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Panama Canal Low Water Levels: What This Means For Global Trade?

Video vocabulary

delay

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US / dɪˈleɪ /

UK / dɪˈle /

A2
  • noun
  • Action of being late or happening later
  • verb
  • To wait some amount of time before doing something
  • To do something later than is planned or expected
  • To stop something from happening for a time

story

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US / 'stɔ:rɪ /

UK / ˈstɔri, ˈstori /

A1
  • noun
  • One of many floors or levels in a building
  • Account or description of how something happened

freshwater

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US / 'freʃwɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtɚ, -ˌwɑtɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Water that is not salty

here

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US / hɪə(r) /

UK / hɪr /

A1
  • adverb
  • In this place; at this location, position or time

production

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US / prəˈdʌkʃn /

UK / prəˈdʌkʃən, pro- /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of producing or growing food naturally
  • Process of making something on a large scale
  • Process of making a movie or TV show

always

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US / 'ɔ:lweɪz /

UK / ˈɔlwez,-wɪz,-wiz /

A1
  • adverb
  • For a very long time
  • At all times; in every situation
  • For ever

dimension

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US / daɪˈmenʃn /

UK / dɪˈmɛnʃən, daɪ- /

B1
  • noun
  • Number of planes (X, Y, Z axes) an object has
  • Measurement in space, e.g. length or diameter
  • Scope, extent or size of something abstract

container

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US / kənˈteɪnə(r) /

UK / kənˈtenɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • An object that can be used to hold things

draft

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US / drɑ:ft /

UK / dræft /

B1
  • noun
  • Withdrawal of money from the bank
  • System for selecting people to join the military
  • Method of selecting players for sports teams
  • Cold wind coming through a door or window
  • First attempt at a piece of writing
  • verb
  • To order people to join the army in time of war
  • To select people for a task or team
  • To write something that will be edited later

panamax

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US / /

UK / /

A1
  • adjective
  • Denoting a ship having the maximum permissible dimensions (length, breadth, and draft) for transitin

area

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US / 'eərɪə /

UK / ˈɛriə /

A1
  • noun
  • Amount of measured space
  • A specific section or space; part of a region
  • A subject or field of study

backup

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US / ˈbækʌp /

UK / ˈbækˌʌp /

A2
  • noun
  • Making additional copies of your computer data

capture

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US / 'kæptʃə(r) /

UK / ˈkæptʃɚ /

B1
  • verb
  • To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
  • To record, tape, or film something
  • To catch and prevent from being free
  • To take control of a place or object by force

marine

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US / mə'ri:n /

UK / məˈrin /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the ocean or ocean plants and animals
  • Concerning sailing or doing business by sea
  • noun
  • Soldier trained to serve on land and sea

loading

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US / ˈləʊdɪŋ /

UK / ˈlodɪŋ /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of putting things on a truck, ship, etc.
  • verb
  • To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

reason

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US / 'ri:zn /

UK / ˈrizən /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to think about facts and form a judgment
  • Explanation for why something occurred or was done
  • verb
  • To think and make conclusions in a logical manner

side

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US / saɪd /

UK / saɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • In addition to the central or most important thing
  • Next to, or very close to, the right or left of
  • noun
  • Position or opinion that is opposite to another
  • Right or left part of a person's body
  • Feature of someone's personality
  • Straight edge of an object
  • One of two or more groups fighting each other
  • verb
  • To decide to agree with one point, not the other

too

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US / tu: /

UK / tu /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition, also; with emphasis
  • Say that something is more than you want

exactly

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US / ɪgˈzæktli /

UK / ɪɡˈzæktli /

A1
  • adverb
  • No more and no less than; precisely

series

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US / ˈsɪəri:z /

UK / ˈsɪriz /

A1
  • noun
  • Set of stories or articles on a particular subject
  • other
  • Number of things that happen one after another

should

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US / ʃʊd /

UK / ʃʊd /

A1
  • other
  • Used to indicate what is proper or reasonable

global

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US / ˈgləʊbl /

UK / ˈgloʊbl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
  • Of, affecting, or involving the entire world

restriction

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US / rɪˈstrɪkʃn /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Law or rule that controls or limits something

while

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US / waɪl /

UK / hwaɪl, waɪl /

A1
  • conjunction
  • In spite of the fact that; although
  • During the time that; at the same time
  • noun
  • Short amount of time

trade

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US / treɪd /

UK / treid /

A2
  • noun
  • A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
  • Action of buying and selling things in business
  • The buying and selling of goods and services
  • Exchanging something for something else
  • Job often requiring physical skills, e.g. plumbing
  • verb
  • To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
  • To give something in return for something else

traffic

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US / 'træfɪk /

UK / ˈtræfɪk /

A2
  • noun
  • The cars or vehicles on the road
  • Amount of activity over a communication system

wait

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US / weɪt /

UK / wet /

A1
  • verb
  • To delay or not do something until later
  • To spend time until an expected thing happens
  • To remain in a place until a thing happens

actually

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US / ˈæktʃuəli /

UK / ˈæktʃuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to add new (often different) information

historic

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US / hɪˈstɒrɪk /

UK / hɪˈstɔrɪk, -ˈstɑr- /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of past event) having an effect on future; famous
  • Connected with the past

use

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US / ju:s /

UK / ju:s /

A1
  • noun
  • Ability to employ something
  • Need to enable it to work
  • Permission to do something with something
  • Act of spending money
  • Operation of a machine for its function
  • verb
  • To have; to eat, drink, consume etc.
  • To need to operate or work
  • To operate a machine, e.g. a computer
  • To treat a person badly
  • To do something with, for a task or purpose

carrier

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US / ˈkæriə(r) /

UK / ˈkæriɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • A company, e.g. mail, airline, that carries things
  • Someone with a disease who gives it to another
  • someone who does not suffer from a disease but has the infection or genetic fault that causes it and

certain

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US / ˈsə:tn /

UK / ˈsɚtn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Definite, fixed
  • Referring to an unspecified amount or quantity
  • Being sure about something; without doubt

day

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US / deɪ /

UK / de /

A1
  • noun
  • A period of 24 hours beginning at midnight
  • The period of time when it is light outside
  • Person's name

ever

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US / 'evə(r) /

UK / ˈɛvɚ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At any time; at all times in the future

isthmus

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US / ˈɪsməs /

UK / ˈɪsməs /

C2
  • noun
  • Important topic that is argued over by people

jam

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US / dʒæm /

UK / dʒæm /

A2
  • noun
  • Blockage of cars, people making movement difficult
  • Difficult situation that is hard to resolve
  • When a machine stops functioning because stuck
  • Sweet spread for bread made by boiling fruit
  • verb
  • To block a signal (e.g. radio waves)
  • To pack together so things cannot move freely
  • To push into a tight space until it can't move
  • To play music informally without much preparation
  • To stop functioning because something is stuck

lock

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US / lɒk /

UK / lɑ:k /

A2
  • noun
  • Small portion of your hair that hangs together
  • Place on a door, etc. that you close with a key
  • verb
  • To become fixed in place and hard to move
  • To use a key, code so others can't open something

persist

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US / pə'sɪst /

UK / pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst /

B1
  • verb
  • To continue a course of action despite opposition

atlantic

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US / æt'læntɪk /

UK / ætˈlæntɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Of the ocean between Africa and the Americas

both

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US / bəuθ /

UK / boθ /

A1
  • determiner
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time
  • pronoun
  • Used to refer to two things at the same time

freight

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US / freɪt /

UK / fret /

B2
  • noun
  • Commercial transportation of goods

show

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US / ʃəʊ /

UK / ʃo /

A1
  • noun
  • False display of love, emotion or action
  • An event for displaying or promoting goods
  • Play, opera or theater production
  • Presentation that is broadcast on TV or radio
  • verb
  • To be easily seen or displayed
  • To display your emotions or feelings
  • To let someone see something; display
  • To explain or teach how something is done
  • To lead someone somewhere; point them to something
  • To prove something to be true, correct
  • To reveal or allow something to be seen

build

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US / bɪld /

UK / bɪld /

A1
  • noun
  • Your physical shape; physique
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

building

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US / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

UK / ˈbɪldɪŋ /

A1
  • noun
  • A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house
  • verb
  • To establish e.g. a reputation, over time
  • To construct a house, office, factory

old

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US / əʊld /

UK / old /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having existed for a long time, not young or new
  • Age of a person since birth

reflow

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US / ˈriːfləʊ /

UK / ˈriːfloʊ /

A1
  • noun
  • (in word processing) the action of rearranging text on a page after having changed such features as
  • A soldering technique in which surface-mount components are held in position on a circuit board usin
  • transitive verb
  • (in word processing) rearrange (text) on a page, having changed such features as type size, line len
  • Attach (a surface-mount component) using the reflow technique.

dry

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US / draɪ /

UK / draɪ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Of humor) clever, but not obvious; ironic
  • Without water; not wet
  • (Of wine, etc.) not sweet
  • Without butter or jam
  • verb
  • To remove liquid or water from something

all

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US / ɔ:l /

UK / ɔl /

A1
  • adverb
  • Completely; totally
  • determiner
  • Being every one of something
  • pronoun
  • 100% of something; the complete amount

its

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US / ɪts /

UK / ɪts /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Referring to or belonging to ‘it’
  • determiner
  • Of something; belonging or related to something
  • other
  • Possessive form of “it”

pacific

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US / pə'sɪfɪk /

UK / pəˈsɪfɪk /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Relating to or bordering the Pacific Ocean
  • Concerned with peace or of a peaceful nature

super

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US / ˈsu:pə(r) /

UK / ˈsupɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Of the highest quality; great; marvelous

announce

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US / əˈnaʊns /

UK / əˈnaʊns /

A2
  • verb
  • To make a public statement about a plan, decision

between

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US / bɪˈtwi:n /

UK / bɪˈtwin /

A1
  • preposition
  • From one person, thing, or place, to another
  • In the space that separates two objects
  • Among two or more people who share something

chart

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US / tʃɑ:t /

UK / tʃɑ:rt /

B1
  • noun
  • Drawing showing information in a clear way
  • Map of the sea or stars
  • verb
  • To make a plan for future action
  • To make a map of
  • To keep a record of developments over time

original

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US / ə'rɪdʒənl /

UK / əˈrɪdʒənəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Being first made, thought or performed; fresh
  • Being unique or thinking differently from others

queue

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US / kju: /

UK / kju /

B1
  • noun
  • Line of people or cars waiting for something

they

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US / ðeɪ /

UK / ðe /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Two or more people, animals, or things

add

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US / æd /

UK / æd /

A1
  • verb
  • To include as well
  • To put two things or numbers together, e.g. 2+2

article

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US / 'ɑ:tɪkl /

UK / ˈɑrtɪkəl /

A2
  • noun
  • Word such as 'a', 'an', or 'the' used before nouns
  • Piece of writing about a particular subject
  • Piece of something, e.g. clothing
  • Section of a business contract or law

link

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US / lɪŋk /

UK / lɪŋk /

A2
  • noun
  • Any one of the rings that are part of a chain
  • Connection between two or more things or people
  • Webpage item you click to go to another webpage
  • verb
  • To join or connect together

take

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US / teɪk /

UK / tek /

A1
  • noun
  • Filming of a single scene for TV or the movies
  • verb
  • To accept something that is offered
  • To use a method of traveling, e.g. a bus or train
  • To use a camera to make (a photo)
  • To pick up something and go away with it
  • To study a subject in school
  • To attempt to pass (an exam)
  • To require a certain amount of time, money, space

bit

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US / bɪt /

UK / bɪt /

A1
  • noun
  • Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • Small piece of something
  • verb
  • (E.g. of fish) to take bait and be caught

look

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US / lʊk /

UK / lʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Person's beauty or physical attractiveness
  • Particular style of dress, clothes, or appearance
  • The way someone, something appears to be
  • Act of searching for or examining something
  • verb
  • To appear to be; seem

red

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US / red /

UK / rɛd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being the color of blood

regular

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US / ˈregjələ(r) /

UK / ˈrɛɡjəlɚ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Having an equal amount of space or time in between
  • Occurring or being done frequently
  • Being normal, usual, or average
  • noun
  • Customers who frequently visit a place
  • Soldier who has a permanent job in the army

ago

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US / əˈgəʊ /

UK / əˈgoʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a specified length of time in the past

design

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US / dɪˈzaɪn /

UK / dɪˈzaɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • The way something is planned, to fulfill a purpose
  • verb
  • To plan in a particular way to fulfill a purpose
  • To think of a plan

implement

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US / ˈɪmplɪment /

UK / ˈɪmpləmənt /

B1
  • noun
  • A tool
  • verb
  • To start to do something you plan to do

huge

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US / hju:dʒ /

UK / hjudʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Very very large

lake

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US / leɪk /

UK / lek /

A2
  • noun
  • Large area of water surrounded by land

move

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US / mu:v /

UK / muv /

A1
  • noun
  • Act of moving a playing piece in chess, etc.
  • An action; doing something
  • Step taken to achieve a goal
  • verb
  • To cause someone to have certain emotions
  • To cause something to change to a different place
  • To change where people live or a business operates
  • To take action to do or achieve something

their

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US / ðɛː /

UK / ðer /

A1
  • determiner
  • Belonging to them

way

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US / weɪ /

UK / we /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to emphasize the amount of something
  • noun
  • Particular aspect of something being thought about
  • One of various choices that could be made
  • Particular existing condition or state
  • (Often long) distance or length of time
  • How something is done
  • Route to go to a place
  • Small street
  • Usual behavior, emotions or habits of someone

albeit

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US / ˌɔ:lˈbi:ɪt /

UK / ɔlˈbiɪt, æl- /

B1
  • conjunction
  • Way to say 'even though' or 'although'

line

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US / laɪn /

UK / laɪn /

A1
  • noun
  • Border that divides two places or regions
  • Long crease in the skin, often from age
  • Mark that is long, straight and very thin
  • Row of words, letters or numbers that are written
  • Telephone connection
  • People waiting one behind the other; queue
  • Long thin wire, e.g. for electrical signal
  • verb
  • To put material along the inside of something

load

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US / ləʊd /

UK / lod /

A2
  • noun
  • Large, often heavy, amount of a thing to be moved
  • A burden; heavy responsibility
  • Many or much of something; a lot of
  • Items that fill a truck, machine
  • verb
  • To put in items for use (e.g. bullets in a gun)

talk

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US / tɔ:k /

UK / tɔk /

A1
  • noun
  • Style of speaking
  • Discussion between two countries
  • Giving information in front of people; lecture
  • Saying things or ideas to someone with words
  • verb
  • To make a formal speech about something
  • To say things or ideas to someone with words

bulk

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US / bʌlk /

UK / bʌlk /

B1
  • noun
  • Most of something; majority of
  • Big size; largeness; heaviness

dam

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US / dæm /

UK / dæm /

B1
  • noun
  • Wall built to stop the flow of water
  • verb
  • To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing

source

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US / sɔ:s /

UK / sɔrs, sors /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Produces or provides what is wanted or needed
  • noun
  • Piece of information; a person giving information
  • Place from which something necessary comes
  • verb
  • To get, e.g. a raw material, from somewhere

restrict

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US / rɪ'strɪkt /

UK / rɪˈstrɪkt /

A2
  • verb
  • To prevent a person from doing something

start

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US / stɑ:t /

UK / stɑrt /

A1
  • noun
  • First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • First opportunity to achieve something, e.g. a job
  • Sudden action or movement because you are scared
  • other
  • Beginning of something in place or time
  • verb
  • To do, be or happen for the first time; begin
  • To turn something on

set

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US / set /

UK / sɛt /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Prepared for something; ready
  • noun
  • Complete group of something
  • Place where a television show or movie is filmed
  • Group of games in a tennis match
  • Device that receives radio or television signals
  • verb
  • To make a clock state or ring at a particular time
  • To decide upon or choose something
  • To make something ready for use (e.g. table)
  • To decide on a price for something
  • To become hard (of glue, concrete etc.)
  • To be located in a specific place or time
  • To put (e.g. a vase) down carefully in a place
  • To put someone in a certain condition or state
  • (Of the sun) to go lower than the horizon

shortage

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US / ˈʃɔ:tɪdʒ /

UK / ˈʃɔ:rtɪdʒ /

A2
  • noun
  • A lack of something necessary

transit

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US / ˈtrænzɪt /

UK / ˈtrænsɪt, -zɪt /

B1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning a transport system in a city
  • noun
  • System of transportation, often in a city
  • Process of changing planes at airports
  • verb
  • To change from one airplane to another at airports

well

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US / wel /

UK / wɛl /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being in a fortunate, good condition or state
  • Healthy and in good condition
  • adverb
  • In an acceptable, proper, or successful manner
  • In a complete, total, or full manner
  • A great and considerable degree
  • In a successful way, in a good or satisfactory way
  • exclamation
  • Used to begin or continue a particular statement
  • Used to show you want to start saying something
  • Used to express that you are waiting for a reply
  • You say this to change the topic of a conversation
  • Used to indicate you are making a final remark
  • noun
  • Long deep hole in the ground to get water
  • verb
  • To cause your eyes to fill with tears

depend

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US / dɪˈpend /

UK / dɪˈpend /

B1
  • verb
  • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)

green

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US / gri:n /

UK / ɡrin /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of young leaves
  • Covered with vegetation, e.g. grass
  • Concerned about protecting the environment
  • The color of young leaves
  • Lacking in experience/knowledge due to being young
  • Being not fully grown or ripe, as in fruit
  • noun
  • Large grassy area
  • used as a part of a name of a place (UK)

situation

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US / ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn /

UK / ˌsɪtʃuˈeʃən /

A1
  • noun
  • Place, position or area that something is in
  • Circumstance or condition surrounding an event
  • An unexpected problem or difficulty

water

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US / 'wɔ:tə(r) /

UK / ˈwɔtɚ, ˈwɑtɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers and rain
  • Large area such as an ocean or sea
  • verb
  • (Of the eyes) to produce tears
  • (Mouth) to become wet at the thought of nice food
  • To pour liquids onto a plant to keep it alive

commodity

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US / kə'mɒdətɪ /

UK / kəˈmɑdɪti /

B1
  • noun
  • Something useful or valuable, usually for sale

for

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US / fə(r) /

UK / fɔr,fə /

A1
  • preposition
  • Used to show the purpose, or need of something

through

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US / θru: /

UK / θru /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • having finished using or doing something
  • adverb
  • From the beginning of something until the end
  • preposition
  • Over, in, across an entire thing or place
  • Allowing you to pass between, or to
  • By a particular way or process; by the use of

time

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US / taɪm /

UK / taɪm /

A1
  • noun
  • Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • Point as shown on a clock, e.g. 3 p.m
  • Number of hours, minutes needed to do something
  • Occasion when something happens
  • Period or occasion that something occurred
  • Period in history or the past
  • Something measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
  • How long an event takes; duration
  • verb
  • To check speed at which music is performed
  • To choose a specific moment to do something
  • To measure how long an event takes, e.g. a race
  • To schedule something to occur at a specific moment

why

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US / waɪ /

UK / hwaɪ, waɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • Question word to ask for a reason
  • exclamation
  • (Used to express surprise or approval)

face

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US / feɪs /

UK / fes /

A1
  • noun
  • Side or outer surface of something
  • An expression using mouth, nose, eyes etc.
  • Front part of the head where eyes, mouth etc. are
  • Characteristics you show in public
  • verb
  • To cover a surface with something like paint
  • To deal with a problem or responsibilities
  • To look toward; point in a certain direction

those

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US / ðəʊz /

UK / ðoz /

A1
  • determiner
  • The people or things we are talking about
  • pronoun
  • The objects far from the speaker

amount

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US / ə'maʊnt /

UK / əˈmaʊnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Quantity of something
  • verb
  • To add up to a certain figure

canal

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US / kəˈnæl /

UK / kəˈnæl /

B1
  • noun
  • Channel cut through land for boats or ships

crisis

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US / 'kraɪsɪs /

UK / ˈkraɪsɪs /

B1
  • noun
  • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

head

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US / hed /

UK / hɛd /

A1
  • noun
  • Counter for the number of cattle
  • Natural mental ability or intelligence
  • Leader or person with the greatest authority
  • Mind; mental ability; mental state
  • Side of a coin with a head on it
  • Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
  • Starting point of something, e.g. a river
  • verb
  • To hit a ball with your head in a game
  • To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
  • To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
  • To become the leader of something
  • To lead or be responsible for something

gulf

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US / gʌlf /

UK / ɡʌlf /

B1
  • noun
  • Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
  • Wide separation or difference between two groups
  • Deep hole in the ground

operation

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US / ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn /

UK / ˌɑpəˈreʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Business or company, or its activities
  • Functioning; use
  • Medical procedure involving surgery

extremely

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US / ɪkˈstri:mli /

UK / ɪk'strimlɪ /

B1
  • adverb
  • In a way that is much more than usual or expected

few

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US / fju: /

UK / fju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Not many, a small number

much

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US / mʌtʃ /

UK / mʌtʃ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very; to a high level or degree
  • adverb
  • A lot; large amount; a high degree of
  • Nearly; basically
  • On many occasions; often
  • noun
  • A large amount; a great quantity

mike

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US / maɪk /

UK / maɪk /

A1
  • intransitive verb
  • Idle away one's time.
  • noun
  • A microphone.
  • A period of idleness.
  • A code word representing the letter M, used in radio communication.
  • transitive verb
  • Place a microphone close to (someone or something) or in (a place)

northbound

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US / ˈnɔːθbaʊnd /

UK / ˈnɔːrθbaʊnd /

C2
  • noun
  • Moving toward the north

ocean

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US / 'əʊʃn /

UK / ˈoʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Large body of salt water; a large sea

oil

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US / ɔɪl /

UK / ɔɪl /

A2
  • noun
  • A liquid used for frying foods
  • Thick, black liquid in the ground used as fuel
  • verb
  • To add a liquid for frying foods
  • To put liquid in a machine so it will run smoothly

system

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US / 'sɪstəm /

UK / ˈsɪstəm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Working in an organized, logical way
  • noun
  • Set of organized, planned ideas that work together

foot

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US / fʊt /

UK / fʊt /

A1
  • noun
  • Base of something such as a mountain or vase
  • Length of 12 inches or about 25 cm
  • Lowest part of the leg we use to stand on

know

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US / nəʊ /

UK / noʊ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • To feel sure or be convinced about something
  • To discover or be aware of something
  • To be able to distinguish
  • To have knowledge of things

almost

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US / 'ɔ:lməʊst /

UK / ˈɔlˌmost, ɔlˈmost /

A1
  • adverb
  • Only a little less than, nearly, not quite

coast

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US / kəʊst /

UK / kost /

A2
  • noun
  • Land near the sea or ocean
  • verb
  • To progress in something without trying hard
  • (Of a vehicle) to move forward without power

construction

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US / kən'strʌkʃn /

UK / kənˈstrʌkʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Act of building something; thing that is built
  • Something that is made using different parts
  • The way words are organized in a sentence
  • The way something is made or structured

have

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US / həv /

UK / hæv /

A1
  • verb
  • To drink, smoke, eat or use something
  • To experience the effects of something
  • To organize an event, or join in an activity
  • To own, possess, or hold something
  • To cause to happen or produce a particular effect

low

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US / ləʊ /

UK / lo /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a small quantity, supply, or amount
  • Being unhappy or unpleasant in attitude
  • Not high; being near the ground, or bottom
  • (Of a voice, sound) being soft; quiet
  • noun
  • Situation of not having a lot of something

see

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US / si: /

UK / si /

A1
  • verb
  • To go on a date with someone
  • To predict whether something is, or will be true
  • To understand what someone says
  • To use your eyes to look at something
  • To visit a place often for sightseeing or pleasure
  • To visit or meet with someone
  • To find out by waiting or looking
  • To watch (a game, movie or TV show)

break

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US / breɪk /

UK / brek /

A1
  • noun
  • Time you stop an activity before continuing
  • End of a relationship
  • An escape from a place such as a jail
  • (Lucky) advantage or benefit from something
  • Find a solution or answer to a problem or crime
  • Change in the weather
  • verb
  • To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • To form a crack in something
  • To burst or become damaged
  • To end a relationship
  • To escape from a place such as a jail
  • To train a wild animal e.g. a horse
  • To separate into pieces by force, or by dropping
  • To act against a law, rule, or promise
  • To become known suddenly, as in the news
  • To not do what you promised e.g. not keep promises
  • To solve a crime, or answer a problem
  • To stop functioning properly
  • To suddenly start, open or commence
  • To change in pitch suddenly, as in a voice
  • To fall on the shore, as in waves
  • To begin or change suddenly; the dawn or weather
  • To defeat by causing the person to lose their will

fantastic

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US / fænˈtæstɪk /

UK / fænˈtæstɪk /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Strange or unusual in design or appearance
  • Very large, fast or great
  • Hard to believe; amazing

feed

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US / fi:d /

UK / fid /

A2
  • noun
  • Food given to animals
  • verb
  • To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
  • To push something through an opening
  • To provide necessary supplies to

liquefy

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US / ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ /

UK / ˈlɪkwəˌfaɪ /

C1
  • verb
  • To become liquid

recycle

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US / ˌri:'saɪkl /

UK / riˈsaɪkəl /

A2
  • verb
  • To use old ideas or concepts again
  • To send used things to be turned into new things

strongly

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US / strɒŋlɪ /

UK / ˈstrɔŋlɪ /

A1
  • adverb
  • With strength or in a strong manner

problem

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US / ˈprɒbləm /

UK / ˈprɑbləm /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Causing trouble
  • noun
  • Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
  • Question to show understanding of a math concept

swelter

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US / ˈsweltə(r) /

UK / ˈswɛltɚ /

A1
  • verb
  • To be uncomfortably hot; suffer from intense heat

agriculture

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US / ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r) /

UK / ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ /

A2
  • noun
  • The science of farming

end

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US / end /

UK / ɛnd /

A1
  • noun
  • The point where a process or activity stops
  • A point that marks the limit of something; finish
  • Goal or desired result
  • The tip, edge or limit of something
  • verb
  • To be the last part of something

shipping

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US / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

UK / ˈʃɪpɪŋ /

B1
  • noun
  • Business of transporting goods or orders to places
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

datum

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US / ˈdeɪtəm /

UK / ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm /

B1
  • noun
  • Item of factual information

publication

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US / ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn /

UK / ˌpʌblɪˈkeʃən /

A2
  • noun
  • Process of producing a book, magazine
  • Written work that has been printed and issued

via

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US / ˈvaɪə /

UK / ˈvaɪə, ˈviə /

B1
  • preposition
  • By the means of using something
  • By going through, by way of

with

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US / wɪð /

UK / wɪð, wɪθ /

A1
  • preposition
  • As an employee of a certain company
  • Against something or someone
  • By using something as a means
  • Due to; because of
  • Including
  • Possessing as a feature
  • Related to
  • (Of the manner/attitude by which you do something)
  • Used to express that people or things are together

import

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US / 'ɪmpɔ:t /

UK / ˈɪmpɔrt /

A2
  • noun
  • Goods brought into a country from another
  • Importance of a matter or issue
  • verb
  • To bring goods from one country into another

into

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US / 'ɪntə /

UK / ˈɪntu /

A1
  • preposition
  • Moving or going inside something
  • In the same direction as; in the direction of
  • So as to become; taking the state of

other

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US / 'ʌðə(r) /

UK / ˈʌðər /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • A thing different from that mentioned
  • determiner
  • (Something) else; not the first (one)
  • pronoun
  • Being the one and only thing of that category

one

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US / wʌn /

UK / wʌn /

A1
  • pronoun
  • You; we; people in general; someone
  • The thing or person previously referred to
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to people generally
  • Being a strong example of (something mentioned)
  • number
  • Number 1

reload

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US / ˌri:ˈləʊd /

UK / riˈlod /

B1
  • verb
  • To put more items for use inside (e.g. bullets)

than

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US / ðən /

UK / ðən /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used to compare two things that are not equal

across

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US / əˈkrɔs /

UK / əˈkrɔs,əˈkrɑs /

A1
  • adverb
  • Distance from one side to another
  • (Go) from one side to the other of something

this

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US / ðɪs /

UK / ðɪs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Used to indicate something already been discussed
  • Used to indicate something happening around now
  • adverb
  • An indication by a physical motion or gesture
  • A specific amount of
  • determiner
  • Person, thing, or idea near you
  • pronoun
  • Person, thing that has already been discussed

gray

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US / ɡreɪ /

UK / ɡre /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color between black and white (also spelled grey)
  • Lacking cheer or brightness
  • noun
  • Person's name

level

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US / 'levl /

UK / ˈlɛvəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • (Sports) equal to another
  • Being steady and determined (e.g. a voice)
  • noun
  • Specific height of something
  • Amount of ability you have compared to others
  • Floor or deck within a building
  • Tool used to determine if something is lying flat
  • verb
  • To aim a gun at someone
  • To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
  • To make things flat or even
  • To make a score equal to another, in sports

state

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US / steɪt /

UK / stet /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning region within a country
  • noun
  • Region within a country, with its own government
  • Situation or condition something is in
  • verb
  • To say; declare as fact

big

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US / bɪɡ /

UK / bɪɡ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Popular
  • Serious
  • Large

material

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US / məˈtɪəriəl /

UK / məˈtɪriəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
  • Belonging to the world of physical things
  • noun
  • Cloth; fabric
  • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
  • Substance from which a thing is made of

the

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US / ðə /

UK / ðə /

A1
  • article
  • Used to refer to something already mentioned
  • Used to show there is only one of something
  • determiner
  • Used to describe all of a family

less

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US / les /

UK / lɛs /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Smaller in amount or degree
  • adverb
  • To a smaller degree
  • noun
  • A smaller amount
  • preposition
  • With the subtraction of

average

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US / 'ævərɪdʒ /

UK / ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Typical or normal; usual; ordinary
  • noun
  • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • verb
  • To add numbers then divide by the number of items

greg

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US / 'gri:nweɪ /

UK / 'gri:nˌweɪ /

A1

ones

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US / wʌnz /

UK / wʌnz /

A1
  • number
  • Number 1, a single person or thing

path

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US / pɑ:θ /

UK / pæθ, pɑθ /

A2
  • noun
  • Method of living leading to a particular result
  • Track made with stones, by walking over the ground

russian

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US / ˈrʌʃn /

UK / ˈrʌʃn /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the culture and people of Russia
  • noun
  • Person from Russia

able

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US / 'eɪbl /

UK / ˈebəl /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Skilled; good at something
  • Having the ability to do something

also

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US / 'ɔ:lsəʊ /

UK / ˈɔlso /

A1
  • adverb
  • In addition; too; in a similar way

how

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US / haʊ /

UK / haʊ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • To what degree? in what amount?
  • adverb
  • (Used to explain the way to do something)
  • exclamation
  • For what purpose or reason?
  • (Used to ask someone or something's condition)

you

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US / jʊ /

UK / ju /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Person someone is speaking or writing to
  • Person or people in general

ship

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US / ʃɪp /

UK / ʃɪp /

A1
  • noun
  • Large boat
  • verb
  • To transport goods by boat, truck or plane

not

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US / nɒt /

UK / nɑt /

A1
  • adverb
  • Word indicating the negative
  • (Used to form the negative of verbs)

october

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US / ɒkˈtəʊbə(r) /

UK / ɑkˈtobɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • 10th month of the year

book

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US / bʊk /

UK / bʊk /

A1
  • noun
  • Thing made of pages with writing on that you read
  • verb
  • (Police) to officially record someone's crimes
  • To reserve (hotel room, etc.) in advance
  • To produce a red or yellow card to a soccer player

panama

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US / 'pænəmɑ: /

UK / 'pænəmɑ: /

A1
  • noun
  • A wide-brimmed hat of strawlike material, originally made from the leaves of a particular tropical p
  • proper noun
  • A country in Central America; population 3,900,000 (estimated 2015); capital, Panama City; language,

significant

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US / sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt /

UK / sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /

A2
  • adjecitve
  • Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
  • Having meaning; important; noticeable
  • (Statistics) being clearly different

waterfront

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US / ˈwɔ:təfrʌnt /

UK / ˈwɔ:tərfrʌnt /

C2
  • noun
  • Harbor or dockyard of city near the water

usually

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US / ˈju:ʒuəli /

UK / ˈjuːʒuəli /

A1
  • adverb
  • Normally; regularly

want

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US / wɔnt /

UK / wɑnt, wɔnt /

A1
  • noun
  • Something you desire or wish for
  • State or condition of poverty
  • verb
  • To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing

yet

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US / jet /

UK / jɛt /

A1
  • adverb
  • At a later time (used after ‘not’)
  • (Used to emphasize that thing is, will be greater)
  • Eventually; at a future time
  • Until now; up to the present
  • conjunction
  • Adding to what has been said, often as a contrast

can

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US / kæn /

UK / kən,kæn /

A1
  • noun
  • A metal container for storing food
  • other
  • Able to; have the skill to; have the time to
  • verb
  • To have permission to
  • To be possible to do
  • To preserve food by sealing it in a metal container

effect

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US / ɪ'fekt /

UK / ɪˈfɛkt /

A1
  • noun
  • An advantage, benefit
  • Change brought about by a cause; result

wide

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US / waɪd /

UK / waɪd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Having a great distance from one side to the other
  • adverb
  • Fully; completely

july

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US / dʒuˈlaɪ /

UK / dʒʊˈlaɪ /

A1
  • noun
  • 7th month of the year

same

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US / seɪm /

UK / sem /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being equal in quality and amount
  • Identical; not different
  • Not changing; constant

containerize

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US / kənˈteɪnəraɪz /

UK / kənˈteɪnəˌraɪz /

A1
  • other
  • Package in a container

but

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US / bət /

UK / bʌt,bət /

A1
  • conjunction
  • Used before you say something different, opposite

good

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US / ɡʊd /

UK / ɡʊd /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Proper, appropriate or right
  • (Of an amount) enough; plenty
  • Excellent; high quality
  • Acting well or properly; of moral character
  • In a positive or happy emotional state
  • noun
  • Advantage or benefit

give

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US / ɡɪv /

UK / ɡɪv /

A1
  • noun
  • Degree of flexibility in something, a material
  • verb
  • To hand over or present something to someone
  • To cause someone to have or experience something

blue

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US / blu: /

UK / blu /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Color of the clear sky
  • Feeling sad or down

box

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US / bɒks /

UK / bɑ:ks /

A1
  • noun
  • A marked area of a baseball field
  • A container with four straight sides and a lid
  • Area of seating in a theater separated from others
  • A 4 sided container or shape printed on a page
  • Entire amount of something inside a container
  • verb
  • To strike someone on the side of the head
  • To pack an object in a six-sided container
  • To fight with gloved hands as a sport

north

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US / nɔ:θ /

UK / nɔ:rθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Coming from the opposite direction to the south
  • noun
  • Direction to your left when facing the rising sun

really

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US / ˈri:əli /

UK / ˈriəˌli, ˈrili /

A1
  • adverb
  • Used to stress something that is said; definitely
  • In a true or accurate manner
  • Very

tributary

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US / ˈtrɪbjətri /

UK / ˈtrɪbjəteri /

B2
  • adjecitve
  • Flowing into a larger stream

ceo

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US / ˌsiː iː ˈəʊ /

UK / ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ /

C2
  • abbreviation
  • CEO for Chief Operating Officer

export

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US / ˈekspɔ:t /

UK / ˈekspɔ:rt /

A2
  • noun
  • When goods are sold to another country
  • verb
  • To send goods to be sold in another country

now

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US / naʊ /

UK / naʊ /

A1
  • adverb
  • At the present time or moment
  • Right away or in the next possible moment
  • Used to refer to something that just happened
  • Time between the present and a moment in the past
  • conjunction
  • Resulting from or because of something

schedule

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US / ˈʃedju:l /

UK / ˈskedʒu:l /

A2
  • noun
  • A list of events and their times
  • A plan to do something at a certain time
  • verb
  • To plan to do something at a certain time

south

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US / saʊθ /

UK / saʊθ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Direction to your right when facing the rising sun
  • Coming from the opposite direction from north
  • noun
  • The direction to your right of the rising sun

september

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US / sepˈtembə(r) /

UK / sɛpˈtɛmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • 9th month of the year

large

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US / lɑ:dʒ /

UK / lɑ:rdʒ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat

most

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US / məʊst /

UK / most /

A1
  • adverb
  • Very; extremely
  • Greatest possible degree
  • pronoun
  • Nearly all of something

reduction

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US / rɪ'dʌkʃn /

UK / rɪˈdʌkʃən /

B1
  • noun
  • Act of making something smaller
  • Amount that a price is decreased by

issue

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US / 'ɪʃu: /

UK / ˈɪʃu /

A2
  • noun
  • Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
  • Single edition of a magazine
  • verb
  • To make something available to be used or sold
  • To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner

logjam

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US / ˈlɒgdʒæm /

UK / ˈlɔ:gdʒæm /

C2
  • noun
  • Any stoppage due to unusual activity

call

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US / kɔ:l /

UK / kɔl /

A1
  • noun
  • A order or request for action
  • The sound an animal makes, often when in danger
  • A correct prediction, e.g. a decision in a game
  • A short visit to a place or person
  • A decision by a referee or umpire in a game
  • verb
  • To make a request or order for action
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disruption

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US / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

UK / dɪs'rʌpʃn /

B2
  • noun
  • When a disturbance stops an activity in progress

reduce

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US / rɪ'dju:s /

UK / rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus /

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  • verb
  • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
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where

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US / hwɛə /

UK / hwɛr, wɛr /

A1
  • conjunction
  • At or in the place which
  • In whatever place
  • pronoun
  • Word you use to ask the location of something

come

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US / kʌm /

UK / kʌm /

A1
  • verb
  • To arrive at a place
  • (Of mail) to be delivered
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outbound

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US / ˈaʊtbaʊnd /

UK / ˈaʊtˌbaʊnd /

C1
  • adjecitve
  • Going out or leaving

think

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US / θɪŋk /

UK / θɪŋk /

A1
  • verb
  • To have an idea about something without certainty
  • To have an idea, opinion or belief about something

from

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US / frəm /

UK / frʌm, frɑm,frəm /

A1
  • preposition
  • Starting at a particular place, time or level

hot

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US / hɒt /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Angry or excited
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out

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US / aʊt /

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A1
  • adverb
  • No longer stylish (e.g. fashion)
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  • noun
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over

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A1
  • adverb
  • Finished; no longer happening
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  • noun
  • A set of six consecutive balls bowled in cricket
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affect

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A2
  • verb
  • To cause a change in something else

august

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US / ɔːˈɡʌst /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • (of person) Well known and respected
  • noun
  • 8th month of the year

put

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US / pʊt /

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A1
  • phrasal verb
  • to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch
  • verb
  • To move or place a thing in a particular position
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two

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US / tu: /

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A1
  • number
  • 2

wonk

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A1
  • noun

and

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US / ənd /

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  • conjunction
  • Used to refer to two or more things
  • Plus; in addition; on top of that
  • Used to introduce an action that follows another

back

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US / bæk /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Farthest from the front e.g. in a classroom
  • adverb
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  • noun
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  • verb
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lot

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A1
  • noun
  • What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • A group of people seen together
  • Item for sale at an auction
  • Small area of land used for a purpose e.g. parking

southbound

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US / ˈsaʊθbaʊnd /

UK / ˈsaʊθˌbaʊnd /

C2
  • adjecitve
  • Moving toward the south

immaterial

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US / ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl /

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C1
  • adjecitve
  • Having no importance or significance

right

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US / raɪt /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Correct or true
  • The south side of you looking at the rising sun
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  • noun
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  • verb
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swing

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US / swɪŋ /

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A2
  • noun
  • Movement in a curved motion
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  • A back and forth motion, while hanging
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  • verb
  • To move something in a back and forth motion
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down

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US / daʊn /

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Being sad, sick, or unhappy
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  • adverb
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  • Written or copied onto a piece of paper or book
  • noun
  • A period of play in American Football
  • The soft, smooth hairs that cover a bird's body
  • preposition
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  • verb
  • To eat or drink very quickly and without stopping

include

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US / ɪnˈklu:d /

UK / ɪnˈklud /

A1
  • verb
  • To make someone, something part of a group

sanction

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US / 'sæŋkʃn /

UK / ˈsæŋkʃən /

B2
  • noun
  • Official support or approval
  • Action taken to force a country to obey laws
  • verb
  • To allow or approve something

scroll

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US / skrəʊl /

UK / skroʊl /

B2
  • noun
  • A long rolled piece of paper with writing on it
  • Something shaped like a rolled piece of paper
  • other
  • To move up, down, or across a computer screen
  • verb
  • To move up and down a computer screen

sea

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US / /

UK / /

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  • noun
  • Very large group of people, similar-looking things
  • Large body of salty water with land around it

then

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US / ðen /

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  • adverb
  • A time that is not now
  • Following another thing in time or arrangement
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lane

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US / leɪn /

UK / len /

A2
  • noun
  • Marked strip of the road or swimming pool
  • Narrow way or road, often with steep sides
  • Person's name

number

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US / ˈnʌmbə(r) /

UK / ˈnʌmbɚ /

A1
  • noun
  • Symbols such as 1, 2, 56, 793
  • Particular song or dance performed during a show
  • Total quantity or amount of things
  • verb
  • To put numbers on things
  • To assign a sequence within a group, series, set
  • To claim to be part of a larger group, series, set

offload

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US / ˌɒfˈləʊd /

UK / ˌɔːfˈloʊd /

C2
  • verb
  • To get rid of something you don't want

tanker

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US / ˈtæŋkə(r) /

UK / ˈtæŋkɚ /

B2
  • noun
  • Vehicle built to transport liquids

winter

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US / ˈwɪntə(r) /

UK / ˈwɪntɚ /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • (Food) planted in fall and gathered next year
  • noun
  • Time or season of idleness or decay
  • Coldest season of the year
  • verb
  • To spend the cold months at a certain place

get

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US / ɡet /

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A1
  • verb
  • To become affected by illness or disease
  • To begin to feel or understand an emotion or idea
  • To send or bring someone or something home, etc.
  • To go somewhere to obtain something
  • To (cause to) do a particular thing
  • To obtain, receive or be given something
  • To currently have
  • To prepare for use
  • To understand something being said or read

particularly

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US / pəˈtikjuləli /

UK / pɚˈtɪkjələli, pəˈtɪk- /

A2
  • adverb
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rail

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US / reɪl /

UK / rel /

B1
  • noun
  • Long thin piece of metal, wood as part of a fence
  • One of two metal tracks along which a train runs
  • verb
  • To complain or object forcefully
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spill

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US / spɪl /

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B1
  • noun
  • Accident when someone falls
  • Act of allowing a fluid to escape
  • verb
  • To come out of and spread beyond limits
  • To cause (blood) to flow from body, as by killing
  • To tell secrets or let information escape
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  • To come out of a holding container

about

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US / ə'baʊt /

UK / əˈbaʊt /

A1
  • adverb
  • To be ready to; going to
  • Nearly; approximately; roughly
  • Near; next to; close to
  • In every direction; in the area of
  • preposition
  • Concerning or of (a topic)

again

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US / ə'ɡen /

UK / əˈɡɛn /

A1
  • adverb
  • One more time, once more

constraint

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US / kənˈstreɪnt /

UK / kənˈstrent /

B1
  • noun
  • Thing preventing you moving or acting; restriction

different

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US / ˈdɪfrənt /

UK / ˈdɪfrənt /

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  • adjecitve
  • Not of the same kind; unlike other things

eventually

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US / ɪˈventʃuəli /

UK / ɪˈvɛntʃuəli /

A2
  • adverb
  • After a long time; after many attempts; in the end

impact

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US / 'ɪmpækt /

UK / ˈɪmˌpækt /

A2
  • noun
  • A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • Very strong influence
  • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
  • verb
  • To hit or strike someone or something with force

that

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US / ðæt /

UK / ðæt, ðət /

A1
  • adjecitve
  • The person or thing being talked about
  • Used to identify something both the speakers know
  • adverb
  • Used to reinforce adjectives and adverbs
  • To such a degree
  • conjunction
  • Used to connect a noun clause
  • Used to introduce an adverbial clause
  • Used to introduce a noun clause
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  • pronoun
  • Referring an object far away
  • Used to refer to the relative pronoun ‘which’

what

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US / wɒt /

UK / hwɑt, hwʌt, wɔt, wʌt,hwət, wət /

A1
  • pronoun
  • Thing or things that; the same kind as
  • Used to emphasize something you are about to say
  • adjecitve
  • Used to refer to a particular amount, or number
  • Used to place emphasis on a particular quality
  • adverb
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  • determiner
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  • exclamation
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week

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US / wi:k /

UK / wik /

A1
  • noun
  • Period of seven days from Sunday to Saturday

bottom

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US / 'bɒtəm /

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A2
  • adjecitve
  • Concerning the part under something, e.g. a vase
  • noun
  • The part of your body you sit on
  • Lowest position, often in a company or contest
  • Lowest part of something; part on which it rests
  • Lowest level, part or point of an object
  • The part under something, e.g. a vase
  • verb
  • To hit the lowest part of something

decrease

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US / dɪˈkri:s /

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  • noun
  • Amount by which something has been reduced
  • verb
  • To reduce the size, amount or number of something

greatly

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A2
  • adverb
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happen

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US / 'hæpən /

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  • verb
  • To take place or occur

perspective

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US / pə'spektɪv /

UK / pɚˈspɛktɪv /

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  • noun
  • Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
  • Ability to understand what is important in life

projection

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US / prəˈdʒekʃn /

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  • noun
  • A prediction; guess about future developments
  • An image on a screen
  • A part that sticks out

petroleum

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US / pə'trəʊlɪəm /

UK / pəˈtroliəm /

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  • noun
  • Oil found in the ground used to make fuel

recommend

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US / ˌrekə'mend /

UK / ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd /

A2
  • verb
  • To advise or suggest that someone do something

asia

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US / ˈeɪʒə /

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  • noun
  • Largest continent with Europe on the west to form Eurasia
  • other
  • Nations of the Asian continent collectively

energy

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  • noun
  • Physical or mental strength

exceed

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US / ɪk'si:d /

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  • verb
  • To be greater in number, degree than something
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great

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A1
  • adjecitve
  • Very large in size
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  • Successful and well-admired person

mean

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US / mi:n /

UK / min /

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  • adjecitve
  • Being good at
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  • verb
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priority

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US / praɪ'ɒrətɪ /

UK / praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr- /

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  • noun
  • Thing that is more important/urgent than others

place

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US / pleɪs /

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  • noun
  • Particular location, area or region
  • verb
  • To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • To put something in a certain location or position
  • Introduction to Video Content
  • The Panama Canal is facing a significant issue with low water levels, leading to major implications for global trade. Located between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the canal is a vital waterway that facilitates the passage of ships and cargo between these two major bodies of water. However, due to the current water shortage, the canal is experiencing extensive backups and delays.To understand the situation better, it is essential to comprehend the role of Gatun Lake in the functioning of the Panama Canal. This freshwater lake is formed by damming up several tributaries and serves as the primary water source for the canal. Freshwater is used in the locks of the canal, and the excess eventually spills into the north and south ends of the waterway. Therefore, an abundant supply of freshwater is crucial for the smooth operation of the canal.At present, however, Gatun Lake is experiencing unusually low water levels. On August 23rd, the lake was measured at only 79.7 feet, compared to the usual level of around 85 feet in August. This reduction in water levels has resulted in a restriction on the draft of vessels that can navigate through the "Neo-Panamax Lane" of the canal, which has been lowered from 50 feet to 44 feet. While this restriction does not significantly affect the smaller Panamax vessels, larger ships face limitations, causing delays and disruptions to maritime traffic.The consequences of this water shortage are far-reaching. Global trade heavily relies on the efficient operation of the Panama Canal, as it provides a vital shortcut for ships traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The reduced capacity of the canal's Neo-Panamax Lane has significant implications for the shipping industry, as it limits the size of vessels that can pass through and potentially affects the volume of goods that can be transported. This situation has led to long wait times at the canal, exacerbating the delays in the global supply chain.Projections indicate that the water levels in Gatun Lake may improve by late September or October. However, until then, the restrictions on vessel draft will likely continue. The Panama Canal Authority is implementing measures to mitigate the impact of the low water levels, such as adjusting the canal's transit schedule and prioritizing certain types of cargo. Nevertheless, the ongoing issue highlights the vulnerability of global trade to natural factors and the importance of ensuring the stability and sustainability of key waterways like the Panama Canal.
  • Subtitles section
  • I want to talk about the Panama Canal today, because a lot of issues in the context of the Panama Canal.
  • This is marine traffic showing you the backup on both the northbound side and the southbound side of the Panama Canal up here on the north.
  • This is the Atlantic Ocean and the south side.
  • This is the Pacific Ocean, not exactly, but that's basically where they link to.
  • And what we're seeing is these long backups at the canal, and the reason for the backups has to do with water.
  • This is the Gatun Lake water level.
  • Now, the Panama Canal, if you ever want to read the best book on this, it's David McCullough's Path Between Two Seas, fantastic book on the construction and building of the Panama Canal.
  • But the Panama Canal is fed by a freshwater lake.
  • They dam up these series of tributaries and create Gatun Lake.
  • And freshwater is used into the locks, and they eventually spill into the north and south ends of the canal.
  • So you've got to have a huge amount of freshwater.
  • The problem you have right now is Gatun Lake is really low.
  • You see it right here, August 23rd, 79.7 feet.
  • That has basically restricted the draft of vessels that can use the big lane of the Panama Canal, called the Neo-Panamax Lane, down to 44 feet.
  • It's usually 50 feet.
  • So you're seeing a 6-foot reduction there.
  • Panamax, it's not really impacting at all.
  • But what you see here is where the water levels are, and the perspective projections have water levels going back up late September into October.
  • If you scroll down here and look at the historic levels, in August, we should be at about 85 feet.
  • Again, we're at 79 feet.
  • That is a big problem, which means that we're seeing restrictions being implemented on the Panama Canal, which we're going to talk about.
  • This is the wait time on the Panama Canal.
  • This is from Waterfront Maritime Services.
  • This is their publication they put out.
  • On the Panama Canal, they show you the number of vessels that are booked to go through the canal and those that are not booked.
  • So here are the vessels that are in the queue, waiting.
  • 45 booked vessels, 75 non-booked vessels.
  • If you're a Neo-Panamax vessel heading from the Pacific to the Atlantic, you get a 6-7 day wait, 4-5 days coming the other way.
  • But when you start getting into the other areas, the super area and the regulars, you're seeing delays of almost 2 weeks.
  • And particularly where we're seeing that is in LNGs, tankers, and bulkers coming through.
  • Those are the ones that are having the biggest problem.
  • This article by Greg Miller over in Freightwaves, strongly recommend, fantastic article.
  • Greg is always a great wonk when it comes to data and there's no shortage of it in this article.
  • He talks about how the shipping traffic jam at the Panama Canal is not a crisis yet, which is key.
  • It is not a crisis yet.
  • If you start looking at it, which Greg does, he breaks it down.
  • So one of the things you're looking at is the average number of daily transits.
  • The Panama Canal has announced that it's reducing the number of transits down from 40 down to about 32 to 34, depending on the day.
  • Not really impacting the Neo-Panamax vessels, the vessels that are getting impacted right now are the Panamax vessels.
  • These are the vessels that use the old lanes of the Panama Canal.
  • The original canal, built in 1914, has a series of 6 locks.
  • Those locks have a set dimension.
  • You can't exceed those dimensions.
  • Can't be more than 895 feet long, 105 foot wide, and a draft of about 35 feet.
  • The Neo-Panamax lane is the one that was designed in 2004, went into operation in 2016, much larger dimensions.
  • Those transits seem not to be affected greatly.
  • If you look at the chart here, you're looking back in July of 2021, 9.1 Neo-Panamax transits daily.
  • It's up.
  • It's up to 9.9 right now.
  • But where you're seeing the decrease is in the Panamax lanes, and there's a good reason for this.
  • The Neo-Panamax lanes actually has a water capture system that captures about 80% of the water that comes out of Gatun Lake and recycles it.
  • The old locks don't.
  • And so that's one of the reasons why you're seeing this happen right now.
  • Greg also included this chart, which I think is an extremely important chart.
  • It shows you the waiting time in days for certain vessels.
  • And the ones to note are the red.
  • Those are container ships.
  • Container ships are almost not waiting at all.
  • They're able to get through.
  • Now, what we are seeing with container ships, and we saw a story from G-Captain about this.
  • Mike Schuller did a great story on this.
  • When the Evermax went through the Panama Canal not too long ago, this Neo-Panamax vessel, it had to offload almost 1,300 containers to get its draft up so it can go through the canal.
  • Those containers were then railed across the isthmus and then loaded back on the vessel.
  • So while you didn't have a delay in getting through the canal, you did have a delay in that the cargo had to be offloaded and then reloaded on the other side.
  • Where you're seeing the delay right now are in liquefied petroleum gas carriers right here, the green line.
  • And you're seeing it in dry bulk, the blue line right here.
  • This is where you're seeing that happen.
  • Those are the areas where we're seeing the greatest impact.
  • And this chart does it in bulk commodities, so you look at crude and oil production tankers.
  • Down at the bottom, the gray is the LPG tankers, and then the red are the dry bulk carriers.
  • This is where you're seeing the greatest amount of delays right now.
  • So, circling back to Greg's story, what canal constraints mean to U.S. containerized imports?
  • Well, he says it right here.
  • It has an effect because it means you can load less on the ship, says Rolf Haben Jensen, CEO of HopHogLine.
  • The effect is not immaterial, but it's also not huge.
  • So ships are loading fewer boxes or having to take them on and off, but they're getting through.
  • There really isn't a huge one.
  • If you look at what a SB Global carrier source says, no issues on the U.S. coast with Panama.
  • No impact on schedules.
  • So container ship traffic, most of which moves via scheduled transits, booked well ahead of time and given priority over other vessels, have seen delays and added costs, but did not face significant disruptions.
  • So on the container side, you're not seeing it.
  • But when you look at energy and agriculture, that is a bit different.
  • And this is where we see it.
  • Should the canal situation persist or worsen, outbound bulk commodity exports can reflow around the logjam, albeit at a higher cost and freight in time, in the same way global commodity trades have rerouted around Russian sanctions.
  • LNG, LPG, bulk commodities come out of the U.S. Gulf Coast and they swing through the Panama Canal and head to Asia.
  • We export a huge amount of bulk material.
  • And this is where we're seeing it right now, particularly as it starts to head into winter.
  • I know it's sweltering hot right now around the United States and around a lot of the places.
  • But as we start looking at winter, this is going to be a big problem if those levels of the canal don't rise.