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The culture of bailouts is destabilizing the global financial system: Rockefeller's Sharma

Video vocabulary

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

be

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US / bɪ /

UK / bi /

A1
  • verb
  • Being

and

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US / ənd /

UK / ənd, ən,ænd /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
  • determiner
  • Used as a noun to refer to something
  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

get

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US / ɡet /

UK / ɡɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
  • To a certain degree
  • determiner
  • Question words used for asking for information
  • exclamation
  • Used to express excitement, shock, or surprise
  • Used to ask people to repeat something they said
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

just

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US / dʒʌst /

UK / dʒʌst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper or appropriate; as is deserved
  • Doing or being what is right or fair
  • Legally correct; having enough evidence
  • adverb
  • Almost; nearly
  • Exactly at the time of
  • Exactly (the same as, like)

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

like

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US / laɪk /

UK / laɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in status or kind to something else
  • Similar; the same
  • adverb
  • For example
  • preposition
  • Used as a filler; used to ad emphasis
  • In a way similar to the way something is done
  • Such as; for example
  • verb
  • To want to
  • To find something pleasing; to prefer something

do

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US / du: /

UK / du /

A1
  • other
  • Question words for 'do' verbs
  • verb
  • To act; to perform actions
  • To be enough; to be acceptable
  • To have a certain effect on something or someone

there

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US / ðɛə /

UK / ðɛr /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to illustrate the existence of something
  • In a particular respect
  • In that place or position, at that location

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to

go

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US / ɡəʊ /

UK / ɡo /

A1
  • noun
  • A turn in a game
  • verb
  • To attend or be at a place
  • To do an activity
  • To function properly
  • To move or travel to another place

will

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US / wɪl /

UK / wɪl /

A1
  • noun
  • Desire or choice of someone
  • Document saying who gets your money when you die
  • Strong desire to do something; determination
  • Desire to do something; strong wish to do
  • other
  • Used with verbs to express the future
  • verb
  • To leave property to someone after your death
  • To use mental effort to make something happen
  • Am (is, are) likely to do
  • To influence someone to do something
  • To make something happen by strongly wanting it

out

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US / aʊt /

UK / aʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
  • Away from home, business, or the usual place
  • In a direction/movement away from inside or center
  • noun
  • Act when a batter cannot continue playing
  • verb
  • To tell people a secret

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
  • To move toward someone; go with someone
  • To reach a certain point or state

your

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US / jɔ: /

UK / jʊr, jɔr, jor,jə /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to you; belonging to the other person

when

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US / wen /

UK / wɛn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning or during the time something happens
  • adverb
  • Word you use to ask about the time, or day
  • conjunction
  • Although
  • In the event that; if
  • pronoun
  • Which time

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

more

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US / mɔ:(r) /

UK / mɔr, mor /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition; extra
  • Greater in amount, number, or size
  • adverb
  • To a greater degree; in greater quantity
  • For a longer period of time
  • determiner
  • Additional quantity
  • pronoun
  • A greater or additional number

because

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US / bɪ'kɒz /

UK / bɪˈkɔz, -ˈkʌz /

A1
  • conjunction
  • For a reason

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

some

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US / səm /

UK / sʌm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Remarkable; very good (or very bad) in a way
  • Concerning a certain unclear degree, quantity
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to an unspecified amount or number
  • pronoun
  • Number of persons, things in a group, but not all

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

right

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US / raɪt /

UK / raɪt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
  • adverb
  • Exactly in a place or time
  • Being appropriate for a particular event
  • In a straight or direct manner
  • noun
  • Something you are legally or morally allowed to do
  • Ideal of what is just and good
  • Political view based on conservatism
  • verb
  • To fix something previously wrong or unjust
  • To make upright, as a boat that has turned over

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

thing

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US / θɪŋ /

UK / θɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • (Used to introduce the reason for something)
  • Something you cannot remember the name of

then

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US / ðen /

UK / ðɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
  • Following on reasonably from what was just stated
  • At that time, not now

back

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US / bæk /

UK / bæk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
  • Have returned to a place you were before
  • noun
  • The part of a chair that the upper body leans upon
  • Location at the rear of something
  • The reverse of side something
  • Area on the rear of your body
  • verb
  • To bet money on something
  • To go backwards in a car
  • To support and encourage someone or some cause

these

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US / ði:z /

UK / ðiz /

A1
  • determiner
  • People, things, or ideas near you
  • pronoun
  • The objects near the speaker

let

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US / let /

UK / lɛt /

A1
  • verb
  • To allow someone to do something
  • Introducing a suggestion to do something together
  • To rent a house, etc. to others

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

first

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US / fɜ:st /

UK / fɚst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • 1st; Coming before all others in time or place
  • noun
  • Something that has not happened before
  • Position of the winner of a competition

where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

even

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US / 'i:vn /

UK / ˈivən /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in influence, power, possibility etc.
  • Being divided equally or fairly
  • (Of teams/contest) with similar chances of success
  • Smooth, level, or regular
  • Can be divided by 2; ending in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0
  • At a regular, equally steady manner
  • Remaining steady and unchanging
  • adverb
  • (When this is surprising) as well; too
  • (Used to compare two things/stress the difference)
  • verb
  • To make something level; to flatten
  • To make something equal

over

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US / 'əʊvə(r) /

UK / ˈovɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
  • Towards the ground/away from a standing position
  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
  • other
  • Finished
  • preposition
  • Showing the relation when a thing is above another
  • On or covering something
  • Above or across something
  • More than you need
  • From one side to the other
  • In the direction of; toward

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

very

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US / 'verɪ /

UK / ˈvɛri /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a large degree or amount
  • adverb
  • A lot; much; many
  • Used to stress or emphasize a noun

who

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US / hu: /

UK / hu /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Which person
  • Used to introduce information about people

people

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US / 'pi:pl /

UK / ˈpipəl /

A1
  • noun
  • Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • Men, Women, Children

down

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US / daʊn /

UK / daʊn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
  • Not operating, working, or functioning as expected
  • adverb
  • In a sitting or lying position
  • Towards or on the ground, floor, or bottom
  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
  • Along something's path, course, or direction
  • Going from a higher position to a lower position
  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

which

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US / wɪtʃ /

UK / hwɪtʃ,wɪtʃ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Question word to ask about a person's choice
  • pronoun
  • (Used to describe something previously mentioned)
  • Question word to decide either, or

two

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • number
  • 2

lot

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US / lɒt /

UK / lɑt /

A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

our

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US / 'aʊə(r) /

UK / aʊr /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to us

something

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US / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

UK / ˈsʌmθɪŋ /

A1
  • adverb
  • In some degree or measure
  • noun
  • a person or thing of some value or consequence
  • pronoun
  • Thing that is not yet known or named
  • Approximately

try

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US / traɪ /

UK / traɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of putting the ball over the rugby goal line
  • verb
  • To make an effort, to attempt to do something
  • To examine someone or something in a court of law
  • To test to see if it is good or you like it
  • To make a person go through hardship; test
  • To examine something to see if it works

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
  • Nasty; unkind
  • Not liking to spend money; cheap; stingy
  • noun
  • Average of a set of numbers
  • verb
  • To express a particular idea or thought
  • To intend to do something in particular
  • To have a particular meaning or value

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

off

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US / ɒf /

UK / ɔ:f /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of event) canceled; no longer occurring
  • Not having on; not wearing
  • Being somewhat wrong
  • adverb
  • Separated, removed, or away from a place or route
  • (Of a machine) no longer turned on or operating
  • (Of light, computer) no longer attached/connected
  • Far away in terms of time or space
  • preposition
  • Away or free from work
  • (Of foods, drink) old and bad to eat, drink
  • Extending or leading from something
  • No longer in or on some transport or vehicle

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

any

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US / 'enɪ /

UK / ˈɛni /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • One, or some, no matter which
  • pronoun
  • One (thing) of many; some

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

his

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US / hɪz /

UK / hɪz /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Something belonging to a male person

next

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US / nekst /

UK / nɛkst /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Immediately after the previous one
  • First occurrence after the present one
  • adverb
  • The one that follows another in time or order
  • At a time or place directly after the present one
  • noun
  • The one that follows after

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

great

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US / ɡreɪt /

UK / ɡret /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
  • Very important
  • Very good; fantastic; wonderful
  • adverb
  • Very good; better than before
  • noun
  • Successful and well-admired person

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

happen

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US / 'hæpən /

UK / ˈhæpən /

A1
  • verb
  • To take place or occur

today

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US / tə'deɪ /

UK / təˈde /

A1
  • adverb
  • On this day; at the time that is happening now
  • noun
  • This day; day that is happening now

long

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US / lɒŋ /

UK / lɔŋ, lɑŋ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Large distance from one end to the other
  • Having many parts, e.g. a book with many chapters
  • adverb
  • For a large amount of time
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To have a strong desire for something or someone

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

bad

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US / bæd /

UK / bæd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not good; wrong
  • Lacking in good morals; evil
  • No longer fresh; spoiled

maybe

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US / ˈmeɪbi /

UK / ˈmebi /

A1
  • adverb
  • Possibly but not certainly; perhaps

point

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US / pɔɪnt /

UK / pɔɪnt /

A1
  • noun
  • An item to be discussed
  • Small spot or dot
  • Fact or detail
  • Feature of something
  • The size of the text on a page or screen
  • A certain time or stage in a process
  • Certain position in time or space
  • Idea or fact you try to convince people about
  • Measurement of scores in a game, sport
  • Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
  • verb
  • To face a certain direction, e.g. north
  • To indicate something with your finger to others

everything

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US / 'evrɪθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • All of the things mentioned

though

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US / ðəu /

UK / ðo /

A1
  • adverb
  • Although, despite the fact that

anything

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US / ˈeniθɪŋ /

UK / ˈɛniˌθɪŋ /

A1
  • pronoun
  • A thing of any kind

hard

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US / hɑ:d /

UK / hɑː(r)d /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Difficult to do; difficult to understand
  • (Of facts) not able to be misunderstood; clear
  • (Of alcohol) strong
  • Involving or requiring lots of work, effort, care
  • Being full of pain, trouble, and problems
  • Strong
  • (Of edge) clear; sharp
  • Difficult to bend, break or cut; solid
  • adverb
  • With lots of force, power, or impact

hear

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • verb
  • To be aware of sound; to perceive with the ear
  • To be told or find out information or facts
  • To consider or listen to a court case

bring

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US / brɪŋ /

UK / brɪŋ /

A1
  • verb
  • To take or go with someone to a place

far

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US / fɑ:(r) /

UK / fɑr /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A long way away
  • Being a long way away
  • adverb
  • To a large degree or extent

real

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US / rɪəl /

UK / ˈriəl, ril /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • Being important or special

ask

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US / ɑ:sk /

UK / æsk /

A1
  • verb
  • To say to someone that you want something

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

once

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US / wʌns /

UK / wʌns /

A1
  • adverb
  • One time; one instance
  • At a time in the past
  • conjunction
  • When; as soon as

everyone

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US / ˈevriwʌn /

UK / ˈɛvriˌwʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Every person; everybody

hold

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US / həʊld /

UK / hold /

A1
  • noun
  • Section of a ship or plane used for storing things
  • Influence or power held over someone
  • Place of support for hands or feet when climbing
  • verb
  • To agree to keep something for someone
  • To have the capacity to support/contain something
  • To control an area and protect it from attack
  • To not allow someone to leave a place
  • To cause an event to happen at a place or time
  • To use hands or arms to carry or keep something
  • To have a specific quality or property
  • To keep an image, belief or feeling in your mind
  • To have or own something
  • To wait before being able to talk on the phone
  • To limit the movement of someone in a sport

since

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US / sɪns /

UK / sɪns /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a point before the present time
  • conjunction
  • For this reason; because
  • preposition
  • From the time in the past that

become

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US / bɪ'kʌm /

UK / bɪˈkʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To begin to be; grow to be; develop into
  • To be suitable for a particular job or role

else

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US / els /

UK / ɛls /

A1
  • adverb
  • Otherwise; if you fail to
  • (Of person place thing etc.) besides; in addition

question

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US / 'kwestʃən /

UK / ˈkwɛstʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Issue or problems you are dealing with
  • What you ask about; issue
  • verb
  • To ask for or try to get information
  • To have or express concerns or uncertainty

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

fact

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US / fækt /

UK / fækt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something that is known or proved to be true

such

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US / sʌtʃ /

UK / sʌtʃ /

A1
  • adverb
  • (Used to emphasize the quality of an adjective)
  • determiner
  • Being similar to
  • (Thing) as previously stated or referred to

until

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US / ənˈtɪl /

UK / ʌnˈtɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Up to; to a time when something happens
  • preposition
  • Before (a specific time)

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

early

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US / ˈɜ:li /

UK / ˈɜ:rli /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening or appearing before
  • adverb
  • Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • Happening sooner than expected

follow

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US / ˈfɔləu /

UK / ˈfɑlo /

A1
  • verb
  • To come after someone; be guided by someone
  • To support someone, e.g. singer or comedian
  • To be the logical result of something
  • To happen after something else happens
  • To believe a set of values or a moral teacher
  • To understand something happening or being said

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

fall

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US / fɔ:l /

UK / fɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
  • A drop in amount; decrease
  • Dropping from a standing position to the ground
  • verb
  • To drop in amount; to decrease
  • To come down from a higher position suddenly
  • To go from standing to the ground, by accident

mind

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US / maɪnd /

UK / maɪnd /

A1
  • noun
  • One's opinion or way of thinking about something
  • Part of humans that allows us to think or feel
  • verb
  • To be bothered or upset by something
  • To take care of someone e.g. as a bodyguard

create

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US / krɪ'eɪt /

UK / kriˈet /

A1
  • verb
  • To make, cause, or bring into existence

fine

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US / faɪn /

UK / faɪn /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Good, acceptable or satisfactory
  • Of high quality; made with great skill
  • In a careful or exact manner; into small pieces
  • Being of high quality
  • Good; okay; no problem
  • (Of weather) good; not raining
  • noun
  • Money you have to pay because you broke a rule
  • verb
  • To pay money because you broke a law

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

late

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US / leɪt /

UK / let /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Happening near the end of a given time
  • Having died; having held some position recently
  • At a time after the expected time
  • adverb
  • At a time after the expected time

piece

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US / pi:s /

UK / pis /

A1
  • noun
  • A counter in a board game
  • Small part of something larger
  • verb
  • To put items together to assemble something

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

term

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US / tɜ:m /

UK / tɚm /

A1
  • noun
  • Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • Length of time something is expected to happen
  • Fixed period of weeks for learning at school
  • The (precise) name given to something
  • verb
  • To call; give a name to

morning

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US / 'mɔ:nɪŋ /

UK / ˈmɔrnɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • Early part of the day before 12 p.m

difficult

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US / 'dɪfɪkəlt /

UK / ˈdɪfɪˌkʌlt, -kəlt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it

main

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US / meɪn /

UK / men /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Most important; most often used

company

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US / 'kʌmpənɪ /

UK / ˈkʌmpəni /

A1
  • noun
  • Good feeling from being with someone else
  • A business that sells things or provides services
  • Guests, especially in your home
  • Being with another person rather than alone

position

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US / pəˈzɪʃn /

UK / pəˈzɪʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • Specific location where someone or something is
  • Where you play or your role on a sports team
  • Person's job or status level
  • Set of conditions affecting what you can (not) do
  • verb
  • To put in a particular location or direction

mess

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US / mes /

UK / mɛs /

A2
  • noun
  • Something that is untidy, dirty or unclean
  • verb
  • To make something untidy or dirty

social

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US / ˈsəuʃəl /

UK / ˈsoʃəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
  • Liking being with other people; friendly
  • Living together and depending on each other

mark

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US / mɑ:k /

UK / mɑrk /

A2
  • noun
  • Person's name
  • A dirty spot or line on something
  • Grade or score given for homework
  • Line or symbol made when writing
  • Particular point on a scale of measurement
  • Grade, such as a student receives in school
  • Stain or spot on something
  • Sign or symbol of a quality of feeling
  • Written sign or symbol
  • verb
  • To put a dirty spot or line on something
  • To give a grade for homework
  • To indicate something with a sign or symbol
  • To make or leave a visible sign of (path, etc.)
  • (Animals) to go to the toilet to show your area
  • To write or draw a line on something

road

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US / rəʊd /

UK / rəʊd /

A1
  • noun
  • Long piece of hard land for cars to travel on

increase

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US / ɪn'kri:s /

UK / ɪnˈkris /

A1
  • noun
  • Fact of increasing; amount something grows by
  • verb
  • To make or become larger in size or amount

kick

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US / kɪk /

UK / kɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • Feeling of enjoyment or excitement
  • verb
  • To hit or move something with the foot

rate

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US / reɪt /

UK / ret /

A1
  • noun
  • Current price or cost of something
  • Speed or frequency of events over time
  • verb
  • To assess something or consider its qualities

fix

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US / fɪks /

UK / fɪks /

A2
  • noun
  • Answer to a problem
  • verb
  • To arrange or prepare something
  • To attach something so it will not move or change
  • To dishonestly arrange the result of a game
  • To make an animal unable to produce young
  • To make something whole or able to work again

rise

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US / raɪz /

UK / raɪz /

A1
  • noun
  • Act or process of achieving a higher rank, status
  • Ground higher than the areas next to or around it
  • Movement from lower to greater heights
  • verb
  • To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
  • (Of bread) to get larger due to air being created
  • To achieve greater success and power or rank
  • To increase in quantity, degree, strength, value
  • To move from a lower position to a higher one
  • (Sun, etc.) to appear over the horizon, in the sky

government

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US / ˈgʌvənmənt /

UK / ˈɡʌvənmənt /

A1
  • noun
  • Group of people and system that rule a nation

anybody

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US / ˈenibɒdi /

UK / ˈenibʌdi /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Any person; anyone

title

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US / 'taɪtl /

UK / ˈtaɪtl /

A2
  • noun
  • Book produced by a publisher
  • Name given to something to identify or describe it
  • Name showing profession, marriage or social status
  • (Legal) the right to own something, e.g. property
  • Position of being the winner in a sport or contest
  • verb
  • To give a name to identify or describe something

fail

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US / feɪl /

UK / fel /

A1
  • noun
  • A mark on a test showing you did not pass
  • verb
  • To be unsuccessful in passing a class or exam
  • To not do or provide something that is needed
  • To stop working or functioning; to break down
  • To not achieve a goal, or to go wrong

period

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US / ˈpɪəriəd /

UK / ˈpɪriəd /

A1
  • noun
  • Set amount of time during which events take place
  • A way to emphasize what you will say
  • A full stop (.), marking the end of a sentence
  • A menstrual cycle
  • A set time for a class to be held

paper

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US / ˈpeɪpə(r) /

UK / ˈpeɪpər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Not existing in reality, or done infrequently
  • Made from the material that we use to make books
  • noun
  • Academic writing or a talk on a specific topic
  • Written test
  • Newspaper
  • Pages of a book are made from this
  • verb
  • To use paper to cover something, e.g. walls

ourselves

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US / ɑ:ˈselvz /

UK / aʊrˈsɛlvz, ɑr- /

A2
  • pronoun
  • (Showing speaker is affected by their own action)

doubt

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US / daʊt /

UK / daʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
  • verb
  • To question the truth or certainty of something

pain

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US / peɪn /

UK / pen /

A1
  • noun
  • Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • Something or someone that bothers or upsets you
  • verb
  • To cause someone to feel upset or worry

interest

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US / 'ɪntrəst /

UK / ˈɪntrɪst, -tərɪst, -ˌtrɛst /

A1
  • noun
  • Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • Activity or subject one enjoys doing or learning
  • Fee for borrowing money
  • verb
  • To make someone want to know about something
  • To persuade to do, become involved with something

billion

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US / ˈbɪljən /

UK / ˈbɪljən /

A2
  • noun
  • Number 1,000,000,000

bill

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US / bɪl /

UK / bɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
  • Sign or poster advertising something
  • Paper money; a bank note
  • Piece of paper showing what you have to pay
  • Hard, often pointed part of a bird's mouth
  • Person's name
  • verb
  • To request payment by handing over an invoice

culture

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US / 'kʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkʌltʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • Beliefs and customs of a particular group

global

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US / ˈgləʊbl /

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
  • Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

strength

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US / streŋθ /

UK / strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Condition of being strong

political

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US / pəˈlɪtɪkl /

UK / pəˈlɪtɪkəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being active or interested in government matters
  • Diplomatic
  • Of the system of elections and government
  • Concerning government or public affairs
  • Involved in getting of power/influence in a group

international

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US / ˌɪntə'næʃnəl /

UK / ˌɪntɚˈnæʃənəl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of or relating to several countries
  • noun
  • Person playing sport for their country

bank

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US / bæŋk /

UK / bæŋk /

A1
  • noun
  • A financial institution that keeps or lends money
  • The side of a river
  • A row of things in lines (e.g. computers)
  • verb
  • To put or keep your money in a bank
  • To turn a plane when flying; (of a plane) to turn

argue

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US / ˈɑ:gju: /

UK / ˈɑ:rgju: /

A1
  • verb
  • To fight or disagree over something
  • To state your reasons for or against an idea

economy

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US / ɪ'kɒnəmɪ /

UK / ɪˈkɑnəmi /

A1
  • noun
  • Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • Total of all goods, services and wages in an area

guest

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US / ɡest /

UK / ɡɛst /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to people visiting or staying at a place
  • noun
  • Person invited to visit or stay in someone's home
  • Paying customer at a hotel or restaurant

debate

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US / dɪ'beɪt /

UK / dɪˈbet /

A2
  • noun
  • General public discussion of a topic
  • A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
  • verb
  • To consider options before making a decision
  • To take part in a formal discussion

financial

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US / faɪˈnænʃl /

UK / faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Involving money

growth

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US / grəʊθ /

UK / groʊθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Improvement, development in a skill over time
  • A mass on the skin or body part related to illness
  • Act of growing

flick

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US / flɪk /

UK / flɪk /

B1
  • noun
  • Hitting something with your finger to move it
  • verb
  • To hit something with your finger to move it
  • To move a button, switch from on, off positions

scare

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US / skeə(r) /

UK / sker /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of making some feel frightened
  • Something causing people to be afraid
  • verb
  • To become frightened
  • To make someone feel frightened or worried

capital

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US / 'kæpɪtl /

UK / ˈkæpɪtl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Main, or major
  • noun
  • Writing the first letter of a word in big letters
  • Official main city of a country, province or state
  • Collective name for money, shares, and assets
  • Money that is used for a business

commercial

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US / kəˈmə:ʃəl /

UK / kəˈmɚʃəl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • noun
  • Radio or television advertisement

phase

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US / feɪz /

UK / fez /

A2
  • noun
  • Different stages of the moon from new to full
  • Distinct part or step in a process
  • One stage of a process or series of stages
  • verb
  • To make happen in a gradual ordered way

consequence

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US / ˈkɔnsikwəns /

UK / ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛns,-kwəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Importance of a person or thing
  • Outcome of an event; result

investment

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US / ɪnˈvestmənt /

UK / ɪnˈvɛstmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Something purchased hoping its value will increase
  • Act of giving time, energy to see a future reward

rescue

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US / 'reskju: /

UK / ˈrɛskju /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of saving someone in danger or in trouble
  • verb
  • To save someone who is in danger or in trouble

significantly

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfəkəntlɪ /

A2
  • adverb
  • In a way that is important or noticeable
  • In a way that is meaningful

firm

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US / fɜ:m /

UK / fɚm /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Fairly hard or solid, not soft
  • Unchanging and strong
  • noun
  • Company that sells goods or services
  • verb
  • To make something become more solid or durable

trace

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US / treɪs /

UK / tres /

B1
  • noun
  • Very small quantity of something
  • verb
  • To make an outline to determine a shape
  • To find someone or something that has disappeared
  • To draw the outline of an image through thin paper

immediate

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US / ɪˈmi:diət /

UK / ɪˈmidiɪt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being the very next to or just after
  • Done without delay; straight away

rapid

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US / ˈræpɪd /

UK / ˈræpɪd /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Moving or happening very quickly
  • noun
  • Rough and fast-moving part of a river

insurance

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US / ɪnˈʃʊərəns /

UK / ɪnˈʃʊrəns /

A2
  • noun
  • Protection against loss/injury/death you pay for

weakness

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US / ˈwi:knəs /

UK / ˈwiknɪs /

A2
  • noun
  • Fault or bad quality preventing success
  • State, condition of not being powerful or strong
  • Liking for something that you are a bit ashamed of

minimalist

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US / ˈmɪnɪməlɪst /

UK / ˈmɪnəməlɪst /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Emphasizing extreme simplification in form
  • noun
  • Person emphasizing extreme simplification in form

estate

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US / ɪˈsteɪt /

UK / ɪˈstet /

A2
  • noun
  • A large piece of land, usually with a large house
  • Group of houses all built at the same time

instrument

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US / 'ɪnstrəmənt /

UK / ˈɪnstrəmənt /

A2
  • noun
  • Gauge for measuring something, e.g. temperature
  • Legal document
  • Device that is used for creating music
  • Device used for a certain purpose, precise work

depression

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US / dɪ'preʃn /

UK / dɪˈprɛʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Medical condition of a lack of vitality
  • Period of unemployment and low economic activity

founder

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US / ˈfaʊndə(r) /

UK / ˈfaʊndɚ /

B1
  • noun
  • Person establishing an organization, school etc.
  • verb
  • (Of business, idea, etc.) to fail
  • (Of a ship) To be sinking after hitting rocks

arc

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US / ɑ:k /

UK / ɑrk /

B2
  • noun
  • Smoothly curving line or movement
  • verb
  • To bend in a smooth curve

scope

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US / skəʊp /

UK / skoʊp /

B1
  • noun
  • Opportunity for action or thought
  • Range of things included or dealt with
  • Instrument that you use to look at things

fabric

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US / ˈfæbrɪk /

UK / ˈfæbrɪk /

B1
  • noun
  • Cloth or material
  • Basic structure

frequent

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US / ˈfri:kwənt /

UK / ˈfrikwənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Happening often
  • verb
  • To go to a place regularly

productivity

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US / ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti /

UK / ˌprɑ:dʌkˈtɪvəti /

B1
  • noun
  • Rate at which people or machines produce

intervention

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US / ˌɪntə'venʃn /

UK / ˌɪntə'venʃn /

B1
  • noun
  • Getting involved to solve a disagreement, problem

unstoppable

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US / ʌnˈstɒpəbl /

UK / ʌnˈstɑ:pəbl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Not capable of being stopped

appetite

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US / 'æpɪtaɪt /

UK / ˈæpɪˌtaɪt /

B1
  • noun
  • Feeling of hunger or desire for something

undermine

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US / ˌʌndəˈmaɪn /

UK / ˌʌndərˈmaɪn /

B2
  • verb
  • To weaken or destroy secretly and usually slowly

chairman

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US / 'tʃeəmən /

UK / ˈtʃɛrmən /

B1
  • noun
  • A man in charge of a meeting
  • The person who leads a company or organization

consensus

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US / kənˈsensəs /

UK / kənˈsɛnsəs /

B1
  • noun
  • A decision that is shared by most of a group

irony

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US / 'aɪrənɪ /

UK / ˈaɪrəni, ˈaɪə- /

B2
  • noun
  • Quality of being funny because it is the opposite

breakout

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US / ˈbreɪkaʊt /

UK / ˈbrekˌaʊt /

C2
  • noun
  • Escape from jail

illinois

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US / ˌɪlɪ'nɔɪ(z) /

UK / ˌɪlə'nɔɪ /

A1
  • other
  • A member of the Algonquian people formerly of Illinois and regions to the west
  • A midwestern state in north-central United States
  • Algonquian language of the Illinois and Miami

precedent

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US / ˈpresɪdənt /

UK / ˈprɛsɪdənt /

B1
  • noun
  • A similar action happening before now

capitalism

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US / ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm /

UK / ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Economic system where companies own industry

continental

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US / ˌkɒntɪˈnentl /

UK / ˌkɑ:ntɪˈnentl /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of or typical of the culture of mainland Europe
  • Concerning or found on a continent
  • noun
  • Person living on mainland Europe

destabilize

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US / ˌdi:'steɪbəlaɪz /

UK / diˈstebəˌlaɪz /

B2
  • verb
  • To make unstable or unpredictable

bailout

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US / ˈbeɪlaʊt /

UK / ˈbelˌaʊt /

C2
  • noun
  • Giving money to help someone get out of debt

contagion

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US / kən'teɪdʒən /

UK / kənˈtedʒən /

C2
  • noun
  • Communication of an emotional state among people

rockefeller

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US / ˈrɒkəˌfɛlə /

UK / ˈrɑkəˌfɛlər /

A1

sharma

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US / ˈʃɑrmə /

UK / /

A1

deregulation

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US / ˌdi:ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃn /

UK / ˌdi:ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃn /

C1
  • noun
  • State of doing away with rules or regulations

interconnectedness

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • noun
  • The state of being connected with each other.

fdic

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US / ˌef diː aɪ ˈsiː /

UK / ˌef diː aɪ ˈsiː /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • FDIC is an acronym

cio

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • abbreviation
  • Cry-it-out (a method of sleep training in which a young child is left to fall asleep on their own an
  • (in North America) Congress of Industrial Organizations.
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The culture of bailouts is destabilizing the global financial system, according to Rasheer Sharma, Chairman of Rockefeller International. In a recent piece for the Financial Times titled 'The Unstoppable Rise of Government Rescues,' Sharma discusses the evolution of government intervention in the economy and its consequences. He argues that the founders of capitalism believed in a minimalist government approach, but the Great Depression changed this perspective as excessive government involvement became a weakness. Since then, the scope of government in the economy has continued to increase, leading to a culture of bailouts. Even in the 1980s, a period associated with unfettered capitalism and deregulation, the first big bailout of continental Illinois marked the beginning of a trend. As bailouts have become bigger and more frequent, the fear of letting anything fail has made everything 'too big to fail,' resulting in a high degree of interconnectedness and immediate contagion. Sharma suggests that this has real consequences, such as low productivity growth in the economy. The article delves into the need for reevaluating the culture of bailouts and finding alternative approaches to ensure stability in the global financial system.
  • Subtitles section
  • Our next guest argues that a culture of bailouts is destabilizing the global financial system.
  • We want to bring in Rockefeller International Chairman Rasheer Sharma.
  • He is the founder and CIO of investment firm Breakout Capital.
  • His latest piece for the Financial Times is titled The Unstoppable Rise of Government Rescues.
  • And Rasheer, your point in all of this is, this is a fine mess we've gotten ourselves into.
  • We don't know how we get out.
  • Exactly.
  • What I try and do in this piece is just trace how far we have come, which is that the founders of capitalism had a minimalist government culture in their mind.
  • And that's the culture we really followed until we had the Great Depression, when a strength was taken too far, it became a weakness.
  • And it became the Great Depression.
  • Since then, we have gone in terms of increasing the scope of government in the economy.
  • And the irony is this, that just in the 1980s, even though we think of it as a period of unfettered capitalism and deregulation, that really marked the starting point of when you got this rescue culture,
  • When you had the first big bailout of a bank in the early 1980s of continental Illinois.
  • And since then, the bailouts have gotten bigger, the rescues more frequent.
  • And we are now in this position where letting anything fail has become too difficult because everything is too big to fail.
  • And the interconnectedness is something which scares us.
  • So you get immediate phase of contagion.
  • So this is a long arc in terms of where we have come.
  • And this has real consequences.
  • We were arguing now that so far that the bill of the FDIC rescue maybe 90 billion.
  • I think that's just not the main story here.
  • The main story is that why do we have such low productivity growth in the economy today?
  • And productivity growth has been falling over time.
  • And I think that one of the main reasons for that has to do with the fact that we have so much government intervention, which is undermining the social fabric of capitalism.
  • Rishir, I hear your point, but I think there are going to be a lot of questions.
  • I mean, we've been talking this morning about what comes next.
  • If you're going to paper over some of the bank's problems, do you then have to do it for commercial real estate?
  • Do you then have to do it for insurance companies or for anybody else who's holding these instruments that have been marked down significantly because of the rapid rise of interest rates?
  • I hear your point that that creates a really bad problem.
  • It doesn't fix things.
  • It just kicks the can down the road.
  • But I think the bigger question that people are asking right now is what happens if they don't?
  • What's it look like?
  • Exactly.
  • So I have no doubt that they're all going to be rescued, right, because there is no appetite for any pain.
  • And there is in terms of the political consensus is not there to take any pain.
  • So I have no debate.
  • So what should be done and what will be done are two very different issues.
  • In terms of what should be done is I think that everyone's going to be rescued because once you set a precedent, it's very hard to back off from it.