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Test yourself: Can you tell the difference between music and noise? - Hanako Sawada

Video vocabulary

ancient

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US / 'eɪnʃənt /

UK / ˈenʃənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very old; having lived a very long time ago

elicit

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US / iˈlɪsɪt /

UK / ɪˈlɪsɪt /

B2
  • verb
  • To get an answer or reaction from

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

ephemeral

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US / ɪˈfemərəl /

UK / ɪˈfɛmərəl /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Existing for only a short time

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

rest

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US / rest /

UK / rɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • State in which there is a lack of motion
  • Part of something remaining after some was used
  • verb
  • To stop working or avoid activity to recover
  • (Of dead person) to lie in a grave
  • To lean, support or place something against
  • To not be tired because you had enough sleep

fish

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US / fɪʃ /

UK / fɪʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Animal that swims and lives in water
  • verb
  • To go fishing with a net or hook

form

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US / fɔ:m /

UK / fɔrm /

A1
  • noun
  • Sports team or person's current winning record
  • Document you complete when making an application
  • Visible shape or style; type; kind
  • verb
  • To organize something such as a club or group
  • To develop; to come into a shape or substance
  • To make something into a particular shape

national

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US / 'næʃnəl /

UK / ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a nation as a whole
  • noun
  • A person of a particular country

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

share

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US / ʃeə(r) /

UK / ʃɛr /

A2
  • noun
  • Part-ownership in a property, business or company
  • Part of a company you own, shown by a certificate
  • verb
  • To divide something between two or more people
  • To allow others to use your things equally
  • To give information, etc. to someone

beyond

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US / bɪ'jɒnd /

UK / biˈɑnd, bɪˈjɑnd /

A2
  • adverb
  • On or to the farther side
  • In addition to
  • preposition
  • Later in time than
  • Out of the limits of

paint

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US / peɪnt /

UK / pent /

A1
  • noun
  • Colored liquid you apply with a brush
  • verb
  • To make a picture with colored liquids
  • To describe as
  • To apply a color, oil or sealant with a brush

rather

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US / 'rɑ:ðə(r) /

UK / ˈræðɚ, ˈrɑðɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Somewhat; fairly; not that much

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

typically

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US / ˈtɪpɪkli /

UK / ˈtɪpɪklɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a normal or usual way

completely

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US / kəmˈpli:tli /

UK / kəmˈpliːtli /

A1
  • adverb
  • In every way or as much as possible

perhaps

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US / pəˈhæps /

UK / pɚˈhæps /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly, but not certainly; maybe

cage

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US / keɪdʒ /

UK / kedʒ /

B1
  • noun
  • Box made of wire or metal bars, e.g. for a bird
  • verb
  • To put (an animal) in a box made of metal bars

composition

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US / ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn /

UK / ˌkɑ:mpəˈzɪʃn /

A2
  • noun
  • Piece of writing, music etc.
  • A piece of music
  • Structure of a picture or image to make an effect

harmony

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US / 'hɑ:mənɪ /

UK / ˈhɑrməni /

B1
  • noun
  • Pleasing, attractive combination of parts, things
  • When musical notes sound pleasing together
  • State of getting along together in peace

help

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US / help /

UK / hɛlp /

A1
  • noun
  • Something given to enable a person to do something
  • Assistance given to someone in need
  • Someone who makes something easier or possible
  • verb
  • To act to enable a person to do something; assist
  • To make something better or less difficult

precision

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US / prɪˈsɪʒn /

UK / prɪˈsɪʒən /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Performed in a very careful, detailed manner
  • noun
  • Quality of being very accurate and exact

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

base

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US / beɪs /

UK / bes /

A2
  • noun
  • Place military personnel live, train, and operate
  • Bottom part of an object that touches a surface
  • Unit of counting, e.g. 10 for counting
  • Most important idea or ingredient to add others
  • Origin or start from which something came
  • Main place where an organization or a person works
  • verb
  • To use as the starting point or origin for
  • To have as the main location for (company, etc.)

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

certainly

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US / ˈsə:tnli /

UK / ˈsɚtnli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Sure; of course

culture

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US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Beliefs and customs of a particular group

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
  • (Animal) to make sounds to warn of danger
  • To announce the date of an election
  • To make a judgment about something
  • To give someone or something a name
  • To guess in advance the result or outcome
  • To visit a place or person for a short time
  • To phone someone
  • To speak, announce or shout in a loud voice

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

leave

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US / li:v /

UK / liv /

A1
  • noun
  • Permission to do something
  • Vacation time; time off work
  • verb
  • To go away from; depart
  • To gift property to someone after you die
  • To allow something to continue happening
  • To let something remain unused or available
  • To let something or someone remain somewhere

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

dynamic

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US / daɪˈnæmɪk /

UK / daiˈnæmik /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Always active or energetic; getting things done

encouraging

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US / ɪn'kʌrɪdʒɪŋ /

UK / ɛnˈkə:rədʒɪŋ, -ˈkʌr- /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Giving support to make more determined, confident
  • verb
  • To increase the chance of something happening
  • To make someone more determined or confident

predictable

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US / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

UK / prɪˈdɪktəbl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Capable of being guessed before it happens

musical

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US / ˈmju:zɪkl /

UK / ˈmju:zɪkl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a pleasant sound like music
  • Having skill or being gifted in music
  • noun
  • Play or movie set to music

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

fly

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US / flaɪ /

UK / flai /

A1
  • noun
  • Common flying insect, sometimes blue in color
  • Opening with fold of cloth hiding zipper on pants
  • verb
  • To move in the wind, e.g. a flag
  • To move at a high speed
  • To travel in a plane, helicopter, balloon etc.
  • To pilot people or items by plane
  • To travel through the air using wings

constraint

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US / kənˈstreɪnt /

UK / kənˈstrent /

B1
  • noun
  • Thing preventing you moving or acting; restriction

instrument

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US / 'ɪnstrəmənt /

UK / ˈɪnstrəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Gauge for measuring something, e.g. temperature
  • Legal document
  • Device that is used for creating music

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said

boundary

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US / 'baʊndrɪ /

UK / ˈbaʊndəri, -dri /

B1
  • noun
  • A division or border to separate two areas

careless

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US / 'keələs /

UK / ˈkɛrlɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not being careful

find

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US / faɪnd /

UK / faɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • Object discovered by chance
  • Things that have been discovered from searching
  • verb
  • To become aware of something that is happening
  • To discover or meet by chance
  • To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
  • To learn through study, research, or effort
  • To discover something by looking for it

listener

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US / ˈlɪsənə(r) /

UK / ˈlɪsənər /

A1
  • noun
  • Someone who listens

offer

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US / 'ɒfə(r) /

UK / ˈɔfɚ, ˈɑfɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Price you say you are willing to pay for something
  • Act of making a thing available to be accepted
  • verb
  • To suggest a price you are willing to pay
  • To give the opportunity to accept something
  • To say you are willing to do something
  • To give or say something as an act of worship

partner

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US / 'pɑ:tnə(r) /

UK / ˈpɑrtnɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • One you have a business/personal relationship with
  • Someone you have personal relationship with
  • verb
  • To join with others for work or other activity

watch

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US / wɒtʃ /

UK / wɑtʃ /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of time someone is responsible for guarding
  • Device you wear on your wrist that shows the time
  • Official warning statement, e.g. of bad weather
  • verb
  • To keep in check, manage, or control something
  • To look at something for entertainment, e.g. TV
  • To guard a place or people; protect child, etc.
  • To look at carefully to work out what is happening
  • To protect and care for someone or something

example

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US / ɪgˈzɑ:mpl /

UK / ɪɡˈzæmpəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing, person which represents a category

gleefully

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US / 'ɡli:fəlɪ /

UK / 'ɡli:fəlɪ /

B2
  • adverb
  • In a joyous and gleeful manner

categorize

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US / ˈkætəgəraɪz /

UK / 'kætəɡəraɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To distribute into classes or the same type

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

serious

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US / ˈsɪəriəs /

UK / ˈsɪriəs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Giving something great energy or sincerity
  • Needing thought or concentration; important; grave
  • Being sincere about something; not joking

shatter

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US / 'ʃætə(r) /

UK / ˈʃætɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To break into small pieces

seconds

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US / 'sekəndz /

UK / 'sekəndz /

A1
  • other
  • Units of time; one sixtieth of a minute
  • Short periods of time you wait for someone
  • verb
  • To agree to support a proposal at a meeting

highway

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US / 'haɪweɪ /

UK / ˈhaɪˌwe /

A2
  • noun
  • Main road connecting places

nothing

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US / 'nʌθɪŋ /

UK / ˈnʌθɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Item of little or no value, importance, interest
  • Number or value of zero
  • pronoun
  • Not anything, not a single thing

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

dedicated

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US / 'dedɪkeɪtɪd /

UK / ˈdɛdɪˌketɪd /

B1
  • verb
  • To state a person's name in book, song, in respect
  • To give your energy, time, etc. completely

piece

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US / pi:s /

UK / pis /

A1
  • noun
  • A counter in a board game
  • Small part of something larger
  • verb
  • To put items together to assemble something

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

within

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US / wɪˈðɪn /

UK / wɪðˈɪn, wɪθ- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Inside the limits of an area, time or range
  • preposition
  • From the inside of something

chinese

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of China

duck

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US / dʌk /

UK / dʌk /

B1
  • noun
  • Common type of water bird
  • someone's face when their lips are pushed outwards, especially in photographs
  • verb
  • To avoid doing something that is difficult
  • To lower your head to avoid hitting something

fortune

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US / 'fɔ:tʃu:n /

UK / ˈfɔrtʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • What might happen to you in the future
  • Chance or luck, particularly good luck
  • Very large amount of money

hysterical

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US / hɪˈsterɪkl /

UK / hɪˈstɛrɪkəl /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Being out of control mentally; violently emotional

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

purpose

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US / 'pɜ:pəs /

UK / ˈpɚpəs /

A2
  • noun
  • Reason for which something is done; aim; goal

television

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US / ˈtelɪvɪʒn /

UK / ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Device that broadcasts programs, movies or show

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

frequently

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US / ˈfri:kwəntli /

UK / ˈfrikwəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • Often; regularly

reinvent

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US / ˌri:ɪn'vent /

UK / ˌriɪnˈvɛnt /

B1
  • verb
  • To present something in a new and interesting way

text

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US / tekst /

UK / tɛkst /

A1
  • noun
  • Any form in which writing exists
  • Reading or audio passage, often a story or article
  • Written part of a book or other work
  • verb
  • To send a message by phone or other device

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

determine

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US / dɪ'tɜ:mɪn /

UK / dɪˈtɚmɪn /

A2
  • verb
  • To control exactly how something will be or act
  • To establish the facts about; discover

field

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US / fi:ld /

UK / fild /

A1
  • noun
  • Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • Piece of land used to grow crops/raise animals
  • Open area of land, especially without buildings
  • Grassed area where you play some sports
  • verb
  • To respond to something or answer a question
  • To catch or stop a ball during a game

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

romantic

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US / rəʊˈmæntɪk /

UK / roʊˈmæntɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to courtship or love
  • Being impractical, unrealistic, or idealistic
  • Of or involving the ideas or values of romanticism
  • noun
  • People who like love, candlelit dinners, etc.
  • Person living in a fantasy-like world not reality

rustle

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US / 'rʌsl /

UK / ˈrʌsəl /

B2
  • noun
  • A dry light sound like silk or leaves moving
  • verb
  • To steal cattle or other animals from a herd
  • To become aware of people gossiping
  • To steal livestock (especially cattle)

traditional

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US / trəˈdɪʃənl /

UK / trəˈdɪʃənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involved in a custom or event common to a people

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

begin

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US / bɪ'ɡɪn /

UK / ˈbeɡɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To do the first part of an action; to start

computer

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US / kəmˈpju:tə(r) /

UK / kəmˈpjutɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Machine for storing data, accessing the internet

intend

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US / ɪnˈtend /

UK / ɪnˈtɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To plan or want to do something

interpret

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US / ɪn'tɜ:prɪt /

UK / ɪnˈtɚprɪt /

A2
  • verb
  • To express so that others understand it
  • To translate what is said into another language

incredible

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US / ɪnˈkredəbl /

UK / ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very good; amazing
  • Really good; amazing; great
  • Very hard to believe

job

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US / dʒɒb /

UK / dʒɑ:b /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that must be done
  • Regular work at which you earn money

sound

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US / saʊnd /

UK / saʊnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Sensible, dependable and reliable
  • Unbroken or undisturbed, as of sleep
  • Firm or solid in structure
  • Sane; not mentally ill
  • Clearly reasoned; involving sense, good judgment
  • noun
  • Unique quality that characterizes a style of music
  • Waves traveling in air or water that can be heard
  • verb
  • To seem or appear to be, from what was said
  • To say in a clear deliberate manner
  • To make a noise, e.g. to ring a bell

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

music

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US / 'mju:zɪk /

UK / ˈmjuzɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • Sounds that are sung or played to give pleasure
  • Academic study of rhythms and sounds
  • Written symbols that represent musical sounds

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

strong

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US / strɒŋ /

UK / strɔŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of tea or beer) dark or thick
  • Having big muscles; physically powerful

depend

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US / dɪˈpend /

UK / dɪˈpend /

B1
  • verb
  • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

driver

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US / ˈdraɪvə(r) /

UK / ˈdraɪvɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • People who move cattle from one place to another
  • Someone who operates a vehicle
  • A club with a wooden head used when playing golf

generate

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US / ˈdʒenəreɪt /

UK / ˈdʒɛnəˌret /

A2
  • verb
  • To create or be produced or bring into existence
  • To create electricity, heat, energy and power

object

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US / 'ɒbdʒɪkt /

UK / ˈɑbdʒɪkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something you can see or touch, but is not alive
  • Goal or purpose of a particular plan or activity
  • The thing that the action of a verb acts upon
  • verb
  • To disagree; to protest against an idea or plan

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

solo

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US / ˈsəʊləʊ /

UK / ˈsoʊloʊ /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Being performed or done alone
  • noun
  • Activity that one does alone, e.g. playing music
  • verb
  • To perform a song or play music by yourself

coin

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US / kɔɪn /

UK / kɔɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • A small, flat piece of metal used as money
  • verb
  • To make coins from metal
  • To invent a new word that becomes popular

new

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US / nju: /

UK / nu, nju /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not old, recently born, built or made
  • Being or doing something for the first time
  • Not felt, seen or known previously
  • Having been recently bought or obtained

performance

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US / pə'fɔ:məns /

UK / pɚˈfɔrməns /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of doing something
  • Activity done to entertain an audience

surround

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US / səˈraʊnd /

UK / səˈraʊnd /

A2
  • other
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • verb
  • To be all the way around something
  • To be closely connected to and have an effect on
  • To move closer on all sides of something

tool

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US / tu:l /

UK / tul /

A2
  • noun
  • Device used to make things, e.g. a hammer
  • verb
  • To provide a workshop with the right equipment

explorer

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US / ɪkˈsplɔ:rə(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔrɚ, -ˈsplor- /

A2
  • noun
  • Person who travels to places to discover more them

genre

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US / 'ʒɒ̃rə /

UK / ˈʒɑnrə /

B2
  • noun
  • Category of art, music with its own qualities

popular

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US / ˈpɒpjələ(r) /

UK / ˈpɑ:pjələ(r) /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Liked or enjoyed by many people

compose

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US / kəmˈpəʊz /

UK / kəmˈpoʊz /

B1
  • verb
  • To calm yourself after being angry or upset
  • To write an essay, article, poem, music etc.
  • To form something from a series of parts
  • To come together to form or make e.g. music
  • To structure a picture or image to make an effect

continue

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US / kən'tɪnju: /

UK / kənˈtɪnju /

A1
  • verb
  • To do something without stopping, or after pausing
  • To start doing again after a break, pause, or stop

honk

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US / hɒŋk /

UK / hɔŋk, hɑŋk /

C2
  • noun
  • A loud noise like that of a horn
  • verb
  • To make a loud noise like that of a horn

incomplete

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US / ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t /

UK / ˌɪnkəmˈplit /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Not finished; not having everything necessary

realm

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US / relm /

UK / rɛlm /

B2
  • noun
  • Area ruled by a king or queen
  • Field of knowledge or thought

series

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US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

white

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US / waɪt /

UK / hwaɪt, waɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Belonging to a race of people with light skin
  • Of the color of fresh snow and milk
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • Lightest color; The color of fresh snow.

clutter

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US / ˈklʌtə(r) /

UK / ˈklʌtɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • A disorderly mess of things
  • verb
  • To fill with disorderly mess of things

choreography

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US / ˌkɒriˈɒgrəfi /

UK / ˌkɔriˈɑɡrəfi, ˌkor- /

C1
  • noun
  • Art of designing and arranging dances

prioritize

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US / praɪˈɒrətaɪz /

UK / praɪˈɔ:rətaɪz /

B1
  • verb
  • To rank things in importance

walk

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US / wɔ:k /

UK / wɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Journey on foot done for pleasure or exercise
  • verb
  • To move with your legs at a slowish pace

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

imagine

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US / ɪ'mædʒɪn /

UK / ɪˈmædʒɪn /

A1
  • verb
  • To think creatively about; form mental picture of

piano

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US / piˈænəʊ /

UK / piˈæno, ˈpjæno /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • In a soft and quiet manner (on the piano)
  • noun
  • Keyboard instrument used for playing music

restriction

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US / rɪˈstrɪkʃn /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Law or rule that controls or limits something

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

himself

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US / hɪmˈself /

UK / hɪmˈsɛlf /

A1
  • pronoun
  • The same (male) person who did the action

listen

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US / ˈlɪsn /

UK / ˈlɪsən /

A1
  • verb
  • To carefully consider what someone is saying

jazz

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US / dʒæz /

UK / dʒæz /

A2
  • noun
  • Music known for its energetic beat and spontaneity
  • Empty or meaningless talk, conversation

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

club

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US / klʌb /

UK / klʌb /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people who share an interest, as in sport
  • Place where people go to listen to music and dance
  • Long stick used for hitting things, as in golf
  • verb
  • To be grouped with others
  • To hit hard with a thick and heavy stick, weapon

develop

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US / dɪ'veləp /

UK / dɪˈvɛləp /

A1
  • verb
  • To explain something in steps and in detail
  • To create or think of something
  • To grow bigger, more complex, or more advanced
  • To make a photograph from film

after

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US / 'ɑ:ftə(r) /

UK / ˈæftɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Later than another time, or behind something
  • conjunction
  • Following something before
  • preposition
  • When an event happened or time has passed

appear

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US / ə'pɪə(r) /

UK / əˈpɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • To seem to be
  • To act in a play, movie, or be mentioned in media

drama

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US / 'drɑ:mə /

UK / ˈdrɑmə, ˈdræmə /

A2
  • noun
  • Play that is performed on stage, theater, or TV
  • Study of acting

guideline

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US / ˈgaɪdlaɪn /

UK / ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn /

B1
  • noun
  • General rule or instruction how to do a thing

many

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US / 'menɪ /

UK / ˈmɛni /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer a large number of things

recital

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US / rɪˈsaɪtl /

UK / rɪˈsaɪtl /

B2
  • noun
  • Act of giving an account of a course of events

processes

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US / ˈprəʊsesɪz , prəˈsesɪz /

UK / ˈprɑːsesɪz , prəˈsesɪz /

B1
  • other
  • Sets of changes that occur slowly and naturally
  • verb
  • To organize and use data in a computer
  • To deal with official forms in the way required
  • To prepare by treating something in a certain way
  • To adopt a set of actions that produce a result
  • To convert by putting something through a machine

musician

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US / mjuˈzɪʃn /

UK / mjuˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person who writes, sings, or plays music, as a job

silence

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US / 'saɪləns /

UK / ˈsaɪləns /

A2
  • noun
  • State of being quiet and not talking for a time
  • When there is not sound or noise; complete quiet
  • Refusal to discuss or talk about an issue
  • verb
  • To stop the noise that something is making
  • To prevent someone from expressing thoughts

before

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US / bɪˈfɔ:(r) /

UK / bɪˈfɔr,-ˈfor /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a time earlier than the present; previously
  • conjunction
  • In advance of something happening
  • preposition
  • In front of someone or something

century

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US / 'sentʃərɪ /

UK / ˈsɛntʃəri /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of 100 years

could

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US / kəd /

UK / kʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Past form of 'can' to mean have ability
  • Used to ask for something politely, or to offer

often

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US / ˈɔfən /

UK / ˈɔfən,ˈɑfən,ˈɔftən,ˈɑf- /

A1
  • adverb
  • Many times; frequently; on many occasions

precise

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US / prɪ'saɪs /

UK / prɪˈsaɪs /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Of language details etc.) Very accurate and exact
  • (Of a time, place, quality) exact
  • Being very careful about how you do things

ching

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US / tʃɪŋ /

UK / tʃɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • An abrupt high-pitched ringing sound, typically one made by a cash register.

everyday

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US / ˈevrideɪ /

UK / ˈɛvriˈde /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used or seen daily; for daily use; ordinary

blur

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US / blɜ:(r) /

UK / blɚ /

B2
  • verb
  • To make something unclear or out of focus
  • To dull the distinction between things

unexpected

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US / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

UK / ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Surprising because it was not expected

bathtub

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US / ˈbɑ:θtʌb /

UK / bæθtʌb /

C2
  • noun
  • Thing you take a bath in

complain

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US / kəmˈpleɪn /

UK / kəmˈplen /

B1
  • verb
  • To say something is wrong and should be changed

cunningham

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US / ˈkju:mjələs /

UK / ˈkjumjələs /

A1

explore

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US / ɪk'splɔ:(r) /

UK / ɪkˈsplɔr /

A2
  • verb
  • To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • To travel to a place to discover more about it

exist

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US / ɪɡ'zɪst /

UK / ɪɡˈzɪst /

A1
  • verb
  • To be present, alive or real

ice

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US / aɪs /

UK / aɪs /

A1
  • noun
  • Frozen gas or liquid, esp. water
  • Sweet food made of frozen cream, or juices
  • verb
  • To make something cold by putting on frozen water
  • To spread a sweet and creamy substance on a cake

draw

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US / drɔ: /

UK / drɔ /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that attracts people to visit a place
  • A lottery or prize
  • Result of a game, contest where the score is equal
  • verb
  • To attract attention to someone or something
  • To get closer to or approach something or someone
  • To influence a person's involvement in something
  • To move an object by pulling
  • To create an image using pen or pencil and paper
  • To take one thing out of a container, etc.
  • (Of 2 teams) to finish a game with the same score

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

independently

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US / ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ /

UK / ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a manner being free from the control of another

organize

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US / ˈɔ:gənaɪz /

UK / ˈɔ:rgənaɪz /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrange and plan things, e.g. a party

handful

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US / 'hændfʊl /

UK / ˈhændˌfʊl /

B1
  • noun
  • an amount of something that can be held in one hand; small quantity or amount of people or things
  • A thing requiring great effort to control, manage

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

art

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US / ɑ:t /

UK / ɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • Creative skill using the imagination e.g. painting
  • A skill or talent you have

car

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US / kɑ:(r) /

UK / kɑr /

A1
  • noun
  • A vehicle with wheels and engine to carry people

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

consist

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US / kən'sɪst /

UK / kənˈsɪst /

A2
  • verb
  • To have as an essential, necessary or main part

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

tradition

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US / trəˈdɪʃn /

UK / trəˈdɪʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • An event, custom or way common to a people or race
  • Way of thinking or behaving used for a long time

dare

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US / deə(r) /

UK / der /

A2
  • noun
  • A dangerous or risky act people are afraid to do
  • verb
  • To challenge someone to do something that is risky
  • To have enough courage to do something

famous

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US / 'feɪməs /

UK / ˈfeməs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Excellent
  • Widely known; recognized by many people

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

john

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US / dʒɔn /

UK / dʒɑn /

A1
  • noun
  • A toilet.
  • A prostitute's client.
  • proper noun
  • (1165–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; king of England 1199–1216; known as John Lack
  • The name of six kings of Portugal.

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

answer

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US / 'ɑ:nsə(r) /

UK / ˈænsɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Reply to a question someone asks
  • Solution to a problem or test question
  • verb
  • To reply to a question someone asks
  • To solve a test question or a problem

click

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US / klɪk /

UK / klɪk /

A1
  • noun
  • The sound a computer mouse makes when you press it
  • A short, slight, and sharp sound
  • verb
  • To work well with someone or something
  • To press a computer mouse
  • To make a short, slight, and sharp sound

broad

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US / brɔ:d /

UK / brɔd /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • General; not detailed
  • Wide; from the shorter two sides to the other

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

favourite

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US / ˈfeɪvərɪt /

UK / 'fevərɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Best liked or most enjoyed
  • noun
  • A thing that someone likes best or enjoys most

specific

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US / spəˈsɪfɪk /

UK / spɪˈsɪfɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing

adapt

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US / ə'dæpt /

UK / əˈdæpt /

B1
  • verb
  • To change something for a different function
  • To change something to fit or suit a new purpose

noise

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US / nɔɪz /

UK / nɔɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • Loud sounds that cause discomfort or annoyance

tempo

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US / 'tempəʊ /

UK / ˈtɛmpo /

C1
  • noun
  • Speed or pace of something

absurd

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US / əb'sɜ:d /

UK / əbˈsɚd, -ˈzɚd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • So foolish as to be difficult to believe

creative

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US / krɪ'eɪtɪv /

UK / kriˈetɪv /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having the ability to make something new

lid

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US / lɪd /

UK / lɪd /

B1
  • noun
  • Cover that can be lifted or removed, as on bottles

might

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US / maɪt /

UK / maɪt /

A1
  • other
  • Used to politely request an action
  • Used to express that something could happen
  • Power, strength, force or influence

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

vary

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US / ˈveəri /

UK / ˈveri /

A2
  • verb
  • To change something and make it different
  • To be changeable, both up and down

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

cube

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US / kju:b /

UK / kjub /

B2
  • noun
  • Solid object that has six square sides
  • verb
  • To cut food into the shape of small cubes
  • To multiply a number by itself three times

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

kind

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US / kaɪnd /

UK / kaɪnd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In a caring and helpful manner
  • friendly and considerate
  • noun
  • One type of thing

prank

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US / præŋk /

UK / præŋk /

C1
  • noun
  • Trick performed to make people look foolish

peer

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US / pɪə(r) /

UK / pɪr /

B2
  • noun
  • A noble, but not royal, person, e.g. lord or duke
  • Person of the same age, class or situation
  • verb
  • To look closely and carefully, as if hard to see

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

canvas

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US / ˈkænvəs /

UK / ˈkænvəs /

B1
  • noun
  • Special cloth on which an artist paints a picture
  • other
  • Thick, strong cloth used e.g. to make sails

cooker

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US / 'kʊkə(r) /

UK / ˈkʊkɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Piece of kitchen equipment with oven burners etc.

instruction

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US / ɪn'strʌkʃn /

UK / ɪnˈstrʌkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • A command for someone formally to do something
  • Act of teaching or explaining to others
  • Information about how to do or use something

arrange

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US / əˈreɪndʒ /

UK / əˈrendʒ /

A2
  • verb
  • To write music for a particular instrument
  • To organize things or people in a particular way
  • To plan (an event) at a time and place
  • To organize events so they happen

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

opening

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US / ˈəʊpnɪŋ /

UK / ˈoʊpnɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Free job; job you can apply for
  • Action of starting something, e.g. a new business
  • verb
  • To make accessible or able to be used, e.g. road
  • To start the activities or services of a business
  • To make a space or hole appear in something
  • To move or change so that it is no longer closed
  • To start something, e.g. a new business

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

radio

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US / ˈreɪdiəʊ /

UK / ˈreɪdioʊ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the broadcasting of sound
  • noun
  • System of sending/receiving signals through air
  • Device to listen to broadcast programs, messages
  • verb
  • To broadcast a message to be heard by radio

decision

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US / dɪ'sɪʒn /

UK / dɪˈsɪʒən /

A1
  • noun
  • Choice made after thinking; final judgment
  • Ability to make quick and confident choices

reject

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US / rɪˈdʒekt /

UK / rɪˈdʒɛkt /

A2
  • noun
  • Goods that are not suitable for sale at full price
  • Person others do not like, or refuse to accept
  • verb
  • To decide that something is not good enough
  • To refuse, deny to believe, accept, or consider

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

toy

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US / tɔɪ /

UK / tɔɪ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Something small in size compared to an original
  • noun
  • Things children play with, as dolls or small cars
  • verb
  • To play with (your food, someone's feelings)

embrace

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US / ɪm'breɪs /

UK / ɛmˈbres /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of holding someone closely
  • verb
  • To hold closely; cuddle, kiss or hug

rhythmic

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US / ˈrɪðmɪk /

UK / ˈrɪðmɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having a pattern of sound and beats
  • noun
  • Having a pattern of events and motions

stopwatch

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US / 'stɒpwɒtʃ /

UK / ˈstɑpˌwɑtʃ /

C2
  • noun
  • Timepiece used to measure how long something took

would

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US / wʊd /

UK / wʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate something imagined
  • Used to ask or request something politely
  • Verb used to indicate possibility, request etc.
  • Used to indicate a preference
  • Used to indicate a reaction
  • Indicates something that occurred repeatedly
  • Used to indicate willingness or ability to do

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

life

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US / laɪf /

UK / laɪf /

A1
  • noun
  • All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • Period of time things live, from birth to death

stone

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US / stəʊn /

UK / stoʊn /

A2
  • noun
  • Hard, solid piece of rock
  • verb
  • To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at

armed

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US / ɑ:md /

UK / ɑːrmd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Having weapons ready to use against others
  • verb
  • To activate a weapon or bomb for use
  • To give a gun or other weapon to a person or group

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

intentional

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US / ɪnˈtenʃənl /

UK / ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Done with a deliberate plan to do or achieve

pattern

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US / 'pætn /

UK / ˈpætən /

A2
  • noun
  • Model to follow in making or doing something
  • Colors or shapes which are repeated on objects
  • Regular repeated behavior
  • verb
  • To copy the way something else is made

surprising

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US / səˈpraɪzɪŋ /

UK / sərˈpraɪzɪŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Making you feel a bit shocked because unexpected
  • verb
  • To do something that another person didn't expect

experience

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US / ɪk'spɪərɪəns /

UK / ɪkˈspɪriəns /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • An event at which you learned something
  • Knowledge gained by living life, doing new things
  • verb
  • To gain knowledge by doing things

pioneer

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US / ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r) /

UK / ˌpaɪəˈnɪr /

B1
  • noun
  • Person exploring a new place or field of endeavor
  • verb
  • To begin or discover something new
  • To take part in the development of something new

perform

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US / pə'fɔ:m /

UK / pɚˈfɔrm /

A1
  • verb
  • To carry out an action well or successfully
  • To entertain an audience by dancing, singing etc.

table

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US / ˈteɪbl /

UK / ˈtebəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Diagram that shows data in rows and columns
  • Raised flat surface you sit at to work or eat
  • verb
  • To leave an idea to be discussed at a later date

structure

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US / ˈstrʌk.tʃə /

UK / ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in
  • verb
  • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something

expect

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US / ɪk'spekt /

UK / ɪkˈspɛkt /

A1
  • verb
  • To believe something is probably going to happen

mingle

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US / ˈmɪŋgl /

UK / ˈmɪŋɡəl /

B2
  • verb
  • To mix or come into contact, as people at a party

rubber

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US / 'rʌbə(r) /

UK / ˈrʌbɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Material used to make tires, etc.

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

audience

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US / ˈɔ:diəns /

UK / ˈɔdiəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Group of people attending a play, movie etc.

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

work

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US / wɜ:k /

UK / wɚk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Activity completed in order to make money
  • noun
  • The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • Everything created by an author, artist, musician
  • Activity you do in order to make money
  • Place of employment
  • Final product or result of a some labor or effort
  • verb
  • To bring into a specific state of success
  • To be functioning properly, e.g. a car
  • To do your job in your company or workplace
  • To make an effort to do something
  • To operate a machine or device

approach

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US / ə'prəʊtʃ /

UK / əˈprəʊtʃ /

A2
  • noun
  • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
  • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
  • Specific way to handle a project, task, problem
  • verb
  • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • To request someone to do something specific

hold

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US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

pressure

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US / 'preʃə(r) /

UK / ˈprɛʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
  • Strong persuasion to do something
  • verb
  • To apply force to something
  • To persuade or force someone to do something

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

crowd

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US / kraʊd /

UK / kraʊd /

A2
  • noun
  • Large group of people together in one place
  • verb
  • To force too many things, people into
  • (Lots of people) to meet together in one place

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

believe

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US / bɪ'li:v /

UK / bɪˈliv /

A1
  • verb
  • To think or accept that something is true
  • To have a particular opinion about something

viewer

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US / ˈvju:ə(r) /

UK / ˈvjuɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Special machine to look at pictures
  • Someone who watches, e.g. television

artist

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US / ˈɑ:tɪst /

UK / ˈɑrtɪst /

A2
  • noun
  • A person skilled and creative in art e.g. painter

discover

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US / dɪˈskʌvə(r) /

UK / dɪˈskʌvɚ /

A2
  • verb
  • To find something new that was not known before

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

chance

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US / tʃɑ:ns /

UK / tʃæns /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening by luck; not planned
  • Taking a risk to try something
  • noun
  • The way something happens without planning
  • An opportunity; favorable circumstances, situation
  • The possibility that something will happen
  • verb
  • To occur just through luck; happen
  • To take a risk to try something

evoke

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US / ɪ'vəʊk /

UK / ɪˈvok /

B1
  • verb
  • To bring forth a certain feeling or memory

horn

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US / hɔ:n /

UK / hɔ:rn /

B1
  • noun
  • Device that makes a loud warning noise
  • (Animals) hard pointed structure growing on heads
  • Material from animal antlers
  • Metal wind instrument

produce

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US / prə'dju:s /

UK / prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro- /

A1
  • noun
  • Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • verb
  • To grow something naturally
  • To make something appear
  • To manufacture something using machines
  • To control the making a movie or television show

several

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US / ˈsevrəl /

UK / ˈsɛvərəl,ˈsɛvrəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Many of
  • pronoun
  • More than two but not a large amount

notate

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US / 'nəʊteɪt /

UK / 'noʊteɪt /

C2
  • verb
  • To write in (e.g. musical) notes

expression

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US / ɪk'spreʃn /

UK / ɪkˈsprɛʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of making your thoughts and feelings known
  • Group of words that have a specific meaning

compositional

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US / ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən(ə)l /

UK / ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənəl /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to composition (arranging in group)

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

agree

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US / əˈgri: /

UK / əˈɡri /

A1
  • verb
  • To have the same opinion as someone else

strange

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US / streɪndʒ /

UK / strendʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Unusual or odd; surprising because unexpected
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • In 1960, American composer John Cage appeared on national television to present his latest work called Water Walk. Instead of using traditional instruments, Cage surrounded himself with household clutter and everyday objects such as a bathtub, ice cubes, a toy fish, a pressure cooker, a rubber duck, and radios. With a stopwatch in hand, Cage performed Water Walk by creating a series of sounds with great precision and a serious expression. The performance elicited a variety of reactions from viewers, with some finding it hysterical and others considering it completely absurd. However, the most common question that arose among the audience was whether this unconventional presentation could be considered music. This seemingly simple question, though, is not easy to answer. The perception of music often depends on our expectations. For instance, if we are in a jazz club listening to the rhythmic honking of horns, we would most likely agree that it is music. However, if we were on a highway and heard the same sound, many would classify it as noise. This discrepancy arises from our expectations of what constitutes music. We tend to categorize sounds as more musical if they conform to recognizable structures or popular patterns. Furthermore, we associate specific instruments and harmonies with different genres of music. These expectations are based on existing musical traditions, which can vary across cultures and time periods. In the early 20th century, when artists were pushing the boundaries of their respective fields, John Cage sought to explore the possibilities of new forms of music beyond these established constraints.
  • Subtitles section
  • In 1960, American composer John Cage went on national television to share his latest work.
  • But rather than employing traditional instruments, Cage appeared surrounded by household clutter, including a bathtub, ice cubes, a toy fish, a pressure cooker, a rubber duck, and several radios.
  • Armed with these tools and a stopwatch, he performed Water Walk, setting off a series of sounds with a serious expression and incredible precision.
  • Some viewers found the performance hysterical, while others thought it was completely absurd.
  • But most people watching likely shared the same question.
  • Is this even music?
  • This question is harder to answer than you might think.
  • What we determine as music often depends on our expectations.
  • For example, imagine you're in a jazz club, listening to the rhythmic honking of horns.
  • Most people would agree that this is music.
  • But if you were on the highway hearing the same thing, many would call it noise.
  • After all, car horns aren't instruments and these drivers aren't musicians, right?
  • Expectations like these influence how we categorize everything we hear.
  • We typically think something sounds more musical if it uses a recognizable structure, or popular sounds arranged in well-known patterns.
  • And even within the realm of music, we expect certain genres to use specific instruments and harmonies.
  • These expectations are based on existing musical traditions.
  • But those traditions aren't set in stone.
  • They vary across different cultures and time periods.
  • And in the early 20th century, when many artists were pushing the boundaries of their fields, John Cage wanted to discover what new kinds of music might exist beyond those constraints.
  • He began pioneering new instruments that blurred the lines between art and everyday life, and used surprising objects to reinvent existing instruments.
  • He also explored new ways for music to mingle with other art forms.
  • He and his creative and romantic partner, Merce Cunningham, held recitals where Cage's music and Cunningham's choreography would be created independently before being performed together.
  • But whatever his approach, Cage gleefully dared listeners to question the boundaries between music and noise, as well as sound and silence.
  • Perhaps the best example is one of Cage's most famous compositions, a solo piano piece consisting of nothing but musical rests for 4 minutes and 33 seconds.
  • This wasn't intended as a prank, but rather as a question.
  • Could the opening and closing of a piano lid be music?
  • What about the click of a stopwatch?
  • The rustling and perhaps even the complaining of a crowd?
  • Like the white canvases of his painting Peers, Cage asked the audience to question their expectations about what music was.
  • And while the piece didn't evoke the drama of some traditional compositions, it certainly elicited a strong emotional response.
  • Cage's work frequently prioritized these spontaneous, ephemeral experiences over precise, predictable performances.
  • He even developed processes that left some compositional decisions up to chance.
  • One of his favorite such systems was the I Ching, an ancient Chinese divination text.
  • Using just a handful of coins, the I Ching allows readers to produce a pattern of lines, which can be interpreted to answer questions and offer fortunes.
  • But Cage adapted these patterns into a series of tables that generated different musical durations, tempos, and dynamics.
  • Eventually, he even used early computers to help produce these random parameters.
  • For some pieces, Cage went even further, offering musicians incomplete compositions notated with broad instructions, allowing them to compose on the fly with the help of his guidelines.
  • Some composers rejected Cage's seemingly careless approach.
  • They believed it was the composer's job to organize sound and time for a specific, intentional purpose.
  • After all, if these strange compositions were music, then where do we draw the line?
  • But like a bold explorer, Cage didn't want to be bound by restrictions.
  • And he certainly didn't want to follow old rules.
  • He dedicated himself to shattering our expectations, creating a series of patterns that would give once-in-a-lifetime experiences that continue encouraging musicians and audiences to embrace the unexpected.