid /

verb
To admit that something is true

order

US / 'ɔ:də(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔrdɚ /

noun
Religious or social group, as of nuns
Instructions to others to do what you want
State in which things are neat and organized
What you ask to buy, e.g. food in restaurant
Social or political control of an area
verb
To put things in a sequence, e.g. a, b, c
To give instructions to others to do what you want
To ask for something you want to buy, e.g. a meal

free

US / fri: /

•

UK / fri /

adjecitve
Living, happening without being controlled
Costing no money
Not working; not busy
verb
To release (e.g. bird) from a cage or prison

three

US / θri: /

•

UK / θri /

number
Number 3

stress

US / stres /

•

UK / strɛs /

noun
Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
Pressure on something or someone
A state of mental tension, worry due to problems
verb
To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
To put pressure on something or someone
To say your opinion strongly
To be in a state of mental tension due to problems

program

US / 'prəʊɡræm /

•

UK / ˈproˌɡræm, -ɡrəm /

noun
Small book of events in a play, concert or movie
A plan or schedule of events
Series of classes at a college or university
A computer application
TV show
verb
To make someone act or think in a certain way
To write computer code for a piece of software

cornfield

US / ˈkɔːnfiːld /

•

UK / ˈkɔːrnfiːld /

noun
Field planted with corn

laborer

US / 'leɪbərə /

•

UK / ˈlebərɚ /

noun
Person doing physically challenging work for money

overlord

US / 'əʊvəlɔ:d /

•

UK / ˈovɚˌlɔrd /

noun
Nobleman on whose land people of lower rank worked

school

US / sku:l /

•

UK / skul /

adjecitve
Being to do with schools and education
noun
Large group of fish that swim together
Education of a child
Building where you learn in classes with a teacher
A particular belief or idea about something
verb
To teach or train someone to know or do something

stand

US / stænd /

•

UK / stænd /

noun
Effort to fight against something
Piece of furniture; device to hold or support
Place in a stadium where spectators watch
Table where things are sold at a fair or market
verb
To be a candidate in an election
To be able to accept someone, something; bear
To last for a long time
To be upright; not be sitting or lying down
To place something in a particular position; place
To be (as stated)
To still be valid
To have an opinion about something

famous

US / 'feɪməs /

•

UK / ˈfeməs /

adjecitve
Excellent
Widely known; recognized by many people

tenfold

US / ˈtenfəʊld /

•

UK / ˈtenfoʊld /

number
Ten times

rumour

US / ˈru:mə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrumɚ /

noun
Gossip; story told by other people often not true
verb
To gossip; to tell a story about other people

might

US / maɪt /

•

UK / maɪt /

other
Used to politely request an action
Used to express that something could happen
Power, strength, force or influence

than

US / ðən /

•

UK / ðən /

conjunction
Used to compare two things that are not equal

you

US / jʊ /

•

UK / ju /

pronoun
Person someone is speaking or writing to
Person or people in general

wrench

US / rentʃ /

•

UK / rɛntʃ /

noun
Tool for holding/turning objects of varying sizes
verb
To twist, turn, or pull suddenly and forcibly

turn

US / tɜ:n /

•

UK / tɚn /

noun
Place where changing of direction happens
Your time or chance to perform a duty
Your chance to play or do in say a game
Unexpected change, as in the weather
verb
To become (a particular age)
To become a different quality, color, etc.
To change the direction of something, e.g. a car
To move in an opposite direction or position
To shape metal with a spinning tool

dare

US / deə(r) /

•

UK / der /

noun
A dangerous or risky act people are afraid to do
verb
To challenge someone to do something that is risky
To have enough courage to do something

this

US / ðɪs /

•

UK / ðɪs /

adjecitve
Used to indicate something already been discussed
Used to indicate something happening around now
adverb
An indication by a physical motion or gesture
A specific amount of
determiner
Person, thing, or idea near you
pronoun
Person, thing that has already been discussed

five

US / faɪv /

•

UK / faɪv /

number
5

run

US / rʌn /

•

UK / rʌn /

noun
Journey between two places made by ship or car
Series of similar things or successes and failures
Act of running; exercise of running
verb
To depart or travel according to a schedule
To cause an animal to move in a certain direction
(Of an engine) to be operating
To start or use a computer program
To flow in a certain direction, like a liquid
To manage or operate a business
To operate or drive something
(Of a road) to go from one place to another
To move your legs faster than walking

entire

US / ɪn'taɪə(r) /

•

UK / ɛnˈtaɪr /

adjecitve
Complete or full; with no part left out; whole

congress

US / 'kɒŋɡres /

•

UK / ˈkɑŋɡrɪs /

noun
Meeting of elected or appointed representatives
American governing body of elected representatives

canvas

US / ˈkænvəs /

•

UK / ˈkænvəs /

noun
Special cloth on which an artist paints a picture
other
Thick, strong cloth used e.g. to make sails

how

US / haʊ /

•

UK / haʊ /

adjecitve
To what degree? in what amount?
adverb
(Used to explain the way to do something)
exclamation
For what purpose or reason?
(Used to ask someone or something's condition)

pave

US / peɪv /

•

UK / pev /

verb
To build a hard even surface for traveling on

bad

US / bæd /

•

UK / bæd /

adjecitve
Not good; wrong
Lacking in good morals; evil
No longer fresh; spoiled

wage

US / weɪdʒ /

•

UK / wedʒ /

noun
Money paid to a worker for the hours they worked
verb
To start (war, etc.) to achieve a particular goal

half

US / hɑ:f /

•

UK / hæf, hɑf /

adjecitve
Not complete
adverb
Partly; somewhat
noun
One of two equal periods of game time in a sport
The part you get when one is divided into two;

overhead

US / ˌəʊvəˈhed /

•

UK / ˌoʊvərˈhed /

adjecitve
Located above your head or in the sky
Above a person's head or in the sky
noun
Regular and necessary cost, such as rent and heat

level

US / 'levl /

•

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

adjecitve
(Sports) equal to another
Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
noun
Specific height of something
Amount of ability you have compared to others
Floor or deck within a building
Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
verb
To aim a gun at someone
To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
To make things flat or even
To make a score equal to another, in sports

across

US / əˈkrɔs /

•

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

adverb
Distance from one side to another
(Go) from one side to the other of something

unfortunately

US / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli /

•

UK / ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli /

adverb
In a way that is to be regretted; unluckily

shop

US / ʃɒp /

•

UK / ʃɑ:p /

noun
Place to learn how to fix or make things; class
Place where things are fixed or repaired, e.g. cars
Place which sells things
verb
To look for or buy goods or services

complexity

US / kəm'pleksətɪ /

•

UK / kəmˈplɛksɪti /

noun
State of having many parts and not being simple

equipment

US / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪpmənt /

noun
Tools or materials used to perform a task

first

US / fɜ:st /

•

UK / fɚst /

adjecitve
1st; Coming before all others in time or place
noun
Something that has not happened before
Position of the winner of a competition

then

US / ðen /

•

UK / ðɛn /

adverb
A time that is not now
Following another thing in time or arrangement
Following on reasonably from what was just stated
At that time, not now

yeah

US / jeə /

•

UK / ˈjɛə, ˈjæə, jɛ- /

exclamation
Another way of saying 'yes'

second

US / 'sekənd /

•

UK / ˈsɛkənd /

adjecitve
2nd; the one following first
noun
Unit of time; one sixtieth of a minute
Short period of time that you wait for someone
(Do) soon

number

US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

noun
Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
Particular song or dance performed during a show
Total quantity or amount of things
verb
To put numbers on things
To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

fire

US / 'faɪə(r) /

•

UK / faɪr /

noun
Heat and the flame produced when burning
Intense energy for or about something
verb
To apply heat to something to make it hard
To make a person leave their job; dismiss
To shoot a gun or weapon
To launch something into the sky, e.g. a rocket
To start working on something e.g. a project

house

US / haʊs /

•

UK / haʊs /

noun
Place where a specific activity or business occurs
Building in which a family, person lives
verb
To give someone a place to live
To contain or store something

vilify

US / 'vɪlɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɪləˌfaɪ /

verb
To speak ill of; defame; slander

own

US / əʊn /

•

UK / on /

adjecitve
Belong to oneself
determiner
Yours, his, hers, etc.; not belonging to another
pronoun
(Something) belong to myself
verb
To have something as your property

sit

US / sɪt /

•

UK / sɪt /

verb
To take an exam
To be in a resting position on a chair
To provide seating for people
To remain in a still position while being painted

reaction

US / rɪ'ækʃn /

•

UK / riˈækʃən /

noun
Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
Feeling or action in response to something

evangelist

US / ɪˈvændʒəlɪst /

•

UK / ɪˈvændʒəlɪst /

noun
Person who preaches the gospel of Jesus Christ

action

US / 'ækʃn /

•

UK / ˈækʃən /

noun
Something that a person or thing does
verb
To act to do something

offer

US / 'ɒfə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

noun
Price you say you are willing to pay for something
Act of making a thing available to be accepted
verb
To suggest a price you are willing to pay
To give the opportunity to accept something
To say you are willing to do something
To give or say something as an act of worship

anyone

US / ˈeniwʌn /

•

UK / ˈɛniˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Any person

place

US / pleɪs /

•

UK / ples /

noun
Particular location, area or region
verb
To put someone in a particular type of situation
To put something in a certain location or position

ethos

US / ˈi:θɒs /

•

UK / ˈi:θɑ:s /

other
Guiding principles of a group

priority

US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

•

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

noun
Thing that is more important/urgent than others

practice

US / 'præktɪs /

•

UK / ˈpræktɪs /

noun
The office and place for legal or medical work
Doing something many times to become better at it
verb
To work as a doctor or lawyer
To live according to the teachings of a religion
To do something many times to improve a skill

mean

US / mi:n /

•

UK / min /

adjecitve
Being good at
Nasty; unkind
Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
noun
Average of a set of numbers
verb
To express a particular idea or thought
To intend to do something in particular
To have a particular meaning or value

pool

US / pu:l /

•

UK / pul /

noun
Amount collected, e.g. money, for some purpose
Small body of still water
Game of hitting balls on a table with long sticks
Small area of water for swimming bound by walls
verb
(Of a liquid) to collect into a small area
To make a collection of (resources, money etc.)

lesson

US / 'lesn /

•

UK / ˈlɛsən /

noun
Something done to learn or teach something; class
Wisdom or knowledge received from an experience

down

US / daʊn /

•

UK / daʊn /

adjecitve
Being sad, sick, or unhappy
Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
adverb
In a sitting or lying position
Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
noun
A period of play in American Football
The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
preposition
Along something's path, course, or direction
Going from a higher position to a lower position
verb
To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

pray

US / preɪ /

•

UK / pre /

verb
To speak to your god to request help
To wish or hope for something to happen or be true

fund

US / fʌnd /

•

UK / fʌnd /

noun
Money collected, saved, or provided for a purpose
A specific account into which you put money
verb
To supply money for something

acquisition

US / ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌækwɪˈzɪʃən /

noun
Process of acquiring; thing that is acquired

excite

US / ɪk'saɪt /

•

UK / ɪkˈsaɪt /

verb
To make something or someone become more active
To make someone feel happy, interested or eager

profit

US / 'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / 'prɑ:fɪt /

noun
Benefit from doing something
Money earned from sales, after costs are deducted
verb
To be a benefit to someone
To earn money from something

tell

US / tel /

•

UK / tɛl /

verb
To (strongly) advise a person to do something
To be able to guess
To say or communicate information to someone
To inform, but without speaking; indicate
To have a negative effect on someone
To order someone to do something; command
To recognize something based on certain signs
To report something to an authority
To explain something or teach someone something

like

US / laɪk /

•

UK / laɪk /

adjecitve
Being equal in status or kind to something else
Similar; the same
adverb
For example
preposition
Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
In a way similar to the way something is done
Such as; for example
verb
To want to
To find something pleasing; to prefer something

catch

US / kætʃ /

•

UK / kætʃ, kɛtʃ /

noun
Amount of something that has been caught
Trick or something trying to deceive
verb
To stop something flying and hold it
To stop something and not let it go, e.g. animals
To get sick or get a disease from someone else
To find someone to do something, a task
To get stuck on or in something
To be trapped so you can’t escape
To be able to understand what someone is saying

advocate

US / 'ædvəkeɪt /

•

UK / ˈædvəˌket /

noun
A lawyer who protects a clients interests
Person who supports a movement for changes
verb
To request change
To publicly support a belief

site

US / saɪt /

•

UK / saɪt /

noun
Place that is reserved for a particular activity
Location of building work
Location of something
Place where something of special interest happened
Website
verb
To place something in a particular position, area

roughly

US / ˈrʌfli /

•

UK / ˈrʌflɪ /

adverb
Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
In a manner that is violent or not careful
In an inexact, imprecise or violent way
In a basic, simple manner

even

US / 'i:vn /

•

UK / ˈivən /

adjecitve
Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
Being divided equally or fairly
(Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
Smooth, level, or regular
Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
At a regular, equally steady manner
Remaining steady and unchanging
adverb
(When this is surprising) as well; too
(Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
verb
To make something level; to flatten
To make something equal

value

US / 'vælju: /

•

UK / ˈvælju /

noun
Importance you attach to something
Some information expressed as a number
Stated price of something; worth
verb
To place a high importance on something
To say how much money something is worth

least

US / li:st /

•

UK / list /

adverb
In the smallest or lowest way
noun
Something that is of the lowest or smallest degree

smile

US / smaɪl /

•

UK / smaɪl /

noun
Raising the corners of the mouth showing happiness
verb
To put up the corners of mouth to show happiness

tend

US / tend /

•

UK / tɛnd /

verb
To move or act in a certain manner
To take care of
To regularly behave in a certain way

york

US / jɔ:k /

•

UK / jɔrk /

proper noun
A city in northern England, on the Ouse River; population 136,900 (est. 2009).
A commercial and industrial city in southeastern Pennsylvania; population 40,097 (est. 2008).
The southwestern tip of Hayes Peninsula, on Baffin Bay in Greenland. It served as a base for US expl

find

US / faɪnd /

•

UK / faɪnd /

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching
verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

happen

US / 'hæpən /

•

UK / ˈhæpən /

verb
To take place or occur

commerce

US / ˈkɒmɜ:s /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mɜ:rs /

noun
Buying and selling of goods and services; trade

emerge

US / ɪ'mɜ:dʒ /

•

UK / ɪˈmɚdʒ /

verb
To rise or appear out of some background

ultimately

US / ˈʌltɪmətli /

•

UK / ˈʌltəmɪtli /

adverb
Done or considered as the final and most important

that

US / ðæt /

•

UK / ðæt, ðət /

adjecitve
The person or thing being talked about
Used to identify something both the speakers know
adverb
Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
To such a degree
conjunction
Used to connect a noun clause
Used to introduce an adverbial clause
Used to introduce a noun clause
determiner
Used as a noun to refer to something
pronoun
Referring an object far away
Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

get

US / ɡet /

•

UK / ɡɛt /

verb
To become affected by illness or disease
To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
To go somewhere to obtain something
To (cause to) do a particular thing
To obtain, receive or be given something
To currently have
To prepare for use
To understand something being said or read

what

US / wɒt /

•

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

pronoun
Thing or things that; the same kind as
Used to emphasize something you are about to say
adjecitve
Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
adverb
To a certain degree
determiner
Question words used for asking for information
exclamation
Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
Used to ask people to repeat something they said

storey

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building

present

US / 'preznt /

•

UK / ˈprɛznt /

adjecitve
Being in attendance; being there; having turned up
noun
Gift
Verb tense indicating an action is happening now
Current time; now
verb
To introduce someone to others
To host a program on television or radio
To give a speech or presentation
To show something to someone who will examine it
To appear or happen
To give an award or prize to someone

again

US / ə'ɡen /

•

UK / əˈɡɛn /

adverb
One more time, once more

stride

US / straɪd /

•

UK / straɪd /

noun
Length of a long confident step when walking
verb
To make progress on something such as a project
To walk with long confident steps

she

US / ʃɪ /

•

UK / ʃi /

pronoun
Female person or animal mentioned before
(Refers to female person mentioned before)

solve

US / sɒlv /

•

UK / sɑ:lv /

verb
To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem

nothing

US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

noun
Item of little or no value, importance, interest
Number or value of zero
pronoun
Not anything, not a single thing

win

US / wɪn /

•

UK / wɪn /

noun
Success in beating the other team or competitors
Success in a game or contest
verb
To get something as a prize because of a success
To gain something you want because of your efforts
To succeed in a game or contest

firm

US / fɜ:m /

•

UK / fɚm /

adjecitve
Fairly hard or solid, not soft
Unchanging and strong
noun
Company that sells goods or services
verb
To make something become more solid or durable

hard

US / hɑ:d /

•

UK / hɑː(r)d /

adjecitve
Difficult to do; difficult to understand
(Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
(Of alcohol) strong
Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
Strong
(Of edge) clear; sharp
Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
adverb
With lots of force, power, or impact

family

US / 'fæməlɪ /

•

UK / ˈfæmli /

noun
Close group of people or organizations
A group of people who are related through blood
Group of related plants or animals

seniority

US / ˌsi:niˈɒrəti /

•

UK / sinˈjɔrɪti, -ˈjɑr- /

noun
Higher rank due to longer service or status

absolutely

US / ˈæbsəlu:tli /

•

UK / ˈæbsəˌlutli, ˌæbsəˈlutli /

adverb
Completely; totally; very

right

US / raɪt /

•

UK / raɪt /

adjecitve
Correct or true
The south side of you looking at the rising sun
adverb
Exactly in a place or time
Being appropriate for a particular event
In a straight or direct manner
noun
Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
Ideal of what is just and good
Political view based on conservatism
verb
To fix something previously wrong or unjust
To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

people

US / 'pi:pl /

•

UK / ˈpipəl /

noun
Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
Men, Women, Children

about

US / ə'baʊt /

•

UK / əˈbaʊt /

adverb
To be ready to; going to
Nearly; approximately; roughly
Near; next to; close to
In every direction; in the area of
preposition
Concerning or of (a topic)

liberal

US / 'lɪbərəl /

•

UK / ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl /

adjecitve
Open-minded; willing to hear others' opinions
Political party for freedom and social change
Supporting progress and social change
Not being strict
noun
Someone who is open-minded and favors progress

case

US / keɪs /

•

UK / kes /

noun
Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
Set of facts about a crime
Set of facts about an event
Example or instance of something
verb
To find out about a place, as in planning to steal

factory

US / ˈfæktri /

•

UK / ˈfæktəri /

noun
Building where things are made

whenever

US / wenˈevə(r) /

•

UK / hwɛnˈɛvɚ /

adverb
At any or every time that

plus

US / plʌs /

•

UK / plʌs /

noun
A benefit or advantage
preposition
In addition; add
In addition to; Indicates a number above
Having a value greater than zero

deserve

US / dɪ'zɜ:v /

•

UK / dɪˈzɚv /

verb
To be worthy of, e.g. getting praise or attention

visit

US / ˈvɪzɪt /

•

UK / ˈvɪzɪt /

noun
Trip to a place for a time, usually for a reason
verb
To go to a place for a time, usually for a reason

actually

US / ˈæktʃuəli /

•

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

adverb
Used to add new (often different) information

additional

US / əˈdɪʃənl /

•

UK / ə'dɪʃənl /

adjecitve
Further or added

balance

US / ˈbæləns /

•

UK / ˈbæləns /

noun
Instrument for weighing things
Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
Money remaining after paying costs
verb
To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
To make two or more things equal

burn

US / bɜ:n /

•

UK / bɚn /

noun
Damage from fire or heat
verb
To destroy with fire
To feel pain and heat
To use as fuel for a fire to make light or heat
To overcook food with too much heat it goes black

socialism

US / ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm /

noun
Political system with state control/free benefits

true

US / tru: /

•

UK / tru: /

adjecitve
Agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual

tax

US / tæks /

•

UK / tæks /

noun
Money taken by a government from its people
verb
To require a lot of physical or mental effort
(Government) to take money from a country's people

charity

US / 'tʃærətɪ /

•

UK / ˈtʃærɪti /

noun
Kindness and willingness to forgive, help
Institution providing help to the needy, the sick
Person's name

while

US / waɪl /

•

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

conjunction
In spite of the fact that; although
During the time that; at the same time
noun
Short amount of time

deploy

US / dɪˈplɔɪ /

•

UK / dɪˈplɔɪ /

verb
To put into position (often a military operation)

past

US / pɑ:st /

•

UK / pæst /

adjecitve
No longer current or new
adverb
So as to go beyond, or further than something
noun
Time that existed before now, e.g. long ago
preposition
After a particular time
At a later point in distance; beyond

small

US / smɔ:l /

•

UK / smɔl /

adjecitve
Little in size; not big
(Of letters) not written in capital letters
Being insignificant or minor
(Of a business) with few people or things; local
(Of voice) being soft and quiet
(Of a child) being young

pep

US / pep /

•

UK / pɛp /

noun
Energy; vitality

fortunate

US / ˈfɔ:tʃənət /

•

UK / ˈfɔrtʃənɪt /

adjecitve
Having good luck

will

US / wɪl /

•

UK / wɪl /

noun
Desire or choice of someone
Document saying who gets your money when you die
Strong desire to do something; determination
Desire to do something; strong wish to do
other
Used with verbs to express the future
verb
To leave property to someone after your death
To use mental effort to make something happen
Am (is, are) likely to do
To influence someone to do something
To make something happen by strongly wanting it

thousand

US / ˈθaʊznd /

•

UK / ˈθaʊzənd /

number
Number 1,000

explain

US / ɪk'spleɪn /

•

UK / ɪkˈsplen /

verb
To make clear or easy to understand by describing

heartland

US / ˈhɑ:tlænd /

•

UK / ˈhɑ:rtlænd /

noun
Central region important to a culture, movement

exactly

US / ɪgˈzæktli /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

adverb
No more and no less than; precisely

folk

US / fəʊk /

•

UK / fok /

adjecitve
(Of ordinary people) not sophisticated
noun
Ordinary common people

many

US / 'menɪ /

•

UK / ˈmɛni /

determiner
Used to refer a large number of things

someone

US / ˈsʌmwʌn /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌwʌn, -wən /

pronoun
Person who is not known or named

once

US / wʌns /

•

UK / wʌns /

adverb
One time; one instance
At a time in the past
conjunction
When; as soon as

code

US / kəʊd /

•

UK / kod /

noun
A password made of a set of letters or numbers
Set of rules for behavior
A secret language using secret symbols
Written part of a computer program
verb
To express information in a series of numbers
To write a secret message using secret symbols
To write programs using computer languages

shift

US / ʃɪft /

•

UK / ʃɪft /

adjecitve
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night
noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
Period of work starting at a certain time
verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

quick

US / kwɪk /

•

UK / kwɪk /

adjecitve
Using very little time; moving far in little time
Learning and understanding rapidly and easily

plight

US / plaɪt /

•

UK / plaɪt /

noun
Difficult situation

plunder

US / 'plʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈplʌndɚ /

noun
Things taken violently or by force
verb
To take steal forcefully and unlawfully in wartime

always

US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

•

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

adverb
For a very long time
At all times; in every situation
For ever

new

US / nju: /

•

UK / nu, nju /

adjecitve
Not old, recently born, built or made
Being or doing something for the first time
Not felt, seen or known previously
Having been recently bought or obtained

sell

US / sel /

•

UK / sɛl /

verb
To exchange something for money
To persuade people to do, like or agree

equivalent

US / ɪˈkwɪvələnt /

•

UK / ɪˈkwɪvələnt /

adjecitve
Equal to something in value, use or meaning
noun
Thing like another in quality, quantity or degree

toss

US / tɒs /

•

UK / tɔ:s /

verb
To throw something into the air, e.g. casually

veteran

US / 'vetərən /

•

UK / ˈvɛtərən /

adjecitve
Experienced through long service or practice
noun
Person experienced through long service

skeptical

US / 'skeptɪkəl /

•

UK / 'skeptɪkəl /

adjecitve
Doubting that something is true/probable/useful

literacy

US / ˈlɪtərəsi /

•

UK / ˈlɪtərəsi /

noun
Fact of having knowledge of a particular subject
State of being able to read and write

walk

US / wɔ:k /

•

UK / wɔk /

noun
Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
verb
To move with your legs at a slowish pace

maga

US / /

•

UK / /

adjective
(of a person or part of the body) very thin.

feel

US / fi:l /

•

UK / fil /

verb
To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
To sense through direct contact; touch

publish

US / 'pʌblɪʃ /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪʃ /

verb
To prepare and make available a book magazine etc.
To release information to the general public

whitewash

US / ˈwaɪtwɒʃ /

•

UK / ˈwaɪtwɑ:ʃ /

noun
Planned effort to hide something dishonest/immoral
verb
To present something wrong as though it were OK

continue

US / kən'tɪnju: /

•

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

verb
To do something without stopping, or after pausing
To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

motivation

US / ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌmotəˈveʃən /

noun
Reason behind why someone did something

contract

US / 'kɒntrækt /

•

UK / 'kɑ:ntrækt /

noun
Legal agreement, e.g. for doing work for money
Agreement to pay someone to kill a person
verb
To become ill as a result of getting a disease
To make an agreement for doing work for money
To reduce in size, length due to heat loss
To reduce the amount of

here

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

adverb
In this place; at this location, position or time

resell

US / ˌri:ˈsel /

•

UK / ˈriˈsɛl /

verb
To sell (something) again after having bought it

heavyweight

US / ˈheviweɪt /

•

UK / ˈhɛviˌwet /

noun
Professional boxer in a greater weight class

pot

US / pɒt /

•

UK / pɑt /

noun
Container designed to hold or store something
Deep, round container that is used for cooking
Large, significant quantity of something
Slang name for marijuana
Net pocket at the corners, etc. of a snooker table
Money that can be won in a card game or a bet
verb
To plant something in a container filled with soil
To hit a ball into a table pocket in snooker

precisely

US / prɪˈsaɪsli /

•

UK / prɪˈsaɪsli /

adverb
In an exact and accurate manner
(Emphasizes that a statement is totally correct)

performance

US / pə'fɔ:məns /

•

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

noun
Act of doing something
Activity done to entertain an audience

global

US / ˈgləʊbl /

•

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

adjecitve
Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

rainbow

US / ˈreɪnbəʊ /

•

UK / ˈreɪnboʊ /

noun
Curved line of colors in the sky during rainfall

market

US / ˈmɑ:kɪt /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:rkɪt /

noun
Need or demand for a particular product or service
Area or region where a certain product is sold
Public event where people sell goods on tables
Institution where stocks are bought and sold
verb
To publicize products to get you to buy; advertise

day

US / deɪ /

•

UK / de /

noun
A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
The period of time when it is light outside
Person's name

too

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

adverb
In addition, also; with emphasis
Say that something is more than you want

union

US / 'ju:nɪən /

•

UK / ˈjunjən /

noun
Act of joining two or more things into one
Marriage
Organization of workers to look after their needs

stagnate

US / stæɡ'neɪt /

•

UK / ˈstæɡˌnet /

verb
To stop moving, developing, or making progress

machinery

US / məˈʃi:nəri /

•

UK / məˈʃinəri, -ˈʃinri /

noun
System/processes to get official approval, etc.
Machines in general
Inner, working parts of a machine

million

US / ˈmɪljən /

•

UK / ˈmɪljən /

number
1,000,000

story

US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

noun
One of many floors or levels in a building
Account or description of how something happened

inequality

US / ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti /

•

UK / ˌɪnɪˈkwɑ:ləti /

noun
Situation where things are not equal, fair

guess

US / ɡes /

•

UK / ɡɛs /

noun
Answer given when you don't know if it is correct
verb
To give an answer without knowing if it is correct

beat

US / bi:t /

•

UK / bit /

noun
Regular movement or rhythm (e.g. heart or music)
verb
To move in regular motions in order to push blood
To strike or hit repeatedly and with great force
To mix ingredients together with a fork or machine
To play a drum
To win against another person or team; defeat

lose

US / lu:z /

•

UK / luz /

verb
To be unable to keep in check or control something
To decrease in value or quantity (e.g. weight)
To stop having certain qualities or abilities
To stop having or being entitled to
To fail to win something that is being contested
To be unable to find something you once had
To be dependent on someone (used with 'not')

after

US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

•

UK / ˈæftɚ /

adverb
Later than another time, or behind something
conjunction
Following something before
preposition
When an event happened or time has passed

debt

US / det /

•

UK / dɛt /

noun
Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid

use

US / ju:s /

•

UK / ju:s /

noun
Ability to employ something
Need to enable it to work
Permission to do something with something
Act of spending money
Operation of a machine for its function
verb
To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
To need to operate or work
To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
To treat a person badly
To do something with, for a task or purpose

obviously

US / ˈɒbviəsli /

•

UK / ˈɑːbviəsli /

adverb
In a way that is obvious/easy to see or understand

sabotage

US / 'sæbətɑ:ʒ /

•

UK / ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ /

noun
Destroying or damaging so as to weaken enemy, etc.
verb
To destroy or damage, often secretly, to weaken

economy

US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

•

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

noun
Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

capitalism

US / ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm /

•

UK / ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm /

noun
Economic system where companies own industry

windfall

US / ˈwɪndfɔːl /

•

UK / ˈwɪndfɔːl /

noun
Fruit that has fallen from the tree

until

US / ənˈtɪl /

•

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

conjunction
Up to; to a time when something happens
preposition
Before (a specific time)

amish

US / ˈɑ:miʃ /

•

UK / ˈɑmɪʃ, ˈæmɪʃ /

other
An American follower of the Mennonite religion

out

US / aʊt /

•

UK / aʊt /

adverb
No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
Away from home, business, or the usual place
In a direction/movement away from inside or center
noun
Act when a batter cannot continue playing
verb
To tell people a secret

culture

US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

noun
Beliefs and customs of a particular group

perhaps

US / pəˈhæps /

•

UK / pɚˈhæps /

adverb
Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

any

US / 'enɪ /

•

UK / ˈɛni /

adjecitve
One, or some, no matter which
pronoun
One (thing) of many; some

hourly

US / ˈaʊəli: /

•

UK / ˈaʊrli /

adverb
Occurring every hour or payable by the hour

US / ʃeə(r) /

•

UK / ʃɛr /

noun
Part-ownership in a property, business or company
Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
verb
To divide something between two or more people
To allow others to use your things equally
To give information, etc. to someone

think

US / θɪŋk /

•

UK / θɪŋk /

verb
To have an idea about something without certainty
To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

poor

US / pʊə(r) /

•

UK / pʊr /

adjecitve
Inferior; below the normal standard
Deserving of pity or sympathy
Without money; not rich

game

US / ɡeɪm /

•

UK / ɡem /

noun
Activity with rules that people play to have fun
Birds and animals people hunt to kill and eat
Match between two teams

crystal

US / 'krɪstl /

•

UK / ˈkrɪstəl /

noun
A solid formed by the solidification of a chemical
Rock with regularly repeating internal structure
Person's name

most

US / məʊst /

•

UK / most /

adverb
Very; extremely
Greatest possible degree
pronoun
Nearly all of something

render

US / ˈrendə(r) /

•

UK / ˈrɛndɚ /

verb
To cause to be in a certain state or condition
To digitally make an image ready for use
To remove the fat from meat while it is cooking
To give or offer something to someone
To show or present something

local

US / ˈləʊkl /

•

UK / ˈloʊkl /

adjecitve
Relating to a particular area, city, or town
noun
Bus or train, that stops at most stations
People who live in the area being discussed
The pub you most frequently go to

february

US / ˈfebruəri /

•

UK / ˈfebrueri /

noun
2nd month of the year

something

US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

adverb
In some degree or measure
noun
a person or thing of some value or consequence
pronoun
Thing that is not yet known or named
Approximately

floor

US / flɔ:(r) /

•

UK / flɔr, flor /

noun
Large area used for a particular purpose
Part of a room on which you stand
Particular level in a building; storey
verb
To hit or push someone to the ground
To surprise or confuse someone who can't respond

college

US / 'kɒlɪdʒ /

•

UK / 'kɑːlɪdʒ /

noun
School or educational institution for adults

nineteen

US / ˌnaɪnˈti:n /

•

UK / naɪnˈtin /

number
19

concept

US / 'kɒnsept /

•

UK / ˈkɑnˌsɛpt /

noun
Abstract idea of something or how it works

come

US / kʌm /

•

UK / kʌm /

verb
To arrive at a place
(Of mail) to be delivered
To move toward someone; go with someone
To reach a certain point or state

paint

US / peɪnt /

•

UK / pent /

noun
Colored liquid you apply with a brush
verb
To make a picture with colored liquids
To describe as
To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

shrug

US / ʃrʌɡ /

•

UK / ʃrʌɡ /

verb
To raise the shoulders to show you don't care

critic

US / 'krɪtɪk /

•

UK / ˈkrɪtɪk /

noun
Person who judges (e.g. art) and gives opinions

industry

US / 'ɪndəstrɪ /

•

UK / ˈɪndəstri /

noun
Hard work; being busy working
Factories or businesses that make certain products

money

US / 'mʌnɪ /

•

UK / ˈmʌni /

noun
Coins or notes we use to pay for things

slash

US / slæʃ /

•

UK / slæʃ /

noun
Line ( / ) used in writing
Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
verb
To cut violently with a sharp object
To decrease something by a large amount

two

US / tu: /

•

UK / tu /

number
2

revolutionary

US / ˌrevə'lu:ʃənərɪ /

•

UK / ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri /

adjecitve
Marking a significant change in something
Relating to a violent replacement of a government
noun
Person fighting to replace a government

real

US / rɪəl /

•

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

adjecitve
Actually existing or happening, not imagined
Being important or special

lot

US / lɒt /

•

UK / lɑt /

noun
What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
A group of people seen together
Item for sale at an auction
Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

hey

US / heɪ /

•

UK / he /

exclamation
What you say when you want someone's attention

imperfect

US / ɪmˈpɜ:fɪkt /

•

UK / ɪmˈpə:fɪkt /

adjecitve
Not being perfect or complete; having a mistake

donna

US / ˈdɔnə /

•

UK / ˈdɑnə, ˈdɔnnɑ /

noun
An Italian woman of rank

finally

US / ˈfaɪnəli /

•

UK / ˈfaɪnəli /

adverb
used especially at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point or idea
After a long time or some difficulty

hate

US / heɪt /

•

UK / het /

noun
Severe, deep sense of dislike or anger
An object that you hate
verb
To have a very strong feeling of dislike for

church

US / tʃɜ:tʃ /

•

UK / tʃɚtʃ /

noun
Building where Christians gather and pray to God
An occasion of Christian religious prayer, worship

help

US / help /

•

UK / hɛlp /

noun
Something given to enable a person to do something
Assistance given to someone in need
Someone who makes something easier or possible
verb
To act to enable a person to do something; assist
To make something better or less difficult

certainly

US / ˈsə:tnli /

•

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

adverb
Sure; of course

kid

US / kɪd /

•

UK / kɪd /

adjecitve
Made from young goat skin
noun
Child or young person
Young goat
verb
To make fun of someone in a gentle way; to tease

aggressive

US / əˈgresɪv /

•

UK / əˈɡrɛsɪv /

adjecitve
Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
Behaving in a hostile and threatening way

experiment

US / ɪk'sperɪmənt /

•

UK / ɪkˈspɛrəmənt /

noun
Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
verb
To create and perform tests to research something
To try something new that you haven't tried before

forty

US / 'fɔ:tɪ /

•

UK / ˈfɔrti /

number
40

company

US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

•

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

noun
Good feeling from being with someone else
A business that sells things or provides services
Guests, especially in your home
Being with another person rather than alone

ten

US / ten /

•

UK / tɛn /

number
10

brad

US / bræd /

•

UK / bræd /

other
A small nail
Fasten with brads

critique

US / krɪˈti:k /

•

UK / krɪˈtik /

noun
A review of the quality of a work
verb
To review the quality of a work

mess

US / mes /

•

UK / mɛs /

noun
Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
verb
To make something untidy or dirty

empower

US / ɪm'paʊə(r) /

•

UK / ɛmˈpaʊɚ /

verb
To give someone a power or ability

effort

US / ˈefət /

•

UK / ˈɛfət /

noun
Amount of work used trying to do something

median

US / ˈmi:diən /

•

UK / ˈmidiən /

adjecitve
Being in the middle or average
noun
Middle of an ordered set of numbers

modest

US / ˈmɒdɪst /

•

UK / ˈmɑdɪst /

adjecitve
Not large in amount, size, etc.; moderate
Not being very large or great, as in effect
Being very proper in dress, manner, and thought

train

US / treɪn /

•

UK / tren /

noun
Line of people, animals moving the same direction
Vehicle that carries people and runs on rails
Long rear section of a (e.g. wedding) dress
Series of events happening one after another
verb
To teach a pet a behavior or a trick
To educate someone in something, e.g. medicine
To cause a plant to grow a certain way by cutting
To point a certain way or toward something
To practice to get better at a thing, e.g. sports

and

US / ənd /

•

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

conjunction
Used to refer to two or more things
Plus; in addition; on top of that
Used to introduce an action that follows another

reduce

US / rɪ'dju:s /

•

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

verb
To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
To make something smaller in size, amount, level

leave

US / li:v /

•

UK / liv /

noun
Permission to do something
Vacation time; time off work
verb
To go away from; depart
To gift property to someone after you die
To allow something to continue happening
To let something remain unused or available
To let something or someone remain somewhere

far

US / fɑ:(r) /

•

UK / fɑr /

adjecitve
A long way away
Being a long way away
adverb
To a large degree or extent

match

US / mætʃ /

•

UK / mætʃ /

noun
Something that is equal to or the same as another
Small stick you strike to light a fire candle etc.
A sports competition between two people or teams
Person or thing that goes well with another
verb
To equal or be as good as something else
To work well or look good with something else

skin

US / skɪn /

•

UK / skɪn /

noun
Outer covering of an animal used for leather; hide
Outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Outer layer of an animal or human
Outer part of an object, such as a plane
verb
To defeat someone easily and completely
To hurt yourself, accidentally cutting yourself
To remove the outer covering from an animal

put

US / pʊt /

•

UK / pʊt /

phrasal verb
to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
verb
To move or place a thing in a particular position
To rate something in importance or value
To write or say something in a certain manner

keep

US / ki:p /

•

UK / kip /

noun
Large, strong tower in the middle of a castle
Money spent on you so you can live in a place
verb
To continue doing something; not to stop
To stop balls going in a goal in sports
To not give back or return something
(Of food) to not spoil or not rot
To take possession of something to own, e.g. a pet
To have and continue to hold something
To do something that you have promised or agreed
To stay in a certain place or condition
To maintain the rules

owner

US / ˈəʊnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈoʊnə(r) /

noun
Person who owns or has something

where

US / hwɛə /

•

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

conjunction
At or in the place which
In whatever place
pronoun
Word you use to ask the location of something

over

US / 'əʊvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈovɚ /

adverb
Finished; no longer happening
Towards the ground/away from a standing position
noun
A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
other
Finished
preposition
Showing the relation when a thing is above another
On or covering something
Above or across something
More than you need
From one side to the other
In the direction of; toward

office

US / ˈɒfɪs /

•

UK / ˈɔ:fɪs /

noun
Room or building used for business
Important job position, often in a government

congrat

US / /

•

UK / /

compensate

US / ˈkɒmpenseɪt /

•

UK / ˈkɑ:mpenseɪt /

verb
To give (money) to as a form of correcting a loss

potter

US / 'pɒtə(r) /

•

UK / 'pɑ:tər /

noun
Someone who makes pots, bowls etc. out of clay
verb
To spend time, e.g. gardening, without hurrying
To make pots, bowls etc. from clay

spectrum

US / 'spektrəm /

•

UK / ˈspɛktrəm /

noun
The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points

from

US / frəm /

•

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

preposition
Starting at a particular place, time or level

mostly

US / ˈməʊstli /

•

UK / ˈmoʊstli /

adverb
In large part; mainly or chiefly

squeeze

US / skwi:z /

•

UK / skwiz /

noun
Amount of liquid from firmly pressing e.g. orange
Act of putting pressure on, as to get liquid out
When there is not enough space for things/people
Act of firmly pressing on two or more sides
verb
To force or threaten someone to give you something
To strongly compress something to get liquid out
To be pressed together or crowded into an area
To press together the opposite sides of something
To reduce the amount of something

meet

US / mi:t /

•

UK / mit /

noun
Sporting competition e.g. swimming
verb
To provide something that is necessary
To come together at a certain time or place

aim

US / eɪm /

•

UK / em /

noun
Act of pointing something at a target
Purpose or goal
verb
To point something at a target
To intend to get a thing or for a thing to happen

crisscross

US / 'krɪsˌkrɒs /

•

UK / 'krɪsˌkrɒs /

other
Marked with crossing lines

hope

US / həʊp /

•

UK / hop /

noun
When you wish something will happen; what you wish
verb
To expect and want something to happen

fifteen

US / ˌfɪfˈti:n /

•

UK / fɪfˈtin /

number
15

dad

US / dæd /

•

UK / dæd /

noun
Another word for father

ago

US / əˈgəʊ /

•

UK / əˈgoʊ /

adverb
At a specified length of time in the past

agree

US / əˈgri: /

•

UK / əˈɡri /

verb
To have the same opinion as someone else

act

US / ækt /

•

UK / ækt /

noun
What someone did; action; behavior
A law or rule passed by a government we must obey
One of the parts that a stage play is divided into
verb
To behave in a certain way
To perform on a stage or in a movie

dinner

US / ˈdɪnə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɪnɚ /

noun
Main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening

they

US / ðeɪ /

•

UK / ðe /

pronoun
Two or more people, animals, or things

implement

US / ˈɪmplɪment /

•

UK / ˈɪmpləmənt /

noun
A tool
verb
To start to do something you plan to do

topic

US / 'tɒpɪk /

•

UK / ˈtɑpɪk /

noun
Subject or issue people talk or write about

asset

US / 'æset /

•

UK / ˈæsˌɛt /

noun
Thing that has value to you

tie

US / taɪ /

•

UK / taɪ /

noun
Item, such as string or wire, used to join things
Strong connection between people, countries
When both sides in a game, vote get same score
One match or game that is part of a bigger contest
Something that lessens a person's freedom
Thin piece of cloth worn round neck of shirt
Piece of wood/metal used to stop something moving
verb
To attach things (together) with a string or rope
To end a game, contest or vote with the same score
To require someone to be in a specific place

chance

US / tʃɑ:ns /

•

UK / tʃæns /

adjecitve
Happening by luck; not planned
Taking a risk to try something
noun
The way something happens without planning
An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
The possibility that something will happen
verb
To occur just through luck; happen
To take a risk to try something

thank

US / θæŋk /

•

UK / θæŋk /

verb
To tell someone you are grateful to them

look

US / lʊk /

•

UK / lʊk /

noun
Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
The way someone, something appears to be
Act of searching for or examining something
verb
To appear to be; seem

payoff

US / 'peɪɔ:f /

•

UK / ˈpeˌɔf, -ˌɑf /

noun
Final payment of a debt

throw

US / θrəʊ /

•

UK / θroʊ /

noun
Arm movement to make a thing fly through the air
Loose cloth or blanket (usually over a chair)
Forcibly putting someone on the ground
verb
To use your arm to make something fly in the air
To move part of your body suddenly and forcefully
To confuse or upset someone
(E.g. judo) to forcibly put someone on the ground
To put something somewhere suddenly and roughly

human

US / 'hju:mən /

•

UK / ˈhjumən /

adjecitve
Concerning or characteristic of people
noun
A person; a man, woman or child

country

US / ˈkʌntri /

•

UK / ˈkʌntri /

noun
An area of land that is controlled by a government
Open land that is away from towns and cities

daughter

US / ˈdɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɔtɚ /

adjecitve
(Of a company) being a subsidiary of another firm
noun
A female child of someone

devastate

US / 'devəsteɪt /

•

UK / ˈdɛvəˌstet /

verb
To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

sleep

US / sli:p /

•

UK / slip /

noun
Substance in a person's eyes after waking up
Period of time during which a person is asleep
verb
To have enough beds for
To rest your body in bed, as at night time

characterization

US / ˌkærəktəraɪˈzeɪʃn /

•

UK / ˌkærəktəraɪ'zeɪʃn /

noun
The way someone or something is described

change

US / tʃeɪndʒ /

•

UK / tʃendʒ /

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else
verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

sale

US / seɪl /

•

UK / sel /

noun
Event during which the prices of goods are reduced
Giving something for money; the amount sold

very

US / 'verɪ /

•

UK / ˈvɛri /

adjecitve
Concerning a large degree or amount
adverb
A lot; much; many
Used to stress or emphasize a noun

way

US / weɪ /

•

UK / we /

adverb
Used to emphasize the amount of something
noun
Particular aspect of something being thought about
One of various choices that could be made
Particular existing condition or state
(Often long) distance or length of time
How something is done
Route to go to a place
Small street
Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

outcome

US / ˈaʊtkʌm /

•

UK / ˈaʊtˌkʌm /

noun
Something that happens as a result, consequence

workforce

US / ˈwɜ:kˌfɔ:s /

•

UK / ˈwə:kˌfɔrs /

noun
The total number of working people

common

US / 'kɒmən /

•

UK / ˈkɑmən /

adjecitve
Shared; Belonging to or used by everyone
Typical, normal; not unusual
noun
Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
Field near a village owned by the local community

everything

US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

•

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

pronoun
All of the things mentioned

encourage

US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ /

•

UK / ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr- /

verb
To increase the chance of something happening
To make someone more determined or confident

palatable

US / ˈpælətəbl /

•

UK / ˈpælətəbəl /

adjecitve
Acceptable to the taste or mind

fast

US / fɑ:st /

•

UK / fæst /

adjecitve
In a way that is difficult to move or change
Moving or able to move quickly
Showing time that is later than the actual time
adverb
With a great deal of speed
noun
Period of time when a person chooses not to eat
verb
To refuse food for a long time

guarantee

US / ˌɡærən'ti: /

•

UK / ˌɡærənˈti /

noun
A promise to repair a broken product
Promise that something will be done as expected
verb
To promise to repair a broken product
To promise that something will happen or be done
To promise to pay if another person fails to do so

bring

US / brɪŋ /

•

UK / brɪŋ /

verb
To take or go with someone to a place

pocket

US / 'pɒkɪt /

•

UK / ˈpɑkɪt /

adjecitve
(As if) small enough to fit in your pocket
noun
Small cloth bag sewn into clothing to hold things
Area of space
verb
To put something into your pocket
To take or hide something illegally

who

US / hu: /

•

UK / hu /

pronoun
Which person
Used to introduce information about people

update

US / ˌʌpˈdeɪt /

•

UK / ʌpˈdet /

noun
Addition of a current version of something
New information or data to make more current
verb
To download the latest version of software
To make more current or modern

top

US / tɒp /

•

UK / tɑp /

adjecitve
Being good or great; excellent
Being the most in degree or quality
noun
Item of clothing covering shoulders to waist, hips
A cover or lid
Part (e.g. road) that is the furthest away
Highest or upper part or point of something
Best or highest status or position
Flat upper surface or edge of an object
Child's toy that spins on its point
Upper section or leaves of fruits and vegetables
Winning in a sport or contest
verb
To be higher or larger than a specific value
To arrive at the highest point of something
To put a cover or layer or over something
To kill; murder
To hold the highest position on a list
To be more important, successful or better than
To beat someone or win at a game

audience

US / ˈɔ:diəns /

•

UK / ˈɔdiəns /

noun
Group of people attending a play, movie etc.

pay

US / peɪ /

•

UK / pe /

noun
Money you receive from your job, work, etc.
verb
To give money for goods or work done
To give (attention, respect, etc.) to
To be punished or suffer for something you did
To make (a visit) to a person or place

their

US / ðɛː /

•

UK / ðer /

determiner
Belonging to them

gain

US / ɡeɪn /

•

UK / ɡen /

noun
An increase in something, such as weight
verb
To increase in something, such as weight
To get something wanted, needed or valued

worker

US / ˈwɜ:kə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:rkə(r) /

noun
Person who works

take

US / teɪk /

•

UK / tek /

noun
Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
verb
To accept something that is offered
To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
To use a camera to make (a photo)
To pick up something and go away with it
To study a subject in school
To attempt to pass (an exam)
To require a certain amount of time, money, space

its

US / ɪts /

•

UK / ɪts /

adjecitve
Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
determiner
Of something; belonging or related to something
other
Possessive form of “it”

payout

US / ˈpeɪaʊt /

•

UK / ˈpeˌaʊt /

noun
Final payment of a debt or prize

all

US / ɔ:l /

•

UK / ɔl /

adverb
Completely; totally
determiner
Being every one of something
pronoun
100% of something; the complete amount

stake

US / steɪk /

•

UK / stek /

noun
Share/interest in the success of a business, etc.
Money bet in a game that can be won or lost
The share you have in a company
Post stuck in the ground you can tie things to
verb
To bet or wager on an outcome
To risk something important by taking a risk

worry

US / ˈwʌri /

•

UK / ˈwɜ:ri /

noun
Something that causes trouble or concern
verb
To cause concern or trouble over something

work

US / wɜ:k /

•

UK / wɚk /

adjecitve
Activity completed in order to make money
noun
The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
Everything created by an author, artist, musician
Activity you do in order to make money
Place of employment
Final product or result of a some labor or effort
verb
To bring into a specific state of success
To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
To do your job in your company or workplace
To make an effort to do something
To operate a machine or device

exotic

US / ɪɡ'zɒtɪk /

•

UK / ɪɡ'zɑ:tɪk /

adjecitve
Being very different or unusual
Strange because from a different area of the world

fake

US / feɪk /

•

UK / fek /

adjecitve
Not real; made to look like something real
noun
A copy of something made to trick people
verb
To make move in sports to trick a player
To try to trick or deceive someone

ripple

US / 'rɪpl /

•

UK / ˈrɪpəl /

noun
Small gentle low wave on the surface of water, etc.
Sound/noise/laughter that changes in volume
Feeling or emotion that spreads through a person
verb
To travel or move as small, gentle waves
To be spread through a person or group

between

US / bɪˈtwi:n /

•

UK / bɪˈtwin /

preposition
From one person, thing, or place, to another
In the space that separates two objects
Among two or more people who share something

heart

US / hɑ:t /

•

UK / hɑrt /

noun
A feeling of care for others; compassion
Courage, confidence, and emotional strength
Be cheerfully encouraging
Most essential, important, or central part
Referring to a promise or something important
State or feelings of affection or deep love
Core part of a vegetable, e.g. a lettuce
The part of the body that pumps blood
Place where emotions are believed to be felt
A shape that represents love

announce

US / əˈnaʊns /

•

UK / əˈnaʊns /

verb
To make a public statement about a plan, decision

movement

US / ˈmu:vmənt /

•

UK / ˈmuvmənt /

noun
Part of a piece of classical music
Group with a shared interest or goal
Group sharing the same idea to change society, art
Action you do when exercising, e.g. in a gym
Part of a piece of music

americana

US / əˌmerɪˈkɑ:nə /

•

UK / ɑˌmɛriˈkɑnɑ /

other
Any artifact (such as books or furniture or art) that is distinctive of America

productivity

US / ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti /

•

UK / ˌprɑ:dʌkˈtɪvəti /

noun
Rate at which people or machines produce

wealth

US / welθ /

•

UK / wɛlθ /

noun
Amount of money or possessions you own, e.g. large
Great quantity, amount, or number of something

both

US / bəuθ /

•

UK / boθ /

determiner
Used to refer to two things at the same time
pronoun
Used to refer to two things at the same time

general

US / 'dʒenrəl /

•

UK / ˈdʒɛnərəl /

adjecitve
Widespread, normal or usual
noun
Top ranked officer in the army

figure

US / ˈfiɡə /

•

UK / ˈfɪɡjɚ /

noun
Your body shape
Numbers in a calculation
Doll-like thing meant to represent a person
Picture or diagram giving information in a text
Person who is very important or famous
Shape of a person seen indistinctly or in outline
Amount that is expressed in numbers
verb
To appear in a game, play or event
To calculate how much something will cost
To understand after thinking; work out

nonprofit

US / ˌnɒn'prɒfɪt /

•

UK / nɑnˈprɑfɪt /

adjecitve
Not commercially motivated; charitable

customer

US / ˈkʌstəmə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌstəmɚ /

noun
Someone who buys goods or services from a business

america

US / ə'merɪkə /

•

UK / əˈmɛrɪkə /

noun
The United States of America; North America and/or South America

polished

US / ˈpɒlɪʃt /

•

UK / ˈpɑlɪʃt /

other
To improve by practicing or working on it
verb
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
To improve by practicing or working on it

risk

US / rɪsk /

•

UK / rɪsk /

noun
Actions that cause potential problems
verb
To do something potentially dangerous or foolish

simple

US / 'sɪmpl /

•

UK / ˈsɪmpəl /

adjecitve
Not hard to understand or do; not complex
Having only a few parts; not complex
Being ordinary or normal
Being plain; without a lot added for style

salary

US / ˈsæləri /

•

UK / ˈsæləri, ˈsælri /

noun
Money an employee is paid each month

dollar

US / ˈdɒlə(r) /

•

UK / ˈdɑ:lə(r) /

noun
A basic unit of money equal to 100 cent

stockholder

US / ˈstɒkhəʊldə(r) /

•

UK / ˈstɑ:khoʊldə(r) /

noun
Someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation

society

US / sə'saɪətɪ /

•

UK / səˈsaɪɪti /

noun
A group who meet to share values or interests
Group of people living together
Upper class of a community

mid

US / mɪd /

•

UK / mɪd /

adjecitve
At (or near) the middle point

return

US / rɪ'tɜ:n /

•

UK / rɪ'tɜ:rn /

adjecitve
Do again; repeated
noun
Faulty or unwanted product sent back to a company
Enter key; the main key on the computer keyboard
Profit made as a result of a business activity
Process of going back to a previous way or state
verb
To hit something back to the other player or team
To come back after being away from somewhere
To repay someone's actions, kindness etc.
To put, bring, take, give, or send something back
To occur again

could

US / kəd /

•

UK / kʊd /

other
Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

holy

US / 'həʊlɪ /

•

UK / ˈholi /

adjecitve
Being good according to religious standards

before

US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

•

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

adverb
At a time earlier than the present; previously
conjunction
In advance of something happening
preposition
In front of someone or something

public

US / 'pʌblɪk /

•

UK / ˈpʌblɪk /

adjecitve
Owned by the government
Concerning society in general
Being available or accessible to people in general
Known or able to be known by all people

ceremony

US / 'serəmənɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɛrəˌmoni /

noun
Special social or religious event
Rigidly formal way of behaving

problem

US / ˈprɒbləm /

•

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

adjecitve
Causing trouble
noun
Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
Question to show understanding of a math concept

corporate

US / ˈkɔ:pərət /

•

UK / ˈkɔrpərɪt, ˈkɔrprɪt /

adjecitve
Concerning (usually large) companies

cover

US / 'kʌvə(r) /

•

UK / ˈkʌvɚ /

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements
verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

hear

US / hɪə(r) /

•

UK / hɪr /

verb
To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
To be told or find out information or facts
To consider or listen to a court case

philanthropy

US / fɪˈlænθrəpi /

•

UK / fɪˈlænθrəpi /

noun
Giving away of money for charity

town

US / taʊn /

•

UK / taʊn /

noun
Small city
Part of city with shops and entertainments

relation

US / rɪˈleɪʃn /

•

UK / rɪˈleɪʃn /

noun
Connection between two or more things
A member of your family
Way in which two or more things are connected

know

US / nəʊ /

•

UK / noʊ /

verb
To be familiar with a person or place, thing
To feel sure or be convinced about something
To discover or be aware of something
To be able to distinguish
To have knowledge of things

model

US / ˈmɒdl /

•

UK / ˈmɑ:dl /

adjecitve
Being an excellent example of
noun
Person who wears fashion to show it to the public
A small scale copy of a full original
verb
To wear and display clothes at a fashion show
To make a small scale copy of a full original

sector

US / ˈsektə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsɛktɚ, -ˌtɔr /

noun
Part that a place is divided into
Area; type of industry or business

community

US / kə'mju:nətɪ /

•

UK / kəˈmjunɪti /

noun
Group of people who share a common idea or area

traditionally

US / trə'dɪʃənəlɪ /

•

UK / trə'dɪʃənəlɪ /

adverb
Something done in a customary, traditional manner

hundred

US / 'hʌndrəd /

•

UK / ˈhʌndrɪd /

number
100

see

US / si: /

•

UK / si /

verb
To go on a date with someone
To predict whether something is, or will be true
To understand what someone says
To use your eyes to look at something
To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
To visit or meet with someone
To find out by waiting or looking
To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

curious

US / ˈkjʊəriəs /

•

UK / ˈkjʊriəs /

adjecitve
Wanting to know more about something
Attracting interest by being strange or unusual

often

US / ˈɔfən /

•

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

adverb
Many times; frequently; on many occasions

end

US / end /

•

UK / ɛnd /

noun
The point where a process or activity stops
A point that marks the limit of something; finish
Goal or desired result
The tip, edge or limit of something
verb
To be the last part of something

have

US / həv /

•

UK / hæv /

verb
To drink, smoke, eat or use something
To experience the effects of something
To organize an event, or join in an activity
To own, possess, or hold something
To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

chicago

US / ʃɪ'kɑ:gəʊ, -'kɔ:- /

•

UK / ʃɪ'kɑ:ɡoʊˌ -'kɔ:- /

proper noun
A city in northeastern Illinois, on Lake Michigan; population 2,853,114 (est. 2008). Chicago develop

clear

US / klɪə(r) /

•

UK / klɪr /

adjecitve
Empty; without anything in it or on it
Being certain and without doubt
Being without any streaks, spots, or cracks
Easy to understand; well-explained; obvious
adverb
Completely; entirely; through the whole of
Away from; free from
verb
To recover from or remove a problem
To get rid of the entire contents of
To give permission for something to happen
To make a place or surface empty by removing
To prove that someone is not guilty or to blame

social

US / ˈsəuʃəl /

•

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

adjecitve
Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
Liking being with other people; friendly
Living together and depending on each other

moment

US / 'məʊmənt /

•

UK / 'moʊmənt /

noun
Very short or brief period of time
A particular period in time

challenge

US / 'tʃælɪndʒ /

•

UK / ˈtʃæləndʒ /

noun
An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
Act of formally inviting someone to compete
A question to determine correctness of something
verb
To formally invite someone to compete at something
To question the correctness of something

father

US / ˈfɑ:ðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈfɑðɚ /

noun
A male parent
Man who is the first to do or invent something
verb
To create a child by making a woman pregnant

lawmaker

US / ˈlɔ:meɪkə(r) /

•

UK / ˈlɔˌmekɚ /

noun
Politicians who make new laws

break

US / breɪk /

•

UK / brek /

noun
Time you stop an activity before continuing
End of a relationship
An escape from a place such as a jail
(Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
Change in the weather
verb
To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
To form a crack in something
To burst or become damaged
To end a relationship
To escape from a place such as a jail
To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
To act against a law, rule, or promise
To become known suddenly, as in the news
To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
To solve a crime, or answer a problem
To stop functioning properly
To suddenly start, open or commence
To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
To fall on the shore, as in waves
To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

plan

US / plæn /

•

UK / plæn /

noun
Drawing of how something should be done or made

with

US / wɪð /

•

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

preposition
As an employee of a certain company
Against something or someone
By using something as a means
Due to; because of
Including
Possessing as a feature
Related to
(Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
Used to express that people or things are together

his

US / hɪz /

•

UK / hɪz /

pronoun
Something belonging to a male person

unlikely

US / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

•

UK / ʌnˈlaɪkli /

adjecitve
Not seeming suitable for a particular purpose
adverb
Not likely to happen; not likely to be the truth

world

US / wɜ:ld /

•

UK / wɜrld /

noun
All the humans, events, activities on the earth
Political division due to some kind of similarity

substance

US / 'sʌbstəns /

•

UK / ˈsʌbstəns /

noun
Essence of; most basic or central qualities
Particular type of material
Having material form; existing
Quality of truth, importance, or meaningfulness

unbelievably

US / ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəblɪ /

•

UK / ˌʌnbɪˈlivəblɪ /

adverb
Very; exceptionally

estimate

US / 'estɪmət /

•

UK / ˈɛstəˌmet /

noun
Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
verb
To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of

dignify

US / ˈdɪgnɪfaɪ /

•

UK / ˈdɪɡnəˌfaɪ /

verb
To raise the respect and status of

construction

US / kən'strʌkʃn /

•

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured

debbie

US / ˈdraʊzi /

•

UK / ˈdraʊzi /

part

US / pɑ:t /

•

UK / pɑ:rt /

adjecitve
To some degree; half; not fully
noun
Division of a book
Ratio of something, e.g. 3 of gin, 1 of tonic
A line in a person's hair, made with a comb
Character an actor plays on stage, movie, or TV
Some, but not all of a specific thing
Role in causing something to happen
verb
To make a line in a person's hair, by using a comb
To move two things apart creating a space
To leave someone, or to break off a relationship

government

US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

•

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

noun
Group of people and system that rule a nation

steady

US / 'stedɪ /

•

UK / ˈstɛdi /

adjecitve
Happening or developing at a regular rate
Continuing without stopping or changing over time
Firmly fixed or supported; not likely to fall over
noun
Your boyfriend or girlfriend
verb
To make constant, unchanging or staying the same
To hold something/someone so they stop moving

gather

US / ˈgæðə(r) /

•

UK / ˈɡæðɚ /

noun
Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
verb
To bring objects together into one place
(Of liquids) To come to a head, as in boil
To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
To increase or accumulate
To bring people, animals together into a group
To activate strength, courage to prepare for task
To understand or believe some information

six

US / sɪks /

•

UK / sɪks /

number
6

station

US / 'steɪʃn /

•

UK / ˈsteʃən /

noun
Building, area, place used for a specific reason
A person's place in society
Place where you can catch a train or a bus
Company that broadcasts radio or TV programs
verb
(Army) to be posted to a place to perform duties
To put a person in a certain place or position

summon

US / 'sʌmən /

•

UK / ˈsʌmən /

verb
To order someone to come, e.g. to a court of law

layoff

US / 'leɪɔ:f /

•

UK / ˈleˌ ɔf /

noun
Act of sacking employees when work is lacking

unexpected

US / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

•

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

adjecitve
Surprising because it was not expected

bear

US / bɛː /

•

UK / bɛr /

noun
Large brown animal with fur that lives in forests
Someone who expects stock market to fall
verb
To accept (responsibilities or duties)
To give birth to a child; to produce fruit
To accept or suffer the weight of difficulties
To keep moving left or right while going forward
To show (sign of something)
To support the weight of something, e.g. a bridge

yawn

US / jɔ:n /

•

UK / jɔn /

noun
Opening the mouth wide and take a deep breath
Thing or event that causes boredom
verb
To open the mouth wide and take a deep breath

economic

US / ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk /

•

UK / ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə- /

adjecitve
Concerning trade, industry, and money

cutback

US / ˈkʌtbæk /

•

UK / ˈkʌtˌbæk /

noun
Reduction in quantity or rate

almost

US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

•

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

adverb
Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

sixty

US / 'sɪkstɪ /

•

UK / ˈsɪksti /

number
60

percent

US / pə'sent /

•

UK / pɚˈsɛnt /

adverb
One one-hundredth of a whole; the symbol %

cohabitate

US / /

•

UK / /

twelve

US / twelv /

•

UK / twɛlv /

number
12

count

US / kaʊnt /

•

UK / kaʊnt /

noun
Number of things added together, e.g. votes
With the number of crimes, knockouts, as stated
verb
To add things together to find the total number
To matter or be important
To include someone or something in a final number

glean

US / gli:n /

•

UK / ɡlin /

verb
To gather something slowly or piece by piece
To gather grain remaining after main crop was cut

those

US / ðəʊz /

•

UK / ðoz /

determiner
The people or things we are talking about
pronoun
The objects far from the speaker

door

US / dɔ:(r) /

•

UK / dɔr,dor /

noun
You walk through this when you go in a room

specialize

US / ˈspeʃəlaɪz /

•

UK / ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz /

verb
To focus on one area of a field or profession
To change to fit your environment
To name something individually

rich

US / rɪtʃ /

•

UK / rɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Having a lot of money or valuable possessions
Containing a lot of exciting events or experiences and therefore very interesting
(of a color, sound, smell, etc.) Pleasantly deep or strong
If food is rich, it contains a large amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream.

soon

US / su:n /

•

UK / sun /

adverb
At a time not long from now

definitely

US / ˈdefɪnətli /

•

UK / ˈdefɪnətli /

adverb
Without question; beyond doubt

success

US / sək'ses /

•

UK / səkˈsɛs /

noun
Achievement of a desired purpose or goal
A successful person; one who achieved their aims

middle

US / 'mɪdl /

•

UK / ˈmidl /

adjecitve
Equal distance from extremes
noun
Place that is halfway between two things

just

US / dʒʌst /

•

UK / dʒʌst /

adjecitve
Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
Doing or being what is right or fair
Legally correct; having enough evidence
adverb
Almost; nearly
Exactly at the time of
Exactly (the same as, like)

hour

US / 'aʊə(r) /

•

UK / aʊr /

noun
60 minutes
Particular time of the day
Fixed, regularly occurring time

mirage

US / 'mɪrɑ:ʒ /

•

UK / mɪˈrɑʒ /

noun
Thing you think you can see but not really there

cow

US / kaʊ /

•

UK / kaʊ /

noun
Large farm animal from which we get milk and beef
verb
To make afraid or ashamed; intimidate

meaningful

US / 'mi:nɪŋfl /

•

UK / ˈminɪŋfəl /

adjecitve
Having importance; showing someone's intention

personal

US / ˈpɜ:sənl /

•

UK / ˈpɚsənəl /

adjecitve
Done by or to a particular person; individual
Concerning a person's private life or feelings

struggle

US / 'strʌɡl /

•

UK / ˈstrʌɡəl /

noun
Strong efforts made to do something difficult
verb
To try very hard to do something difficult

send

US / send /

•

UK / sɛnd /

verb
To cause to behave or respond in a particular way
To cause mail or packages to go to another place
To move something quickly in a particular way
To give information or greetings to someone

immediate

US / ɪˈmi:diət /

•

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

adjecitve
Being the very next to or just after
Done without delay; straight away

rank

US / ræŋk /

•

UK / ræŋk /

adjecitve
Complete and total; very obvious
Growing out of control
(Of a smell) very bad; pungent; stinking
noun
Group of people with a certain level of status
Level or position, as in society/sport competition
A place for taxis to wait for customers
Row in which people stand side by side, as in army
verb
To rate or class things
To assign a level or status, as of importance, to
To put items into a sequence, e.g. of importance

smart

US / smɑ:t /

•

UK / smɑ:rt /

adjecitve
Fashionable; well-dressed; well-groomed
Looking clean, neat and stylish
(Of phones, weapons) with clever features
Associated with rich, popular and stylish people
Clever; with intelligence
adverb
Energetic or quick in motion or movement
In a clever way; with intelligence
noun
Feeling of being hurt and upset
Sharp, burning pain
verb
To feel hurt or upset
To hurt with an unexpected sharp or burning pain

purchase

US / ˈpɜːtʃəs /

•

UK / ˈpɜːrtʃəs /

noun
Something that you bought
Strong hold on something; grip
verb
To buy something; to get by paying money for it

crisis

US / 'kraɪsɪs /

•

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

noun
Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

wonder

US / 'wʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwʌndɚ /

noun
Surprise caused by experiencing something amazing
verb
To feel curious about something
To think or consider about something over time

somewhere

US / 'sʌmweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈsʌmˌhwɛr, -ˌwɛr /

adverb
At or to an unknown or unnamed place

exact

US / ɪɡ'zækt /

•

UK / ɪɡˈzækt /

adjecitve
Completely correct; accurate; specific
verb
To get something, sometimes using force

carrot

US / ˈkærət /

•

UK / ˈkærət /

noun
Reward offered to make someone do something
Long hard orange vegetable that grows underground

financial

US / faɪˈnænʃl /

•

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

adjecitve
Involving money

scrap

US / skræp /

•

UK / skræp /

adjecitve
Unneeded and thrown away
noun
A fight with someone
Small piece of something especially paper or cloth
other
Wasted things such as metal
verb
To fight with someone

mike

US / maɪk /

•

UK / maɪk /

intransitive verb
Idle away one's time.
noun
A microphone.
A period of idleness.
A code word representing the letter M, used in radio communication.
transitive verb
Place a microphone close to (someone or something) or in (a place)

farm

US / fɑ:m /

•

UK / fɑ:rm /

noun
Land used for growing crops or raising animals
verb
To use land for raising plants or animals for food

check

US / tʃek /

•

UK / tʃɛk /

adjecitve
Decorated with squares made up of lines
noun
Paper showing how much you owe at a restaurant
Printed piece of paper you sign to pay for things
A mark on a form, equivalent to 'yes'; tick
Mark used to show that something is correct
Procedure to prevent errors or control something
verb
To confirm the details of something are correct
To leave your things with staff who look after it
To examine something to see if something is wrong
To examine in order to prevent errors/a problem

chi

US / kaɪ /

•

UK / kaɪ /

noun
Nd letter of the Greek alphabet

head

US / hed /

•

UK / hɛd /

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river
verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

much

US / mʌtʃ /

•

UK / mʌtʃ /

adjecitve
Very; to a high level or degree
adverb
A lot; large amount; a high degree of
Nearly; basically
On many occasions; often
noun
A large amount; a great quantity

myself

US / maɪˈself /

•

UK / maɪˈsɛlf /

pronoun
The same person who did the action mentioned
My regular, usual, or healthy self

why

US / waɪ /

•

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

adverb
Question word to ask for a reason
exclamation
(Used to express surprise or approval)

technology

US / tek'nɒlədʒɪ /

•

UK / tɛkˈnɑlədʒi /

noun
Use or knowledge of science in industry etc.

leg

US / leɡ /

•

UK / lɛɡ /

noun
Part of the body from the hips down
The piece of furniture that touches the ground

grant

US / ɡrɑ:nt /

•

UK / ɡrænt /

noun
Money given for education or research
Person's name
verb
To admit an opinion is true but not fully agreeing
To give or let someone do what they want

gospel

US / ˈgɒspl /

•

UK / ˈgɑ:spl /

noun
Book of the New Testament in Christian teaching

donate

US / dəʊ'neɪt /

•

UK / ˈdoˌnet, doˈnet /

verb
To give money, etc. to charity, party, etc.

few

US / fju: /

•

UK / fju /

pronoun
Not many, a small number

spend

US / spend /

•

UK / spɛnd /

verb
To use money to pay for something
To use time in order to do something
To use up something completely

job

US / dʒɒb /

•

UK / dʒɑ:b /

noun
Something that must be done
Regular work at which you earn money

time

US / taɪm /

•

UK / taɪm /

noun
Speed at which music is played; tempo
Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
Occasion when something happens
Period or occasion that something occurred
Period in history or the past
Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
How long an event takes; duration
verb
To check speed at which music is performed
To choose a specific moment to do something
To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

set

US / set /

•

UK / sɛt /

adjecitve
Prepared for something; ready
noun
Complete group of something
Place where a television show or movie is filmed
Group of games in a tennis match
Device that receives radio or television signals
verb
To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
To decide upon or choose something
To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
To decide on a price for something
To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
To be located in a specific place or time
To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
To put someone in a certain condition or state
(Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

anywhere

US / ˈeniweə(r) /

•

UK / ˈeniwer /

adverb
To any extent or degree (often used with not)
In, at or to any place
other
Use to indicate limits or variation

wealthy

US / ˈwelθi /

•

UK / ˈwɛlθi /

adjecitve
Having a great quantity of money or property

quality

US / 'kwɒlətɪ /

•

UK / ˈkwɑlɪti /

noun
Feature associated with someone or something
High level of worth or excellence

promise

US / 'prɒmɪs /

•

UK / ˈprɑmɪs /

verb
To say you will certainly do something

difference

US / 'dɪfrəns /

•

UK / ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns /

noun
A thing or issue that people do not agree about
Not of the same kind; unlike other things

grow

US / ɡrəʊ /

•

UK / ɡro /

verb
To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
To improve; to develop better skills over time
To develop and become bigger or taller over time

never

US / 'nevə(r) /

•

UK / ˈnɛvɚ /

adverb
Not ever; not at any time

handout

US / ˈhændaʊt /

•

UK / ˈhændˌaʊt /

noun
A piece of paper with information given in class
something such as food, clothing, or money that is given free to someone who has a great need for it

afterwards

US / 'ɑ:ftəwədz /

•

UK / 'æftərwərdz /

adverb
At a time after something else already mentioned

though

US / ðəu /

•

UK / ðo /

adverb
Although, despite the fact that

rockwell

US / 'rɒkɪŋ /

•

UK / 'rɒkɪŋ /

window

US / ˈwɪndəʊ /

•

UK / ˈwɪndoʊ /

noun
Opening in a wall or door to let in light
Opening in a wall through which people do business

manufacture

US / ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə(r) /

•

UK / ˌmænjəˈfæktʃɚ /

verb
To produce large numbers of products in a factory
To create a story or explanation that is not true

pitch

US / pɪtʃ /

•

UK / pɪtʃ /

adjecitve
Very dark black color
noun
Act of throwing a baseball for someone to hit
Playing fields in sports, e.g. for soccer
Attempt to sell/persuade someone of the value of
Degree of slope on e.g. a plane's wing
Measure of how high or low a sound is
Black substance that is very stick when heated
verb
To suggest a product, idea to make someone buy
To throw a baseball to a batter
To plunge or fall forward or headlong
To set up a camp or tent for a length of time
To attempt to sell something to someone
To set a sound to a certain level

water

US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

•

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

noun
Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
Large area such as an ocean or sea
verb
(Of the eyes) to produce tears
(Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

well

US / wel /

•

UK / wɛl /

adjecitve
Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
Healthy and in good condition
adverb
In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
In a complete, total, or full manner
A great and considerable degree
In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
exclamation
Used to begin or continue a particular statement
Used to show you want to start saying something
Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
You say this to change the topic of a conversation
Used to indicate you are making a final remark
noun
Long deep hole in the ground to get water
verb
To cause your eyes to fill with tears

talk

US / tɔ:k /

•

UK / tɔk /

noun
Style of speaking
Discussion between two countries
Giving information in front of people; lecture
Saying things or ideas to someone with words
verb
To make a formal speech about something
To say things or ideas to someone with words

sputter

US / ˈspʌtə(r) /

•

UK / ˈspʌtɚ /

verb
(E.g. of an engine) to make an explosive sound

compound

US / 'kɒmpaʊnd /

•

UK / kɑmˈpaUnd /

adjecitve
(Of a term) created by combining two or more words
noun
Series of buildings that are walled or fenced off
Chemical made up of several others
Closed walled area, as in a prison
Something formed by combining elements/parts
Term created by using two or more words together
verb
To pay interest on a loan including the interest
To make something from various parts or components
To make a mistake or problem worse

depend

US / dɪˈpend /

•

UK / dɪˈpend /

verb
Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

protection

US / prəˈtekʃn /

•

UK / prəˈtɛkʃən /

noun
Being kept from harm
Something that defends against harm or danger

fact

US / fækt /

•

UK / fækt /

noun
Something that is known or proved to be true

for

US / fə(r) /

•

UK / fɔr,fə /

preposition
Used to show the purpose, or need of something

standard

US / 'stændəd /

•

UK / ˈstændəd /

adjecitve
Being the accepted normal level of quality
(Of a language) being the most accepted in a place
noun
Official unit of measuring something
Principle of behaving in a moral way

benefit

US / 'benɪfɪt /

•

UK / ˈbɛnəfɪt /

noun
Good result or effect, something advantageous
verb
To have a good effect or be helpful

trace

US / treɪs /

•

UK / tres /

noun
Very small quantity of something
verb
To make an outline to determine a shape
To find someone or something that has disappeared
To draw the outline of an image through thin paper

under

US / ˈʌndə(r) /

•

UK / ˈʌndɚ /

adjecitve
In the same place as another thing, but lower
adverb
In a lower quantity or price than expected
preposition
According to the terms of an agreement or law
Managed or controlled by the authority of
Being of a lesser quality or amount than expected
Influenced or affected by something or someone
Less or lower in age, amount, size or number

start

US / stɑ:t /

•

UK / stɑrt /

noun
First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
Sudden action or movement because you are scared
other
Beginning of something in place or time
verb
To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
To turn something on

dangle

US / ˈdæŋgl /

•

UK / ˈdæŋɡəl /

verb
To hang loosely in the air; hold a thing like this

garage

US / 'ɡærɑ:ʒ /

•

UK / ɡəˈrɑʒ, -ˈrɑdʒ /

noun
Place for keeping a car

card

US / kɑ:d /

•

UK / kɑ:rd /

noun
One of 54 pieces of paper used in a game of cards
Small piece of paper or plastic used as ID
verb
(Golf) to record how many hits you took

ownership

US / ˈəʊnəʃɪp /

•

UK / ˈoʊnərʃɪp /

noun
State of having a legal right to possess something

sound

US / saʊnd /

•

UK / saʊnd /

adjecitve
Sensible, dependable and reliable
Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
Firm or solid in structure
Sane; not mentally ill
Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
noun
Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
verb
To seem or appear to be, from what was said
To say in a clear deliberate manner
To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

Subtitles section

Fifty years ago, CEOs earned around twenty times the median worker's salary.

Today's CEO can make in a day what the average laborer earns in a year.

No wonder there's not so much a wealth gap as a wealth canyon, rendering the American Dream, for so many, a mirage.

Into this crisis strides Pete Stavros, unlikely champion for empowering and enriching the rank and file.

Stavros is a heavyweight in the world of private equity, an industry famous for its ruthlessness.

Yet he's emerged as the leading evangelist for the concept of employee ownership.

His idea?

Take the same incentives that have long helped the C suite get rich and apply them to the folks working factories, flatbeds, and farms.

The story will continue in a moment.

Norman Rockwell never did paint Arthur, Illinois, but what a canvas of Americana beating slow in the heart of the heartland.

This town of twenty two hundred sits in a pocket of Amish country, a place where past and present cohabitate.

Not long ago, Arthur was the unlikely site of a daring experiment in American capitalism.

CHI Overhead Doors, which manufactures garage doors, was founded by a local Amish carpenter.

Then, in the year of the carpenter, KKR, one of the world's biggest private equity firms, came to this small town and purchased CHI for seven hundred million dollars.

That's when Brad Edwards, a nineteen year veteran of the factory floor, and his wife Crystal started Googling the new corporate overlords.

What'd you learn?

To me it seemed like they owned half the world, right?

You know?

And then the rumors start going around like this is big New York private equity.

They're going to skin this down to the bare bones until they can squeeze a few bucks off of us and whenever they leave there's going to be nothing left.

Today, roughly twelve million Americans are employed by companies owned by private equity, firms like KKR that specialize in buying businesses with the goal of improving performance and value and ultimately reselling for a profit, a practice that often involves cuts and layoffs.

Over a ten year span, it's estimated that at least a half million jobs have been lost to private equity cutbacks.

That would have devastated Brad and Crystal Edwards.

Buried under credit card debt and with no savings, they had taken second jobs to support themselves and their three daughters.

You were working.

She worked midnights at Casey's.

The gas station used to be open for hours, so.

You took a late shift at the gas station.

Late shift at the gas station and then maybe slept or maybe didn't sleep.

Soon after KKR bought CHI, employees gathered to meet the new boss, KKR executive Pete Stavros, who came bearing an unexpected message.

No slashing, no burning.

CHI would be growing, and the entire workforce would now be part owners in the company.

What's your immediate response when you heard about that?

It was too good to be true, right?

It's like you would hear people talk about, no, this is just, they're just dangling the carrot, right?

What's the catch?

Yeah, what's the catch exactly?

A lot of times you're walking in and people say, I've heard promises before.

Stavros had given the employee ownership pitch before and was accustomed to a skeptical audience.

Day one, we sit down with the workforce.

We explain at a very high level, this is our business plan.

This is where we're headed.

These are the key priorities.

There is a pool of ownership set aside for you.

His idea really is simple.

Give rank and file workers a stake in their company on top of salary, plus a voice in how the business is run day to day.

With skin in the game, they'll be motivated to work harder and smarter.

Ownership is really an ethos.

It's a mindset.

What I mean by that is what you want are

people feeling like these are my products.

So if I'm sending out poor quality, that's a problem for me.

If our productivity is down or if our customers are unhappy, these are my customers.

And this doesn't happen overnight, but when they pay off, you do get behavior change.

You get people on the shop floor saying, I have ideas on how to reduce scrap or improve quality.

The concept is not a new one.

In the seventies, Congress passed laws to encourage employee ownership, a story Sixty Minutes covered at the time.

A year ago, the seventy five employers of this company were told they were going to become part owners, stockholders in infant specialties.

But as corporate America struggled with the complexity of a new model, the efforts sputtered.

Today, while it's common for executives to be compensated with shares, fewer than a quarter of private sector employees own a stake in their company, all as their wages and wealth have stagnated.

On this topic, devout capitalist Pete Stavros can sound downright revolutionary.

You've said the social contract in America is broken right now.

What do you mean by that?

That workers feel like they don't have hope.

They don't have a way to get ahead.

There's half of America earns an hourly wage.

Most of them have no assets, no plans for a dignified retirement.

This, Stavros says, is not just bad for society.

It's bad for balance sheets.

Seventy percent of America doesn't like their jobs.

Somewhere around twenty percent hate their jobs.

They're throwing the proverbial wrenches in the machinery.

Like sabotage.

Sabotaging their own employer.

That's bad for human beings.

It's bad for our economy.

You're very clear, though, this is not charity.

This isn't philanthropy.

This isn't socialism.

You are making a business case.

This is the right thing to do that also happens to be good business.

His obsession with employee ownership traces to his working class upbringing outside Chicago.

His father paved roads for a construction company.

And the lessons around the dinner table for my sister and I were really about the plight of the hourly worker.

There's no incentive.

The thing that really drove my dad crazy, he used to talk about the need to just work steady.

If you work too fast and you're too productive, your hours go down and your paycheck goes down.

You need hours.

In business school at Harvard, Stavros published research on, you guessed it, employee ownership.

Once he'd reached the gleaning offices of KKR, he put the program into action for the first time in the year.

Today, thanks to Pete Stavros, KKR has implemented the model at forty seven companies and counting.

That's a hundred thousand employees globally, union, non union, in manufacturing, e commerce, even book publishing.

Will you do a deal that doesn't have employee ownership now?

In the U.S., no.

We've been at this almost fifteen years.

This is the new way we are operating.

This is the model.

In February, we visited a recent KKR acquisition, Potter Global Technologies in St.

Louis, manufacturer of fire protection equipment.

Employees were first learning the details of their new ownership plan.

It was part pep rally, part polished TED talk.

As of today, you're a part of a movement.

a movement to change the way ownership is shared in corporate America.

Afterward, we sat down with factory employees Debbie Brummett, Craig Leppert, Mike Irby, Donna Henson, and Gina Grant to hear their reaction.

I think we all deserve it.

We've been doing it, but now we're going to get benefits.

Right, right.

That's how I look at it.

We kept hearing employees start thinking like owners.

What does that mean?

It's easier to spend somebody else's money, but when you work for it and you own it, it's a difference when it's your money.

These big checks, that's a motivation?

Absolutely.

To know the payouts and what it can potentially bring in my future.

This is actually something I have prayed for.

It's personal to me.

The aim is for employees like these to get checks equivalent to at least a year's salary when KKR sells the company five or so years later.

Congratulations on becoming owners.

Stavros also offers workers free financial literacy training to better understand the economics.

But he is quick to stress any payout depends on how the company performs and whether KKR sells at significant profit.

It's risk.

Now, there's no downside, because workers are not investing out of their own pocket.

But there's definitely no guarantee.

We always say, we need to perform for this to work.

Have you had to have that ceremony on the shop floor of, look,

We're selling, but unfortunately, there's no pot at the end of the rainbow.

We haven't had that yet.

It will happen.

That day will come.

We've been fortunate so far.

Pete Stavros has his critics.

This, after all, is private equity, a sector often vilified for its aggressive business practices.

Here are some of the critiques we've heard about your efforts.

It's greenwashing.

It's whitewashing.

It's mostly public relations.

It's a watering down of the real employee ownership.

say to detractors like that.

When you look at what workers are getting, I just think there's too much substance for someone to shrug it off and say, ah, that's just, that's fake.

But coming from a sector that doesn't traditionally act like this, that tends to cut jobs and tends to squeeze profits and tends to hollow out companies, does that create an additional challenge for you?

Well, I don't agree with that characterization.

You don't?

No.

I think certainly mistakes have been made.

both in our industry and in capitalism.

If all private equity was doing was plundering, I just don't think it would be where it's at, which is continuing to gain market share.

Stavros does concede that when there is a sale, top executives stand to make orders of magnitude more than rank and file workers, tens of millions of dollars.

I think that's one of the things that

I struggle with about employee ownership in general.

It's giving people a chance to get a leg up, but it is not going to solve the wealth inequality problem that we have.

Talk about this yawning wealth gap we have.

in the country.

Does private equity help that gap or help create it?

So we're investing capital, and that capital is owned for the most part by wealthy people.

That's just a fact of life.

So in a sense, we are compounding the problem.

So we'll be experimenting.

We'll learn.

An imperfect messenger, perhaps, but Pete Stavros has emerged as the leading employee ownership apostle.

He's founded a nonprofit that teaches executives how to deploy the model.

He crisscrosses the country preaching his gospel at business schools and before D.C.

lawmakers advocating to update the tax code to incentivize employee ownership, which he hopes will soon be standard business practice, not an exotic exception.

This is an unbelievably popular idea with

liberal progressives, and MAGA Republicans, and everything in between.

You can make this palatable to anyone on the spectrum.

That's right.

It's not a government handout.

This is a benefit tied to work.

And the outcomes are driven by performance.

And about performance, nothing has matched that of CHI in Arthur, Illinois.

In the year of KKR, KKR sold the business for a tenfold return.

Employees were again summoned to the factory floor.

They knew they stood to gain, but not precisely how much.

Pete gets up there and announces what the payouts are going to be.

You're smiling.

Obviously, I'm excited for myself.

I mean, how could you not be?

How could you not be?

And they start tossing those numbers around.

So even our newest colleagues are going to get a meaningful payout of twenty thousand dollars.

You know, twenty thousand dollars, fifty thousand dollars, hundred thousand dollars.

Holy cow, you know, they haven't even got to nineteen years yet, right?

You're your seniority level.

Yeah.

The payout is six and a half times.

Brown and Crystal were too modest to reveal exact numbers, but told us their check was in the mid six figures.

Life changing.

Absolutely.

And not just for us, for our kids, too.

Yeah.

Our kids don't have to worry about us being stressed out about money.

We're not working night shifts.

The Edwards family donated to their church.

They finally paid off that credit card debt.

And they started a college fund for their kids and for Brad.

Still at CHI, he's studying for his bachelor's degree at night.

These stories rippled across Arthur after the sale, as CHI employees had money to spend in and on the community.

I'm curious, do you think this idea of, hey, employees can turn into employee owners, is that a challenge or is that, hey, it can happen in the middle of Illinois, it can happen anywhere?

Absolutely, it can happen anywhere.

You know, look outside of my window, you're going to see a house and miles of cornfields, right?

If it can happen here, where can it not happen?

But this might be the biggest payoff of all.

Employee ownership was not a fad or a one time windfall.

After KKR sold, the workers got a stake in the business under the new owners.

Why change a winning culture?

Why mess with success?